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  • What Design Pattern is separating transform converters

    - by RevMoon
    For converting a Java object model into XML I am using the following design: For different types of objects (e.g. primitive types, collections, null, etc.) I define each its own converter, which acts appropriate with respect to the given type. This way it can easily extended without adding code to a huge if-else-then construct. The converters are chosen by a method which tests whether the object is convertable at all and by using a priority ordering. The priority ordering is important so let's say a List is not converted by the POJO converter, even though it is convertable as such it would be more appropriate to use the collection converter. What design pattern is that? I can only think of a similarity to the command pattern.

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  • Design Pattern for Data Validation

    - by melodui
    What would be the best design pattern for this problem: I have an Object A. Object A can either be registered or deleted from the database depending on the user request. Data validation is performed before registration or deletion of the object. There are a set of rules to be checked before the object can be registered and another set of rules for deletion. Some of these rules are common for both operations. So far, I think the Chain of Responsibility design pattern fits the most but I'm having trouble implementing it.

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  • SOA Anti-pattern: Nanoservices

    After a long hiatus, I guess it is time for another SOA anti-pattern to see the light. It is probably also a good time to remind you that I am looking for your insights on this project. In any event I hope youd find this anti-pattern useful and as always comments are more than welcomed (do keep in mind this is an unedited draft :) ) ------------------------------------- There are many unsolved mysteries, youve probably heard about some of them like the Loch...Did you know that DotNetSlackers also publishes .net articles written by top known .net Authors? We already have over 80 articles in several categories including Silverlight. Take a look: here.

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  • Composite operations in Android Canvas

    - by kayahr
    I'm just starting with Android development and I'm coming from JavaScript/HTML world so I'm currently investigating the possibilities of the Android SDK. The HTML 5 canvas supports composite operations (See here). Is this possible in an Android Canvas? I scanned the API of the Canvas class but couldn't find anything useful. I need at least the composite operation "source-in" or (if this isn't possible) "source-atop".

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  • User controls & Composite web server controls

    - by Shekhar_Pro
    Well Its both a poll and a question. Which approach should i prefer when it comes to writing a custom control in ASP.Net. Should i create a custom User control or should I create a Composite Web Server control. And how about adding a Designer support to the composite control. How are they different from each other and their Pros and Cons. Differentiating with an example of each will be preferable.

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  • RewriteRule applying pattern even though 1 of the RewriteCond's failed

    - by BHare
    #www. domain . tld RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} (?:.*\.)?([^.]+)\.(?:[^.]+)$ RewriteCond /home/%1/ -d RewriteRule ^(.+) %{HTTP_HOST}$1 RewriteRule (?:.*\.)?([^.]+)\.(?:[^.]+)/media/(.*)$ /home/$1/client/media/$2 [L] RewriteRule (?:.*\.)?([^.]+)\.(?:[^.]+)/(.*)$ /home/$1/www/$2 [L] Here is rewritelog output: #(4) RewriteCond: input='tfnoo.mydomain.org' pattern='(?:.*\.)?([^.]+)\.(?:[^.]+)$' [NC] => matched #(4) RewriteCond: input='/home/mydomain/' pattern='-d' => not-matched #(3) applying pattern '(?:.*\.)?([^.]+)\.(?:[^.]+)/media/(.*)$' to uri 'http://www.mydomain.org/files/images/logo.png' #(3) applying pattern '(?:.*\.)?([^.]+)\.(?:[^.]+)/(.*)$' to uri 'http://www.mydomain.org/files/images/logo.png' #(2) rewrite 'http://www.mydomain.org/files/images/logo.png' -> '/home/mydomain/www/logo.png' If you note on the 2nd 4 it failed the -d (if directory exists) pattern. Which is correct. mydomain does not have a /home/. Therefore it should never rewrite, atleast according to my understanding that all rewriterules are subject to rewriteconds as logical ANDs.

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  • Python regex look-behind requires fixed-width pattern

    - by invictus
    Hi When trying to extract the title of a html-page I have always used the following regex: (?<=<title.*>)([\s\S]*)(?=</title>) Which will extract everything between the tags in a document and ignore the tags themselves. However, when trying to use this regex in Python it raises the following Exception: Traceback (most recent call last): File "test.py", line 21, in pattern = re.compile('(?<=)([\s\S]*)(?=)') File "C:\Python31\lib\re.py", line 205, in compile return _compile(pattern, flags) File "C:\Python31\lib\re.py", line 273, in _compile p = sre_compile.compile(pattern, flags) File "C:\Python31\lib\sre_compile.py", line 495, in compile code = _code(p, flags) File "C:\Python31\lib\sre_compile.py", line 480, in _code _compile(code, p.data, flags) File "C:\Python31\lib\sre_compile.py", line 115, in _compile raise error("look-behind requires fixed-width pattern") sre_constants.error: look-behind requires fixed-width pattern The code I am using is: pattern = re.compile('(?<=<title.*>)([\s\S]*)(?=</title>)') m = pattern.search(f) if I do some minimal adjustments it works: pattern = re.compile('(?<=<title>)([\s\S]*)(?=</title>)') m = pattern.search(f) This will, however, not take into account potential html titles that for some reason have attributes or similar. Anyone know a good workaround for this issue? Any tips are appreciated.

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  • Identify "Composite Document File"

    - by Steven
    In a folder containing several PowerPoint Presentations and Spreadsheets, I discovered the following file: Name: ppt115.tmp Size: 160 MB Meta: No EXIF or other metadata Type: (as identified by the cygwin / linux program 'file') Composite Document File V2 Document, No summary info Notes: The filename does not correspond to other files in the directory. Neither MS Power Point nor Excel can open the file. MS Word will only attempt to recover text. Please help me identify this file. Is it just a temporary file that I can safely remove?

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  • How does pattern matching work behind the scenes in F#?

    - by kryptic
    Hello Everyone, I am completely new to F# (and functional programming in general) but I see pattern matching used everywhere in sample code. I am wondering for example how pattern matching actually works? For example, I imagine it working the same as a for loop in other languages and checking for matches on each item in a collection. This is probably far from correct, how does it actually work behind the scenes?

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  • Fluent NHibernate IDictionary with composite element mapping

    - by Alessandro Di Lello
    Hi there, i have these 2 classes: public class Category { IDictionary<string, CategoryResorce> _resources; } public class CategoryResource { public virtual string Name { get; set; } public virtual string Description { get; set; } } and this is xml mapping <class name="Category" table="Categories"> <id name="ID"> <generator class="identity"/> </id> <map name="Resources" table="CategoriesResources" lazy="false"> <key column="EntityID" /> <index column="LangCode" type="string"/> <composite-element class="Aca3.Models.Resources.CategoryResource"> <property name="Name" column="Name" /> <property name="Description" column="Description"/> </composite-element> </map> </class> and i'd like to write it with Fluent. I found something similar and i was trying with this code: HasMany(x => x.Resources) .AsMap<string>("LangCode") .AsIndexedCollection<string>("LangCode", c => c.GetIndexMapping()) .Cascade.All() .KeyColumn("EntityID"); but i dont know how to map the CategoryResource entity as a composite element inside the Category element. Any advice ? thanks

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  • Design patterns frequently seen in embedded systems programming

    - by softwarelover
    I don't have any question related to coding. My concerns are about embedded systems programming independent of any particular programming language. Because I am new in the realm of embedded programming, I would quite appreciate responses from those who consider themselves experienced embedded systems programmers. I basically have 2 questions. Of the design patterns listed below are there any seen frequently in embedded systems programming? Abstraction-Occurrence pattern General Hierarchy pattern Player-Role pattern Singleton pattern Observer pattern Delegation pattern Adapter pattern Facade pattern Immutable pattern Read-Only Interface pattern Proxy pattern As an experienced embedded developer, what design patterns have you, as an individual, come across? There is no need to describe the details. Only the pattern names would suffice. Please share your own experience. I believe the answers to the above questions would work as a good starting point for any novice programmers in the embedded world.

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  • Improvements to Joshua Bloch's Builder Design Pattern?

    - by Jason Fotinatos
    Back in 2007, I read an article about Joshua Blochs take on the "builder pattern" and how it could be modified to improve the overuse of constructors and setters, especially when an object has a large number of properties, most of which are optional. A brief summary of this design pattern is articled here [http://rwhansen.blogspot.com/2007/07/theres-builder-pattern-that-joshua.html]. I liked the idea, and have been using it since. The problem with it, while it is very clean and nice to use from the client perspective, implementing it can be a pain in the bum! There are so many different places in the object where a single property is reference, and thus creating the object, and adding a new property takes a lot of time. So...I had an idea. First, an example object in Joshua Bloch's style: Josh Bloch Style: public class OptionsJoshBlochStyle { private final String option1; private final int option2; // ...other options here <<<< public String getOption1() { return option1; } public int getOption2() { return option2; } public static class Builder { private String option1; private int option2; // other options here <<<<< public Builder option1(String option1) { this.option1 = option1; return this; } public Builder option2(int option2) { this.option2 = option2; return this; } public OptionsJoshBlochStyle build() { return new OptionsJoshBlochStyle(this); } } private OptionsJoshBlochStyle(Builder builder) { this.option1 = builder.option1; this.option2 = builder.option2; // other options here <<<<<< } public static void main(String[] args) { OptionsJoshBlochStyle optionsVariation1 = new OptionsJoshBlochStyle.Builder().option1("firefox").option2(1).build(); OptionsJoshBlochStyle optionsVariation2 = new OptionsJoshBlochStyle.Builder().option1("chrome").option2(2).build(); } } Now my "improved" version: public class Options { // note that these are not final private String option1; private int option2; // ...other options here public String getOption1() { return option1; } public int getOption2() { return option2; } public static class Builder { private final Options options = new Options(); public Builder option1(String option1) { this.options.option1 = option1; return this; } public Builder option2(int option2) { this.options.option2 = option2; return this; } public Options build() { return options; } } private Options() { } public static void main(String[] args) { Options optionsVariation1 = new Options.Builder().option1("firefox").option2(1).build(); Options optionsVariation2 = new Options.Builder().option1("chrome").option2(2).build(); } } As you can see in my "improved version", there are 2 less places in which we need to add code about any addition properties (or options, in this case)! The only negative that I can see is that the instance variables of the outer class are not able to be final. But, the class is still immutable without this. Is there really any downside to this improvement in maintainability? There has to be a reason which he repeated the properties within the nested class that I'm not seeing?

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  • How to get max of composite data in SQL?

    - by Siddharth Sinha
    SELECT "Name""Month","Year","Value" from Table WHERE "Name" LIKE '%JERRY%' AND "Year" = (SELECT MAX("Year") FROM Table where "Name" LIKE '%JERRY%') AND "Month"= (SELECT MAX("Month") FROM Table where "Name" LIKE '%JERRY%' AND "Year"= (SELECT MAX("Year") FROM Table where "Name" LIKE '%JERRY%')) Table -- Name | Year | Month | Value ----------------------------- JERRY 2012 9 100 JERRY 2012 9 120 JERRY 2012 9 130 JERRY 2012 8 20 JERRY 2011 12 50 So i want the first three rows as output. As for the latest month for the latest year i need all the values. Can someone suggest a better cleaner query?

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  • Design Pattern for building a Budget

    - by Scott
    So I've looked at the Builder Pattern, Abstract Interfaces, other design patterns, etc. - and I think I'm over thinking the simplicity behind what I'm trying to do, so I'm asking you guys for some help with either recommending a design pattern I should use, or an architecture style I'm not familiar with that fits my task. So I have one model that represents a Budget in my code. At a high level, it looks like this: public class Budget { public int Id { get; set; } public List<MonthlySummary> Months { get; set; } public float SavingsPriority { get; set; } public float DebtPriority { get; set; } public List<Savings> SavingsCollection { get; set; } public UserProjectionParameters UserProjectionParameters { get; set; } public List<Debt> DebtCollection { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } public List<Expense> Expenses { get; set; } public List<Income> IncomeCollection { get; set; } public bool AutoSave { get; set; } public decimal AutoSaveAmount { get; set; } public FundType AutoSaveType { get; set; } public decimal TotalExcess { get; set; } public decimal AccountMinimum { get; set; } } To go into more detail about some of the properties here shouldn't be necessary, but if you have any questions about those I will fill more out for you guys. Now, I'm trying to create code that builds one of these things based on a set of BudgetBuildParameters that the user will create and supply. There are going to be multiple types of these parameters. For example, on the sites homepage, there will be an example section where you can quickly see what your numbers look like, so they would be a much simpler set of SampleBudgetBuildParameters then say after a user registers and wants to create a fully filled out Budget using much more information in the DebtBudgetBuildParameters. Now a lot of these builds are going to be using similar code for certain tasks, but might want to also check the status of a users DebtCollection when formulating a monthly spending report, where as a Budget that only focuses on savings might not want to. I'd like to reduce code duplication (obviously) as much as possible, but in my head, every way I can think to do this would require using a base BudgetBuilderFactory to return the correct builder to the caller, and then creating say a SimpleBudgetBuilder that inherits from a BudgetBuilder, and put all duplicate code in the BudgetBuilder, and let the SimpleBudgetBuilder handle it's own cases. Problem is, a lot of the unique cases are unique to 2/4 builders, so there will be duplicate code somewhere in there obviously if I did that. Can anyone think of a better way to either explain a solution to this that may or may not be similar to mine, or a completely different pattern or way of thinking here? I really appreciate it.

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  • MVC Communication Pattern

    - by Kedu
    This is kind of a follow up question to this http://stackoverflow.com/questions/23743285/model-view-controller-and-callbacks, but I wanted to post it separately, because its kind of a different topic. I'm working on a multiplayer cardgame for the Android platform. I split the project into MVC which fits the needs pretty good, but I'm currently stuck because I can't figure out a good way to communicate between the different parts. I have everything setup and working with the controller being a big state machine, which is called over and over from the gameloop, and calls getter methods from the GUI and the android/network part to get the input. The input itself in the GUI and network is set by inputlisteners that set a local variable which I read in the getter method. So far so good, this is working. But my problem is, the controller has to check every input separately,so if I want to add an input I have to check in which states its valid and call the getter method from all these states. This is not good, and lets the code look pretty ugly, makes additions uncomfortable and adds redundance. So what I've got from the question I mentioned above is that some kind of command or event pattern will fit my needs. What I want to do is to create a shared and threadsafe queue in the controller and instead of calling all these getter methods, I just check the queue for new input and proceed it. On the other side, the GUI and network don't have all these getters, but instead create an event or command and send it to the controller through, for example, observer/observable. Now my problem: I can't figure out a way, for these commands/events to fit a common interface (which the queue can store) and still transport different kind of data (button clicks, cards that are played, the player id the command comes from, synchronization data etc.). If I design the communication as command pattern, I have to stick all the information that is needed to execute the command into it when its created, that's impossible because the GUI or network has no knowledge of all the things the controller needs to execute stuff that needs to be done when for example a card is played. I thought about getting this stuff into the command when executing it. But over all the different commands I have, I would need all the information the controller has, and thus give the command a reference to the controller which would make everything in it public, which is real bad design I guess. So, I could try some kind of event pattern. I have to transport data in the event. So, like the command, I would have an interface, which all events have in common, and can be stored in the shared queue. I could create a big enum with all the different events that a are possible, save one of these enums in the actual event, and build a big switch case for the events, to proceed different stuff for different events. The problem here: I have different data for all the events. But I need a common interface, to store the events in a queue. How do I get the specific data, if I can only access the event through the interface? Even if that wouldn't be a problem, I'm creating another big switch case, which looks ugly, and when i want to add a new event, I have to create the event itself, the case, the enum, and the method that's called with the data. I could of course check the event with the enum and cast it to its type, so I can call event type specific methods that give me the data I need, but that looks like bad design too.

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  • How to create an entity with a composite primary key containing a generated value.

    - by David
    Using Hibernate + annotations, I'm trying to do the following: Two entities, Entity1 and Entity2. Entity1 contains a simple generated value primary key. Entity2 primary key is composed by a simple generated value + the id of entity one (with a many to one relationship) Unfortunately, I can't make it work. Here is an excerpt of the code: @Entity public class Entity1 { @Id @GeneratedValue private Long id; private String name; ... } @Entity public class Entity2 { @EmbeddedId private Entity2PK pk = new Entity2PK(); private String miscData; ... } @Embeddable public class Entity2PK implements Serializable { @GeneratedValue private Long id; @ManyToOne private Entity1 entity; } void test() { Entity1 e1 = new Entity1(); e1.setName("nameE1"); Entity2 e2 = new Entity2(); e2.setEntity1(e1); e2.setMiscData("test"); Transaction transaction = session.getTransaction(); try { transaction.begin(); session.save(e1); session.save(e2); transaction.commit(); } catch (Exception e) { transaction.rollback(); } finally { session.close(); } } When I run the test method I get the following errors: Hibernate: insert into Entity1 (id, name) values (null, ?) Hibernate: call identity() Hibernate: insert into Entity2 (miscData, entity_id, id) values (?, ?, ?) 07-Jun-2010 10:51:11 org.hibernate.util.JDBCExceptionReporter logExceptions WARNING: SQL Error: 0, SQLState: null 07-Jun-2010 10:51:11 org.hibernate.util.JDBCExceptionReporter logExceptions SEVERE: failed batch 07-Jun-2010 10:51:11 org.hibernate.event.def.AbstractFlushingEventListener performExecutions SEVERE: Could not synchronize database state with session org.hibernate.exception.GenericJDBCException: Could not execute JDBC batch update at org.hibernate.exception.SQLStateConverter.handledNonSpecificException(SQLStateConverter.java:103) at org.hibernate.exception.SQLStateConverter.convert(SQLStateConverter.java:91) at org.hibernate.exception.JDBCExceptionHelper.convert(JDBCExceptionHelper.java:43) at org.hibernate.jdbc.AbstractBatcher.executeBatch(AbstractBatcher.java:254) at org.hibernate.engine.ActionQueue.executeActions(ActionQueue.java:266) at org.hibernate.engine.ActionQueue.executeActions(ActionQueue.java:167) at org.hibernate.event.def.AbstractFlushingEventListener.performExecutions(AbstractFlushingEventListener.java:298) at org.hibernate.event.def.DefaultFlushEventListener.onFlush(DefaultFlushEventListener.java:27) at org.hibernate.impl.SessionImpl.flush(SessionImpl.java:1001) at org.hibernate.impl.SessionImpl.managedFlush(SessionImpl.java:339) at org.hibernate.transaction.JDBCTransaction.commit(JDBCTransaction.java:106) at test.App.main(App.java:32) Caused by: java.sql.BatchUpdateException: failed batch at org.hsqldb.jdbc.jdbcStatement.executeBatch(Unknown Source) at org.hsqldb.jdbc.jdbcPreparedStatement.executeBatch(Unknown Source) at org.hibernate.jdbc.BatchingBatcher.doExecuteBatch(BatchingBatcher.java:48) at org.hibernate.jdbc.AbstractBatcher.executeBatch(AbstractBatcher.java:247) ... 8 more Note that I use HSQLDB. Any ideas about what is wrong ?

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  • Design pattern for window management in a Java Swing app

    - by Lord Torgamus
    I've just started creating my very first little Java Swing app. When the program opens, it brings up a single, simple window with a label and a couple buttons. Clicking one of those buttons is supposed to wipe out the welcome screen and replace it with a totally different panel. I'm not sure what the best way to create that functionality is. One method would be to pass my JFrame as an argument into... just about every other component, but that feels hacky to me. Or, there's making each panel double as an action listener, but that doesn't seem right, either. Is there a design pattern I should be applying here? "Replace the contents of the main — and only — window" must be a reasonably common operation. A name for the pattern would be enough; I can use Google on my own from there. (I wouldn't say no to a longer explanation, though.)

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  • Understanding C# async / await (2) Awaitable / Awaiter Pattern

    - by Dixin
    What is awaitable Part 1 shows that any Task is awaitable. Actually there are other awaitable types. Here is an example: Task<int> task = new Task<int>(() => 0); int result = await task.ConfigureAwait(false); // Returns a ConfiguredTaskAwaitable<TResult>. The returned ConfiguredTaskAwaitable<TResult> struct is awaitable. And it is not Task at all: public struct ConfiguredTaskAwaitable<TResult> { private readonly ConfiguredTaskAwaiter m_configuredTaskAwaiter; internal ConfiguredTaskAwaitable(Task<TResult> task, bool continueOnCapturedContext) { this.m_configuredTaskAwaiter = new ConfiguredTaskAwaiter(task, continueOnCapturedContext); } public ConfiguredTaskAwaiter GetAwaiter() { return this.m_configuredTaskAwaiter; } } It has one GetAwaiter() method. Actually in part 1 we have seen that Task has GetAwaiter() method too: public class Task { public TaskAwaiter GetAwaiter() { return new TaskAwaiter(this); } } public class Task<TResult> : Task { public new TaskAwaiter<TResult> GetAwaiter() { return new TaskAwaiter<TResult>(this); } } Task.Yield() is a another example: await Task.Yield(); // Returns a YieldAwaitable. The returned YieldAwaitable is not Task either: public struct YieldAwaitable { public YieldAwaiter GetAwaiter() { return default(YieldAwaiter); } } Again, it just has one GetAwaiter() method. In this article, we will look at what is awaitable. The awaitable / awaiter pattern By observing different awaitable / awaiter types, we can tell that an object is awaitable if It has a GetAwaiter() method (instance method or extension method); Its GetAwaiter() method returns an awaiter. An object is an awaiter if: It implements INotifyCompletion or ICriticalNotifyCompletion interface; It has an IsCompleted, which has a getter and returns a Boolean; it has a GetResult() method, which returns void, or a result. This awaitable / awaiter pattern is very similar to the iteratable / iterator pattern. Here is the interface definitions of iteratable / iterator: public interface IEnumerable { IEnumerator GetEnumerator(); } public interface IEnumerator { object Current { get; } bool MoveNext(); void Reset(); } public interface IEnumerable<out T> : IEnumerable { IEnumerator<T> GetEnumerator(); } public interface IEnumerator<out T> : IDisposable, IEnumerator { T Current { get; } } In case you are not familiar with the out keyword, please find out the explanation in Understanding C# Covariance And Contravariance (2) Interfaces. The “missing” IAwaitable / IAwaiter interfaces Similar to IEnumerable and IEnumerator interfaces, awaitable / awaiter can be visualized by IAwaitable / IAwaiter interfaces too. This is the non-generic version: public interface IAwaitable { IAwaiter GetAwaiter(); } public interface IAwaiter : INotifyCompletion // or ICriticalNotifyCompletion { // INotifyCompletion has one method: void OnCompleted(Action continuation); // ICriticalNotifyCompletion implements INotifyCompletion, // also has this method: void UnsafeOnCompleted(Action continuation); bool IsCompleted { get; } void GetResult(); } Please notice GetResult() returns void here. Task.GetAwaiter() / TaskAwaiter.GetResult() is of such case. And this is the generic version: public interface IAwaitable<out TResult> { IAwaiter<TResult> GetAwaiter(); } public interface IAwaiter<out TResult> : INotifyCompletion // or ICriticalNotifyCompletion { bool IsCompleted { get; } TResult GetResult(); } Here the only difference is, GetResult() return a result. Task<TResult>.GetAwaiter() / TaskAwaiter<TResult>.GetResult() is of this case. Please notice .NET does not define these IAwaitable / IAwaiter interfaces at all. As an UI designer, I guess the reason is, IAwaitable interface will constraint GetAwaiter() to be instance method. Actually C# supports both GetAwaiter() instance method and GetAwaiter() extension method. Here I use these interfaces only for better visualizing what is awaitable / awaiter. Now, if looking at above ConfiguredTaskAwaitable / ConfiguredTaskAwaiter, YieldAwaitable / YieldAwaiter, Task / TaskAwaiter pairs again, they all “implicitly” implement these “missing” IAwaitable / IAwaiter interfaces. In the next part, we will see how to implement awaitable / awaiter. Await any function / action In C# await cannot be used with lambda. This code: int result = await (() => 0); will cause a compiler error: Cannot await 'lambda expression' This is easy to understand because this lambda expression (() => 0) may be a function or a expression tree. Obviously we mean function here, and we can tell compiler in this way: int result = await new Func<int>(() => 0); It causes an different error: Cannot await 'System.Func<int>' OK, now the compiler is complaining the type instead of syntax. With the understanding of the awaitable / awaiter pattern, Func<TResult> type can be easily made into awaitable. GetAwaiter() instance method, using IAwaitable / IAwaiter interfaces First, similar to above ConfiguredTaskAwaitable<TResult>, a FuncAwaitable<TResult> can be implemented to wrap Func<TResult>: internal struct FuncAwaitable<TResult> : IAwaitable<TResult> { private readonly Func<TResult> function; public FuncAwaitable(Func<TResult> function) { this.function = function; } public IAwaiter<TResult> GetAwaiter() { return new FuncAwaiter<TResult>(this.function); } } FuncAwaitable<TResult> wrapper is used to implement IAwaitable<TResult>, so it has one instance method, GetAwaiter(), which returns a IAwaiter<TResult>, which wraps that Func<TResult> too. FuncAwaiter<TResult> is used to implement IAwaiter<TResult>: public struct FuncAwaiter<TResult> : IAwaiter<TResult> { private readonly Task<TResult> task; public FuncAwaiter(Func<TResult> function) { this.task = new Task<TResult>(function); this.task.Start(); } bool IAwaiter<TResult>.IsCompleted { get { return this.task.IsCompleted; } } TResult IAwaiter<TResult>.GetResult() { return this.task.Result; } void INotifyCompletion.OnCompleted(Action continuation) { new Task(continuation).Start(); } } Now a function can be awaited in this way: int result = await new FuncAwaitable<int>(() => 0); GetAwaiter() extension method As IAwaitable shows, all that an awaitable needs is just a GetAwaiter() method. In above code, FuncAwaitable<TResult> is created as a wrapper of Func<TResult> and implements IAwaitable<TResult>, so that there is a  GetAwaiter() instance method. If a GetAwaiter() extension method  can be defined for Func<TResult>, then FuncAwaitable<TResult> is no longer needed: public static class FuncExtensions { public static IAwaiter<TResult> GetAwaiter<TResult>(this Func<TResult> function) { return new FuncAwaiter<TResult>(function); } } So a Func<TResult> function can be directly awaited: int result = await new Func<int>(() => 0); Using the existing awaitable / awaiter - Task / TaskAwaiter Remember the most frequently used awaitable / awaiter - Task / TaskAwaiter. With Task / TaskAwaiter, FuncAwaitable / FuncAwaiter are no longer needed: public static class FuncExtensions { public static TaskAwaiter<TResult> GetAwaiter<TResult>(this Func<TResult> function) { Task<TResult> task = new Task<TResult>(function); task.Start(); return task.GetAwaiter(); // Returns a TaskAwaiter<TResult>. } } Similarly, with this extension method: public static class ActionExtensions { public static TaskAwaiter GetAwaiter(this Action action) { Task task = new Task(action); task.Start(); return task.GetAwaiter(); // Returns a TaskAwaiter. } } an action can be awaited as well: await new Action(() => { }); Now any function / action can be awaited: await new Action(() => HelperMethods.IO()); // or: await new Action(HelperMethods.IO); If function / action has parameter(s), closure can be used: int arg0 = 0; int arg1 = 1; int result = await new Action(() => HelperMethods.IO(arg0, arg1)); Using Task.Run() The above code is used to demonstrate how awaitable / awaiter can be implemented. Because it is a common scenario to await a function / action, so .NET provides a built-in API: Task.Run(): public class Task2 { public static Task Run(Action action) { // The implementation is similar to: Task task = new Task(action); task.Start(); return task; } public static Task<TResult> Run<TResult>(Func<TResult> function) { // The implementation is similar to: Task<TResult> task = new Task<TResult>(function); task.Start(); return task; } } In reality, this is how we await a function: int result = await Task.Run(() => HelperMethods.IO(arg0, arg1)); and await a action: await Task.Run(() => HelperMethods.IO());

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  • Design pattern for animation sequence in LibGDX

    - by kevinyu
    What design pattern to use for sequence of animation that involve different actor in libGDX. For example I am making a game to choose a wolf from a group of sheeps. The first animation played when the game begin is the wolf enter the field that is filled with two sheeps.Then the wolf disguise as a sheep and goes to the center of the screen. Then the game will shuffle the sheeps. After it finished it will ask the player where is the wolf. The game wait for player input. After that the game will show animation to show the player whether their answer is right or wrong. I am currently using State design pattern. There are four states wolfEnterState,DisguiseState,ShuffleState,UserInputState, and answerAnimationState. I feel that my code is messy. I use addAction with action sequence and action completion(new Runnable()) a lot. I feel that the action sequence is getting long. Is there a better solution for this kind of problem

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  • Am I missing a pattern?

    - by Ryan Pedersen
    I have a class that is a singleton and off of the singleton are properties that hold the instances of all the performance counters in my application. public interface IPerformanceCounters { IPerformanceCounter AccountServiceCallRate { get; } IPerformanceCounter AccountServiceCallDuration { get; } Above is an incomplete snippet of the interface for the class "PerformanceCounters" that is the singleton. I really don't like the plural part of the name and thought about changing it to "PerformanceCounterCollection" but stopped because it really isn't a collection. I also thought about "PerformanceCounterFactory" but it is really a factory either. After failing with these two names and a couple more that aren't worth mentioning I thought that I might be missing a pattern. Is there a name that make sense or a change that I could make towards a standardized pattern that would help me put some polish on this object and get rid of the plural name? I understand that I might be splitting hairs here but that is why I thought that the "Programmers" exchange was the place for this kind of thing. If it is not... I am sorry and I will not make that mistake again. Thanks!

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  • MVP Pattern Philsophical Question - Security Checking in UI

    - by Brian
    Hello, I have a philosophical question about the MVP pattern: I have a component that checks whether a user has access to a certain privilege. This privilege turns on or off certain UI features. For instance, suppose you have a UI grid, and for each row that gets bound, I do a security check to see if certain features in the grid should be enabled or disabled. There are two ways to do this: have the UI/view call the component's method, determine if it has access, and enable/disable or show/hide. The other is have the view fire an event to the presenter, have the presenter do the check and return the access back down to the view through the model or through the event arg. As per the MVP pattern, which component should security checks fit into, the presenter or the view? Since the view is using it to determine its accessibility, it seems more fitting in the view, but it is doing database checks and all inside this business component, and there is business logic there, so I can see the reverse argument too. Thoughts? Thanks.

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  • Confused about javascript module pattern implementation

    - by Damon
    I have a class written on a project I'm working on that I've been told is using the module pattern, but it's doing things a little differently than the examples I've seen. It basically takes this form: (function ($, document, window, undefined) { var module = { foo : bar, aMethod : function (arg) { className.bMethod(arg); }, bMethod : function (arg) { console.log('spoons'); } }; window.ajaxTable = ajaxTable; })(jQuery, document, window); I get what's going on here. But I'm not sure how this relates to most of the definitions I've seen of the module (or revealing?) module pattern. like this one from briancray var module = (function () { // private variables and functions var foo = 'bar'; // constructor var module = function () { }; // prototype module.prototype = { constructor: module, something: function () { } }; // return module return module; })(); var my_module = new module(); Is the first example basically like the second except everything is in the constructor? I'm just wrapping my head around patterns and the little things at the beginnings and endings always make me not sure what I should be doing.

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  • Looking for a better Factory pattern (Java)

    - by Sam Goldberg
    After doing a rough sketch of a high level object model, I am doing iterative TDD, and letting the other objects emerge as a refactoring of the code (as it increases in complexity). (That whole approach may be a discussion/argument for another day.) In any case, I am at the point where I am looking to refactor code blocks currently in an if-else blocks into separate objects. This is because there is another another value combination which creates new set of logical sub-branches. To be more specific, this is a trading system feature, where buy orders have different behavior than sell orders. Responses to the orders have a numeric indicator field which describes some event that occurred (e.g. fill, cancel). The combination of this numeric indicator field plus whether it is a buy or sell, require different processing buy the code. Creating a family of objects to separate the code for the unique handling each of the combinations of the 2 fields seems like a good choice at this point. The way I would normally do this, is to create some Factory object which when called with the 2 relevant parameters (indicator, buysell), would return the correct subclass of the object. Some times I do this pattern with a map, which allows to look up a live instance (or constructor to use via reflection), and sometimes I just hard code the cases in the Factory class. So - for some reason this feels like not good design (e.g. one object which knows all the subclasses of an interface or parent object), and a bit clumsy. Is there a better pattern for solving this kind of problem? And if this factory method approach makes sense, can anyone suggest a nicer design?

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