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• Campus Network Design - Firewalls

  - by user3081239

  I am designing a campus network, and the design looks like this: LINX is The London Internet Exchange and JANET is Joint Academic Network. My goal is an almost-fully redundant with high availability, because it will have to support about 15k people, including academic staff, administrative staff and students. I have read some documents in the process , but I am still not sure about some aspects. I want to dedicate this one to firewalls: what are the driving factors in deciding to employ a dedicated firewall, instead of an embedded firewall in the border router? From what I can see, an embedded firewall has these advantages: Easier to maintain Better integration One less hop Less space requirement Cheaper Dedicated firewall has the advantage of being modular. Is there anything else? What am I missing?

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• High CPU from httpd process

  - by KHWeb

  I am currently getting high CPU on a server that is just running a couple of sites with very low traffic. One of the sites is in still development going live soon. However, this site is very very slow...When browsing through its pages I can see that the CPU goes from 30% to 100% for httpd (see top output below). I have tuned httpd & MySQL, Apache Solr, Tomcat for high performance, and I am using APC. Not sure what to do from here or how to find the culprit as I have a bunch of messages on the httpd log and have been chasing dead ends for some time...any help is greatly appreciated. Server: AuthenticAMD, Quad-Core AMD Opteron(tm) Processor 2352, RAM 16GB Linux 2.6.27 64-bit, Centos 5.5 Plesk 9.5.4, MySQL 5.1.48, PHP 5.2.17 Apache/2.2.3 (CentOS) DAV/2 mod_jk/1.2.15 mod_ssl/2.2.3 OpenSSL/0.9.8e-fips-rhel5 PHP/5.2.17 mod_perl/2.0.4 Perl/v5.8.8 Tomcat6-6.0.29-1.jpp5, Tomcat-native-1.1.20-1.el5, Apache Solr top 17595 apache 20 0 1825m 507m 10m R 100.4 3.2 0:17.50 httpd 17596 apache 20 0 1565m 247m 9936 R 83.1 1.5 0:10.86 httpd 17598 apache 20 0 1430m 110m 6472 S 54.5 0.7 0:08.66 httpd 17599 apache 20 0 1438m 124m 12m S 37.2 0.8 0:11.20 httpd 16197 mysql 20 0 13.0g 2.0g 5440 S 9.6 12.6 297:12.79 mysqld 17617 root 20 0 12748 1172 812 R 0.7 0.0 0:00.88 top 8169 tomcat 20 0 4613m 268m 6056 S 0.3 1.7 6:40.56 java httpd error_log [debug] prefork.c(991): AcceptMutex: sysvsem (default: sysvsem) [info] mod_fcgid: Process manager 17593 started [debug] proxy_util.c(1854): proxy: grabbed scoreboard slot 0 in child 17594 for worker proxy:reverse [debug] proxy_util.c(1967): proxy: initialized single connection worker 0 in child 17594 for (*) [debug] proxy_util.c(1854): proxy: grabbed scoreboard slot 0 in child 17595 for worker proxy:reverse [debug] proxy_util.c(1873): proxy: worker proxy:reverse already initialized [notice] child pid 22782 exit signal Segmentation fault (11) [error] (43)Identifier removed: apr_global_mutex_lock(jk_log_lock) failed [debug] util_ldap.c(2021): LDAP merging Shared Cache conf: shm=0x7fd29a5478c0 rmm=0x7fd29a547918 for VHOST: example.com [info] APR LDAP: Built with OpenLDAP LDAP SDK [info] LDAP: SSL support available [info] Init: Seeding PRNG with 256 bytes of entropy [info] Init: Generating temporary RSA private keys (512/1024 bits) [info] Init: Generating temporary DH parameters (512/1024 bits) [debug] ssl_scache_shmcb.c(374): shmcb_init allocated 512000 bytes of shared memory [debug] ssl_scache_shmcb.c(554): entered shmcb_init_memory() [debug] ssl_scache_shmcb.c(576): for 512000 bytes, recommending 4265 indexes [debug] ssl_scache_shmcb.c(619): shmcb_init_memory choices follow [debug] ssl_scache_shmcb.c(621): division_mask = 0x1F [debug] ssl_scache_shmcb.c(623): division_offset = 96 [debug] ssl_scache_shmcb.c(625): division_size = 15997 [debug] ssl_scache_shmcb.c(627): queue_size = 2136 [debug] ssl_scache_shmcb.c(629): index_num = 133 [debug] ssl_scache_shmcb.c(631): index_offset = 8 [debug] ssl_scache_shmcb.c(633): index_size = 16 [debug] ssl_scache_shmcb.c(635): cache_data_offset = 8 [debug] ssl_scache_shmcb.c(637): cache_data_size = 13853 [debug] ssl_scache_shmcb.c(650): leaving shmcb_init_memory()

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• Suggestions for programming language and database for a high end database querying system (>50 milli

  - by mmdave

  These requirements are sketchy at the moment, but will appreciate any insights. We are exploring what would be required to build a system that can handle 50 database million queries a day - specifiically from the programming language and database choice Its not a typical website, but an API / database accessing through the internet. Speed is critical. The application will primarily receive these inputs (about a few kb each) and will have to address each of them via the database lookup. Only a few kb will be returned. The server will be run over https/ssl.

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• HAProxy -- pause/queue all traffic without losing requests

  - by Marc

  I basically have the same problem as mentioned in this thread -- I would like to temporarily suspend all requests to all servers of a certain backend, so that I can upgrade the backend and the database it uses. Since this is a live system, I would like to queue up requests, and send them to the backend servers once they've been upgraded. Since I'm doing a database upgrade with the code change, I have to upgrade all backend servers simultaneously, so I can't just bring one down at a time. I tried using the tcp-request options combined with removing the static healthcheck file as mentioned in that thread, but had no luck. Setting the default "maxconn" value to 0 seems to pause and queue connections as desired, but then there seems to be no way to increase the value back to a positive number without restarting HAProxy, which kills all requests that had been queued up until that point. (The "hot-reconfiguration" options using -sf and -st start a new process, which doesn't seem to do what I want). Is what I'm trying to do possible?

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• HTTPS Stunnel and Haproxy

  - by panalbish

  I am trying to use stunnel infront of Haproxy for SSL support. SSL certificates are located according to stunnel configuration. I am also able to get the https connection, but every time I use https, session get lost. I am not using tomcat 8443 port to get the secure content. Is is possible to get the https connection only using stunnel and haproxy? And my requirement is to have https connection once user get logged in.

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• NLB 2 Windows Server 2003 Servers

  - by Paul Hinett

  I need to configure windows NLB on 2 dedicated servers I have. My main machine has been running for some time, with several domain names pointing to the servers primary IP address. Both servers have 2 NIC's installed, and both have several secondary public IP addresses available if needed? What IP address would I use for the cluster IP, does this IP need to be added to the IP list of both public NIC's ip address list? What IP addresses do I use for the host's dedicated IP? Please help, this is driving me nuts...i've taken down the server twice on accident today! Thank you in advance!

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• HAProxy: session stickiness triggered by response header possible?

  - by zoli

  I'm investigating HAProxy as a possible replacement for F5. F5 is capable of persisting a session based on a response header value: when HTTP_RESPONSE { set session [HTTP::header X-Session] if {$session ne ""} { persist add uie $session } } and then route all subsequent requests which contain the same session ID in a header, query parameter, path, etc. to the same machine, eg: when HTTP_REQUEST { set session [findstr [HTTP::path] "/session/" 9 / if {$session} { persist uie $session } } I'm wondering if this is even possible to do with HAProxy?

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• QoS / PBR Routing Questions

  - by Bernard

  I have a 50Mbs Satellite link and a 10Mbs Microwave link supplying a very remote location. Behind these links, I have a 6,400 seat network - with about 3,000 signed in at any one time. My goal is to send all of the Voip traffic (Google Chat, Magic Jack, Skype, Speakeasy, Vonage, Vonage PC, Yahoo) through the microwave link which has 100ms latency. The rest of the traffic can utilize any remaining bandwidth of the microwave link with excess being diverted to the higher latency (600ms) satellite connection. The problem I've had so far is that most automatic routing configurations weigh the bandwidth heavily for preference - and I'm only wanting latency considered. Additionally, I don't know if this can even be handled with the routing hardware I have at my disposal (Cisco 3640, 3745, & 3845). Any recommendations (or really good starting points) would be greatly appreciated.

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• Limit Apache 2 Memory Usage

  - by UltraNurd

  I am running a hobby webserver off of an ancient Blue & White G3/300 running Debian PPC Squeeze 2.6.30. The performance is okay for a while after a restart, but it eventually gets more and more bogged down. Right now it's at 76 days uptime, and the main culprit seems to be the memory usage of 10+ apache2 processes. I think I need to lower the values for StartServers, MinSpareServers, and/or MaxSpareServers, but I'm not sure which one to adjust, and there are three sections for each depending on which mpm module is in use. How do I tell which of the following sections I need to change, and what are some reasonable values given that the box has 448 MB physical memory (weird upgrade history of one each 64, 128, and 256 sticks)? <IfModule mpm_prefork_module> StartServers 5 MinSpareServers 5 MaxSpareServers 10 MaxClients 150 MaxRequestsPerChild 0 </IfModule> <IfModule mpm_worker_module> StartServers 2 MinSpareThreads 25 MaxSpareThreads 75 ThreadLimit 64 ThreadsPerChild 25 MaxClients 150 MaxRequestsPerChild 0 </IfModule> <IfModule mpm_event_module> StartServers 2 MaxClients 150 MinSpareThreads 25 MaxSpareThreads 75 ThreadLimit 64 ThreadsPerChild 25 MaxRequestsPerChild 0 </IfModule> There aren't any other instances of StartServers in my apache2.conf, but none of those mpm modules appear in mods-available or mods-enabled. Ideas? Thanks!

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• HAProxy authenticated httpchk (health check)

  - by Markel

  I am using HAProxy on EC2 and using httpchk to manage node availability. I had used a pseudo-unique path as the health check route in an attempt to make sure only my servers responded to the health check. Earlier today I had an EC2 server fall out of existence, and before the haproxy config was auto-regenerated (controller issues), Amazon had reassigned the IP to someone whom 200's every request (honeypot?), my HAProxy host then pulled the server back into rotation and started distributing some of my traffic there until the controller recovered and removed the ip from the list. TLDR; Is there a way to add a server authentication method to HAProxy's httpchk?

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• F5/BigIP rule to redirect affinity-bound users from INACTIVE pool node to other ACTIVE node

  - by j pimmel

  We have several server nodes set up for the end users of our system and because we don't use any kind of session replication in the app servers, F5 maintains affinity for users with the ACTIVE node the client was first bound to. At times when we want to re-deploy the app, we change the F5 config and take a node out of the ACTIVE pool. Gradually the users filter off and we can deploy, but the process is a bit slow. We can't just dump all the users into a different node because - given the update heavy nature of the user activities - we could cause them to lose changes. That said, there is one URL/endpoint - call it http://site/product/list - which we know, when the client hits it, that we could shove them off the INACTIVE node they had affinity with and onto a different ACTIVE node. We have had a few tries writing an F5 rule along these lines, but haven't had much success so i thought I might ask here, assuming it's possible - I have no reason to think it's not based on what we have found so far.

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• PXE booting LACP hosts on Force10 S50N with FTOS

  - by lolwutreddit

  Hardware: S50N Firmware: FTOS 8.4.2.6 Problem: We're trying to PXE boot some servers that are connected via port-channel interfaces with LACP. Current Work-around: we PXE boot a server with a single interface (eth0), and then use a Perl script to turn up the port-channel interfaces after the server is built. Details: Is anyone doing anything similar on Force10 S50 switches with FTOS? If not, is anyone doing this on another S series, or larger chassis-based Force10? I'm wondering if Native VLAN will solve this, since ports in a port-channel cannot explicitly have a VLAN set, and they don't seem to use the tagged or untagged VLAN that the port channel is in. I will confirm this next (I think it's the only thing I haven't tried) Juniper Example: http://broken.net/openindiana/how-to-pxe-boot-systems-on-lacp-using-juniper-switches/ Cisco: there are plenty of documented ways to solve this issue on IOS and Nexus Update/Edit: since there seems to be no way to use interface or port-channel mode commands to get the individual interfaces to show up in spanning-tree (rtsp in this case), the ports should never go into a forwarding state. I'm not going to mess with it anymore unless a) someone that has experience passes it on, or b) Force10 comes up with a solution for this (I'm guessing it will only be introduced on other S platforms (S55, S60), since the S50 seems to be near EOL). I'm basing that on the fact that the Open Automation type features are only being supported on the newer switches.

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• Django Dying on Shared Hosting Environment (Too Many MySQL Connections)

  - by Tom

  I've had a Django site up and running on HostGator (client requirement), following these instructions, for a few weeks now. I had seen two error emails about pages dying with (1040: Too many MySQL connections) but had never been able to recreate the problem. As of today, the site is completely unresponsive and all pages, even the static files, are dying with that error. Two questions: What can I do to fix this (other than caching more stuff)? Why would static files be dying like that? I can request them directly without a problem, so how are they getting run through Django? The shared hosting setup doesn't allow for a <Location> block, but there's a flag in the rewrite rule that says only requests for files that don't exist in the filesystem should be processed. All of my static files exist on the system, though they are symbolically linked files if it matters.

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• What's hogging my CPU?

  - by endolith

  Ubuntu's System Monitor applet shows 100% CPU usage continuously. If I click it, the resources tab shows it at 100% continuously, too. If I go to processes, though, to find out which process is the culprit, there is nothing above 10%. If I run top there is nothing above 10%. I try killing lots of things, but it continues at 100%. How can I find out what's hogging the CPU? This is an unusual situation on a computer I use daily, that normally only hits 100% CPU when I'm doing something that requires it (like loading 32 Firefox tabs) after which it goes back to a normal idle level. It's not a new install or anything. It shouldn't be maxed out. I'm not sure when it started or if I changed something that caused it to happen. Normally I would use top or System Monitor and find the process that had gone out of control, but I can't find anything with those tools this time. It persists after reboots and everything. And the processor is obviously hot, so it's not an erroneous reading. Update: I tried killing any process I saw active again, and killing vino-server finally fixed the problem, even though it never went above 5%. I had enabled Remote Desktop a few days ago (and have obviously now disabled it). How did it manage to use 100% CPU while top only showed it as 5% or so? How do I identify the culprit in the future? Looks like I'm not the only one: Still a problem in both jaunty & karmic. Interestingly, both System Monitor & htop do not show the sum of individual processes being anywhere near 100% cpu.

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• apache2 mod_proxy configuration for single threaded servers

  - by The Doctor What

  I have a multiple instances of thin running behind apache 2.2's mod_proxy. The problem I have is that a couple pages, by design, take a while to run. If I just configure apache the obvious way (just add the thin urls as BalanceMember lines and no other configurations) then what happens is if someone clicks on the long-running page, then if enough web requests happen while it is running, someone eventually gets the same thin server and has to wait. Does anyone have some best practices or suggested configuration for mod_proxy and thin? Ciao!

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• Should I use an ssl terminator or just haproxy?

  - by Justin Meltzer

  I'm trying to figure out how to set up my architecture for a socket.io app that will require both https and wss connections. I've found many tutorials on the web suggesting that you use something like stud or stunnel in front of haproxy, which then routes your unencrypted traffic to your app. If I were to go this route, is it suggested that haproxy and the ssl terminator be on separate instances, or is it fine if they are on the same EC2 server instance? If I do not want to use a separate ssl terminator, could I use haproxy to terminate the ssl? Or instead would it be possible to proxy these https and wss connections to my application and have the node app terminate the ssl itself?

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• How to storing all static media files of a website with heavy traffic?

  - by Mickey Shine

  I heard of some, like distributed file system (Gluster, Moose). And are there any better ideas out there that I am not aware of?

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• How do I set up failover for a single web server using two ISPs?

  - by Travis

  I have one web server and two WAN connections (1 cable, 1 DSL). DNS is run offsite, and points to the IP address assigned by one of the ISPs. How can I have the second connection take over when the primary one fails? I have seen that it is possible to have two A records, each pointing to a different IP, but it has several problems. What's the real solution to this? I imagine this is a very common issue. Thanks in advance!

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• HAProxy - forward to a different web server based on URI

  - by Saggi Malachi

  I have an HTTP farm with the following configuration: listen webfarm 10.254.23.225:80 mode http balance roundrobin cookie SERVERID insert option httpclose option forwardfor option httpchk HEAD /check.txt HTTP/1.0 server webA 10.254.23.4:80 cookie A check server webB 10.248.23.128:80 cookie B check I would like to add some option which would forward all requests for a specific URI (i.e /special) to a 3rd web server. How should I do it?

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• How to store all static media files of a website with heavy traffic?

  - by Mickey Shine

  I heard of some distributed file systems like Gluster and Moose. Are there any better ideas out there that I am not aware of?

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• How many requests should my apache server be able to take?

  - by Kyle

  So I just got a nice new VPS service. I was wondering what a good number of 'MaxClients' would be, for a server that will host a personal website, some blogs, etc, and your experiences with one server maxclients stuff! The default of Ubu server is 150.

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• IIS7 defaulting to default.php instead of default.aspx

  - by emzero

  Hi guys. My client has just got a new dedicated server running Win2008 (we had 2003 before), II7, etc. I started setting a little ASP.NET 2.0 web application we have. Running on its own AppPool 2.0. The problem is that when I browse the site root (locally or remotely), I get 404 because the url now points to http://domain/default.php, when it should be default.aspx. Yes, I've checked the Defaults Documents settins for the website and I deleted everything but default.aspx (default.php was not even listed). To finish, I'll say that if I navigate to http://domain/default.aspx, the site works perfectly and I can follow links without problem. Any idea why is this happening? Or at least where I should start looking? Thanks!

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• Bridged NIC's but only one active

  - by rockinthesixstring

  I've "Bridged" the NIC's in my Server 2003 box but when I do a large file transfer, I see that only one is active at a time. What do I need to do to spread the love across both NIC's? I'm hoping to increase transfer speeds from my Server to my network. PS: I have a D-Link DGS-1016D Switch.

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• SHould i buy Thermal binder or spiral binder [closed]

  - by Mirage

  i need to print a lot of dcuments and the problem i come up with is the stapling all the pages. I thought i should buy a binder which can releive me a lot. I am confused whether i should buy thermal binder or spiral binder. Money is not any problem but i want the long term use. How reliable is the thermal binder? I think spiral binder can last very long as its pure mechanical ANy suggesstions

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• F5 BigIP upgrade from 9.x to 10.x

  - by mbuk2k

  Having a few difficulties upgrading a Big IP 3400 from 9.4.8 to any version 10.x image. The following are the versions I've tried: 10.1.0.3341.0 10.2.2.763.3 10.2.3.112.0 10.2.4.577.0 To upgrade I'm running the following command: image2disk --format=volumes BIGIP-10.1.0.3341.0.iso Obviously replacing the version number with the relevant image I'm trying to upgrade to each time. The F5 reboots, and starts copying packages however after 30 seconds or so just stops copying. The cursor in the console is still flashing but no matter how long it's left, the package doesn't copy. It seems to be a different package with each version/image (but always the same package per version) at point of freezing, which I'm guessing is suggesting a space issue? I've checked free space on the device and it has over 2GB free at root which should surely be enough? If anyone has any advice or pointers, it would be kindly appreciated. Thank you

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