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• Regressing panel data in SAS.

  - by John

  Hey Guys, thanks to your help I succesfully managed all my databases! I am now looking at a panel data set on which I have to regress. Since I only started my Phd this semester together with the econometrics courses I am still new to many statistic applications and regression methods. I want to do a simple regression as in Y = x1 x2 x3 etc, now I already browsed through some literature and found that for panel data it's common to do a fixed effects regression. Also, my Y variable only has positive values so I was thinking in the direction of a Tobit model? I'm doing some research concerning the coverage of analysts in the financial business. My independent variable is the coverage of analysts on a certain firm, so per observation i have 1 analyst and 1 firm, together with different characteristics(market cap and betas etc) of the firm. All this data is monthly. As coverage cannot become negative (only 0) I was thinking of a Tobit model? Do you guys have any ideas what would be a good regression method? Or have some good sources (e books, written books, through university I have access to almost anything concerning my field of work) of information (cause I do have to learn these things for future research)? Thanks!

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• Is a red-black tree my ideal data structure?

  - by Hugo van der Sanden

  I have a collection of items (big rationals) that I'll be processing. In each case, processing will consist of removing the smallest item in the collection, doing some work, and then adding 0-2 new items (which will always be larger than the removed item). The collection will be initialised with one item, and work will continue until it is empty. I'm not sure what size the collection is likely to reach, but I'd expect in the range 1M-100M items. I will not need to locate any item other than the smallest. I'm currently planning to use a red-black tree, possibly tweaked to keep a pointer to the smallest item. However I've never used one before, and I'm unsure whether my pattern of use fits its characteristics well. 1) Is there a danger the pattern of deletion from the left + random insertion will affect performance, eg by requiring a significantly higher number of rotations than random deletion would? Or will delete and insert operations still be O(log n) with this pattern of use? 2) Would some other data structure give me better performance, either because of the deletion pattern or taking advantage of the fact I only ever need to find the smallest item? Update: glad I asked, the binary heap is clearly a better solution for this case, and as promised turned out to be very easy to implement. Hugo

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• whats wrong with this ruby hash?

  - by yaya3

  I'm pretty new to ruby, I keep getting the following error: in gem_original_require': ./helpers/navigation.rb:28: odd number list for Hash (SyntaxError) Any help appreciated... module Sinatra::Navigation def navigation @navigation nav = { primary[0] = { :title => "cheddar", :active => false, :children => { { :title => "cheese", :active => false }, { :title => "ham", :active => false } } }, primary[1] = { :title => "gorgonzola", :active => false, :children => { { :title => "What is the cheese?", :active => false }, { :title => "What cheese", :active => false }, { :title => "What does the cheese tell us?", :active => false, :children => { { :title => "Cheessus", :active => false }, { :title => "The impact of different cheeses / characteristics for cheese in relation to CHSE outcomes", :active => false } } } } } }

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• Thread Local Memory, Using std::string's internal buffer for c-style Scratch Memory.

  - by Hassan Syed

  I am using Protocol Buffers and OpensSSL to generate, HMACs and then CBC encrypt the two fields to obfuscate the session cookies -- similar Kerberos tokens. Protocol Buffers' API communicates with std::strings and has a buffer caching mechanism; I exploit the caching mechanism, for successive calls in the the same thread, by placing it in thread local memory; additionally the OpenSSL HMAC and EVP CTX's are also placed in the same thread local memory structure ( see this question for some detail on why I use thread local memory and the massive amount of speedup it enables even with a single thread). The generation and deserialization, "my algorithms", of these cookie strings uses intermediary void *s and std::strings and since Protocol Buffers has an internal memory retention mechanism I want these characteristics for "my algorithms". So how do I implement a common scratch memory ? I don't know much about the rdbuf(streambuf - strinbuf ??) of the std::string object. I would presumeably need to grow it to the lowest common size ever encountered during the execution of "my algorithms". Thoughts ? My question I guess would be: " is the internal buffer of a string re-usable, and if so, how ?" Edit: See comments to Vlad's answer please.

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• Calling unmanaged code from within C#

  - by Charles Gargent

  I am trying to use a dll in my c# program but I just cant seem to get it to work. I have made a test app shown below. The return value is 0, however it does not actually do what it is supposed to do. Whereas the following command does work: rundll32 cmproxy.dll,SetProxy /source_filename proxy-1.txt /backup_filename roxy.bak /DialRasEntry NULL /TunnelRasEntry DSLVPN /Profile "C:\Documents and ettings\Administrator\Application Data\Microsoft\Network\Connections\Cm\dslvpn.cmp" Code: using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Security.Cryptography; using System.Runtime.InteropServices; using System.Net; using WUApiLib; namespace nac { class Program { [DllImport("cmproxy.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)] static extern int SetProxy(string cmdLine); static void Main(string[] args) { string cmdLine = @"/source_filename proxy-1.txt /backup_filename proxy.bak /DialRasEntry NULL /TunnelRasEntry DSLVPN /Profile ""C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Application Data\Microsoft\Network\Connections\Cm\dslvpn.cmp"""; Console.WriteLine(SetProxy(cmdLine)); } } } Here is the contents of the dumpbin /exports command File Type: DLL Section contains the following exports for cmproxy.dll 00000000 characteristics 3E7FEF8C time date stamp Tue Mar 25 05:56:28 2003 0.00 version 1 ordinal base 1 number of functions 1 number of names ordinal hint RVA name 1 0 00001B68 SetProxy Summary 1000 .data 1000 .reloc 1000 .rsrc 2000 .text When this works it sets the proxy server for a VPN connection.

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• What ORM for .NET should I use?

  - by eKek0

  I'm relatively new to .NET and have being using Linq2Sql for a almost a year, but it lacks some of the features I'm looking for now. I'm going to start a new project in which I want to use an ORM with the following characteristics: It has to be very productive, I don't want to be dealing with the access layer to save or retrieve objects from or to the database, but it should allows me to easily tweak any object before actually commit it to the database; also it should allows me to work easily with a changing database schema It should allows me to extend the objects mapped from the database, for example to add virtual attributes to them (virtual columns to a table) It has to be (at least almost) database agnostic, it should allows me to work with different databases in a transparent way It has to have not so much configuration or must be based on conventions to make it work It should allows me to work with Linq So, do you know any ORM that I could use? Thank you for your help. EDIT I know that an option is to use NHibernate. This appears as the facto standard for enterprise level applications, but also it seems that is not very productive because its deep learning curve. In other way, I have read in some other post here in SO that it doesn't integrate well with Linq. Is all of that true?

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• Interface for reading variable length files with header and footer.

  - by John S

  I could use some hints or tips for a decent interface for reading file of special characteristics. The files in question has a header (~120 bytes), a body (1 byte - 3gb) and a footer (4 bytes). The header contains information about the body and the footer is only a simple CRC32-value of the body. I use Java so my idea was to extend the "InputStream" class and add a constructor such as "public MyInStream( InputStream in)" where I immediately read the header and the direct the overridden read()'s the body. Problem is, I can't give the user of the class the CRC32-value until the whole body has been read. Because the file can be 3gb large, putting it all in memory is a be an idea. Reading it all in to a temporary file is going to be a performance hit if there are many small files. I don't know how large the file is because the InputStream doesn't have to be a file, it could be a socket. Looking at it again, maybe extending InputStream is a bad idea. Thank you for reading the confused thoughts of a tired programmer. :)

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• Button outside view... how to make it work

  - by Mike

  I have a UIImageView based class that creates objects with the following characteristics: a small image square and a UITextView below. If the user drags the object by the image it can drag it around. If the user taps on the UITextView the keyboard has to appear and the user can change the text on it. The objects created by the class are like this: 1) the object creates a 60x60 pixels frame 2) puts an image inside that frame 3) creates a UITextView and puts it below that 60x60 frame. So, as the class is a UIImageView based and it creates an image with 60x60 pixels and the UITextView is located outside that area, in theory the text view is outside the area the tapping are for that object. Obviously I could make the class create a big square to encompass the image and the text view, but that frame would be too big and I have the objects created by this class to be as close as possible when I add them to another view. I could also create the text views from the same view I created the objects, but I would have to manage each object and each correspondent text view and I need them to move together... so, I have a problem. Any ideas on a simplest way to do that?

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• Google Maps in Drupal: reference to gmap object from JavaScript

  - by user280817

  Is there a way to obtain JavaScript references to the Google maps that are embedded into Drupal pages by the GMap module? I want to be able to manipulate the maps in these pages. I want to pan and zoom them. But I cannot find a reference to an embedded map object. I've dissected the relevant JavaScript objects Drupal.gmap and Drupal.settings.gmap with no success--unless I've overlooked something. The Drupal GMap module doesn't seem to explicitly provide references (within its API) to the GMap objects that it embeds into pages. It just generates themed text which is interpolated into the page. The technique of passing the HTML ID of the map container to either the GMap2 object constructor or the similar Drupal.gmap.getMap() function in order to obtain a map reference doesn't appear to work: Both simply return an instance to a new map, one having the same dimensions and basic characteristics of the original map, but apparently sans all of its overlays (which could contain markers). And I have to call setCenter() on it before I can use it, which initializes the structure, so I know it has no overlays.

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• How to bundle extension methods requiring configuration in a library

  - by Greg

  Hi, I would like to develop a library that I can re-use to add various methods involved in navigating/searching through a graph (nodes/relationships, or if you like vertexs/edges). The generic requirements would be: There are existing classes in the main project that already implement the equivalent of the graph class (which contains the lists of nodes / relationships), node class and relationship class (which links nodes together) - the main project likely already has persistence mechanisms for the info (e.g. these classes might be built using Entity Framework for persistance) Methods would need to be added to each of these 3 classes: (a) graph class - methods like "search all nodes", (b) node class - methods such as "find all children to depth i", c) relationship class - methods like "return relationship type", "get parent node", "get child node". I assume there would be a need to inform the library with the extending methods the class names for the graph/node/relationships table (as different project might use different names). To some extent it would need to be like how a generics collection works (where you pass the classes to the collection so it knows what they are). Need to be a way to inform the library of which node property to use for equality checks perhaps (e.g. if it were a graph of webpages the equality field to use might be the URI path) I'm assuming that using abstract base classes wouldn't really work as this would tie usage down to have to use the same persistence approach, and same class names etc. Whereas really I want to be able to, for a project that has "graph-like" characteristics, the ability to add graph searching/walking methods to it.

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• Web Shop Schema - Document Db

  - by Maxem

  I'd like to evaluate a document db, probably mongo db in an ASP.Net MVC web shop. A little reasoning at the beginning: There are about 2 million products. The product model would be pretty bad for rdbms as there'd be many different kinds of products with unique attributes. For example, there'd be books which have isbn, authors, title, pages etc as well as dvds with play time, directors, artists etc and quite a few more types. In the end, I'd have about 9 different products with a combined column count (counting common columns like title only once) of about 70 to 100 whereas each individual product has 15 columns at most. The three commonly used ways in RDBMS would be: EAV model which would have pretty bad performance characteristics and would make it either impractical or perform even worse if I'd like to display the author of a book in a list of different products (think start page, recommended products etc.). Ignore the column count and put it all in the product table: Although I deal with somewhat bigger databases (row wise), I don't have any experience with tables with more than 20 columns as far as performance is concered but I guess 100 columns would have some implications. Create a table for each product type: I personally don't like this approach as it complicates everything else. C# Driver / Classes: I'd like to use the NoRM driver and so far I think i'll try to create a product dto that contains all properties (grouped within detail classes like book details, except for those properties that should be displayed on list views etc.). In the app I'll use BookBehavior / DvdBehaviour which are wrappers around a product dto but only expose the revelent Properties. My questions now: Are my performance concerns with the many columns approach valid? Did I overlook something and there is a much better way to do it in an RDBMS? Is MongoDb on Windows stable enough? Does my approach with different behaviour wrappers make sense?

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• How to start writing out an existing AudioQueue in response to an event?

  - by Halle

  Hello, I am writing a class that opens an AudioQueue and analyzes its characteristics, and then under certain conditions can begin or end writing out a file from that AudioQueue that is already instantiated. This is my code (entirely based on SpeakHere) that opens the AudioQueue without writing anything out to tmp: void AQRecorder::StartListen() { int i, bufferByteSize; UInt32 size; try { SetupAudioFormat(kAudioFormatLinearPCM); XThrowIfError(AudioQueueNewInput(&mRecordFormat, MyInputBufferHandler, this, NULL, NULL, 0, &mQueue), "AudioQueueNewInput failed"); mRecordPacket = 0; size = sizeof(mRecordFormat); XThrowIfError(AudioQueueGetProperty(mQueue, kAudioQueueProperty_StreamDescription, &mRecordFormat, &size), "couldn't get queue's format"); bufferByteSize = ComputeRecordBufferSize(&mRecordFormat, kBufferDurationSeconds); for (i = 0; i < kNumberRecordBuffers; ++i) { XThrowIfError(AudioQueueAllocateBuffer(mQueue, bufferByteSize, &mBuffers[i]), "AudioQueueAllocateBuffer failed"); XThrowIfError(AudioQueueEnqueueBuffer(mQueue, mBuffers[i], 0, NULL), "AudioQueueEnqueueBuffer failed"); } mIsRunning = true; XThrowIfError(AudioQueueStart(mQueue, NULL), "AudioQueueStart failed"); } catch (CAXException &e) { char buf[256]; fprintf(stderr, "Error: %s (%s)\n", e.mOperation, e.FormatError(buf)); } catch (...) { fprintf(stderr, "An unknown error occurred\n"); } } But I'm a little unclear on how to write a function that will tell this queue "from now until the stop signal, start writing out this queue to tmp as a file". I understand how to tell an AudioQueue to write out as a file at the time that it's created, how to set files format, etc, but not how to tell it to start and stop midstream. Much appreciative of any pointers, thanks.

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• ADO.NET Multiple simultaneous reads from an open database.

  - by Deverill

  Answer not needed - my logic was wrong and this question is invalid. Charles helped me see where I went off-tracks. Thanks I have a utility that moves data from one source to another. In the process of writing the record I check to see if it exists and do an update/insert as necessary. The difficulty I have is that as I'm writing the main record info there is a 2nd table for "custom data" that I have to check to see if it exists and do an update/insert for that as well. Example: I may be loading a pencil sharpener that may or may not exist. While I'm writing it into destination it has characteristics such as style, color, etc. and each of them may or may not exist. As written I seem to need to have 2 DataReaders open, one for the sharpener and one to check for and update color. I am new to ADO.NET, but not to programming and it's more complicated than I listed but for sanity's sake I didn't put all the details. My question is: What am I missing? You can't have 2 readers open at the same time on a connection, yet I can't close the first if I'm stepping through all products. It seems inefficient to have 2 connections, readers, etc. for this. Is there a feature of ADO.NET DBs that I'm missing? How would you do it? Thanks!

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• Cross-Platform Camera API

  - by Karim

  Hi, I'm now building a video transforming filter that have to transform video frames in real-time. One of the key requirements of the filter is to have high performance to minimize the number of dropped frames during the transform. Another requirement that is of lower priority but also nice to have is to make it cross-platform (both PC's and Mobile devices). The application is built in C++. Now my question is: is there any API that is more portable and has a similar or better performance characteristics than DirectShow? as DirectShow's portability is only limited to Windows-based devices (PCs and Windows Mobile&CE platforms). Also I've notices that for example using HTC's custom camera API has far better performance than what DirectShow offers. If you want to check this, try to build a filter in DirectShow that will multiply each color by 2 and render that in real-time from camera on the screen. Then do the same with HTC's API. There is almost 4-5x performance boost with vendor's specific API. So it'd be very nice if the library used the device-specific implementation of the driver, as performance is critical when doing this transforms on a mobile device (which is about ~500 MHz).

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• What is an elegant way to solve this max and min problem in Ruby or Python?

  - by ????

  The following can be done by step by step, somewhat clumsy way, but I wonder if there are elegant method to do it. There is a page: http://www.mariowiki.com/Mario_Kart_Wii, where there are 2 tables... there is Mario - 6 2 2 3 - - Luigi 2 6 - - - - - Diddy Kong - - 3 - 3 - 5 [...] The name "Mario", etc are the Mario Kart Wii character names. The numbers are for bonus points for: Speed Weight Acceleration Handling Drift Off-Road Mini-Turbo and then there is table 2 Standard Bike S 39 21 51 51 54 43 48 Out Bullet Bike 53 24 32 35 67 29 67 In Bubble Bike / Jet Bubble 48 27 40 40 45 35 37 In [...] These are also the characteristics for the Bike or Kart. I wonder what's the most elegant solution for finding all the maximum combinations of Speed, Weight, Acceleration, etc, and also for the minimum, either by directly using the HTML on that page or copy and pasting the numbers into a text file. Actually, in that character table, Mario to Bower Jr are all medium characters, Baby Mario to Dry Bones are small characters, and the rest are all big characters, except the small, medium, or large Mii are just as what the name says. Small characters can only ride small bike or small kart, and so forth for medium and large.

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• optimize 2D array in C++

  - by Hristo

  I'm dealing with a 2D array with the following characteristics: const int cols = 500; const int rows = 100; int arr[rows][cols]; I access array arr in the following manner to do some work: for(int k = 0; k < T; ++k) { // for each trainee myscore[k] = 0; for(int i = 0; i < N; ++i) { // for each sample for(int j = 0; j < E[i]; ++j) { // for each expert myscore[k] += delta(i, anotherArray[k][i], arr[j][i]); } } } So I am worried about the array 'arr' and not the other one. I need to make this more cache-friendly and also boost the speed. I was thinking perhaps transposing the array but I wasn't sure how to do that. My implementation turns out to only work for square matrices. How would I make it work for non-square matrices? Also, would mapping the 2D array into a 1D array boost the performance? If so, how would I do that? Finally, any other advice on how else I can optimize this... I've run out of ideas, but I know that arr[j][i] is the place where I need to make changes because I'm accessing columns by columns instead of rows by rows so that is not cache friendly at all. Thanks, Hristo

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• Flex 3 - Image flickers at first load

  - by BS_C3

  Hello Community! I have an application with different components that are accessible through a viewstack in the main application. The main application looks like that: <Application> <Viewstack> <myComponent1/> <myComponent2/> <myComponent3/> . . . </Viewstack> </Application> In myComponent1, I have a horizontalList where the user can select a product. In myComponent2, I have 2 containers inside the component. A left container with a larger image of the product selected in myComponent1 and a right container with all characteristics of the product. Both containers have an embed background image. When I select a product in myComponent1, the application displays myComponent2. When the component is displayed, I first see the page without the large image of the product, then both containers flickers and the product image is displayed. How could I avoid this flickering? It's really annoying _< Thanks in advance for your help =) Regards. BS_C3

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• What OOP pattern to use when only adding new methods, not data?

  - by Jonathon Reinhart

  Hello eveyone... In my app, I have deal with several different "parameters", which derive from IParameter interface, and also ParamBase abstract base class. I currently have two different parameter types, call them FooParameter and BarParameter, which both derive from ParamBase. Obviously, I can treat them both as IParameters when I need to deal with them generically, or detect their specific type when I need to handle their specific functionality. My question lies in specific FooParameters. I currently have a few specific ones with their own classes which derive from FooParameter, we'll call them FP12, FP13, FP14, etc. These all have certain characteristics, which make me treat them differently in the UI. (Most have names associated with the individual bits, or ranges of bits). Note that these specific, derived FP's have no additional data associated with them, only properties (which refer to the same data in different ways) or methods. Now, I'd like to keep all of these parameters in a Dictionary<String, IParameter> for easy generic access. The problem is, if I want to refer to a specific one with the special GUI functions, I can't write: FP12 fp12 = (FP12)paramList["FP12"] because you can't downcast to a derived type (rightfully so). But in my case, I didn't add any data, so the cast would theoretically work. What type of programming model should I be using instead? Thanks!

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• In SQL can I return a tables with a varying number of columns

  - by Matt

  I have a somewhat more complicated scenario, but I think it should be possible. I have a large SPROC whose result is a set of characteristics for a set of persons. So the Table would look something like this: Property | Client1 Client 2 Client3 ----------------------------------------------------------- Sex | M F M Age | 67 56 67 Income | Low Mid Low It's built using cursors, iterating over different datasets. The problem I am facing is that there is a varying number of Clients and Properties, so an equally valid result over different input sets might be: Property | Client1 Client 2 ------------------------------------------- Sex | M F Age | 67 56 Weight | 122 122 The different number of properties is easy, those are just extra rows. My problem is that I need to declare a temporary table with a varying number of columns. There could be 2 clients or 100. Every client in guaranteed to have every property ultimately listed. What SQL structure would statisfy this and how can I declare it and insert things into it? I can't just flip the columns and rows either because there is a variable number of each.

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• What library can I use to do simple, lightweight message passing?

  - by Mike

  I will be starting a project which requires communication between distributed nodes(the project is in C++). I need a lightweight message passing library to pass very simple messages(basically just strings of text) between nodes. The library must have the following characteristics: No external setup required. I need to be able to get everything up-and-running in my code - I don't want to require the user to install any packages or edit any configuration files(other than a list of IP addresses and ports to connect to). The underlying protocol which the library uses must be TCP(or if it is UDP, the library must guarantee the eventual receipt of the message). The library must be able to send and receive arbitrarily large strings(think up to 3GB+). The library needn't support any security mechanisms, fault tolerance, or encryption - I just need it to be fast, simple, and easy to use. I've considered MPI, but concluded it would require too much setup on the user's machine for my project. What library would you recommend for such a project? I would roll my own, but due to time constraints, I don't think that will be feasible.

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• Flex 3 - Remove image flickering

  - by BS_C3

  Hello Community! I have an application with different components that are accessible through a viewstack in the main application. The main application looks like that: <Application> <Viewstack> <myComponent1/> <myComponent2/> <myComponent3/> . . . </Viewstack> </Application> In myComponent1, I have a horizontalList where the user can select a product. In myComponent2, I have 2 containers inside the component. A left container with a larger image of the product selected in myComponent1 and a right container with all characteristics of the product. Both containers have an embed background image. When I select a product in myComponent1, the application displays myComponent2. When the component is displayed, I first see the page without the large image of the product, then both containers flickers and the product image is displayed. How could I avoid this flickering? It's really annoying _< Thanks in advance for your help =) Regards. BS_C3

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• Continuous build infrastructure recommendations for primarily C++; GreenHills Integrity

  - by andersoj

  I need your recommendations for continuous build products for a large (1-2MLOC) software development project. Characteristics: ClearCase revision control Approx 80% C++; 15% Java; 5% script or low-level Compiles for Green Hills Integrity OS, but also some windows and JVM chunks Mostly an embedded system; also includes some UI pieces and some development support (simulation tools, config tools, etc...) Each notional "version" of the deliverable includes deployment images for a number of boards, UI machines, etc... (~10 separate images; 5 distinct operating systems) Need to maintain/track many simultaneous versions which, notably, are built for a variety of different board support packages Build cycle time is a major issue on the project, need support for whatever features help address this (mostly need to manage a large farm of build machines, I guess..) Operates in a secure environment (this is a gov't program) (Edited to add: This is a classified program; outsourcing the build infrastructure is a non-starter.) Interested in any best practices or peripheral guidance you might offer. The build automation issues is one of several overlapping best practices that appear to be missing on the program, but try to keep your answers focused on build infrastructure piece and observations directly related. Cost is not an object. Scalability and ease of retrofitting onto an existing infrastructure are key. JA

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• How do I fix the alpha value after calling GDI text functions?

  - by Daniel Stutzbach

  I have a application that uses the Aero glass effect, so each pixel has an alpha value in addition to red, green, and blue values. I have one custom-draw control that has a solid white background (alpha = 255). I would like to draw solid text on the control using the GDI text functions. However, these functions set the alpha value to an arbitrary value, causing the text to translucently show whatever window is beneath my application's. After calling rendering the text, I would like to go through all of the pixels in the control and set their alpha value back to 255. What's the best way to do that? I haven't had any luck with the BitBlt, GetPixel, and SetPixel functions. They appear to be oblivious to the alpha value. Here are other solutions that I have considered and rejected: Draw to a bitmap, then copy the bitmap to the device: With this approach, the text rendering does not make use of the characteristics of the monitor (e.g., ClearText). Use GDI+ for text rendering: This application originally used GDI+ for text rendering (before I started working on Aero support). I switched to GDI because of difficulties I encountered trying to accurately measure strings with GDI+. I'd rather not switch back. Set the Aero region to avoid the control in question: My application's window is actually a child window of a different application running in a different process. I don't have direct control over the Aero settings on the top-level window. The application is written in C# using Windows Forms, though I'm not above using Interop to call Win32 API functions.

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• Is there a Java data structure that is effectively an ArrayList with double indicies and built-in in

  - by Bob Cross

  I am looking for a pre-built Java data structure with the following characteristics: It should look something like an ArrayList but should allow indexing via double-precision rather than integers. Note that this means that it's likely that you'll see indicies that don't line up with the original data points (i.e., asking for the value that corresponds to key "1.5"). As a consequence, the value returned will likely be interpolated. For example, if the key is 1.5, the value returned could be the average of the value at key 1.0 and the value at key 2.0. The keys will be sorted but the values are not ensured to be monotonically increasing. In fact, there's no assurance that the first derivative of the values will be continuous (making it a poor fit for certain types of splines). Freely available code only, please. For clarity, I know how to write such a thing. In fact, we already have an implementation of this and some related data structures in legacy code that I want to replace due to some performance and coding issues. What I'm trying to avoid is spending a lot of time rolling my own solution when there might already be such a thing in the JDK, Apache Commons or another standard library. Frankly, that's exactly the approach that got this legacy code into the situation that it's in right now.... Is there such a thing out there in a freely available library?

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• Code Golf: Connecting the dots

  - by ChristopheD

  Description: The input are multiple lines (terminated by a newline) which describe a 'field'. There are 'numbers' scattered across this field: the numbers always start at 1 they follow the ordering of the natural numbers: every 'next number' is incremented with 1 every number is surrounded by (at least) one whitespace on it's left and right Task: Draw lines between these numbers in their natural order (1 -> 2 -> 3 -> ...N) with the following characteristics: replace a number with a '+' character for horizontal lines: use '-' for vertical lines: use '|' going left and down or right and up: / going left and up or right and down: \ Important note: When drawing lines of type 4 and 5 you can assume that : (given points to connect with coordinates x1, y1 and x2, y2) distance(x1,x2) == distance(y1,y2). Have a look at the examples to see where you should 'attach' the lines. It is important to follow the order in which the dots are connected (newer lines can be drawn over older lines). Sample input 1 9 10 8 7 6 5 11 13 12 3 4 14 15 16 1 2 Sample output 1 /+ / | / | +/ +--+ | +\ | \ | \+ /+ | / | /+-------------+/ +---+ / | +--+ | + | +--------------------------+ Sample input 2 4 2 3 5 6 1 8 7 Sample output 2 /+ / | / | / | /+------------------+/ +--------+\ / \ +/ +--------------------------------------+ Winner: shortest solution (by code count). Input can be read via command line.

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