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• Unable to logon to vpn

  - by nitin pande

  My openvpn client log file- The interesting bit: Tue Oct 26 12:32:49 2010 TLS Error: cannot locate HMAC in incoming packet from 67.228.223.12:3389 Tue Oct 26 12:32:49 2010 Fatal TLS error (check_tls_errors_co), restarting Tue Oct 26 12:32:49 2010 TCP/UDP: Closing socket The rest of the log just in case: Tue Oct 26 12:32:35 2010 OpenVPN 2.0.9 Win32-MinGW [SSL] [LZO] built on Oct 1 2006 Tue Oct 26 12:32:48 2010 IMPORTANT: OpenVPN's default port number is now 1194, based on an official port number assignment by IANA. OpenVPN 2.0-beta16 and earlier used 5000 as the default port. Tue Oct 26 12:32:48 2010 Control Channel Authentication: using 'ta.key' as a OpenVPN static key file Tue Oct 26 12:32:48 2010 Outgoing Control Channel Authentication: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Tue Oct 26 12:32:48 2010 Incoming Control Channel Authentication: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Tue Oct 26 12:32:48 2010 LZO compression initialized Tue Oct 26 12:32:48 2010 Control Channel MTU parms [ L:1544 D:168 EF:68 EB:0 ET:0 EL:0 ] Tue Oct 26 12:32:48 2010 Data Channel MTU parms [ L:1544 D:1450 EF:44 EB:135 ET:0 EL:0 AF:3/1 ] Tue Oct 26 12:32:48 2010 Local Options hash (VER=V4): 'ee93268d' Tue Oct 26 12:32:48 2010 Expected Remote Options hash (VER=V4): 'bd577cd1' Tue Oct 26 12:32:48 2010 Attempting to establish TCP connection with 67.228.223.12:3389 Tue Oct 26 12:32:48 2010 TCP connection established with 67.228.223.12:3389 Tue Oct 26 12:32:48 2010 TCPv4_CLIENT link local: [undef] Tue Oct 26 12:32:48 2010 TCPv4_CLIENT link remote: 67.228.223.12:3389 Tue Oct 26 12:32:49 2010 TLS: Initial packet from 67.228.223.12:3389, sid=bd5f79fe 8475497f Tue Oct 26 12:32:49 2010 TLS Error: cannot locate HMAC in incoming packet from 67.228.223.12:3389 Tue Oct 26 12:32:49 2010 Fatal TLS error (check_tls_errors_co), restarting Tue Oct 26 12:32:49 2010 TCP/UDP: Closing socket Tue Oct 26 12:32:49 2010 SIGUSR1[soft,tls-error] received, process restarting Tue Oct 26 12:32:49 2010 Restart pause, 5 second(s) Tue Oct 26 12:32:54 2010 IMPORTANT: OpenVPN's default port number is now 1194, based on an official port number assignment by IANA. OpenVPN 2.0-beta16 and earlier used 5000 as the default port. Tue Oct 26 12:32:54 2010 Re-using SSL/TLS context Tue Oct 26 12:32:54 2010 LZO compression initialized Tue Oct 26 12:32:54 2010 Control Channel MTU parms [ L:1544 D:168 EF:68 EB:0 ET:0 EL:0 ] Tue Oct 26 12:32:54 2010 Data Channel MTU parms [ L:1544 D:1450 EF:44 EB:135 ET:0 EL:0 AF:3/1 ] Tue Oct 26 12:32:54 2010 Local Options hash (VER=V4): 'ee93268d' Tue Oct 26 12:32:54 2010 Expected Remote Options hash (VER=V4): 'bd577cd1' Tue Oct 26 12:32:54 2010 Attempting to establish TCP connection with 67.228.223.12:3389 Tue Oct 26 12:32:54 2010 TCP connection established with 67.228.223.12:3389 Tue Oct 26 12:32:54 2010 TCPv4_CLIENT link local: [undef] Tue Oct 26 12:32:54 2010 TCPv4_CLIENT link remote: 67.228.223.12:3389 Tue Oct 26 12:32:54 2010 TLS: Initial packet from 67.228.223.12:3389, sid=1643b931 ce240d5f Tue Oct 26 12:32:54 2010 TLS Error: cannot locate HMAC in incoming packet from 67.228.223.12:3389 Tue Oct 26 12:32:54 2010 Fatal TLS error (check_tls_errors_co), restarting Tue Oct 26 12:32:54 2010 TCP/UDP: Closing socket Tue Oct 26 12:32:54 2010 SIGUSR1[soft,tls-error] received, process restarting Tue Oct 26 12:32:54 2010 Restart pause, 5 second(s) Tue Oct 26 12:32:59 2010 IMPORTANT: OpenVPN's default port number is now 1194, based on an official port number assignment by IANA. OpenVPN 2.0-beta16 and earlier used 5000 as the default port. Tue Oct 26 12:32:59 2010 Re-using SSL/TLS context Tue Oct 26 12:32:59 2010 LZO compression initialized Tue Oct 26 12:32:59 2010 Control Channel MTU parms [ L:1544 D:168 EF:68 EB:0 ET:0 EL:0 ] Tue Oct 26 12:32:59 2010 Data Channel MTU parms [ L:1544 D:1450 EF:44 EB:135 ET:0 EL:0 AF:3/1 ] Tue Oct 26 12:32:59 2010 Local Options hash (VER=V4): 'ee93268d' Tue Oct 26 12:32:59 2010 Expected Remote Options hash (VER=V4): 'bd577cd1' Tue Oct 26 12:32:59 2010 Attempting to establish TCP connection with 67.228.223.12:3389 Tue Oct 26 12:33:00 2010 TCP connection established with 67.228.223.12:3389 Tue Oct 26 12:33:00 2010 TCPv4_CLIENT link local: [undef] Tue Oct 26 12:33:00 2010 TCPv4_CLIENT link remote: 67.228.223.12:3389 Tue Oct 26 12:33:00 2010 TLS: Initial packet from 67.228.223.12:3389, sid=cd439fb2 d625ca0d Tue Oct 26 12:33:00 2010 TLS Error: cannot locate HMAC in incoming packet from 67.228.223.12:3389 Tue Oct 26 12:33:00 2010 Fatal TLS error (check_tls_errors_co), restarting Tue Oct 26 12:33:00 2010 TCP/UDP: Closing socket Tue Oct 26 12:33:00 2010 SIGUSR1[soft,tls-error] received, process restarting Tue Oct 26 12:33:00 2010 Restart pause, 5 second(s) Tue Oct 26 12:33:05 2010 IMPORTANT: OpenVPN's default port number is now 1194, based on an official port number assignment by IANA. OpenVPN 2.0-beta16 and earlier used 5000 as the default port. Tue Oct 26 12:33:05 2010 Re-using SSL/TLS context Tue Oct 26 12:33:05 2010 LZO compression initialized Tue Oct 26 12:33:05 2010 Control Channel MTU parms [ L:1544 D:168 EF:68 EB:0 ET:0 EL:0 ] Tue Oct 26 12:33:05 2010 Data Channel MTU parms [ L:1544 D:1450 EF:44 EB:135 ET:0 EL:0 AF:3/1 ] Tue Oct 26 12:33:05 2010 Local Options hash (VER=V4): 'ee93268d' Tue Oct 26 12:33:05 2010 Expected Remote Options hash (VER=V4): 'bd577cd1' Tue Oct 26 12:33:05 2010 Attempting to establish TCP connection with 67.228.223.12:3389 Tue Oct 26 12:33:06 2010 TCP connection established with 67.228.223.12:3389 Tue Oct 26 12:33:06 2010 TCPv4_CLIENT link local: [undef] Tue Oct 26 12:33:06 2010 TCPv4_CLIENT link remote: 67.228.223.12:3389 Tue Oct 26 12:33:06 2010 TLS: Initial packet from 67.228.223.12:3389, sid=28f0cb87 69c90cde Tue Oct 26 12:33:06 2010 TLS Error: cannot locate HMAC in incoming packet from 67.228.223.12:3389 Tue Oct 26 12:33:06 2010 Fatal TLS error (check_tls_errors_co), restarting Tue Oct 26 12:33:06 2010 TCP/UDP: Closing socket Tue Oct 26 12:33:06 2010 SIGUSR1[soft,tls-error] received, process restarting Tue Oct 26 12:33:06 2010 Restart pause, 5 second(s) Tue Oct 26 12:33:11 2010 IMPORTANT: OpenVPN's default port number is now 1194, based on an official port number assignment by IANA. OpenVPN 2.0-beta16 and earlier used 5000 as the default port. Tue Oct 26 12:33:11 2010 Re-using SSL/TLS context Tue Oct 26 12:33:11 2010 LZO compression initialized Tue Oct 26 12:33:11 2010 Control Channel MTU parms [ L:1544 D:168 EF:68 EB:0 ET:0 EL:0 ] Tue Oct 26 12:33:11 2010 Data Channel MTU parms [ L:1544 D:1450 EF:44 EB:135 ET:0 EL:0 AF:3/1 ] Tue Oct 26 12:33:11 2010 Local Options hash (VER=V4): 'ee93268d' Tue Oct 26 12:33:11 2010 Expected Remote Options hash (VER=V4): 'bd577cd1' Tue Oct 26 12:33:11 2010 Attempting to establish TCP connection with 67.228.223.12:3389 Tue Oct 26 12:33:11 2010 TCP connection established with 67.228.223.12:3389 Tue Oct 26 12:33:11 2010 TCPv4_CLIENT link local: [undef] Tue Oct 26 12:33:11 2010 TCPv4_CLIENT link remote: 67.228.223.12:3389 Tue Oct 26 12:33:12 2010 TLS: Initial packet from 67.228.223.12:3389, sid=128becf9 f62adf0c Tue Oct 26 12:33:12 2010 TLS Error: cannot locate HMAC in incoming packet from 67.228.223.12:3389 Tue Oct 26 12:33:12 2010 Fatal TLS error (check_tls_errors_co), restarting Tue Oct 26 12:33:12 2010 TCP/UDP: Closing socket Tue Oct 26 12:33:12 2010 SIGUSR1[soft,tls-error] received, process restarting Tue Oct 26 12:33:12 2010 Restart pause, 5 second(s) Tue Oct 26 12:33:17 2010 IMPORTANT: OpenVPN's default port number is now 1194, based on an official port number assignment by IANA. OpenVPN 2.0-beta16 and earlier used 5000 as the default port. Tue Oct 26 12:33:17 2010 Re-using SSL/TLS context Tue Oct 26 12:33:17 2010 LZO compression initialized Tue Oct 26 12:33:17 2010 Control Channel MTU parms [ L:1544 D:168 EF:68 EB:0 ET:0 EL:0 ] Tue Oct 26 12:33:17 2010 Data Channel MTU parms [ L:1544 D:1450 EF:44 EB:135 ET:0 EL:0 AF:3/1 ] Tue Oct 26 12:33:17 2010 Local Options hash (VER=V4): 'ee93268d' Tue Oct 26 12:33:17 2010 Expected Remote Options hash (VER=V4): 'bd577cd1' Tue Oct 26 12:33:17 2010 Attempting to establish TCP connection with 67.228.223.12:3389 Tue Oct 26 12:33:20 2010 TCP/UDP: Closing socket Tue Oct 26 12:33:20 2010 SIGTERM[hard,init_instance] received, process exiting Guys I am extremely sorry for not presenting my error Log properly, please forgive me and give me your valuable advice. I am using windows 7 and I am using openvpn mainly to bypass censorship at UAE. I am using only client config file. Ca.crt file is in config folder Thanks and regards Nitin My error Log with Config1 file Tue Oct 26 21:24:34 2010 OpenVPN 2.0.9 Win32-MinGW [SSL] [LZO] built on Oct 1 2006 Tue Oct 26 21:24:46 2010 IMPORTANT: OpenVPN's default port number is now 1194, based on an official port number assignment by IANA. OpenVPN 2.0-beta16 and earlier used 5000 as the default port. Tue Oct 26 21:24:46 2010 Control Channel Authentication: using 'ta.key' as a OpenVPN static key file Tue Oct 26 21:24:46 2010 Outgoing Control Channel Authentication: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Tue Oct 26 21:24:46 2010 Incoming Control Channel Authentication: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Tue Oct 26 21:24:46 2010 LZO compression initialized Tue Oct 26 21:24:46 2010 Control Channel MTU parms [ L:1544 D:168 EF:68 EB:0 ET:0 EL:0 ] Tue Oct 26 21:24:46 2010 Data Channel MTU parms [ L:1544 D:1450 EF:44 EB:135 ET:0 EL:0 AF:3/1 ] Tue Oct 26 21:24:46 2010 Local Options hash (VER=V4): 'ee93268d' Tue Oct 26 21:24:46 2010 Expected Remote Options hash (VER=V4): 'bd577cd1' Tue Oct 26 21:24:46 2010 Attempting to establish TCP connection with 67.228.223.12:3389 Tue Oct 26 21:24:47 2010 TCP connection established with 67.228.223.12:3389 Tue Oct 26 21:24:47 2010 TCPv4_CLIENT link local: [undef] Tue Oct 26 21:24:47 2010 TCPv4_CLIENT link remote: 67.228.223.12:3389 Tue Oct 26 21:24:47 2010 TLS: Initial packet from 67.228.223.12:3389, sid=4244e662 e5a0572a Tue Oct 26 21:24:47 2010 TLS Error: cannot locate HMAC in incoming packet from 67.228.223.12:3389 Tue Oct 26 21:24:47 2010 Fatal TLS error (check_tls_errors_co), restarting Tue Oct 26 21:24:47 2010 TCP/UDP: Closing socket Tue Oct 26 21:24:47 2010 SIGUSR1[soft,tls-error] received, process restarting client config file: client dev tun proto tcp remote openvpn1.flashvpn.com 3389 float resolv-retry infinite nobind persist-key persist-tun ca ca.crt ns-cert-type server tls-auth ta.key 1 comp-lzo verb 3 mute 20 auth-user-pass route-method exe route-delay 2

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• error: unexplained error (code 130) at rsync.c(541) [sender=3.0.7]

  - by brazorf

  This error: unexplained error (code 130) at rsync.c(541) [sender=3.0.7] error is happening after i changed router. Actually, i found out that this error just happens on a ctrl+c signal, so it could be not representative about the error itself. The command i run is very basic: rsync -avz --delete /local/path/ username@host:/path/to/remote/directory Basically, the rsync just stuck there and nothing's happening, until i ctrl+c. After interrupting the process i got the error in subject. I past the whole thing here: rsync -avvvvz --delete /source/path/ username@host:/path/to/direectory cmd=<NULL> machine=HOSTNAME user=username path=/path/to/direectory cmd[0]=ssh cmd[1]=-l cmd[2]=username cmd[3]=HOSTNAME cmd[4]=rsync cmd[5]=--server cmd[6]=-vvvvlogDtprze.iLsf cmd[7]=--delete cmd[8]=. cmd[9]=/path/to/direectory opening connection using: ssh -l username HOSTNAME rsync --server -vvvvlogDtprze.iLsf --delete . /path/to/direectory note: iconv_open("UTF-8", "UTF-8") succeeded. ^C[sender] _exit_cleanup(code=20, file=rsync.c, line=541): entered rsync error: unexplained error (code 130) at rsync.c(541) [sender=3.0.7] [sender] _exit_cleanup(code=20, file=rsync.c, line=541): about to call exit(130) The authentication runs on ssh via rsa key. I tried basic troubleshoot such as: ping the remote host ssh -l username remote.host check software firewall logs i asked the remote host sysadmin to check for logs, and when i run that command a ssh connection is actually being established and i can state there is no comunication/authentication/name resolution issue here. Rolling back to old router make this work again. Both client and server are running ubuntu 10.04. Try to take a look at my router configuration, where i'm no experienced at all, but i didnt see any "suspect" (what i was looking for is firewall blocking something) setting. The router itself is DLINK DVA-G3670B. Any suggestion? Thank You F.

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• Linux security: The dangers of executing malignant code as a standard user

  - by AndreasT

  Slipping some (non-root) user a piece of malignant code that he or she executes might be considered as one of the highest security breaches possible. (The only higher I can see is actually accessing the root user) What can an attacker effectively do when he/she gets a standard, (let's say a normal Ubuntu user) to execute code? Where would an attacker go from there? What would that piece of code do? Let's say that the user is not stupid enough to be lured into entering the root/sudo password into a form/program she doesn't know. Only software from trusted sources is installed. The way I see it there is not really much one could do, is there? Addition: I partially ask this because I am thinking of granting some people shell (non-root) access to my server. They should be able to have normal access to programs. I want them to be able to compile programs with gcc. So there will definitely be arbitrary code run in user-space...

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• Postfix connects to wrong relay?

  - by Eric

  I am trying to set up postfix on my ubuntu server in order to send emails via my isp's smtp server. I seem to have missed something because the mail.log tells me: Jan 19 11:23:11 mediaserver postfix/smtp[5722]: CD73EA05B7: to=<[email protected]>, relay=new.mailia.net[85.183.240.20]:25, delay=6.2, delays=5.7/0.02/0.5/0, dsn=4.7.0, status=deferred (SASL authentication failed; server new.mailia.net[85.183.240.20] said: 535 5.7.0 Error: authentication failed: ) The relay "new.mailia.net[85.183.240.20]:25" was not set up by me. I use "relayhost = smtp.alice.de". Why is postfix trying to connect to a different server? Here is my main.cf: # See /usr/share/postfix/main.cf.dist for a commented, more complete version # Debian specific: Specifying a file name will cause the first # line of that file to be used as the name. The Debian default # is /etc/mailname. #myorigin = /etc/mailname smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu) biff = no # appending .domain is the MUA's job. append_dot_mydomain = no # Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings #delay_warning_time = 4h readme_directory = no # TLS parameters smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key smtpd_use_tls=yes smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache # See /usr/share/doc/postfix/TLS_README.gz in the postfix-doc package for # information on enabling SSL in the smtp client. myhostname = mediaserver alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases mydestination = mediaserver, localhost.localdomain, , localhost relayhost = smtp.alice.de mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 mailbox_size_limit = 0 recipient_delimiter = + inet_interfaces = all myorigin = /etc/mailname inet_protocols = all sender_canonical_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/sender_canonical smtp_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtp_sasl_password_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/sasl_password smtp_sasl_security_options = noanonymous Output of postconf -n: alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases append_dot_mydomain = no biff = no config_directory = /etc/postfix inet_interfaces = all inet_protocols = ipv4 mailbox_size_limit = 0 mydestination = mediaserver, localhost.localdomain, , localhost myhostname = mediaserver mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 myorigin = /etc/mailname readme_directory = no recipient_delimiter = relayhost = smtp.alice.de sender_canonical_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/sender_canonical smtp_generic_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/generic smtp_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtp_sasl_password_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/sasl_password smtp_sasl_security_options = noanonymous smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu) smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtpd_use_tls = yes

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• Why does Perl's strict not let me pass a parameter hash?

  - by Thariama

  I hava a perl subroutine where i would like to pass parameters as a hash (the aim is to include a css depending on the parameter 'iconsize'). I am using the call: get_function_bar_begin('iconsize' => '32'); for the subroutine get_function_bar_begin: use strict; ... sub get_function_bar_begin { my $self = shift; my %template_params = %{ shift || {} }; return $self->render_template('global/bars /tmpl_incl_function_bar_begin.html',%template_params); } Why does this yield the error message: Error executing run mode 'start': undef error - Can't use string ("iconsize") as a HASH ref while "strict refs" in use at CheckBar.pm at line 334 Am i doing something wrong here? Is there an other way to submit my data ('iconsize') as a hash? (i am still new to Perl) EDIT: Solution which worked for me. I didn't change the call, but my function: sub get_function_bar_begin { my $self = shift; my $paramref = shift; my %params = (ref($paramref) eq 'HASH') ? %$paramref : (); my $iconsize = $params{'iconsize'} || ''; return $self->render_template('global/bars/tmpl_incl_function_bar_begin.html', { 'iconsize' => $iconsize, } ); }

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• Where can these be posted besides the Python Cookbook?

  - by Noctis Skytower

  Whitespace Assembler #! /usr/bin/env python """Assembler.py Compiles a program from "Assembly" folder into "Program" folder. Can be executed directly by double-click or on the command line. Give name of *.WSA file without extension (example: stack_calc).""" ################################################################################ __author__ = 'Stephen "Zero" Chappell <[email protected]>' __date__ = '14 March 2010' __version__ = '$Revision: 3 $' ################################################################################ import string from Interpreter import INS, MNEMONIC ################################################################################ def parse(code): program = [] process_virtual(program, code) process_control(program) return tuple(program) def process_virtual(program, code): for line, text in enumerate(code.split('\n')): if not text or text[0] == '#': continue if text.startswith('part '): parse_part(program, line, text[5:]) elif text.startswith(' '): parse_code(program, line, text[5:]) else: syntax_error(line) def syntax_error(line): raise SyntaxError('Line ' + str(line + 1)) ################################################################################ def process_control(program): parts = get_parts(program) names = dict(pair for pair in zip(parts, generate_index())) correct_control(program, names) def get_parts(program): parts = [] for ins in program: if isinstance(ins, tuple): ins, arg = ins if ins == INS.PART: if arg in parts: raise NameError('Part definition was found twice: ' + arg) parts.append(arg) return parts def generate_index(): index = 1 while True: yield index index *= -1 if index > 0: index += 1 def correct_control(program, names): for index, ins in enumerate(program): if isinstance(ins, tuple): ins, arg = ins if ins in HAS_LABEL: if arg not in names: raise NameError('Part definition was never found: ' + arg) program[index] = (ins, names[arg]) ################################################################################ def parse_part(program, line, text): if not valid_label(text): syntax_error(line) program.append((INS.PART, text)) def valid_label(text): if not between_quotes(text): return False label = text[1:-1] if not valid_name(label): return False return True def between_quotes(text): if len(text) < 3: return False if text.count('"') != 2: return False if text[0] != '"' or text[-1] != '"': return False return True def valid_name(label): valid_characters = string.ascii_letters + string.digits + '_' valid_set = frozenset(valid_characters) label_set = frozenset(label) if len(label_set - valid_set) != 0: return False return True ################################################################################ from Interpreter import HAS_LABEL, Program NO_ARGS = Program.NO_ARGS HAS_ARG = Program.HAS_ARG TWO_WAY = tuple(set(NO_ARGS) & set(HAS_ARG)) ################################################################################ def parse_code(program, line, text): for ins, word in enumerate(MNEMONIC): if text.startswith(word): check_code(program, line, text[len(word):], ins) break else: syntax_error(line) def check_code(program, line, text, ins): if ins in TWO_WAY: if text: number = parse_number(line, text) program.append((ins, number)) else: program.append(ins) elif ins in HAS_LABEL: text = parse_label(line, text) program.append((ins, text)) elif ins in HAS_ARG: number = parse_number(line, text) program.append((ins, number)) elif ins in NO_ARGS: if text: syntax_error(line) program.append(ins) else: syntax_error(line) def parse_label(line, text): if not text or text[0] != ' ': syntax_error(line) text = text[1:] if not valid_label(text): syntax_error(line) return text ################################################################################ def parse_number(line, text): if not valid_number(text): syntax_error(line) return int(text) def valid_number(text): if len(text) < 2: return False if text[0] != ' ': return False text = text[1:] if '+' in text and '-' in text: return False if '+' in text: if text.count('+') != 1: return False if text[0] != '+': return False text = text[1:] if not text: return False if '-' in text: if text.count('-') != 1: return False if text[0] != '-': return False text = text[1:] if not text: return False valid_set = frozenset(string.digits) value_set = frozenset(text) if len(value_set - valid_set) != 0: return False return True ################################################################################ ################################################################################ from Interpreter import partition_number VMC_2_TRI = { (INS.PUSH, True): (0, 0), (INS.COPY, False): (0, 2, 0), (INS.COPY, True): (0, 1, 0), (INS.SWAP, False): (0, 2, 1), (INS.AWAY, False): (0, 2, 2), (INS.AWAY, True): (0, 1, 2), (INS.ADD, False): (1, 0, 0, 0), (INS.SUB, False): (1, 0, 0, 1), (INS.MUL, False): (1, 0, 0, 2), (INS.DIV, False): (1, 0, 1, 0), (INS.MOD, False): (1, 0, 1, 1), (INS.SET, False): (1, 1, 0), (INS.GET, False): (1, 1, 1), (INS.PART, True): (2, 0, 0), (INS.CALL, True): (2, 0, 1), (INS.GOTO, True): (2, 0, 2), (INS.ZERO, True): (2, 1, 0), (INS.LESS, True): (2, 1, 1), (INS.BACK, False): (2, 1, 2), (INS.EXIT, False): (2, 2, 2), (INS.OCHR, False): (1, 2, 0, 0), (INS.OINT, False): (1, 2, 0, 1), (INS.ICHR, False): (1, 2, 1, 0), (INS.IINT, False): (1, 2, 1, 1) } ################################################################################ def to_trinary(program): trinary_code = [] for ins in program: if isinstance(ins, tuple): ins, arg = ins trinary_code.extend(VMC_2_TRI[(ins, True)]) trinary_code.extend(from_number(arg)) else: trinary_code.extend(VMC_2_TRI[(ins, False)]) return tuple(trinary_code) def from_number(arg): code = [int(arg < 0)] if arg: for bit in reversed(list(partition_number(abs(arg), 2))): code.append(bit) return code + [2] return code + [0, 2] to_ws = lambda trinary: ''.join(' \t\n'[index] for index in trinary) def compile_wsa(source): program = parse(source) trinary = to_trinary(program) ws_code = to_ws(trinary) return ws_code ################################################################################ ################################################################################ import os import sys import time import traceback def main(): name, source, command_line, error = get_source() if not error: start = time.clock() try: ws_code = compile_wsa(source) except: print('ERROR: File could not be compiled.\n') traceback.print_exc() error = True else: path = os.path.join('Programs', name + '.ws') try: open(path, 'w').write(ws_code) except IOError as err: print(err) error = True else: div, mod = divmod((time.clock() - start) * 1000, 1) args = int(div), '{:.3}'.format(mod)[1:] print('DONE: Comipled in {}{} ms'.format(*args)) handle_close(error, command_line) def get_source(): if len(sys.argv) > 1: command_line = True name = sys.argv[1] else: command_line = False try: name = input('Source File: ') except: return None, None, False, True print() path = os.path.join('Assembly', name + '.wsa') try: return name, open(path).read(), command_line, False except IOError as err: print(err) return None, None, command_line, True def handle_close(error, command_line): if error: usage = 'Usage: {} <assembly>'.format(os.path.basename(sys.argv[0])) print('\n{}\n{}'.format('-' * len(usage), usage)) if not command_line: time.sleep(10) ################################################################################ if __name__ == '__main__': main() Whitespace Helpers #! /usr/bin/env python """Helpers.py Includes a function to encode Python strings into my WSA format. Has a "PRINT_LINE" function that can be copied to a WSA program. Contains a "PRINT" function and documentation as an explanation.""" ################################################################################ __author__ = 'Stephen "Zero" Chappell <[email protected]>' __date__ = '14 March 2010' __version__ = '$Revision: 1 $' ################################################################################ def encode_string(string, addr): print(' push', addr) print(' push', len(string)) print(' set') addr += 1 for offset, character in enumerate(string): print(' push', addr + offset) print(' push', ord(character)) print(' set') ################################################################################ # Prints a string with newline. # push addr # call "PRINT_LINE" """ part "PRINT_LINE" call "PRINT" push 10 ochr back """ ################################################################################ # def print(array): # if len(array) <= 0: # return # offset = 1 # while len(array) - offset >= 0: # ptr = array.ptr + offset # putch(array[ptr]) # offset += 1 """ part "PRINT" # Line 1-2 copy get less "__PRINT_RET_1" copy get zero "__PRINT_RET_1" # Line 3 push 1 # Line 4 part "__PRINT_LOOP" copy copy 2 get swap sub less "__PRINT_RET_2" # Line 5 copy 1 copy 1 add # Line 6 get ochr # Line 7 push 1 add goto "__PRINT_LOOP" part "__PRINT_RET_2" away part "__PRINT_RET_1" away back """ Whitespace Interpreter #! /usr/bin/env python """Interpreter.py Runs programs in "Programs" and creates *.WSO files when needed. Can be executed directly by double-click or on the command line. If run on command line, add "ASM" flag to dump program assembly.""" ################################################################################ __author__ = 'Stephen "Zero" Chappell <[email protected]>' __date__ = '14 March 2010' __version__ = '$Revision: 4 $' ################################################################################ def test_file(path): disassemble(parse(trinary(load(path))), True) ################################################################################ load = lambda ws: ''.join(c for r in open(ws) for c in r if c in ' \t\n') trinary = lambda ws: tuple(' \t\n'.index(c) for c in ws) ################################################################################ def enum(names): names = names.replace(',', ' ').split() space = dict((reversed(pair) for pair in enumerate(names)), __slots__=()) return type('enum', (object,), space)() INS = enum('''\ PUSH, COPY, SWAP, AWAY, \ ADD, SUB, MUL, DIV, MOD, \ SET, GET, \ PART, CALL, GOTO, ZERO, LESS, BACK, EXIT, \ OCHR, OINT, ICHR, IINT''') ################################################################################ def parse(code): ins = iter(code).__next__ program = [] while True: try: imp = ins() except StopIteration: return tuple(program) if imp == 0: # [Space] parse_stack(ins, program) elif imp == 1: # [Tab] imp = ins() if imp == 0: # [Tab][Space] parse_math(ins, program) elif imp == 1: # [Tab][Tab] parse_heap(ins, program) else: # [Tab][Line] parse_io(ins, program) else: # [Line] parse_flow(ins, program) def parse_number(ins): sign = ins() if sign == 2: raise StopIteration() buffer = '' code = ins() if code == 2: raise StopIteration() while code != 2: buffer += str(code) code = ins() if sign == 1: return int(buffer, 2) * -1 return int(buffer, 2) ################################################################################ def parse_stack(ins, program): code = ins() if code == 0: # [Space] number = parse_number(ins) program.append((INS.PUSH, number)) elif code == 1: # [Tab] code = ins() number = parse_number(ins) if code == 0: # [Tab][Space] program.append((INS.COPY, number)) elif code == 1: # [Tab][Tab] raise StopIteration() else: # [Tab][Line] program.append((INS.AWAY, number)) else: # [Line] code = ins() if code == 0: # [Line][Space] program.append(INS.COPY) elif code == 1: # [Line][Tab] program.append(INS.SWAP) else: # [Line][Line] program.append(INS.AWAY) def parse_math(ins, program): code = ins() if code == 0: # [Space] code = ins() if code == 0: # [Space][Space] program.append(INS.ADD) elif code == 1: # [Space][Tab] program.append(INS.SUB) else: # [Space][Line] program.append(INS.MUL) elif code == 1: # [Tab] code = ins() if code == 0: # [Tab][Space] program.append(INS.DIV) elif code == 1: # [Tab][Tab] program.append(INS.MOD) else: # [Tab][Line] raise StopIteration() else: # [Line] raise StopIteration() def parse_heap(ins, program): code = ins() if code == 0: # [Space] program.append(INS.SET) elif code == 1: # [Tab] program.append(INS.GET) else: # [Line] raise StopIteration() def parse_io(ins, program): code = ins() if code == 0: # [Space] code = ins() if code == 0: # [Space][Space] program.append(INS.OCHR) elif code == 1: # [Space][Tab] program.append(INS.OINT) else: # [Space][Line] raise StopIteration() elif code == 1: # [Tab] code = ins() if code == 0: # [Tab][Space] program.append(INS.ICHR) elif code == 1: # [Tab][Tab] program.append(INS.IINT) else: # [Tab][Line] raise StopIteration() else: # [Line] raise StopIteration() def parse_flow(ins, program): code = ins() if code == 0: # [Space] code = ins() label = parse_number(ins) if code == 0: # [Space][Space] program.append((INS.PART, label)) elif code == 1: # [Space][Tab] program.append((INS.CALL, label)) else: # [Space][Line] program.append((INS.GOTO, label)) elif code == 1: # [Tab] code = ins() if code == 0: # [Tab][Space] label = parse_number(ins) program.append((INS.ZERO, label)) elif code == 1: # [Tab][Tab] label = parse_number(ins) program.append((INS.LESS, label)) else: # [Tab][Line] program.append(INS.BACK) else: # [Line] code = ins() if code == 2: # [Line][Line] program.append(INS.EXIT) else: # [Line][Space] or [Line][Tab] raise StopIteration() ################################################################################ MNEMONIC = '\ push copy swap away add sub mul div mod set get part \ call goto zero less back exit ochr oint ichr iint'.split() HAS_ARG = [getattr(INS, name) for name in 'PUSH COPY AWAY PART CALL GOTO ZERO LESS'.split()] HAS_LABEL = [getattr(INS, name) for name in 'PART CALL GOTO ZERO LESS'.split()] def disassemble(program, names=False): if names: names = create_names(program) for ins in program: if isinstance(ins, tuple): ins, arg = ins assert ins in HAS_ARG has_arg = True else: assert INS.PUSH <= ins <= INS.IINT has_arg = False if ins == INS.PART: if names: print(MNEMONIC[ins], '"' + names[arg] + '"') else: print(MNEMONIC[ins], arg) elif has_arg and ins in HAS_ARG: if ins in HAS_LABEL and names: assert arg in names print(' ' + MNEMONIC[ins], '"' + names[arg] + '"') else: print(' ' + MNEMONIC[ins], arg) else: print(' ' + MNEMONIC[ins]) ################################################################################ def create_names(program): names = {} number = 1 for ins in program: if isinstance(ins, tuple) and ins[0] == INS.PART: label = ins[1] assert label not in names names[label] = number_to_name(number) number += 1 return names def number_to_name(number): name = '' for offset in reversed(list(partition_number(number, 27))): if offset: name += chr(ord('A') + offset - 1) else: name += '_' return name def partition_number(number, base): div, mod = divmod(number, base) yield mod while div: div, mod = divmod(div, base) yield mod ################################################################################ CODE = (' \t\n', ' \n ', ' \t \t\n', ' \n\t', ' \n\n', ' \t\n \t\n', '\t ', '\t \t', '\t \n', '\t \t ', '\t \t\t', '\t\t ', '\t\t\t', '\n \t\n', '\n \t \t\n', '\n \n \t\n', '\n\t \t\n', '\n\t\t \t\n', '\n\t\n', '\n\n\n', '\t\n ', '\t\n \t', '\t\n\t ', '\t\n\t\t') EXAMPLE = ''.join(CODE) ################################################################################ NOTES = '''\ STACK ===== push number copy copy number swap away away number MATH ==== add sub mul div mod HEAP ==== set get FLOW ==== part label call label goto label zero label less label back exit I/O === ochr oint ichr iint''' ################################################################################ ################################################################################ class Stack: def __init__(self): self.__data = [] # Stack Operators def push(self, number): self.__data.append(number) def copy(self, number=None): if number is None: self.__data.append(self.__data[-1]) else: size = len(self.__data) index = size - number - 1 assert 0 <= index < size self.__data.append(self.__data[index]) def swap(self): self.__data[-2], self.__data[-1] = self.__data[-1], self.__data[-2] def away(self, number=None): if number is None: self.__data.pop() else: size = len(self.__data) index = size - number - 1 assert 0 <= index < size del self.__data[index:-1] # Math Operators def add(self): suffix = self.__data.pop() prefix = self.__data.pop() self.__data.append(prefix + suffix) def sub(self): suffix = self.__data.pop() prefix = self.__data.pop() self.__data.append(prefix - suffix) def mul(self): suffix = self.__data.pop() prefix = self.__data.pop() self.__data.append(prefix * suffix) def div(self): suffix = self.__data.pop() prefix = self.__data.pop() self.__data.append(prefix // suffix) def mod(self): suffix = self.__data.pop() prefix = self.__data.pop() self.__data.append(prefix % suffix) # Program Operator def pop(self): return self.__data.pop() ################################################################################ class Heap: def __init__(self): self.__data = {} def set_(self, addr, item): if item: self.__data[addr] = item elif addr in self.__data: del self.__data[addr] def get_(self, addr): return self.__data.get(addr, 0) ################################################################################ import os import zlib import msvcrt import pickle import string class CleanExit(Exception): pass NOP = lambda arg: None DEBUG_WHITESPACE = False ################################################################################ class Program: NO_ARGS = INS.COPY, INS.SWAP, INS.AWAY, INS.ADD, \ INS.SUB, INS.MUL, INS.DIV, INS.MOD, \ INS.SET, INS.GET, INS.BACK, INS.EXIT, \ INS.OCHR, INS.OINT, INS.ICHR, INS.IINT HAS_ARG = INS.PUSH, INS.COPY, INS.AWAY, INS.PART, \ INS.CALL, INS.GOTO, INS.ZERO, INS.LESS def __init__(self, code): self.__data = code self.__validate() self.__build_jump() self.__check_jump() self.__setup_exec() def __setup_exec(self): self.__iptr = 0 self.__stck = stack = Stack() self.__heap = Heap() self.__cast = [] self.__meth = (stack.push, stack.copy, stack.swap, stack.away, stack.add, stack.sub, stack.mul, stack.div, stack.mod, self.__set, self.__get, NOP, self.__call, self.__goto, self.__zero, self.__less, self.__back, self.__exit, self.__ochr, self.__oint, self.__ichr, self.__iint) def step(self): ins = self.__data[self.__iptr] self.__iptr += 1 if isinstance(ins, tuple): self.__meth[ins[0]](ins[1]) else: self.__meth[ins]() def run(self): while True: ins = self.__data[self.__iptr] self.__iptr += 1 if isinstance(ins, tuple): self.__meth[ins[0]](ins[1]) else: self.__meth[ins]() def __oint(self): for digit in str(self.__stck.pop()): msvcrt.putwch(digit) def __ichr(self): addr = self.__stck.pop() # Input Routine while msvcrt.kbhit(): msvcrt.getwch() while True: char = msvcrt.getwch() if char in '\x00\xE0': msvcrt.getwch() elif char in string.printable: char = char.replace('\r', '\n') msvcrt.putwch(char) break item = ord(char) # Storing Number self.__heap.set_(addr, item) def __iint(self): addr = self.__stck.pop() # Input Routine while msvcrt.kbhit(): msvcrt.getwch() buff = '' char = msvcrt.getwch() while char != '\r' or not buff: if char in '\x00\xE0': msvcrt.getwch() elif char in '+-' and not buff: msvcrt.putwch(char) buff += char elif '0' <= char <= '9': msvcrt.putwch(char) buff += char elif char == '\b': if buff: buff = buff[:-1] msvcrt.putwch(char) msvcrt.putwch(' ') msvcrt.putwch(char) char = msvcrt.getwch() msvcrt.putwch(char) msvcrt.putwch('\n') item = int(buff) # Storing Number self.__heap.set_(addr, item) def __goto(self, label): self.__iptr = self.__jump[label] def __zero(self, label): if self.__stck.pop() == 0: self.__iptr = self.__jump[label] def __less(self, label): if self.__stck.pop() < 0: self.__iptr = self.__jump[label] def __exit(self): self.__setup_exec() raise CleanExit() def __set(self): item = self.__stck.pop() addr = self.__stck.po

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• Mount Return Code for CIFS mount

  - by laikadad101

  When I run the following command (as root or via sudo) from a bash script I get an exit status (or return code in mount man page parlance) of 1: mount -v -t cifs //nasbox/volume /tmpdir/ --verbose -o credentials=/root/cifsid & /tmp/mylog It outputs the following into the myflog file: parsing options: rw,credentials=/root/cifsid mount.cifs kernel mount options unc=//nasbox\volume,ip=192.168.1.1,user=root,pass=xxxx,ver=1,rw,credentials=/root/cifsid It mounts the volume fine but returns the exit code (from the mount man page): 1 Incorrect invocation or permissions The standard Linux log files don't contain any error information. Hence, all seems to go well but I get an exit code of 1 instead of 0. Any ideas? The -v and --verbose options are just there for debugging this problem.

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• Save output and exit code of command to files on windows

  - by poncha

  I want to run a command and save its output and its exit code, in different files. Here's what i am doing: cmd.exe /C command 1> %TEMP%\output.log 2> %TEMP%\error.log && echo %ERRORLEVEL% > %TEMP%\status || echo %ERRORLEVEL% > %TEMP%\status If i don't do output redirection (into %TEMP%\output.log and/or %TEMP%\error.log), then exit code is saved just fine. However, when i run the line as shown above more than once (just get back to previous line in command prompt and rerun it), i get 0 in %TEMP%\status regardless of the real exit code. What am i missing? Or maybe there's a better way of doing this?

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• How does java permgen relate to code size

  - by brad

  I've been reading a lot about java memory management, garbage collecting et al and I'm trying to find the best settings for my limited memory (1.7g on a small ec2 instance) I'm wondering if there is a direct correlation between my code size and the permgen setting. According to sun: The permanent generation is special because it holds data needed by the virtual machine to describe objects that do not have an equivalence at the Java language level. For example objects describing classes and methods are stored in the permanent generation. To me this means that it's literally storing my class def'ns etc... Does this mean there is a direct correlation between my compiled code size and the permgen I should be setting? My whole app is about 40mb and i noticed we're using 256mb permgen. I'm thinking maybe we're using memory that could be better allocated to dynamic code like object instances etc...

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• libvirt + ESX (HTTP response code 400 for call to 'Login')

  - by Coops

  I'm trying to connect to a vSphere cluster using the information from the libvirt documentation. $ virsh -c "vpx://[email protected]/dc1/dc1-cluster-e01/dc1-vsphere-e04/?no_verify=1" Enter root's password for 10.51.4.11: error: internal error HTTP response code 400 for call to 'Login' error: failed to connect to the hypervisor I seem to be able to establish a connection, but it fails with a "HTTP code 400". If I provide the incorrect password it fails with a 'login credentials' error, so it looks like I am getting a connection, but it's failing for another reason. Wireshark is no help as it's all done over SSL/TLS. Any thoughts folks? UPDATE: 15:21 28/02/11 FYI - I'm running libvirt-0.8.3 (the Ubuntu package recompiled with the ESX flag enabled). When I put virsh into debug mode it returns this: [snip] Enter root's password for 10.51.4.11: 15:19:09.011: debug : do_open:1249 : driver 3 ESX returned ERROR 15:19:09.011: debug : virUnrefConnect:294 : unref connection 0x98aa8f8 1 15:19:09.011: debug : virReleaseConnect:249 : release connection 0x98aa8f8 error: internal error HTTP response code 400 for call to 'Login' error: failed to connect to the hypervisor

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• bash code in rc.local not excuting after bootup

  - by mrTomahawk

  Does anyone know why a system would not execute the script code within rc.local on bootup? I have a post configuration bash script that I want to run after the initial install of VMware ESX (Red Hat), and for some reason it doesn't seem to execute. I have the setup to log its start of execution and even its progress so that I can see how far it gets in case it fails at some point, but even when I look at that log, I am finding that didn't even started the execution of the script code. I already checked to see that script has execution permissions (755), what else should I be looking at? Here is the first few lines of my code: #!/bin/sh echo >> /tmp/configLog "" echo >> /tmp/configLog "Entering maintenance mode"

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• HOw to secure whm/cpanel centos server from javascript malacious code virus

  - by Master

  Recently my sites index.php code was replaced some malacious javascript virus code. I really don't know how did that entered into that page. Today when i tried to download that file via ftp then antivirus gave me the warning. So it means it was not entered from my computer. Is there any way to install some antivirus on VPS server with centos 5 , cpanel/whm so that those code should not be allowed to add. also what is mod_security . will it be helpful.

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• Where do you find the Bash source files of programs in Linux/Mac OSX?

  - by AndrewKS

  I am currently writing some convenience methods for my terminal in my bash_profile and am sure if what I am writing is "the best way". I figure a good way to verify whether what I'm doing is right or not would be to find some source code of more established programs and see how they do it. My question then is, where can I find this code on my Mac? An example is, with Macports installed, where is the source code that opens the port interactive console when I type nothing but "port" in my shell? (I added Linux in the title even though I am on a Mac because I assume the answer would be the same for both) Edit: The answer I am looking for is in terms of which directory relative to the programs will I find their unix scripts.

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• MySQL query works in Workbench but gives error code 63 from PHP

  - by smund3

  I am making a poll system with PHP/MySQL and have made created a MySQL user for the system to use. However, whenever I try to run a query from PHP as that user, I get error code 63, which after some Googleing I found out means: OS error code 63: Out of streams resources If I make the PHP script use an almighty user instead, everything works fine, so it looks like it has something to do with permissions. I am using a non-persistent connection. I have Googled a lot but I haven't found anything even slightly relevant to this issue. What could cause this error? EDIT: Now it actually started giving me a different error: OS error code 65: Package not installed ...all I did was revert the script to using the poll user instead of the almighty one.

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• Run single php code using multiple domains

  - by Acharya

  Hi all, I have a php code/site at xyz.com. Now I want to run the same site using multiple domains means when somebody open domain1.com, domain2.com ,domain4.com, so on urls, it should run the code/side that is at xyz.com I know one way to do this. I can host all these domains to the server where xyz.com is hosted so all domains will point to same peace of code/site. n above solution i need to hosted the domains manually. Is there any other way to do this as I want to add domains dynamically? Thanks in advance!

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• Domain provider for all Country Code TLDs?

  - by 8k_of_power

  I find it very disturbing to buy some domains from one domain provider than when I have to buy a Country Code TLD that is not supported, I have to buy from another domain provider, and thus ending up having multiple domain providers for all my domains. I have looked at Gandi and GoDaddy. They both lack some Country Code TLDs the other one has. Is there domain providers that has all (or almost all) Country Code TLDs? If not, how do you guys do to get all (or almost all) domains under in one place? Also, it would be good if someone could suggest some of the big players of domain providing besides Gandi and GoDaddy, cause I'm new to the international domain market (have only used a couple in Sweden).

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• Why have minimal user/handwritten code and do everything in XAML?

  - by Mrk Mnl

  I feel the MVVM community has become overzealous like the OO programmers in the 90's - it is a misnomer MVVM is synonymous with no code. From my closed StackOverflow question: Many times I come across posts here about someone trying to do the equivalent in XAML instead of code behind. Their only reason being they want to keep their code behind 'clean'. Correct me if I am wrong, but is not the case that: XAML is compiled too - into BAML - then at runtime has to be parsed into code anyway. XAML can potentially have more runtime bugs as they will not be picked up by the compiler at compile time - from incorrect spellings - these bugs are also harder to debug. There already is code behind - like it or not InitializeComponent(); has to be run and the .g.i.cs file it is in contains a bunch of code though it may be hidden. Is it purely psychological? I suspect it is developers who come from a web background and like markup as opposed to code. EDIT: I don't propose code behind instead of XAML - use both - I prefer to do my binding in XAML too - I am just against making every effort to avoid writing code behind esp in a WPF app - it should be a fusion of both to get the most out of it. UPDATE: Its not even Microsoft's idea, every example on MSDN shows how you can do it in both.

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• Can too much abstraction be bad?

  - by m3th0dman

  As programmers I feel that our goal is to provide good abstractions on the given domain model and business logic. But where should this abstraction stop? How to make the trade-off between abstraction and all it's benefits (flexibility, ease of changing etc.) and ease of understanding the code and all it's benefits. I believe I tend to write code overly abstracted and I don't know how good is it; I often tend to write it like it is some kind of a micro-framework, which consists of two parts: Micro-Modules which are hooked up in the micro-framework: these modules are easy to be understood, developed and maintained as single units. This code basically represents the code that actually does the functional stuff, described in requirements. Connecting code; now here I believe stands the problem. This code tends to be complicated because it is sometimes very abstracted and is hard to be understood at the beginning; this arises due to the fact that it is only pure abstraction, the base in reality and business logic being performed in the code presented 1; from this reason this code is not expected to be changed once tested. Is this a good approach at programming? That it, having changing code very fragmented in many modules and very easy to be understood and non-changing code very complex from the abstraction POV? Should all the code be uniformly complex (that is code 1 more complex and interlinked and code 2 more simple) so that anybody looking through it can understand it in a reasonable amount of time but change is expensive or the solution presented above is good, where "changing code" is very easy to be understood, debugged, changed and "linking code" is kind of difficult. Note: this is not about code readability! Both code at 1 and 2 is readable, but code at 2 comes with more complex abstractions while code 1 comes with simple abstractions.

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• How to embed multiple jQuery line of code in custom HtmlHelpers ASP.NET MVC

  - by embarus

  I 've tried to create my own HTML Helper which work fine for my need but I can't embed many lines of jQuery code in my extension HtmlHelpers class. I've tried @ literal for jQuery code I doesn't work or I need to escape every line of code that I thing I not good for multiple line of code. I don't know if there is another way to achieve this problem like << Therefore, I need to include jQuery plugin file and put implement script after HTML tag. I find it would be convenience if I could put every in HTML helper and put a single line of code in aspx page for example <%= Html.ParentChildSelectList(string parentName, string childName, IEnumerable parentViewData, IEnumerable childViewData, int parentSize, in childSize) % The following code is the way that I used now. the .aspx page Category model.CategoryID)% , new { size = 10 })% model.SubcategoryID,"subcategory") % model.SubcategoryID)% , new { size = 10 })% <script type="text/javascript"> jQuery.sarapadchang.parentChildSelectList( { parentId : "CategoryID" , childId : "SubcategoryID", actionName : "GetSubcategoryList", controllerName : "Json" } ); </script> I put in head tag to include ParentChildSelectList.js the following code for ParentChildSelectList.js (function($) { $.sarapadchang = { parentChildSelectList: function(options) { // $("#CategoryID option").click(function() $("#" + options.parentId).find("option").click(function() { $("#" + options.childId).empty(); //clear data $("#" + options.childId).append('<option>loading...</option>'); $.post("/" + options.controllerName + "/" + options.actionName + "/" + $(this).attr('value'), "", function(data) { var html = ""; $.each(data, function(index, entry) { html += '<option value="' + entry['Value'] + '">' + entry['Text'] + '</option>'; } ); $("#" + options.childId).empty() $("#" + options.childId).append(html); }, "json"); //end getJson }); })(jQuery); To illustrate you, I've attached simple solution, please follow this link. http://www.thaileaguefc.net/ParentChildSelectList.rar Please accept my apologies if my English is difficult to understand. I am looking forward to hearing from you. Your faithfully, Theeranit

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• Ruby: what is the pitfall in this simple code excerpt that tests variable existence

  - by zipizap

  I'm starting with Ruby, and while making some test samples, I've stumbled against an error in the code that I don't understand why it happens. The code pretends to tests if a variable finn is defined?() and if it is defined, then it increments it. If it isn't defined, then it will define it with value 0 (zero). As the code threw an error, I started to decompose it in small pieces and run it, to better trace where the error was comming from. The code was run in IRB irb 0.9.5(05/04/13), using ruby 1.9.1p378 First I certify that the variable finn is not yet defined, and all is ok: ?> finn NameError: undefined local variable or method `finn' for main:Object from (irb):134 from /home/paulo/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.1-p378/bin/irb:15:in `<main>' >> Then I certify that the following inline-condition executes as expected, and all is ok: ?> ((defined?(finn)) ? (finn+1):(0)) => 0 And now comes the code that throws the error: ?> finn=((defined?(finn)) ? (finn+1):(0)) NoMethodError: undefined method `+' for nil:NilClass from (irb):143 from /home/paulo/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.1-p378/bin/irb:15:in `<main>' I was expecting that the code would not throw any error, and that after executing the variable finn would be defined with a first value of 0 (zero). But instead, the code thows the error, and finn get defined but with a value of nil. >> finn => nil Where might the error come from?!? Why does the inline-condition work alone, but not when used for the finn assignment? Any help apreciated :)

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• searching for a programming platform with hot code swap

  - by Andreas

  I'm currently brainstorming over the idea how to upgrade a program while it is running. (Not while debugging, a "production" system.) But one thing that is required for it, is to actually submit the changed source code or compiled byte code into the running process. Pseudo Code var method = typeof(MyClass).GetMethod("Method1"); var content = //get it from a database (bytecode or source code) SELECT content FROM methods WHERE id=? AND version=? method.SetContent(content); At first, I want to achieve the system to work without the complexity of object-orientation. That leads to the following requirements: change source code or byte code of function drop functions add new functions change the signature of a function With .NET (and others) I could inject a class via an IoC and could thus change the source code. But the loading would be cumbersome, because everything has to be in an Assembly or created via Emit. Maybe with Java this would be easier? The whole ClassLoader is replacable, I think. With JavaScript I could achieve many of the goals. Simply eval a new function (MyMethod_V25) and assign it to MyClass.prototype.MyMethod. I think one can also drop functions somehow with "del" Which general-purpose platform can handle such things?

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• (x86) Assembler Optimization

  - by Pindatjuh

  I'm building a compiler/assembler/linker in Java for the x86-32 (IA32) processor targeting Windows. High-level concepts of a "language" (in essential a Java API for creating executables) are translated into opcodes, which then are wrapped and outputted to a file. The translation process has several phases, one is the translation between languages: the highest-level code is translated into the medium-level code which is then translated into the lowest-level code (probably more than 3 levels). My problem is the following; if I have higher-level code (X and Y) translated to lower-level code (x, y, U and V), then an example of such a translation is, in pseudo-code: x + U(f) // generated by X + V(f) + y // generated by Y (An easy example) where V is the opposite of U (compare with a stack push as U and a pop as V). This needs to be 'optimized' into: x + y (essentially removing the "useless" code) My idea was to use regular expressions. For the above case, it'll be a regular expression looking like this: x:(U(x)+V(x)):null, meaning for all x find U(x) followed by V(x) and replace by null. Imagine more complex regular expressions, for more complex optimizations. This should work on all levels. What do you suggest? What would be a good approach to optimize in these situations?

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• How do I protect the trunk from hapless newbies?

  - by Michael Haren

  A coworker relayed the following problem, let's say it's fictional to protect the guilty: A team of 5-10 works on a project which is issue-driven. That is, the typical flow goes like this: a chunk of work (bug, enhancement, etc.) is created as an issue in the issue tracker The issue is assigned to a developer The developer resolves the issue and commits their code changes to the trunk At release time, the frozen, and heavily tested trunk or release branch or whatever is built in release mode and released The problem he's having is that a couple newbies made several bad commits that weren't caught due to an unfortunate chain of events. This was followed by a bad release with a rollback or flurry of hot fixes. One idea we're toying with: Revoke commit access to the trunk for newbies and make them develop on a per-developer branch (we're using SVN): Good: newbies are isolated and can't hurt others Good: committers merge newbie branches with the trunk frequently Good: this enforces rigid code reviews Bad: this is burdensome on the committers (but there's probably no way around it since the code needs reviewed!) Bad: it might make traceability of trunk changes a little tougher since the reviewer would be doing the commit--not too sure on this. Update: Thank you, everyone, for your valuable input. I have concluded that this is far less a code/coder problem than I first presented. The root of the issue is that the release procedure failed to capture and test some poor quality changes to the trunk. Plugging that hole is most important. Relying on the false assumption that code in the trunk is "good" is not the solution. Once that hole--testing--is plugged, mistakes by everyone--newbie or senior--will be caught properly and dealt with accordingly. Next, a greater emphasis on code reviews and mentorship (probably driven by some systematic changes to encourage it) will go a long way toward improving code quality. With those two fixes in place, I don't think something as rigid or draconian as what I proposed above is necessary. Thanks!

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• Alternative way of implementation of a code

  - by vikramjb

  The title is not exactly meaningful, but I am not share what else to name it. I wrote a TOC Generation code sometime later. Based on this I was writing code to check for duplicates also. The code is as follows curNumber = getTOCReference(selItem.SNo, IsParent); CheckForDuplicates(curNumber, IsParent,out realTOCRef); curNumber = realTOCRef; And the code for CheckForDuplicates is ListViewItem curItem = this.tlvItems.FindItemWithText(curNumber); if (curItem != null) { curNumber = this.getTOCReference(curNumber, !IsParent); CheckForDuplicates(curNumber, IsParent,out realTOCRef); } else { realTOCRef= curNumber; } What this code does, it gets a TOC and tries it find if it already exists in the ObjectListView and gets a new TOC if there is a existing TOC. Once it determines that the generated TOC is not there in the list it stores it in realTOCRef and sends it back to the main calling code. I have used "out" to return the last generated TOC, which is something I did not want to do. The reason why I did it was after the non duplicate TOC was generated the return was not going back to the calling code instead it looped through the previous instances then it returned back. When the looping back happened the TOC that was to be returned also got reset. I would appreciate any help on this.

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• P/Invoke declarations should not be safe-critical

  - by Bobrovsky

  My code imports following native methods: DeleteObject, GetFontData and SelectObject from gdi32.dll GetDC and ReleaseDC from user32.dll I want to run the code in full trust and medium trust environments (I am fine with exceptions being thrown when these imported methods are indirectly used in medium trust environments). When I run Code Analysis on the code I get warnings like: CA5122 P/Invoke declarations should not be safe-critical. P/Invoke method 'GdiFont.DeleteObject(IntPtr)' is marked safe-critical. Since P/Invokes may only be called by critical code, this declaration should either be marked as security critical, or have its annotation removed entirely to avoid being misleading. Could someone explain me (in layman terms) what does this warning really mean? I tried putting these imports in static SafeNativeMethods class as internal static methods but this doesn't make the warnings go away. I didn't try to put them in NativeMethods because after reading this article I am unsure that it's the right way to go because I don't want my code to be completely unusable in medium trust environments (I think this will be the consequence of moving imports to NativeMethods). Honestly, I am pretty much confused about the real meaning of the warning and consequences of different options to suppressing it. Could someone shed some light on all this? EDIT: My code target .NET 2.0 framework. Assembly is marked with [assembly: AllowPartiallyTrustedCallers] Methods are declared like this: [DllImport("gdi32")] internal static extern int DeleteObject(HANDLE hObject);

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