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• What effects has working in rotating shifts on programming teams?

  - by eKek0

  I work in a bank, and the boss now want's that we, the programming team, work on rotating shifts. He wants that sometimes we work from 7am to 3pm, and sometimes on 11.30am to 7.30pm. He says that we will be more productive working this way, because he has worked with teams just like that and he just knows that. Nobody of the team wants this change, but we don't know how to effectively reject this new rule. I was trying to find some empirical (or almost) evidence about how rotating shifts affects performance of programming teams, and I couldn't. I had read something about rotating shifts, but not exactly about the effect of this on programming teams. Do you know any research about rotating shifts on programming teams? Did you have any experience with this kind of work? EDIT: Other teams of the company, like the database administrators team, the help desk team, the communication team or the network administrators team are already working in rotating shifts, and they don't like this but they do it anyway. I think the boss want that we work on rotating shifts too because of them, but since only we do programming I think the effects of rotating shifts could be, at least, different for us.

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• Why does Microsoft advise against readonly fields with mutable values?

  - by Weeble

  In the Design Guidelines for Developing Class Libraries, Microsoft say: Do not assign instances of mutable types to read-only fields. The objects created using a mutable type can be modified after they are created. For example, arrays and most collections are mutable types while Int32, Uri, and String are immutable types. For fields that hold a mutable reference type, the read-only modifier prevents the field value from being overwritten but does not protect the mutable type from modification. This simply restates the behaviour of readonly without explaining why it's bad to use readonly. The implication appears to be that many people do not understand what "readonly" does and will wrongly expect readonly fields to be deeply immutable. In effect it advises using "readonly" as code documentation indicating deep immutability - despite the fact that the compiler has no way to enforce this - and disallows its use for its normal function: to ensure that the value of the field doesn't change after the object has been constructed. I feel uneasy with this recommendation to use "readonly" to indicate something other than its normal meaning understood by the compiler. I feel that it encourages people to misunderstand the meaning of "readonly", and furthermore to expect it to mean something that the author of the code might not intend. I feel that it precludes using it in places it could be useful - e.g. to show that some relationship between two mutable objects remains unchanged for the lifetime of one of those objects. The notion of assuming that readers do not understand the meaning of "readonly" also appears to be in contradiction to other advice from Microsoft, such as FxCop's "Do not initialize unnecessarily" rule, which assumes readers of your code to be experts in the language and should know that (for example) bool fields are automatically initialised to false, and stops you from providing the redundancy that shows "yes, this has been consciously set to false; I didn't just forget to initialize it". So, first and foremost, why do Microsoft advise against use of readonly for references to mutable types? I'd also be interested to know: Do you follow this Design Guideline in all your code? What do you expect when you see "readonly" in a piece of code you didn't write?

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• Java Concurrency in practice sample question

  - by andy boot

  I am reading "Java Concurrency in practice" and looking at the example code on page 51. According to the book this piece of code is at risk of of failure if it has not been published properly. Because I like to code examples and break them to prove how they work. I have tried to make it throw an AssertionError but have failed. (Leading me to my previous question) Can anyone post sample code so that an AssertionError is thrown? Rule: Do not modify the Holder class. public class Holder{ private int n; public Holder(int n){ this.n = n; } public void assertSanity(){ if (n != n) { throw new AssertionError("This statement is false"); } } } I have modified the class to make it more fragile but I still can not get an AssertionError thrown. class Holder2{ private int n; private int n2; public Holder2(int n) throws InterruptedException{ this.n = n; Thread.sleep(200); this.n2 = n; } public void assertSanity(){ if (n != n2) { throw new AssertionError("This statement is false"); } } } Is it possible to make either of the above classes throw an AssertionError? Or do we have to accept that they may occasionally do so and we can't write code to prove it?

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• extension methods with generics - when does caller need to include type parameters?

  - by Greg

  Hi, Is there a rule for knowing when one has to pass the generic type parameters in the client code when calling an extension method? So for example in the Program class why can I (a) not pass type parameters for top.AddNode(node), but where as later for the (b) top.AddRelationship line I have to pass them? class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { // Create Graph var top = new TopologyImp<string>(); // Add Node var node = new StringNode(); node.Name = "asdf"; var node2 = new StringNode(); node2.Name = "test child"; top.AddNode(node); top.AddNode(node2); top.AddRelationship<string, RelationshipsImp>(node,node2); // *** HERE *** } } public static class TopologyExtns { public static void AddNode<T>(this ITopology<T> topIf, INode<T> node) { topIf.Nodes.Add(node.Key, node); } public static INode<T> FindNode<T>(this ITopology<T> topIf, T searchKey) { return topIf.Nodes[searchKey]; } public static void AddRelationship<T,R>(this ITopology<T> topIf, INode<T> parentNode, INode<T> childNode) where R : IRelationship<T>, new() { var rel = new R(); rel.Child = childNode; rel.Parent = parentNode; } } public class TopologyImp<T> : ITopology<T> { public Dictionary<T, INode<T>> Nodes { get; set; } public TopologyImp() { Nodes = new Dictionary<T, INode<T>>(); } }

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• Calling SDL/OpenGL from Assembly code on Linux

  - by Lie Ryan

  I'm write a simple graphic-based program in Assembly for learning purpose; for this, I intended to use either OpenGL or SDL. I'm trying to call OpenGL/SDL's function from assembly. The problem is, unlike many assembly and OpenGL/SDL tutorials I found in the internet, the OpenGL/SDL in my machine apparently doesn't use C calling convention. I wrote a simple program in C, compile it to assembly (using -S switch), and apparently the assembly code that is generated by GCC calls the OpenGL/SDL functions by passing parameters in the registers instead of being pushed to the stack. Now, the question is, how do I determine how to pass arguments to these OpenGL/SDL functions? That is, how do I figure out which argument corresponds to which registers? Obviously since GCC can compile C code to call OpenGL/SDL, so therefore there must be a way to figure out the correspondence between function arguments and registers. In C calling conventions, the rule is easy, push parameters backwards and return value in eax/rax, I can simply read their C documentation and I can easily figure out how to pass the parameters. But how about these? Is there a way to call OpenGL/SDL using C calling convention? btw, I'm using yasm, with gcc/ld as the linker on Gentoo Linux amd64.

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• How do I best do balanced quoting with Perl's Regexp::Grammars?

  - by Evan Carroll

  Using Damian Conway's Regexp::Grammars, I'm trying to match different balanced quoting ('foo', "foo", but not 'foo") mechanisms -- such as parens, quotes, double quotes, and double dollars. This is the code I'm currently using. <token: pair> \'<literal>\'|\"<literal>\"|\$\$<literal>\$\$ <token: literal> [\S]+ This generally works fine and allows me to say something like: <rule: quote> QUOTE <.as>? <pair> My question is how do I reform the output, to exclude the needles notation for the pair token? { '' => 'QUOTE AS \',\'', 'quote' => { '' => 'QUOTE AS \',\'', 'pair' => { 'literal' => ',', '' => '\',\'' } } }, Here, there is obviously no desire to have pair in between, quote, and the literal value of it. Is there a better way to match 'foo', "foo", and $$foo$$, and maybe sometimes ( foo ) without each time creating a needless pair token? Can I preprocess-out that token or fold it into the above? Or, write a better construct entirely that eliminates the need for it?

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• boost::spirit (qi) decision between float and double

  - by ChrisInked

  I have a parser which parses different data types from an input file. I already figured out, that spirit can decide between short and int, for example: value %= (shortIntNode | longIntNode); with shortIntNode %= (qi::short_ >> !qi::double_) [qi::_val = phoenix::bind(&CreateShortIntNode, qi::_1)]; longIntNode %= (qi::int_ >> !qi::double_) [qi::_val = phoenix::bind(&CreateLongIntNode, qi::_1)]; I used this type of rules to detect doubles as well (from the answers here and here). The parser was able to decide between int for numbers 65535 and short for numbers <= 65535. But, for float_ and double_ it does not work as expected. It just rounds these values to parse it into a float value, if there is a rule like this: value %= (floatNode | doubleFloatNode); with floatNode %= (qi::float_) [qi::_val = phoenix::bind(&CreateFloatNode, qi::_1)]; doubleFloatNode %= (qi::double_) [qi::_val = phoenix::bind(&CreateDoubleFloatNode, qi::_1)]; Do you know if there is something like an option or some other trick to decide between float_ and double_ depending on the data type range? Thank you very much!

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• Looking for a very simple file-based CMS

  - by nfm

  I'm building a site for a friend for free, and am trying to work out a good way for her to be able to easily make updates. I haven't used any CMSs before. I was browsing the web today looking at some, and they all seem way too complicated for what I'm after. Basically, all I want is a really simple CMS that pulls together HTML snippets in particular subdirectories, and wraps them in header/footer HTML and inserts them into a template page in the appropriate section. I'm imagining a site layout something like this: / /index.php /blog_template.php /news_template.php /blog/ /blog/header.php /blog/footer.php /blog/my-first-blog.html /blog/blogs-rule.html /blog/... Say index.php contains div#blog. PHP would wrap each /blog/*.html file in /blog/header.php and blog/footer.php, and insert them into the div#blog as div#blog([0-9]*). I haven't been able to find anything this basic, and am one step away from throwing something together myself, but I'm a bit short on time at the moment and figured I'd post here first. Has anyone come across something like this? I don't want any DB, extensions, user accounts, installation, config, updates... just a simple file based solution. Thanks :) Forgot to mention - needs to be FOSS and run on Linux!

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• Factorial in Prolog and C++

  - by Joshua Green

  I would like to work out a number's factorial. My factorial rule is in a Prolog file and I am connecting it to a C++ code. Can someone tell me what is wrong with my C++ interface please? % factorial.pl factorial( 1, 1 ):- !. factorial( X, Fac ):- X > 1, Y is X - 1, factorial( Y, New_Fac ), Fac is X * New_Fac. // factorial.cpp # headerfiles term_t t1; term_t t2; term_t goal_term; functor_t goal_functor; int main( int argc, char** argv ) { argc = 4; argv[0] = "libpl.dll"; argv[1] = "-G32m"; argv[2] = "-L32m"; argv[3] = "-T32m"; PL_initialise(argc, argv); if ( !PL_initialise(argc, argv) ) PL_halt(1); PlCall( "consult(swi('plwin.rc'))" ); PlCall( "consult('factorial.pl')" ); cout << "Enter your factorial number: "; long n; cin >> n; PL_put_integer( t1, n ); t1 = PL_new_term_ref(); t2 = PL_new_term_ref(); goal_term = PL_new_term_ref(); goal_functor = PL_new_functor( PL_new_atom("factorial"), 2 ); PL_put_atom( t1, t2 ); PL_cons_functor( goal_term, goal_functor, t1, t2 ); PL_halt( PL_toplevel() ? 0 : 1 ); }

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• How to remove a specific category on a selected mail in Outlook 2003 with Macro?

  - by szekelya

  Hi, I am trying to transform my Outlook2003 into the closest thing to gmail. I started to use categories, which are pretty similar to labels in gmail. I can assign categories automatically with rules, and I can add categories manually. I have also created "search folders", that show all mails with a given category, if they are not in the Deleted Items or Sent Items folders. This part is almost like the Label views in gmail. Two things are missing basically, which should be done with macros (VBA to be precise) which I'm totally inexperienced with. So hence my questions: -Can someone show me a macro to remove the category "Inbox"? That would act exactly like the Archive button in gmail. In fact I want to assign this macro to a toolbar button and call it Archive. I have a rule that adds the Inbox category to all incoming mail. As I said, I have a search folder displaying all mails categorized as Inbox, and I also have an All Mail search folder, that displays all messages regardless whether they have the Inbox category. Exactly like gmail, just the easy archiving is missing. -Can someone show me a macro that would delete the selected mail/mails and also would remove the Inbox category before deletion? I would replace the default delete button with this macro. (Somewhat less important, as in my search folders I can filter messages that are physically placed in the Deleted Items folder, but it would be more elegant not to have mails categorized as Inbox in the trash. Many thanks in advance, szekelya

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• Byte-Pairing for data compression

  - by user1669533

  Question about Byte-Pairing for data compression. If byte pairing converts two byte values to a single byte value, splitting the file in half, then taking a gig file and recusing it 16 times shrinks it to 62,500,000. My question is, is byte-pairing really efficient? Is the creation of a 5,000,000 iteration loop, to be conservative, efficient? I would like some feed back on and some incisive opinions please. Dave, what I read was: "The US patent office no longer grants patents on perpetual motion machines, but has recently granted at least two patents on a mathematically impossible process: compression of truly random data." I was not inferring the Patent Office was actually considering what I am inquiring about. I was merely commenting on the notion of a "mathematically impossible process." If someone has, in some way created a method of having a "single" data byte as a placeholder of 8 individual bytes of data, that would be a consideration for a patent. Now, about the mathematically impossibility of an 8 to 1 compression method, it is not so much a mathematically impossibility, but a series of rules and conditions that can be created. As long as there is the rule of 8 or 16 bit representation of storing data on a medium, there are ways to manipulate data that mirrors current methods, or creation by a new way of thinking.

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• Division by zero: Undefined Behavior or Implementation Defined in C and/or C++ ?

  - by SiegeX

  Regarding division by zero, the standards say: C99 6.5.5p5 - The result of the / operator is the quotient from the division of the first operand by the second; the result of the % operator is the remainder. In both operations, if the value of the second operand is zero, the behavior is undefined. C++03 5.6.4 - The binary / operator yields the quotient, and the binary % operator yields the remainder from the division of the first expression by the second. If the second operand of / or % is zero the behavior is undefined. If we were to take the above paragraphs at face value, the answer is clearly Undefined Behavior for both languages. However, if we look further down in the C99 standard we see the following paragraph which appears to be contradictory(1): C99 7.12p4 - The macro INFINITY expands to a constant expression of type float representing positive or unsigned infinity, if available; Do the standards have some sort of golden rule where Undefined Behavior cannot be superseded by a (potentially) contradictory statement? Barring that, I don't think it's unreasonable to conclude that if your implementation defines the INFINITY macro, division by zero is defined to be such. However, if your implementation does not define such a macro, the behavior is Undefined. I'm curious what the consensus on this matter for each of the two languages. Would the answer change if we are talking about integer division int i = 1 / 0 versus floating point division float i = 1.0 / 0.0 ? Note (1) The C++03 standard talks about the library which includes the INFINITY macro.

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• How is a functional programming-based javascript app laid out?

  - by user321521

  I've been working with node.js for awhile on a chat app (I know, very original, but I figured it'd be a good learning project). Underscore.js provides a lot of functional programming concepts which look interesting, so I'd like to understand how a functional program in javascript would be setup. From my understanding of functional programming (which may be wrong), the whole idea is to avoid side effects, which are basically having a function which updates another variable outside of the function so something like var external; function foo() { external = 'bar'; } foo(); would be creating a side effect, correct? So as a general rule, you want to avoid disturbing variables in the global scope. Ok, so how does that work when you're dealing with objects and what not? For example, a lot of times, I'll have a constructor and an init method that initializes the object, like so: var Foo = function(initVars) { this.init(initVars); } Foo.prototype.init = function(initVars) { this.bar1 = initVars['bar1']; this.bar2 = initVars['bar2']; //.... } var myFoo = new Foo({'bar1': '1', 'bar2': '2'}); So my init method is intentionally causing side effects, but what would be a functional way to handle the same sort of situation? Also, if anyone could point me to either a python or javascript source code of a program that tries to be as functional as possible, that would also be much appreciated. I feel like I'm close to "getting it", but I'm just not quite there. Mainly I'm interested in how functional programming works with traditional OOP classes concept (or does away with it for something different if that's the case).

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• RewriteCond and RewriteRule newbie

  - by mybrokengnome

  I'm taking over a website for a client that is running on a custom built CMS (that I didn't write). I don't mess with .htaccess files usually because a lot of the hosting I do is on IIS, or I used WordPress as a CMS and don't have to worry about messing with the .htaccess file. Here's the contents of the file: RewriteEngine on RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteRule ^(.*)$ framework.php?%{QUERY_STRING}&resource=$1& [L] I get what it's doing (sending all requests through the framework.php file). The client wants a WordPress blog added to their site. I'm placing it in a /blog/ folder. The problem is that because of the rewrite rules and conditions in the .htaccess file whenever I try to go /blog/ the other CMS freaks out because it doesn't like me trying to go there. My question is how do I write a rule/cond that tells apache to send all requests made to the /blog/ folder to the /blog/ folder, but keep all other requests piped through the framework.php file like it is now? Any help is appreciated, thanks!

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• Preserving order when copying elements using Deliverance / XPath

  - by Jon Hadley

  How would I, using Deliverance & XPath (or CSS) selectors, select and copy list items .one and .three from each list below, but display them in the order of their parent list? <ul id="a-wrapper"> <li class="one"></li> <li class="two"></li> <li class="three"></li> <li class="four"></li> </li> <ul id="b-wrapper"> <li class="one"></li> <li class="two"></li> <li class="three"></li> <li class="four"></li> </ul> c,d,e,f,g etc.... The catch is it needs to use a href rule, eg: <prepend href="/blah/deblah" content="#x" theme="#y" /> Using the following just lists all the .one elements, then all the .three elements. <prepend href="/blah/deblah" content=".one" theme="#y" /> <prepend href="/blah/deblah" content=".three" theme="#y" />

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• Is it possible to replace values ina queryset before sending it to your template?

  - by Issy

  Hi Guys, Wondering if it's possible to change a value returned from a queryset before sending it off to the template. Say for example you have a bunch of records Date | Time | Description 10/05/2010 | 13:30 | Testing... etc... However, based on the day of the week the time may change. However this is static. For example on a monday the time is ALWAYS 15:00. Now you could add another table to configure special cases but to me it seems overkill, as this is a rule. How would you replace that value before sending it to the template? I thought about using the new if tags (if day=1), but this is more of business logic rather then presentation. Tested this in a custom template tag def render(self, context): result = self.model._default_manager.filter(from_date__lte=self.now).filter(to_date__gte=self.now) if self.day == 4: result = result.exclude(type__exact=2).order_by('time') else: result = result.order_by('type') result[0].time = '23:23:23' context[self.varname] = result return '' However it still displays the results from the DB, is this some how related to 'lazy' evaluation of templates? Thanks! Update Responding to comments below: It's not stored wrong in the DB, its stored Correctly However there is a small side case where the value needs to change. So for example I have a From Date & To date, my query checks if todays date is between those. Now with this they could setup a from date - to date for an entire year, and the special cases (like mondays as an example) is taken care off. However if you want to store in the DB you would have to capture several more records to cater for the side case. I.e you would be capturing the same information just to cater for that 1 day when the time changes. (And the time always changes on the same day, and is always the same)

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• Sorting by custom field and fetching whole tree from DB

  - by Niaxon

  Hello everyone, I am trying to do file browser in a tree form and have a problem to sort it somehow. I use PHP and MySQL for that. I've created mixed (nested set + adjacency) table 'element' with the following fields: element_id, left_key, right_key, level, parent_id, element_name, element_type (enum: 'folder','file'), element_size. Let's not discuss right now that it is better to move information about element (name, type, size) into other table. Function to scan specified directory and fill table work correctly. Noteworthy, i am adding elements to tree in specific order: folders first and then files. After that i can easily fetch and display whole table on the page using simple query: SELECT * FROM element WHERE 1=1 ORDER BY left_key With the result of that query and another function i can generate correct html code (<ul><li>... and so on). to display tree. Now back to the question (finally, huh?). I am struggling to add sorting functionality. For example i want to order my result by size. Here i need to keep in my mind whole hierarchy of tree and rule: folders first, files later. I believe i can do that by generating in PHP recursive query: SELECT * FROM element WHERE parent_id = {$parentId} ORDER BY element_type (so folders would be first), size (or name for example) asc/desc After that for each result which has type = 'folder' i will send another query to get it's content. Also it's possible to fetch whole tree by left_key and after that sort it in PHP as array but i guess that would be worse :) I wonder if there is better and more efficient way to do such a thing?

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• slideDown() Makes Everything in Wrapper Shift

  - by Ben

  Hello everyone, I am currently creating a simple menu where there are several names of services and a user can click on one and jQuery will show it's corresponding paragraph describing it below it. My jQuery code is fine and does exactly what I want, however, I have one bug I have yet to iron out. Whenever I click one of these headings and it's description displays, everything in the wrapper for the page shifts to the left about 7 pixels in Firefox, it does the same thing is Google Chrome however I have not measured the amout but I am sure it is irrelevant. Anyways, I am using the slideToggle() command to show the hidden parragraph. I assume this is occuring because when the slideDown occurs it is somehow changing the width of everything and the "margin: 0 auto;" setting for the wrapper rule in my css is compensating for this change. Does anyone have any way I can remedy this problem? I have tried several other fixes I've found around the internet but to no avail. Here is what my code looks like, I put it on jsFiddle to make it easier to view: http://jsfiddle.net/vcH7m/ Feel free to edit it there if you like, or post what needs to be fixed here. Whatever is more convenient. Thank you very much for the help!

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• Static files in (Java) App Engine not accessible.

  - by fiXedd

  The example documentation says that you simply need to place your files in war/ (or a subdirectory) and they should be accessible from the host (as long as they aren't JSPs or in WEB-INF). For example, if you place foo.css in war/ then you should be able to access it at http://localhost:8080/foo.css. However, this isn't working for me at all. NONE of my static files are accessible. The docs on appengine-web.xml say that you can also specifically denote certain types as static. I've tried this as well and it makes no difference. Am I missing something obvious? UPDATE: Turns out one of the mappings in my web.xml was a little too aggressive. The following was the culprit: <servlet> <servlet-name>Main</servlet-name> <servlet-class>MainServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>Main</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> It seems that it was grabbing everything that wasn't grabbed be one of the other rules, which I don't understand because there was no * on the end of the url-pattern. It also seems to be directly contradictory to the documentation that says: Note: Static files, files that are served verbatim to users such as images, CSS or JavaScript, are handled separately from paths mentioned in the deployment descriptor. A request for a URL path that matches a path to a file in the WAR that's considered a static file will serve the file, regardless of servlet and filter mappings in the deployment descriptor. You can exclude files from those treated as static files using the appengine-web.xml file. So, how can I have a rule that matches the base of my domain (eg. http://www.example.com/) and still allows the static files to filter through?

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• Syntax error beyond end of program

  - by a_m0d

  I am experimenting with writing a toy compiler in ocaml. Currently, I am trying to implement the offside rule for my lexer. However, I am having some trouble with the ocaml syntax (the compiler errors are extremely un-informative). The code below (33 lines of it) causes an error on line 34, beyond the end of the source code. I am unsure what is causing this error. open Printf let s = (Stack.create():int Stack.t); let rec check x = ( if Stack.is_empty s then Stack.push x s else if Stack.top s < x then ( Stack.push x s; printf "INDENT\n"; ) else if Stack.top s > x then ( printf "DEDENT\n"; Stack.pop s; check x; ) else printf "MATCHED\n"; ); let main () = ( check 0; check 4; check 6; check 8; check 5; ); let _ = Printexc.print main () Ocaml output: File "lexer.ml", line 34, characters 0-0: Error: Syntax error Can someone help me work out what the error is caused by and help me on my way to fixing it?

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• Bytecode and Objects

  - by HH

  Hey everyone, I am working on a bytecode instrumentation project. Currently when handling objects, the verifier throws an error most of the time. So I would like to get things clear concerning rules with objects (I read the JVMS but couldn't find the answer I was looking for): I am instrumenting the NEW instruction: original bytecode NEW <MyClass> DUP INVOKESPECIAL <MyClass.<init>> after instrumentation NEW <MyClass> DUP INVOKESTATIC <Profiler.handleNEW> DUP INVOKESPECIAL <MyClass.<init>> Note that I added a call to Profiler.handleNEW() which takes as argument an object reference (the newly created object). The piece of code above throws a VerificationError. While if I don't add the INVOKESTATIC (leaving only the DUP), it doesn't. So what is the rule that I'm violating? I can duplicate an uninitialized reference but I can't pass it as parameter? I would appreciate any help. Thank you

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• How frequently IP packets are fragmented at the source host?

  - by Methos

  I know that if IP payload MTU then routers usually fragment the IP packet. Finally all the fragmented packets are assembled at the destination using the fields IP-ID, IP fragment offsets and fragmentation flags. Max length of IP payload is 64K. Thus its very plausible for L4 to hand over payload which is 64K. If the L2 protocol is Ethernet, which often is the case, then the MTU will be about 1600 bytes. Hence IP packet will be fragmented at the source host itself. However, a quick search about IP implementation in Linux tells me that in recent kernels, L4 protocols are fragment friendly i.e. they try to save the fragmentation work for IP by handing over buffers of size which is close to MTU. Considering these two facts, I am wondering about how frequently does the IP packet gets fragmented at the source host itself. Does it occur sometimes/rarely/never? Does anyone know if there are exceptions to the rule of fragmentation in linux kernel (i.e. are there situations where L4 protocols are not fragment friendly)? How is this handled in other common OSes like windows? In general how frequently IP packets are fragmented?

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• Find all ways to insert zeroes into a bit pattern

  - by James

  I've been struggling to wrap my head around this for some reason. I have 15 bits that represent a number. The bits must match a pattern. The pattern is defined in the way the bits start out: they are in the most flush-right representation of that pattern. So say the pattern is 1 4 1. The bits will be: 000000010111101 So the general rule is, take each number in the pattern, create that many bits (1, 4 or 1 in this case) and then have at least one space separating them. So if it's 1 2 6 1 (it will be random): 001011011111101 Starting with the flush-right version, I want to generate every single possible number that meets that pattern. The # of bits will be stored in a variable. So for a simple case, assume it's 5 bits and the initial bit pattern is: 00101. I want to generate: 00101 01001 01010 10001 10010 10100 I'm trying to do this in Objective-C, but anything resembling C would be fine. I just can't seem to come up with a good recursive algorithm for this. It makes sense in the above example, but when I start getting into 12431 and having to keep track of everything it breaks down.

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• Find all CSS rules that apply to an element

  - by Carl Byström

  Many tools/APIs provide ways of selecting elements of specific classes or IDs. There's also possible to inspect the raw stylesheets loaded by the browser. However, for browsers to render an element, they'll compile all CSS rules (possibly from different stylesheet files) and apply it to the element. This is what you see with Firebug or the WebKit Inspector - the full CSS inheritance tree for an element. How can I reproduce this feature in pure JavaScript without requiring additional browser plugins? Perhaps an example can provide some clarification for what I'm looking for: <style type="text/css"> p { color :red; } #description { font-size: 20px; } </style> <p id="description">Lorem ipsum</p> Here the p#description element have two CSS rules applied: a red color and a font size of 20 px. I would like to find the source from where these computed CSS rules originate from (color comes the p rule and so on).

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• Read IFrame content using JavaScript

  - by Rajat

  Ok, This is my first time dealing seriously with IFrames and I cant seem to understand a few things: First the sample code I am testing with: <head> <script type="text/javascript"> function init(){ console.log("IFrame content: " + window.frames['i1'].document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0].innerHTML); } </script> </head> <body onload="init();"> <iframe name="i1" src="foo.txt"/> </body> the file "foo.txt" looks like this: sample text file Questions: 1) The iframe seems to be behaving as a HTML document and the file text is actually part of the body instead. Why ? Is it a rule for an IFrame to be a HTML document. Is it not possible for the content of an iframe to be just plain text ?? 2) The file content gets wrapped inside a pre tag for some reason. Why is this so ? Is it always the case? 3) My access method in the javascript is working but is there any other alternative? [native js solutions please] If the content is wrapped in a pre tag always then I will actually have to lookup inside the pre tag rather than lookup the innerHTML

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