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  • BFS traversal of directed graph from a given node

    - by p1
    Hi, My understanding of basic BFS traversal for a graph is: BFS { Start from any node . Add it to que. Add it to visited array While(que is not empty) { remove head from queue. Print node; add all unvisited direct subchilds to que; mark them as visited } } However, if we have to traverse a DIRECTED graph from a given node and not all nodes are accessible from the given node [directly or indirectly] how do we use BFS for the same. Can you please explain in this graph as well: a= b = d = e = d a= c = d Here if the starting node is b , we never print a and c. Am I missing something in the algorithm. P.S: I used "HashMap adj = new HashMap();" to create the adjacencey list to store graph Any pointers are greatly appreciated. Thanks.

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  • How to use regex to match ASTERISK in awk

    - by Ken Chen
    I'm stil pretty new to regular expression and just started learning to use awk. What I am trying to accomplish is writing a ksh script to read-in lines from text, and and for every lines that match the following: *RECORD 0000001 [some_serial_#] to replace $2 (i.e. 000001) with a different number. So essentially the script read in batch record dump, and replace the record number with date+record#, and write to separate file. So this is what I'm thinking the format should be: awk 'match($0,"/*FTR")!=0{$2="$DATE-n++"; print $0} match($0,"/*FTR")==0{print $0}' $BATCH > $OUTPUT but obviously "/*FTR" is not going to work, and I'm not sure if changing $2 and then write the whole line is the correct way to do this. So I am in need of some serious enlightenment.

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  • word frequency problem

    - by davit-datuashvili
    hi in programming pearls i have meet following problem question is this:print words in decreasing frequency or as i understand probllem is this suppose there is given string array let call it s words i have taken randomly it does not matter String s[]={"cat","cat","dog","fox","cat","fox","dog","cat","fox}; and we see that string cat occurs 4 times fox 3 times and dog 2 times so result will be such cat fox dog i have following code in java mport java.util.*; public class string { public static void main(String[] args){ String s[]={"fox","cat","cat","fox","dog","cat","fox","dog","cat"}; Arrays.sort(s); int counts; int count[]=new int[s.length]; for (int i=0;i } } or i have sorted array and create count array where i write number of each word in array problem is that somehow index of integer array element and string array element is not same how to do such that print words according tu maximum elements of integer array? please help me

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  • Level-order in Haskell

    - by brain_damage
    I have a structure for a tree and I want to print the tree by levels. data Tree a = Nd a [Tree a] deriving Show type Nd = String tree = Nd "a" [Nd "b" [Nd "c" [], Nd "g" [Nd "h" [], Nd "i" [], Nd "j" [], Nd "k" []]], Nd "d" [Nd "f" []], Nd "e" [Nd "l" [Nd "n" [Nd "o" []]], Nd "m" []]] preorder (Nd x ts) = x : concatMap preorder ts postorder (Nd x ts) = (concatMap postorder ts) ++ [x] But how to do it by levels? "levels tree" should print ["a", "bde", "cgflm", "hijkn", "o"]. I think that "iterate" would be suitable function for the purpose, but I cannot come up with a solution how to use it. Would you help me, please?

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  • Implicitly invoking parent class initializer

    - by Matt Joiner
    class A(object): def __init__(self, a, b, c): #super(A, self).__init__() super(self.__class__, self).__init__() class B(A): def __init__(self, b, c): print super(B, self) print super(self.__class__, self) #super(B, self).__init__(1, b, c) super(self.__class__, self).__init__(1, b, c) class C(B): def __init__(self, c): #super(C, self).__init__(2, c) super(self.__class__, self).__init__(2, c) C(3) In the above code, the commented out __init__ calls appear to the be the commonly accepted "smart" way to do super class initialization. However in the event that the class hierarchy is likely to change, I have been using the uncommented form, until recently. It appears that in the call to the super constructor for B in the above hierarchy, that B.__init__ is called again, self.__class__ is actually C, not B as I had always assumed. Is there some way in Python-2.x that I can overcome this, and maintain proper MRO when calling super constructors without actually naming the current class?

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  • Module import error using IDLE

    - by Nimbuz
    I'm an absolute beginner using IDLE (Python 2.6.4) to learn the basics. I recently found a Python program that I want to run but it throws an error although the code looks fine (i.e all modules exist): from css.parse import parse data = """ em { padding: 2px; margin: 1em; border-width: medium; border-style: dashed; line-height: 2.4em; } p { color: red; font-size: 12pt } p:first-letter { color: green; font-size: 200% } p:first-line { color: blue }""" for rule in parse(data): print rule for decl in parse(data)[0]: print decl Error: ImportError: No module named parse How do I fix this? I'm using Snow Leopard. Edit: I guess its a PATH issue, where should I place the modules, which directory?

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  • More advanced usage of interfaces

    - by owca
    To be honest I'm not quite sure if I understand the task myself :) I was told to create class MySimpleIt, that implements Iterator and Iterable and will allow to run the provided test code. Arguments and variables of objects cannot be either Collections or arrays. The code : MySimpleIt msi=new MySimple(10,100, MySimpleIt.PRIME_NUMBERS); for(int el: msi) System.out.print(el+" "); System.out.println(); msi.setType(MySimpleIterator.ODD_NUMBERS); msi.setLimits(15,30); for(int el: msi) System.out.print(el+" "); System.out.println(); msi.setType(MySimpleIterator.EVEN_NUMBERS); for(int el: msi) System.out.print(el+" "); System.out.println(); The result I should obtain : 11 13 17 19 23 29 31 37 41 43 47 53 59 61 67 71 73 79 83 89 97 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 And here's my code : import java.util.Iterator; interface MySimpleIterator{ static int ODD_NUMBERS=0; static int EVEN_NUMBERS = 1; static int PRIME_NUMBERS = 2; int setType(int i); } public class MySimpleIt implements Iterable, Iterator, MySimpleIterator { public MySimple my; public MySimpleIt(MySimple m){ my = m; } public int setType(int i){ my.numbers = i; return my.numbers; } public void setLimits(int d, int u){ my.down = d; my.up = u; } public Iterator iterator(){ Iterator it = this.iterator(); return it; } public void remove(){ } public Object next(){ Object o = new Object(); return o; } public boolean hasNext(){ return true; } } class MySimple { public int down; public int up; public int numbers; public MySimple(int d, int u, int n){ down = d; up = u; numbers = n; } } In the test code I have error in line when creating MySimpleIt msi object, as it finds MySimple instead of MySimpleIt. Also I have errors in for-each loops, because compiler wants 'ints' there instead of Object. Anyone has any idea on how to solve it ?

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  • How can I connect to a mail server using SMTP over SSL using Python?

    - by jakecar
    Hello, So I have been having a hard time sending email from my school's email address. It is SSL and I could only find this code online by Matt Butcher that works with SSL: import smtplib, socket version = "1.00" all = ['SMTPSSLException', 'SMTP_SSL'] SSMTP_PORT = 465 class SMTPSSLException(smtplib.SMTPException): """Base class for exceptions resulting from SSL negotiation.""" class SMTP_SSL (smtplib.SMTP): """This class provides SSL access to an SMTP server. SMTP over SSL typical listens on port 465. Unlike StartTLS, SMTP over SSL makes an SSL connection before doing a helo/ehlo. All transactions, then, are done over an encrypted channel. This class is a simple subclass of the smtplib.SMTP class that comes with Python. It overrides the connect() method to use an SSL socket, and it overrides the starttles() function to throw an error (you can't do starttls within an SSL session). """ certfile = None keyfile = None def __init__(self, host='', port=0, local_hostname=None, keyfile=None, certfile=None): """Initialize a new SSL SMTP object. If specified, `host' is the name of the remote host to which this object will connect. If specified, `port' specifies the port (on `host') to which this object will connect. `local_hostname' is the name of the localhost. By default, the value of socket.getfqdn() is used. An SMTPConnectError is raised if the SMTP host does not respond correctly. An SMTPSSLError is raised if SSL negotiation fails. Warning: This object uses socket.ssl(), which does not do client-side verification of the server's cert. """ self.certfile = certfile self.keyfile = keyfile smtplib.SMTP.__init__(self, host, port, local_hostname) def connect(self, host='localhost', port=0): """Connect to an SMTP server using SSL. `host' is localhost by default. Port will be set to 465 (the default SSL SMTP port) if no port is specified. If the host name ends with a colon (`:') followed by a number, that suffix will be stripped off and the number interpreted as the port number to use. This will override the `port' parameter. Note: This method is automatically invoked by __init__, if a host is specified during instantiation. """ # MB: Most of this (Except for the socket connection code) is from # the SMTP.connect() method. I changed only the bare minimum for the # sake of compatibility. if not port and (host.find(':') == host.rfind(':')): i = host.rfind(':') if i >= 0: host, port = host[:i], host[i+1:] try: port = int(port) except ValueError: raise socket.error, "nonnumeric port" if not port: port = SSMTP_PORT if self.debuglevel > 0: print>>stderr, 'connect:', (host, port) msg = "getaddrinfo returns an empty list" self.sock = None for res in socket.getaddrinfo(host, port, 0, socket.SOCK_STREAM): af, socktype, proto, canonname, sa = res try: self.sock = socket.socket(af, socktype, proto) if self.debuglevel > 0: print>>stderr, 'connect:', (host, port) self.sock.connect(sa) # MB: Make the SSL connection. sslobj = socket.ssl(self.sock, self.keyfile, self.certfile) except socket.error, msg: if self.debuglevel > 0: print>>stderr, 'connect fail:', (host, port) if self.sock: self.sock.close() self.sock = None continue break if not self.sock: raise socket.error, msg # MB: Now set up fake socket and fake file classes. # Thanks to the design of smtplib, this is all we need to do # to get SSL working with all other methods. self.sock = smtplib.SSLFakeSocket(self.sock, sslobj) self.file = smtplib.SSLFakeFile(sslobj); (code, msg) = self.getreply() if self.debuglevel > 0: print>>stderr, "connect:", msg return (code, msg) def setkeyfile(self, keyfile): """Set the absolute path to a file containing a private key. This method will only be effective if it is called before connect(). This key will be used to make the SSL connection.""" self.keyfile = keyfile def setcertfile(self, certfile): """Set the absolute path to a file containing a x.509 certificate. This method will only be effective if it is called before connect(). This certificate will be used to make the SSL connection.""" self.certfile = certfile def starttls(): """Raises an exception. You cannot do StartTLS inside of an ssl session. Calling starttls() will return an SMTPSSLException""" raise SMTPSSLException, "Cannot perform StartTLS within SSL session." And then my code: import ssmtplib conn = ssmtplib.SMTP_SSL('HOST') conn.login('USERNAME','PW') conn.ehlo() conn.sendmail('FROM_EMAIL', 'TO_EMAIL', "MESSAGE") conn.close() And got this error: /Users/Jake/Desktop/Beth's Program/ssmtplib.py:116: DeprecationWarning: socket.ssl() is deprecated. Use ssl.wrap_socket() instead. sslobj = socket.ssl(self.sock, self.keyfile, self.certfile) Traceback (most recent call last): File "emailer.py", line 5, in conn = ssmtplib.SMTP_SSL('HOST') File "/Users/Jake/Desktop/Beth's Program/ssmtplib.py", line 79, in init smtplib.SMTP.init(self, host, port, local_hostname) File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/smtplib.py", line 239, in init (code, msg) = self.connect(host, port) File "/Users/Jake/Desktop/Beth's Program/ssmtplib.py", line 131, in connect self.sock = smtplib.SSLFakeSocket(self.sock, sslobj) AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'SSLFakeSocket' Thank you!

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  • python coockie,request another page

    - by polovinamozga
    #!/usr/bin/python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import urllib2 import urllib import httplib import Cookie import cookielib Login = 'user' Password = 'password' Domain = 'inbox.ru' Auth = 'https://auth.mail.ru/cgi-bin/auth' cj = cookielib.CookieJar() opener = urllib2.build_opener(urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor(cj)) login_data = urllib.urlencode({'Login' : Login, 'Domain' :Domain, 'Password' : Password }) opener.open('https://auth.mail.ru/cgi-bin/auth', login_data) resp = opener.open('https://auth.mail.ru/cgi-bin/auth').read() print resp.decode('cp1251') #output page in cp1251 When script sucessfully executed i see in print resp.decode('cp1251') my page with auth. But when a try to request another page for example http://my.mail.ru i see autorization request. How i can use cookie with another page?

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  • Sending multipart response for downloads in Zend Framework

    - by takeshin
    I'm sending files in action helper for downloads (in parts if needed) like this: ... $response->sendHeaders(); $chunksize = 1 * (1024 * 1024); $bytesSent = 0; if ($httpRange) { fseek($file, $range); } while(!feof($file) && (!connection_aborted() && ($bytesSent < $newLength)) ) { $buffer = fread($file, $chunksize); // $response->appendBody($buffer); // this would be better print($buffer); flush(); $bytesSent += strlen($buffer); } fclose($file); I suspect that better way would be to make use of $response object instead of print. Which is the recommended way to send big response objects using Zend Framework?

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  • Printing images in Flex

    - by TERACytE
    In s Flex 3 app, I have canvas with a PNG image for a background. The image is the same width & height as the canvas. I also have some other controls in the canvas: <mx:Canvas id="form" backgroundImage="@Embed(source='images/formBkg.png')" width="640" height="480" > <mx:label .../> <mx:label .../> I print the canvas using the following code: var printJob:FlexPrintJob = new FlexPrintJob(); if (printJob.start()) { printJob.addObject(form, FlexPrintJobScaleType.SHOW_ALL); printJob.send(); } On screen it looks great, but when I print it the quality of the png degrades. It is not terrible, but not as sharp as what is shown on screen. Is there anything I can do to improve the quality of the printed png?

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  • Default Object being modified because of LINQ Query

    - by msarchet
    I'm doing the following code to filter a list of objects before it gets sent off to be printed. Dim printList As New List(Of dispillPatient) For Each pat As dispillPatient In patList If (From meds In pat.Medication Select meds Where meds.Print = True).Count > 0 Then Dim patAdd As New dispillPatient patAdd = pat patAdd.Medication = DirectCast((From meds In pat.Medication Select meds Where meds.Print = True).ToList, List(Of dispillMedication)) printList.Add(patAdd) End If Next What is happening is patList, which is my initial list, for every dispillPatient inside of it, that specific patients Medication object (which is another list), is being shorten to the list that is returned to the patAdd object. I think this has something to do with both the way that .NET makes the copy of my pat object when I do patAdd = pat and the LINQ query that I'm using. Has anyone had a similar issue before and\or what can I do to keep my initial list from getting truncated. Thanks

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  • Java parsing UTF8

    - by Jack
    I have the following issue with a UTF8 files structured as following: FIELD1§FIELD2§FIELD3§FIELD4 Looking at hexadecimal values of the file it uses A7 to codify §. So according to this codify it should be UTF8, but it's strange because A7 7F so 1 byte shouldn't be enough to codify §. So I tried using directly a BufferedReader with a specified charset: BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(input), utf8)) but when I try to tokenize the string with SmartTokenizer st = new SmartTokenizer(toTokenize, "§") (the SmartTokenizer is a modified version of the StringTokenizer that keeps empty tokens) no splitting occurs, and if I try to print the string I obtain FIELD1?FIELD2?FIELD3?... so § used in the file is different from the one specified as a the delimiter, and it's not able to print out it too. So what's the problem here? Maybe the original file should use 2 bytes to store §?

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  • libxml2dom and parsing

    - by Ockonal
    Hello, I have the html-content in some python-variable. Is it possible to use DOM for it? As I understand, libxml2dom is the tool for this. And about question. In my html there is div with id = 'some_needed_block'. In python-script: pageData = someHandler.read() pageDOM = libxml2dom.parseString(pageData, html=1) print pageDOM -> <libxml2dom.Document object at 0x2d160d0> block = pageDOM.getElementById('some_needed_block') print block -> <libxml2dom.Node object at 0xf5d1d0> def collect_text(node): s = "" for child_node in node.childNodes: if child_node.nodeType == child_node.TEXT_NODE: s += child_node.nodeValue else: s += collect_text(child_node) return s collect_text(block) -> for child_node in node.childNodes: -> AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'childNodes'

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  • Is there a way to circumvent Python list.append() becoming progressively slower in a loop as the lis

    - by Deniz
    I have a big file I'm reading from, and convert every few lines to an instance of an Object. Since I'm looping through the file, I stash the instance to a list using list.append(instance), and then continue looping. This is a file that's around ~100MB so it isn't too large, but as the list grows larger, the looping slows down progressively. (I print the time for each lap in the loop). This is not intrinsic to the loop ~ when I print every new instance as I loop through the file, the program progresses at constant speed ~ it is only when I append them to a list it gets slow. My friend suggested disabling garbage collection before the while loop and enabling it afterward & making a garbage collection call. Did anyone else observe a similar problem with list.append getting slower? Is there any other way to circumvent this?

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  • Connecting to Python XML RPC from the Mac

    - by MAC
    Hi, I wrote an XML RPC server in python and a simple Test Client for it in python. The Server runs on a linux box. I tested it by running the python client on the same linux machine and it works. I then tried to run the python client on a Mac and i get the following error socket.error: (61, 'Connection Refused') I can ping and ssh into the linux machine from the Mac. So i dont think its a configuration or firewall error. Does anyone have any idea what could be going wrong? The code for the client is as below: import xmlrpclib s = xmlrpclib.ServerProxy('http://143.252.249.141:8000') print s.GetUsers() print s.system.listMethods()

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  • Redmon's Run As User not loading user's enviroment variables

    - by catfish
    I'm attempting to use Redmon http://www.winimage.com/misc/redmon/ to send print jobs to a custom C# application. Redmon "runs" (actually the Print Spooler) as SYSTEM but has an option to Run As User to allow your application to run under the user that printed the job. The problem is that it doesn't appear to load the user's environment. So calling functions like Path.GetTempPath() points to \windows\temp instead of the user's. Also when attempting to run Outlook 2007+ via MAPI calls (to add attachments) it reports form errors due to, I think, the temp folder location. Is there a way to "reload" a profile or atleast get your environment vars within the Impersonated application? The only ideas I've had so far is to rebuild the vars directly from the registry, but I want to avoid this since it's a hack around (avoiding implementation details and all that). Or making a stub program that Redmon calls which then properly Run As User with full profile the custom application. Any other items or tricks?

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  • telnetlib python example

    - by de1337ed
    So I'm trying this really simple example given by the python docs: import getpass import sys import telnetlib HOST = "<HOST_IP>" user = raw_input("Enter your remote account: ") password = getpass.getpass() tn = telnetlib.Telnet(HOST) tn.read_until("login: ") tn.write(user + "\n") if password: tn.read_until("Password: ") tn.write(password + "\n") tn.write("ls\n") tn.write("exit\n") print tn.read_all() My issue is that it hangs at the end of the read_all()... It doesn't print anything out. I've never used this module before so I'm trying to get this really basic example to work before continuing. BTW, I'm using python 2.4 Thank you.

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  • Create a Python User() class that both creates new users and modifies existing users

    - by ensnare
    I'm trying to figure out the best way to create a class that can modify and create new users all in one. This is what I'm thinking: class User(object): def __init__(self,user_id): if user_id == -1 self.new_user = True else: self.new_user = False #fetch all records from db about user_id self._populateUser() def commit(self): if self.new_user: #Do INSERTs else: #Do UPDATEs def delete(self): if self.new_user == False: return False #Delete user code here def _populate(self): #Query self.user_id from database and #set all instance variables, e.g. #self.name = row['name'] def getFullName(self): return self.name #Create a new user >>u = User() >>u.name = 'Jason Martinez' >>u.password = 'linebreak' >>u.commit() >>print u.getFullName() >>Jason Martinez #Update existing user >>u = User(43) >>u.name = 'New Name Here' >>u.commit() >>print u.getFullName() >>New Name Here Is this a logical and clean way to do this? Is there a better way? Thanks.

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  • Common Pitfalls in Python

    - by Anurag Uniyal
    Today I was bitten again by "Mutable default arguments" after many years. I usually don't use mutable default arguments unless needed but I think with time I forgot about that, and today in the application I added tocElements=[] in a pdf generation function's argument list and now 'Table of Content' gets longer and longer after each invocation of "generate pdf" :) My question is what other things should I add to my list of things to MUST avoid? Mutable default arguments Import modules always same way e.g. from y import x and import x are different things, they are treated as different modules. Do not use range in place of lists because range() will become an iterator anyway, the following will fail: myIndexList = [0,1,3] isListSorted = myIndexList == range(3) # will fail in 3.0 isListSorted = myIndexList == list(range(3)) # will not same thing can be mistakenly done with xrange: `myIndexList == xrange(3)`. Catching multiple exceptions try: raise KeyError("hmm bug") except KeyError,TypeError: print TypeError It prints "hmm bug", though it is not a bug, it looks like we are catching exceptions of type KeyError,TypeError but instead we are catching KeyError only as variable TypeError, use this instead: try: raise KeyError("hmm bug") except (KeyError,TypeError): print TypeError

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  • How to handle value types when embedding IronPython in C#?

    - by kloffy
    There is a well known issue when it comes to using .NET value types in IronPython. This has recently caused me a headache when trying to use Python as an embedded scripting language in C#. The problem can be summed up as follows: Given a C# struct such as: struct Vector { public float x; public float y; } And a C# class such as: class Object { public Vector position; } The following will happen in IronPython: obj = Object() print obj.position.x # prints ‘0’ obj.position.x = 1 print obj.position.x # still prints ‘0’ As the article states, this means that value types are mostly immutable. However, this is a problem as I was planning on using a vector library that is implemented as seen above. Are there any workarounds for working with existing libraries that rely on value types? Modifying the library would be the very last resort, but I'd rather avoid that.

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  • Python - urllib2 & cookielib

    - by Adrian
    I am trying to open the following website and retrieve the initial cookie and use it for the second url-open BUT if you run the following code it outputs 2 different cookies. How do I use the initial cookie for the second url-open? import cookielib, urllib2 cj = cookielib.CookieJar() opener = urllib2.build_opener(urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor(cj)) home = opener.open('https://www.idcourts.us/repository/start.do') print cj search = opener.open('https://www.idcourts.us/repository/partySearch.do') print cj Output shows 2 different cookies every time as you can see: <cookielib.CookieJar[<Cookie JSESSIONID=0DEEE8331DE7D0DFDC22E860E065085F for www.idcourts.us/repository>]> <cookielib.CookieJar[<Cookie JSESSIONID=E01C2BE8323632A32DA467F8A9B22A51 for www.idcourts.us/repository>]>

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  • Making Python scripts work on MAMP

    - by Ravi Teja
    Hello All Python Pro's , I'm using mamp server for testing out all my web pages. I'm new to python. I'm able to run a script in python interpreter that will normally print a hello world. print "Hello World!" So i used the same line in a file with name test.py . So how should I run this on web. As am new to python, i tried some normal things, placing test.py in /htdocs/cgi-bin/ and trying to open it. But it says forbidden page. Anyone please help me making this work. Thanks

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  • Inherit a parent class docstring as __doc__ attribute

    - by Reinout van Rees
    There is a question about Inherit docstrings in Python class inheritance, but the answers there deal with method docstrings. My question is how to inherit a docstring of a parent class as the __doc__ attribute. The usecase is that Django rest framework generates nice documentation in the html version of your API based on your view classes' docstrings. But when inheriting a base class (with a docstring) in a class without a docstring, the API doesn't show the docstring. It might very well be that sphinx and other tools do the right thing and handle the docstring inheritance for me, but django rest framework looks at the (empty) .__doc__ attribute. class ParentWithDocstring(object): """Parent docstring""" pass class SubClassWithoutDoctring(ParentWithDocstring): pass parent = ParentWithDocstring() print parent.__doc__ # Prints "Parent docstring". subclass = SubClassWithoutDoctring() print subclass.__doc__ # Prints "None" I've tried something like super(SubClassWithoutDocstring, self).__doc__, but that also only got me a None.

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