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  • What advantages does mod_evasive have over mod_security2 in terms of DDOS protection?

    - by Martynas Sušinskas
    Good day, I'm running an Apache2 server in front of a Tomcat and I need to implement a DDOS protection mechanism on the Apache2 layer. I have two candidates: mod_evasive and mod_security2 with the OWASP core rule set. Mod_security is already installed for overall protection, but the question is: is it worth adding mod_evasive besides mod_security just for the DDOS (does it have any major advantages) or the OWASP crs rules in the /experimental_rules/ directory (modsecurity_crs_11_dos_protection.conf) provide the same protection? Or it's just a matter of preference? The sites are not very high traffic normally. Thank you for your answers, Martynas

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  • Configuring port forwarding for SSH - no response outside LAN

    - by WinnieNicklaus
    I recently moved, and at the same time purchased a new router (Linksys E1200). Prior to the move, I had my old router set up to forward a port for SSH to servers on my LAN, and I was using DynDNS to manage the external IP address. Everything worked great. I moved and set up the new router (unfortunately, the old one is busted so I can't try things out with it), updated the DynDNS address, and attempted to restore my port forwarding settings. No joy. SSH connections time out, and pings go unanswered. But here's the weird part (i.e., key to the whole thing?): I can ping and SSH just fine from within this LAN. I'm not talking about the local 192.168.1.* addresses. I can actually SSH from a computer on my LAN to the DynDNS external address. It's only when the client is outside the LAN that connections are dropped. This surely suggests a particular point of failure, but I don't know enough to figure out what it is. I can't figure out why it would make a difference where the connections originate, unless there's a filter for "trusted" IP addresses, which is perhaps just restricted to my own. No settings have been touched on the servers, and I can't find any settings suggesting this on the router admin interface. I disabled the router's SPI firewall and "Filter anonymous traffic" setting to no avail. Has anyone heard of this behavior, and what can I do to get past it?

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  • Why can`t we treat SSL Certs like Pgp keys instead of trusting CAs?

    - by yarun can
    I am dumb and stupid and I do not know all the technical aspects of SSL and server/client side implications and implementations. However I understand them good enough from user point of view to use SSL and encyrption daily. I was thinking that how silly it is to trust some unknown/known CAs when it comes to our our certificates for our servers. There had been many cases of misconduct, misuse, compromises and theft of certificates/ca keys from those places. On top of those known issues we also have to pay these guys regularly. I am wondering why can not we use/treat web server certificates like we use our pgp keys? So I sign a SSL certificate and send to a central server. And then each user accessing my site checks the validity and the keys from some central server (like pgp key servers). Is this a stupid idea? If so what could be a better idea than current system of issuing valid certificates. I am looking for a better than more secure idea. Naturally this is not a solution to an existing problem, rather it will be a hypothetical solution for some future implementation of a currently messed up web of trust on the internet due to recent news about NSA and their criminal buddies around the world. thanks

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  • Shibboleth: found encrypted assertions, but no CredentialResolver was available

    - by HorusKol
    I've gotten a Shibboleth Server Provider (SP) up and running, and I'm using the TestShib Identity Provider (IdP) for testing. The configuration appears to be all correct, and when I requested my secured directory I was sent to the IdP where I logged in and then was sent back to https://example.org/Shibboleth.sso/SAML2/POST where I am getting a generic error message. Checking the logs, I am told: found encrypted assertions, but no CredentialResolver was available I have rechecked the configuration, and there I have: <CredentialResolver type="File" key="/etc/shibboleth/sp-key.pem" certificate="/etc/shibboleth/sp-cert.pem"/> Both of these files are present at those locations. I've restarted apache and retried, but still get the same error. I don't know if it makes a difference - but only a subdirectory of the site has been secured - the documentroot is publicly available.

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  • Best practices for SQL Server audit trail

    - by Ducain
    I'm facing a situation today where it would be very beneficial to me and my company if we knew who had logged into SQL and performed some deletions. We have a situation where at least 2 (sometimes 3) people login to SQL using SQL Server Management Studio, and perform various functions. What we need is an audit trail. If someone deletes records (mistakenly or otherwise), I'd like to know what was done. Is there any way to make this happen?

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  • Which is the most independent and secure email service? [closed]

    - by Rafal
    I'm looking for a provider with a secure transfer protocol (like https) Secured (as much as it is possible) from being hacked or spied on. One that won't scan my email in order to display more accurate ads. One that won't sell my personal information. One that won't disclose my emails to some sort of government (it probably must be based outside of US or Chinese jurisdiction I reckon) Encrypted if possible. It can be simple and without huge storage. If you know/use any similar service I would be really grateful if you could point me there. Cheerz

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  • Is it possible to have an external server with in a companies firewall?

    - by Jonathan
    Hi guys, I am sure this is server admin 101,but I am unsure of the answer and would love some help. I am a software developer I have built an application for a client and am currently hosting it successfully on SliceHost. We are now coming out of Beta and the client wants to have the application within their Firewall, but they do not want to deal with headache of hosting and maintaining the server. Is there a way I can recommend that we put our server at SliceHost within their Firewall? Is that an easy thing to do? If that is not possible, what should I recommend to my client? Thanks! Jonathan

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  • How do I disable location services system wide?

    - by Daisetsu
    Google has an API which can determine someone's location based on the wifi router names which a user's computer can see. You will see this if you go to google maps and your browser may ask if you would like to share location data. I am wondering if there is any way to disable this on a system wide setting rather than just in each browser (Chrome can do this too). Is there any way I can limit which applications have a list of the wireless routers I can see?

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  • Secure external connection to SQL Server (from third party software)

    - by Bart
    I have a SQL Express 2008 R2 server running on a server in an internal lan network. A few databases are used by some third party software to store data. A SQL-Server user is used by this application to connect to the database. Now I need to access this database using a local installation of the software from an external pc. In this particular case a VPN connection is not the solution I am looking for. I have access to an external linux server, so I tried ssh tunneling from the windows server to the linux server and use the external pc to tunnel it back from the linux server to the client, but this is working very very slow. What are my other options to allow this external connection in a safe way?

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  • How to keep Flash secured with EMET?

    - by Indrek
    I use EMET to secure a number of applications on my computer - web browsers, Office suite applications, PDF readers, as well as Adobe Flash. Overall it's working great, except that the Flash executables contain the version number in the file name, so every time there's an update, the file names change and I have to remember to re-add them manually to EMET. Is there a way to streamline this process? EMET does support wildcards, but only in the path itself, not the file name, so something like %windir%\system32\Macromed\Flash\*.exe wouldn't work. Is there any other way to add a whole folder to EMET so that any new executables in that folder are automatically secured?

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  • USB key to pass password in Centos 6

    - by Andrew
    I had a room mate that put a livecd in my desktop and looked around on my machine. I caught him in the act and threw him out. I haven't had a room mate for a while now and so as to avoid the livecd issue again I encrypted the hard drive, the machine is running centos 6.3. Is there anyway that I can avoid typing the password in each time if I have usb key in the machine to feed the password to the system? Additional question. Is there anything you can suggest to solve the problem I have ? Thanks

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  • A possible case of hacked email account. What kind of an attack is this?

    - by Rickesh John
    I own a Yahoo mail account. I am using this account for sending resumes and receive notifications from various job portals. But yesterday, I found that some 10-15 mails had been sent to random addresses from my account. Most of them had this format: hr@<companyname>.com I am pretty sure that I didn't send any mails to such addresses. Initially, I thought the job portals may be sending mails on my behalf and Yahoo is logging them, but then I saw the contents. The contents of all those mails were a URL, which I did not click. SCARED. Also, to top it off, my "Sending Name" has been changed to 'Nice Maria'!! o_0 I have taken the necessary measures and changed my password and the secret question. I cannot delete this account as this email is registered with all the job portals and other companies. Is this a simple case of my account being compromised or was I a victim of some web vulnerability? All the mails seem to be bot generated, with only a URL as the message body. Please advice.

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  • Is there a way to check if a user has specific rights?

    - by Vadim
    In my application I'm using ntrights.exe, that is part of Windows Resource Kit, to grant and revoke a specific user right. For example to grant a user "Log on as a server" right, I execute using shell object following command: ntrights -u User +r SeServiceLogonRight However ntrights doesn't allow you to check if a user has a specific right. Can you tell me how I can check if a user has a specific right?

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  • Is there a serious issue with setting the SUID bit on tcpdump?

    - by Dean
    I'm running tcpdump on a remote machine, and piping the output to Wireshark on my local machine over SSH. In order to do this, I had to set the SUID bit on tcpdump. For background, the remote machine is an Amazon EC2 running "Amazon Linux AMI 2012.09". On this image, there is no root password, and it is not possible to log in as root. You can't use sudo without a TTY, and therefore you have to set the SUID. What are the practical risks of setting this bit on tcpdump? Is there any need to be paranoid? Should I unset it whenever I'm not capturing?

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  • Reinstall after a Root Compromise?

    - by Zoredache
    After reading this question on a server compromise, I started to wonder why people continue to seem to believe that they can recover a compromised system using detection/cleanup tools, or by just fixing the hole that was used to compromise the system. Given all the various root kit technologies and other things a hacker can do most experts suggest you should reinstall the operating system. I am hoping to get a better idea why more people don't just take off and nuke the system from orbit. Here are a couple points, that I would like to see addressed. Are there conditions where a format/reinstall would not clean the system? Under what types conditions do you think a system can be cleaned, and when must you do a full reinstall? What reasoning do you have against doing a full reinstall? If you choose not to reinstall, then what method do you use to be reasonably confident you have cleaned and prevented any further damage from happening again.

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  • Failed to generate a user instance of SQL Server

    - by Goondocks
    I'm using Windows 7 Beta and trying to install a web application locally. This web site uses Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Express (SQLEXPRESS) and a MDB file in the web site's ~/App_Data folder. I was instructed to configure IIS7 to use Classic .NET AppPool for this web application. Each time the web site loads, I receive the following error: There was an error trying to connect to the Database Server: Failed to generate a user instance of SQL Server due to failure in retrieving the user's local application data path. Please make sure the user has a local user profile on the computer. The connection will be closed. The Internet is packed with articles written on this subject. The prevailing wisdom seems to be: Configure the SQL Express Service to use the Local System account. Delete the following directory: C:\Users\username\AppData\Microsoft\Microsoft SQL Server Data\SQLEXPRESS Neither of these fixes have made any impact. I have tinkered with permissions and settings for hours to no avail. Can anyone suggest a fix or help me understand how to get more detailed information about the problem.

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  • Best way to find the computer a user last logged on from?

    - by Garrett
    I am hoping that somewhere in Active Directory the "last logged on from [computer]" is written/stored, or there is a log I can parse out? The purpose of wanting to know the last PC logged on from is for offering remote support over the network - our users move around pretty infrequently, but I'd like to know that whatever I'm consulting was updating that morning (when they logged in, presumably) at minimum. I'm also considering login scripts that write the user and computer names to a known location I can reference, but some of our users don't like to logout for 15 days at a time. If there is an elegant solution that uses login scripts, definitely mention it - but if it happens to work for merely unlocking the station, that would be even better!

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  • china and gmail attacks

    - by doug
    "We have evidence to suggest that a primary goal of the attackers was accessing the Gmail accounts of Chinese human rights activists. Based on our investigation to date we believe their attack did not achieve that objective. Only two Gmail accounts appear to have been accessed, and that activity was limited to account information (such as the date the account was created) and subject line, rather than the content of emails themselves.” [source] I don't know much about how internet works, but as long the chines gov has access to the chines internet providers servers, why do they need to hack gmail accounts? I assume that i don't understand how submitting/writing a message(from user to gmail servers) works, in order to be sent later to the other email address. Who can tell me how submitting a message to a web form works?

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  • Remote hosts accessing AD's registry

    - by smitty user
    I have a situation here. I have an intrusion detection system and it constantly alerts me that a remote host is accessing our AD's registry remotely. Our remote hosts are mainly Windows XP and our ADs are W2K8. The remote hosts access them over SMB port 445 Is it normal for Windows hosts to access AD's remote registry? My colleagues confirmed with me that both host and AD is clean from virus with endpoint protection enabled. Thanks.

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  • What could cause these "failed to authenticate" logs other than failed login attempts (OSX)?

    - by Tom
    I've found this in the Console logs: 10/03/10 3:53:58 PM SecurityAgent[156] User info context values set for tom 10/03/10 3:53:58 PM authorizationhost[154] Failed to authenticate user (tDirStatus: -14090). 10/03/10 3:54:00 PM SecurityAgent[156] User info context values set for tom 10/03/10 3:54:00 PM authorizationhost[154] Failed to authenticate user (tDirStatus: -14090). 10/03/10 3:54:03 PM SecurityAgent[156] User info context values set for tom 10/03/10 3:54:03 PM authorizationhost[154] Failed to authenticate user (tDirStatus: -14090). There are about 11 of these "failed to authenticate" messages logged in quick succession. It looks to me like someone is sitting there trying to guess the password. However, when I tried to replicate this I get the same log messages except that this extra message appears after five attempts: 13/03/10 1:18:48 PM DirectoryService[11] Failed Authentication return is being delayed due to over five recent auth failures for username: tom. I don't want to accuse someone of trying to break into an account without being sure that they were actually trying to break in. My question is this: is it almost definitely someone guessing a password, or could the 11 "failed to authenticate" messages be caused by something else?

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  • My webserver just got hacked [closed]

    - by billmalarky
    Possible Duplicate: My server's been hacked EMERGENCY My web server just got hacked. It was on a vps so I think it was hacked through another site. When I loaded the homepage it looks like it ran some script. Can anyone tell me if this script is malicious and if I just got screwed by my own website? `<script>var _0x8ae2=["\x68\x74\x74\x70\x3A\x2F\x2F\x7A\x6F\x6E\x65\x2D\x68\x2E\x6F\x72\x67\x2F\x61\x72\x63\x68\x69\x76\x65\x2F\x6E\x6F\x74\x69\x66\x69\x65\x72\x3D\x54\x69\x47\x45\x52\x2D\x4D\x25\x34\x30\x54\x45","\x6F\x70\x65\x6E","\x68\x74\x74\x70\x3A\x2F\x2F\x7A\x6F\x6E\x65\x2D\x68\x2E\x6F\x72\x67\x2F\x61\x72\x63\x68\x69\x76\x65\x2F\x6E\x6F\x74\x69\x66\x69\x65\x72\x3D\x54\x69\x47\x45\x52\x2D\x4D\x25\x34\x30\x54\x45\x2F\x73\x70\x65\x63\x69\x61\x6C\x3D\x31","\x68\x74\x74\x70\x3A\x2F\x2F\x6C\x6D\x67\x74\x66\x79\x2E\x63\x6F\x6D\x2F\x3F\x71\x3D\x48\x61\x63\x6B\x65\x64\x20\x62\x79\x20\x54\x69\x47\x45\x52\x2D\x4D\x25\x34\x30\x54\x45","\x73\x63\x72\x6F\x6C\x6C\x42\x79","\x74\x69\x74\x6C\x65","\x48\x61\x63\x6B\x65\x44\x20\x42\x79\x20\x54\x69\x47\x45\x52\x2D\x4D\x40\x54\x45","\x6F\x6E\x6B\x65\x79\x64\x6F\x77\x6E","\x72\x65\x73\x69\x7A\x65\x54\x6F","\x6D\x6F\x76\x65\x54\x6F","\x6D\x6F\x76\x65\x28\x29","\x72\x6F\x75\x6E\x64","\x66\x67\x43\x6F\x6C\x6F\x72","\x62\x67\x43\x6F\x6C\x6F\x72","\x4C\x4F\x4C","\x61\x76\x61\x69\x6C\x57\x69\x64\x74\x68","\x61\x76\x61\x69\x6C\x48\x65\x69\x67\x68\x74"];function details(){window[_0x8ae2[1]](_0x8ae2[0]);window[_0x8ae2[1]](_0x8ae2[2]);window[_0x8ae2[1]](_0x8ae2[3]);} ;window[_0x8ae2[4]](0,1);if(document[_0x8ae2[5]]==_0x8ae2[6]){function keypressed(){return false;} ;document[_0x8ae2[7]]=keypressed;window[_0x8ae2[8]](0,0);window[_0x8ae2[9]](0,0);setTimeout(_0x8ae2[10],2);var mxm=50;var mym=25;var mx=0;var my=0;var sv=50;var status=1;var szx=0;var szy=0;var c=255;var n=0;var sm=30;var cycle=2;var done=2;function move(){if(status==1){mxm=mxm/1.05;mym=mym/1.05;mx=mx+mxm;my=my-mym;mxm=mxm+(400-mx)/100;mym=mym-(300-my)/100;window[_0x8ae2[9]](mx,my);rmxm=Math[_0x8ae2[11]](mxm/10);rmym=Math[_0x8ae2[11]](mym/10);if(rmxm==0){if(rmym==0){status=2;} ;} ;} ;if(status==2){sv=sv/1.1;scrratio=1+1/3;mx=mx-sv*scrratio/2;my=my-sv/2;szx=szx+sv*scrratio;szy=szy+sv;window[_0x8ae2[9]](mx,my);window[_0x8ae2[8]](szx,szy);if(sv<0.1){status=3;} ;} ;if(status==3){document[_0x8ae2[12]]=0xffffFF;c=c-16;if(c<0){status=8;} ;} ;if(status==4){c=c+16;document[_0x8ae2[13]]=c*65536;document[_0x8ae2[12]]=(255-c)*65536;if(c>239){status=5;} ;} ;if(status==5){c=c-16;document[_0x8ae2[13]]=c*65536;document[_0x8ae2[12]]=(255-c)*65536;if(c<0){status=6;cycle=cycle-1;if(cycle>0){if(done==1){status=7;} else {status=4;} ;} ;} ;} ;if(status==6){document[_0x8ae2[5]]=_0x8ae2[14];alert(_0x8ae2[14]);cycle=2;status=4;done=1;} ;if(status==7){c=c+4;document[_0x8ae2[13]]=c*65536;document[_0x8ae2[12]]=(255-c)*65536;if(c>128){status=8;} ;} ;if(status==8){window[_0x8ae2[9]](0,0);sx=screen[_0x8ae2[15]];sy=screen[_0x8ae2[16]];window[_0x8ae2[8]](sx,sy);status=9;} ;var _0xceebx11=setTimeout(_0x8ae2[10],0.3);} ;} ;</script><body bgcolor="#000000" oncontextmenu="return false;"><p align="center"><span style="font-weight: 700;"><font face="Tahoma" size="5" color="#EEEEEE"><i>Server HackeD<br/><br/>By</i> </font><br/><br/><a href="#" class="name"><script>if (navigator.appName == 'Microsoft Internet Explorer'){document.write('<font face="Arial Black" size="5" color="#FF0000">');}else{document.write('<font face="Arial Black" size="5" color="black" style="text-shadow:#FFFFFF 2px 2px 5px">');}</script><i onclick="details()">TiGER-M@TE</i></font></a></span><br/><br/><script>var l1n3='<img src="data:image/gif;base64,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" />'; document.write(l1n3+l1n3);`

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  • Adding port forwardings programmatically on a ControlMaster SSH session

    - by aef
    I just found out about the ControlMaster/ControlPath feature of OpenSSH, which allows you to use a single SSH connection to run multiple terminals. As I often use SSH to use port forwarding to get encrypted and authenticated VNC sessions I instantly recognized that you can't add port forwardings to a remote server to which you already have an established connection. This sucks. Sometimes later I found out that you can circumvent this limitation by typing ~C in a running SSH terminal session. This opens up a command-line which allows you to add or remove port forwardings. My quesion now is: How can I add port forwardings on an existing SSH session which is using the ControlMaster/ControlPath feature, without the need to have access to a terminal session inside that SSH session. I need this to enable my script which starts a secure tunneled VNC connection for me to add and later remove its port forwardings. (I know I could use a terminal multiplexer such as GNU Screen or tmux, actually I'm doing this already. But I like the idea of using just one SSH session for serveral reasons.)

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