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• Why did the web win the space of remote applications and X not?

  - by Martin Josefsson

  The X Window System is 25 years old, it had it's birthday yesterday (on the 15'th). As you probably are aware of, one of it's most important features is the separation of the server side and the client side in a way that neither Microsoft's, Apples or Wayland's windowing systems have. Back in the days (sorry for the ambiguous phrasing) many believed X would dominate over other ways to make windows because of this separation of server and client, allowing the application to be ran on a server somewhere else while the user clicks and types on her own computer at home. This use obviously still exists, but is marginalized at best. When we write and use programs that run on a server we almost always use the web with it's html/css/js. Why did the web win, and X not? The technologies used for the web (said html/css/js) are a mess. Combined with all the back-end-frameworks (Rails, Django and all) it really is a jungle to navigate thru. Still the web thrives with creativity and progress, while remote X apps do not.

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• What are options for 3rd Party Centralized Software Settings Management?

  - by Jeff Martin

  I am an architect in an enterprise looking to build a SaaS solution. Our products are distributed over many different deployable containers, Web Services, Web UI's, etc. I am looking for some open-source or 3rd party software solution to manage the settings of our application. These would be similar to the settings you might find in Word or Eclipse or Visual Studio. The settings would control various behaviors and features of the product. (Probably not settings like which database to connect to but more like, should I show line numbers on the page or not by default..). Ideally, we would be able to store values for different dimensions (by tenant, by user, by application environment... ) Because we have so many different deployables, I am looking for a centralized solution that can provide a web service that each of the deployables can get their individual settings from. Does anyone know of a centralized service providing this sort of features or give me some help in searching for an alternative to rolling our own?

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• Grails project structure

  - by Martin Janicek

  Good news everyone! I've changed the structure of the Grails project as requested in the issue 160028 and it should be much more user friendly than before. There are actually two things I've fixed/implemented. First of all the source folders are finally represented in the same way as for the Java projects (which means instead of the folder based structure it uses package based structure). The difference can be seen on pictures bellow:    Folder based structure:                                                 Package based structure: Second, minor and quite related change could be seen on those pictures too. There are different icons for different structures. For example Views and Layouts items are folder based, Domain Classes are package based and so on.

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• unable to boot and boot-loop on splash screen

  - by Joel St Martin

  hey i have tried to install ubuntu many times, but once it installs it boot-loops at the splash screen. it just loops through the boot sound and the screen not sure why. nothing has seemed to work. also its only alowing me to boot windows all other oporating systems crash and loop just like ubuntu (android x86, linux mint, red hat, ubuntustudio). compac amd 64 3400+ 1gig ram 2 hhd (200 gig/120 gig) 1 ssd (500gig) win7 x86 a video showing what happens

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• dpkg reporting as installed, uninstalled kernels

  - by Tony Martin

  I have run the following command to remove old kernels: dpkg -l 'linux-*' | sed '/^ii/!d;/'"$(uname -r | sed "s/\(.*\)-\([^0-9]\+\)/\1/")"'/d;s/^[^ ]* [^ ]* \([^ ]*\).*/\1/;/[0-9]/!d' | xargs sudo apt-get -y purge and only the current kernel is now installed, which I have confirmed in synaptic and by checking my boot partition. However, when I run: dpkg --list | grep linux-image I get the following response: rc linux-image-3.13.0-30-generic 3.13.0-30.55 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-3.13.0-32-generic 3.13.0-32.57 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-3.13.0-34-generic 3.13.0-34.60 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-extra-3.13.0-30-generic 3.13.0-30.55 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-extra-3.13.0-32-generic 3.13.0-32.57 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-extra-3.13.0-34-generic 3.13.0-34.60 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-generic 3.13.0.34.40 amd64 Generic Linux kernel image Probably not a problem, but just wondering why versions -30 and -32 are reported as present. Can it be rectified? TIA

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• Git repo: Unravelling my mess into tidy branches

  - by Martin

  I wanted to play with a project, so git cloned it and, following its instructions, created a local branch for my configuration (I guess so that users can merge updates back). At first I was just tweaking to suit my preferences, so I didn't bother with any further branching, but now I have some code that might be useful to someone else, but with my passwords, etc in the same branch. Effectively, I have one big branch from which I'd like to have: Postgres backend (default) but with some new code I've added MySQL backend (the biggest change I've made) with that same new code My settings: I can't git ignore the settings file because I occasionally have to add sections for new functionality, but I need to keep my personal settings out of the public branches! I guess this would work best as a local-only branch. Dev branches, which I would branch from the MySQL. Starting from scratch, I think I could figure out how to branch/merge the various updates, but is there an easy way to walk through the existing repo and choose which commits to apply to which branch? Or possibly create a branch from a point upstream then merge back, excluding certain commits?

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• My home folder disappeared after using Chroot/debootstrap. Can it be recovered?

  - by Martin

  I was following the instructions from http://wiki.winehq.org/WineOn64bit but stopped after cloning wine. Afterwards I closed the terminal and terminated the process when asked. Ubuntu threw up an error report and when I tried to cd to ~/Downloads it was gone, along with all the other directories. So I tried restarting Ubuntu, whereupon I was greeted with the default desktop and home directory. Can I recover my home folder or has it been deleted?

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• How can a programmer refine their skills in non-visual ways?

  - by Martin Josefsson

  I feel like when I am not writing, I am reading. When I come home from my programming job I write and read software and about software. The problem is though, both reading and writing requires my eyes to be focused. That doesn't work when I'm biking, cooking shopping for groceries. Sometime I use text-to-speech programs to listen to blogs, but I feel like there could be more. What ways can a software developer learn more without requiring eye focus? How to blind coders learn the craft?

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• How should I set up UDK with Git and CruiseControl?

  - by Martin Sojka

  For a new project in UDK, I'd like to set up a Git repository for version control and a CruiseControl.NET-based continuous integration solution. The good news is that he first part seems easy enough and CruiseControl.NET can work off Git repositories. The bad news is that according to my searches, nobody has ever tried to do this. Ideally, I'm looking for a step-by-step guide on how to set up such a development environment assuming more than one development computer, one central repository for the "master" branch, and one machine for building and packaging the binaries via CruiseControl.NET. Related: Version control system for game development with UDK? Options for UDK and version control repositories? CruiseControl.NET and Git

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• Hospital fined $1m for Patient Data Breach

  - by martin.abrahams

  As an illustration of the potential cost of accidental breaches, the US Dept of Health and Human Services recently fined a hospital $1m for losing documents relating to some of its patients. Allegedly, the documents were left on the subway by a hospital employee. For incidents in the UK, several local government bodies have been fined between £60k and £100k. Evidently, the watchdogs are taking an increasingly firm position.

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• How to optimize calls to multiple APIs at once and return as one set?

  - by Martin

  I have a web app that searches across 2 APIs right now. I have my own Restful web service that I call, and it does all the work on the backend to asynchronously call the 2 APIs and concatenate them into one result set for my web app to use. I want to scale this out and add as many other APIs as I can (currently looking at about 10 more). But as I add APIs, the call to my service gets (potentially) slower and more complex. How do I handle one API not responding ... and other issues that arise? What would be the best way to approach this? Should I create a service call for each API, that way each one is independent and not coupled to all the other calls? Is there a way on the backend to handle the multiple API calls without all the extra complexity it adds? If I go the route of a service call per API, now my client code gets more complex (and I have a lot of clients)? And it's more work for the client, and since I have mobile apps, it will cost the client more data usage. If I go one service call, is there a way to set up some sort of connection so I can return data as I get it, in case one service call hangs?

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• For a large website developed in PHP, is it necessary to have a framework?

  - by Martin

  I am wondering if it is necessary to have a framework or if it is a must-have if I plan to make a large website. Large website could mean a lot of things: in other words, multiple dynamic web pages (40-50 dynamic pages, mysql content) and a lot of visitors (+- a million hits per month). The site will be hosted in a dedicated server environment. I know that it could simplify coding for a developer team, that it includes libraries and a lot of advantages. But I just feel that I don't need that. I think that learning how it works, managing it and installing it would take more time and I could use that time to code. I write PHP the simplest way I could (with performance in mind) and I try to reuse my code/functions/classes most of the time and I make sure that if another developer joins the team, that he won't be lost in the code. I am also planning to use MemCached or another Cache for PHP. As I said, the site will be hosted in a dedicated server environment but will be entirely managed by the hosting company. I am pretty sure the control panel for me to control the basic stuff will be Cpanel. For a developer like me that only knows PHP, Javascript, HTML, CSS, MYSQL and really basic server management, I feel that it seems to complicated to have a framework. Am I wrong? Is it worth the time to learn all about it? Thank you for your opinions and suggestions.

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• Groovy support in Java EE projects

  - by Martin Janicek

  As requested in the issue 144038, I've implemented support for Groovy in a Java enterprise projects. You should be able to combine Java/Groovy files, run them and thanks to the new Groovy JUnit tests support you can also run groovy tests together with your existing Java tests. I hope it will make your enterprise development (and especially enterprise testing) easier and more productive. Note: The changes will be propagated to the NetBeans daily build in a few days, so please stay in touch!

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• Why can't I get 100% code coverage on a method that calls a constructor of a generic type?

  - by Martin Watts

  Today I came across a wierd issue in a Visual Studio 2008 Code Coverage Analysis. Consider the following method:  private IController GetController<T>(IContext context) where T : IController, new() {     IController controller = new T();     controller.ListeningContext = context;     controller.Plugin = this;     return controller; } This method is called in a unit test as follows (MenuController has an empty constructor): controller = plugin.GetController<MenuController>(null);  After calling this method from a Unit Test, the following code coverage report is generated: As you can see, Code Coverage is only 85%. Looking up the code results in the following: Apparently, the call to the constructor of the generic type is considered only partly covered. WHY? Google didn't help. And MSDN didn't help at all, of course. Anybody who does know?

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• Postgresql has broken apt-get on Ubuntu

  - by Raphie Palefsky-Smith

  On ubuntu 12.04, whenever I try to install a package using apt-get I'm greeted by: The following packages have unmet dependencies: postgresql-9.1 : Depends: postgresql-client-9.1 but it is not going to be instal led E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt-get -f install' with no packages (or specify a so lution). apt-get install postgresql-client-9.1 generates: The following packages have unmet dependencies: postgresql-client-9.1 : Breaks: postgresql-9.1 (< 9.1.6-0ubuntu12.04.1) but 9.1.3-2 is to be installed apt-get -f install and apt-get remove postgresql-9.1 both give: Removing postgresql-9.1 ... * Stopping PostgreSQL 9.1 database server * Error: /var/lib/postgresql/9.1/main is not accessible or does not exist ...fail! invoke-rc.d: initscript postgresql, action "stop" failed. dpkg: error processing postgresql-9.1 (--remove): subprocess installed pre-removal script returned error exit status 1 Errors were encountered while processing: postgresql-9.1 E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1) So, apt-get is crippled, and I can't find a way out. Is there any way to resolve this without a re-install? EDIT: apt-cache show postgresql-9.1 returns: Package: postgresql-9.1 Priority: optional Section: database Installed-Size: 11164 Maintainer: Ubuntu Developers <[email protected]> Original-Maintainer: Martin Pitt <[email protected]> Architecture: amd64 Version: 9.1.6-0ubuntu12.04.1 Replaces: postgresql-contrib-9.1 (<< 9.1~beta1-3~), postgresql-plpython-9.1 (<< 9.1.6-0ubuntu12.04.1) Depends: libc6 (>= 2.15), libcomerr2 (>= 1.01), libgssapi-krb5-2 (>= 1.8+dfsg), libkrb5-3 (>= 1.6.dfsg.2), libldap-2.4-2 (>= 2.4.7), libpam0g (>= 0.99.7.1), libpq5 (>= 9.1~), libssl1.0.0 (>= 1.0.0), libxml2 (>= 2.7.4), postgresql-client-9.1, postgresql-common (>= 115~), tzdata, ssl-cert, locales Suggests: oidentd | ident-server, locales-all Conflicts: postgresql (<< 7.5) Breaks: postgresql-plpython-9.1 (<< 9.1.6-0ubuntu12.04.1) Filename: pool/main/p/postgresql-9.1/postgresql-9.1_9.1.6-0ubuntu12.04.1_amd64.deb Size: 4298270 MD5sum: 9ee2ab5f25f949121f736ad80d735d57 SHA1: 5eac1cca8d00c4aec4fb55c46fc2a013bc401642 SHA256: 4e6c24c251a01f1b6a340c96d24fdbb92b5e2f8a2f4a8b6b08a0df0fe4cf62ab Description-en: object-relational SQL database, version 9.1 server PostgreSQL is a fully featured object-relational database management system. It supports a large part of the SQL standard and is designed to be extensible by users in many aspects. Some of the features are: ACID transactions, foreign keys, views, sequences, subqueries, triggers, user-defined types and functions, outer joins, multiversion concurrency control. Graphical user interfaces and bindings for many programming languages are available as well. . This package provides the database server for PostgreSQL 9.1. Servers for other major release versions can be installed simultaneously and are coordinated by the postgresql-common package. A package providing ident-server is needed if you want to authenticate remote connections with identd. Homepage: http://www.postgresql.org/ Description-md5: c487fe4e86f0eac09ed9847282436059 Bugs: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+filebug Origin: Ubuntu Supported: 5y Task: postgresql-server Package: postgresql-9.1 Priority: optional Section: database Installed-Size: 11164 Maintainer: Ubuntu Developers <[email protected]> Original-Maintainer: Martin Pitt <[email protected]> Architecture: amd64 Version: 9.1.5-0ubuntu12.04 Replaces: postgresql-contrib-9.1 (<< 9.1~beta1-3~), postgresql-plpython-9.1 (<< 9.1.5-0ubuntu12.04) Depends: libc6 (>= 2.15), libcomerr2 (>= 1.01), libgssapi-krb5-2 (>= 1.8+dfsg), libkrb5-3 (>= 1.6.dfsg.2), libldap-2.4-2 (>= 2.4.7), libpam0g (>= 0.99.7.1), libpq5 (>= 9.1~), libssl1.0.0 (>= 1.0.0), libxml2 (>= 2.7.4), postgresql-client-9.1, postgresql-common (>= 115~), tzdata, ssl-cert, locales Suggests: oidentd | ident-server, locales-all Conflicts: postgresql (<< 7.5) Breaks: postgresql-plpython-9.1 (<< 9.1.5-0ubuntu12.04) Filename: pool/main/p/postgresql-9.1/postgresql-9.1_9.1.5-0ubuntu12.04_amd64.deb Size: 4298028 MD5sum: 3797b030ca8558a67b58e62cc0a22646 SHA1: ad340a9693341621b82b7f91725fda781781c0fb SHA256: 99aa892971976b85bcf6fb2e1bb8bf3e3fb860190679a225e7ceeb8f33f0e84b Description-en: object-relational SQL database, version 9.1 server PostgreSQL is a fully featured object-relational database management system. It supports a large part of the SQL standard and is designed to be extensible by users in many aspects. Some of the features are: ACID transactions, foreign keys, views, sequences, subqueries, triggers, user-defined types and functions, outer joins, multiversion concurrency control. Graphical user interfaces and bindings for many programming languages are available as well. . This package provides the database server for PostgreSQL 9.1. Servers for other major release versions can be installed simultaneously and are coordinated by the postgresql-common package. A package providing ident-server is needed if you want to authenticate remote connections with identd. Homepage: http://www.postgresql.org/ Description-md5: c487fe4e86f0eac09ed9847282436059 Bugs: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+filebug Origin: Ubuntu Supported: 5y Task: postgresql-server Package: postgresql-9.1 Priority: optional Section: database Installed-Size: 11220 Maintainer: Martin Pitt <[email protected]> Original-Maintainer: Martin Pitt <[email protected]> Architecture: amd64 Version: 9.1.3-2 Replaces: postgresql-contrib-9.1 (<< 9.1~beta1-3~), postgresql-plpython-9.1 (<< 9.1.3-2) Depends: libc6 (>= 2.15), libcomerr2 (>= 1.01), libgssapi-krb5-2 (>= 1.8+dfsg), libkrb5-3 (>= 1.6.dfsg.2), libldap-2.4-2 (>= 2.4.7), libpam0g (>= 0.99.7.1), libpq5 (>= 9.1~), libssl1.0.0 (>= 1.0.0), libxml2 (>= 2.7.4), postgresql-client-9.1, postgresql-common (>= 115~), tzdata, ssl-cert, locales Suggests: oidentd | ident-server, locales-all Conflicts: postgresql (<< 7.5) Breaks: postgresql-plpython-9.1 (<< 9.1.3-2) Filename: pool/main/p/postgresql-9.1/postgresql-9.1_9.1.3-2_amd64.deb Size: 4284744 MD5sum: bad9aac349051fe86fd1c1f628797122 SHA1: a3f5d6583cc6e2372a077d7c2fc7adfcfa0d504d SHA256: e885c32950f09db7498c90e12c4d1df0525038d6feb2f83e2e50f563fdde404a Description-en: object-relational SQL database, version 9.1 server PostgreSQL is a fully featured object-relational database management system. It supports a large part of the SQL standard and is designed to be extensible by users in many aspects. Some of the features are: ACID transactions, foreign keys, views, sequences, subqueries, triggers, user-defined types and functions, outer joins, multiversion concurrency control. Graphical user interfaces and bindings for many programming languages are available as well. . This package provides the database server for PostgreSQL 9.1. Servers for other major release versions can be installed simultaneously and are coordinated by the postgresql-common package. A package providing ident-server is needed if you want to authenticate remote connections with identd. Homepage: http://www.postgresql.org/ Description-md5: c487fe4e86f0eac09ed9847282436059 Bugs: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+filebug Origin: Ubuntu Supported: 5y Task: postgresql-server

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• WebBrowser Control in ATL window. How to free up memory on window unload? I'm stuck.

  - by Martin

  Hello there. I have a Win32 C++ Application. There is the _tWinMain(...) Method with GetMessage(...) in a while loop at the end. Before GetMessage(...) I create the main window with HWND m_MainHwnd = CreateWindowExW(WS_EX_TOOLWINDOW | WS_EX_LAYERED, CAxWindow::GetWndClassName(), _TEXT("http://www.-website-.com"), WS_POPUP, 0, 0, 1024, 768, NULL, NULL, m_Instance, NULL); ShowWindow(m_MainHwnd) If I do not create the main window, my application needs about 150K in memory. But with creating the main window with the WebBrowser Control inside, the memory usage increases to 8500K. But, I want to dynamically unload the main window. My _tWinMain(...) keeps running! Im unloading with DestroyWindow(m_MainHwnd) But the WebBrowser control won't unload and free up it's memory used! Application memory used is still 8500K! I can also get the WebBrowser Instance or with some additional code the WebBrowser HWND IWebBrowser2* m_pWebBrowser2; CAxWindow wnd = (CAxWindow)m_MainHwnd; HRESULT hRet = wnd.QueryControl(IID_IWebBrowser2, (void**)&m_pWebBrowser2); So I tried to free up the memory used by main window and WebBrowser control with (let's say it's experimental): if(m_pWebBrowser2) m_pWebBrowser2->Release(); DestroyWindow(m_hwndWebBrowser); //<-- just analogous OleUninitialize(); No success at all. I also created a wrapper class which creates the main window. I created a pointer and freed it up with delete: Wrapper* wrapper = new Wrapper(); //wrapper creates main window inside and shows it //...do some stuff delete(wrapper); No success. Still 8500K. So please, how can I get rid of the main window and it's WebBrowser control and free up the memory, returning to about 150K. Later I will recreate the window. It's a dynamically load and unload of the main window, depending on other commands. Thanks! Regards Martin

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• Is it possible to change HANDLE that has been opened for synchronous I/O to be opened for asynchrono

  - by Martin Dobšík

  Dear all, Most of my daily programming work in Windows is nowadays around I/O operations of all kind (pipes, consoles, files, sockets, ...). I am well aware of different methods of reading and writing from/to different kinds of handles (Synchronous, asynchronous waiting for completion on events, waiting on file HANDLEs, I/O completion ports, and alertable I/O). We use many of those. For some of our applications it would be very useful to have only one way to treat all handles. I mean, the program may not know, what kind of handle it has received and we would like to use, let's say, I/O completion ports for all. So first I would ask: Let's assume I have a handle: HANDLE h; which has been received by my process for I/O from somewhere. Is there any easy and reliable way to find out what flags it has been created with? The main flag in question is FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED. The only way known to me so far, is to try to register such handle into I/O completion port (using CreateIoCompletionPort()). If that succeeds the handle has been created with FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED. But then only I/O completion port must be used, as the handle can not be unregistered from it without closing the HANDLE h itself. Providing there is an easy a way to determine presence of FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED, there would come my second question: Is there any way how to add such flag to already existing handle? That would make a handle that has been originally open for synchronous operations to be open for asynchronous. Would there be a way how to create opposite (remove the FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED to create synchronous handle from asynchronous)? I have not found any direct way after reading through MSDN and googling a lot. Would there be at least some trick that could do the same? Like re-creating the handle in same way using CreateFile() function or something similar? Something even partly documented or not documented at all? The main place where I would need this, is to determine the the way (or change the way) process should read/write from handles sent to it by third party applications. We can not control how third party products create their handles. Dear Windows gurus: help please! With regards Martin

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• How to integrate Purify into Hudson CI?

  - by Martin

  Hello everybody! I have a Hudson CI system set up and for the moment it is used for building a project and running some unit tests. My next step is to integrate the memory leak detector Purify into the build cycle. Now I want to start the unit tests also inside purify and for this I have created a new batch task which runs following command: purify.exe /SaveTextData MyExecutable.exe --test TestLibrary.dll --output xml As I read in the Purify documentation the /SaveTextData option is used in order to run purify not in GUI mode. If I run this command on my local workstation in the command line it works perfectly. But in case it is started by Hudson, nothing happens. Unfortunetly there are no logs of purify... Has someone ever tried to start purify either by Hudson or any other CI system? Thanks in advance. Best regards Martin EDIT: I forgot to tell you, that I have Hudson running as master and slave on different computers. On the master I have configured a task which should start the unit tests within purify on the slave. I am running the slave via JNLP. EDIT 18.03.2010: Ok, so finally I am a bit closer the source of the problem. I have discovered, that running my unit tests in purify locally the log file EngineCmdLine.log contains three commands. I am starting purify with following command: purify.exe /SaveTextData TestRunnerConsoleWD.exe --test TestDemoWD.dll Output of EngineCmdLine.log when starting purify manually: File: D:\workspace\hudson\workspace\Purify_TestFW_CommonsCoreTest_Cpp_msvs9\TestRunnerConsoleWD.exe File: C:\WINDOWS\system32\ws2_32.dll File: D:\workspace\hudson\workspace\Purify_TestFW_CommonsCoreTest_Cpp_msvs9\TestDemoWD.dll Output when starting via Hudson: File: D:\workspace\hudson\workspace\Purify_TestFW_CommonsCoreTest_Cpp_msvs9\TestRunnerConsoleWD.exe File: C:\WINDOWS\system32\ws2_32.dll File: D:\workspace\hudson\workspace\Purify_TestFW_CommonsCoreTest_Cpp_msvs9\TestDemoWD.dll File: D:\workspace\hudson\workspace\Purify_TestFW_CommonsCoreTest_Cpp_msvs9\TestDemoWD.dll The error output of purify: Instrumenting: BtcTestDemoWD.dll 313856 bytes Purify: While processing file D:\workspace\hudson\workspace\Purify_TestFW_CommonsCoreTest_Cpp_msvs9\TESTFWWD.DLL: Error: Cannot replace file c:\Programme\IBM\RationalPurifyPlus\PurifyPlus\cache\BTCTESTFWWD$Purify_D_workspace_hudson_workspace_Purify_TestFW_CommonsCoreTest_Cpp_msvs9.DLL. Is it in use? TESTFWWD.DLL 505344 bytes Unable to instrument D:\workspace\hudson\workspace\Purify_TestFW_CommonsCoreTest_Cpp_msvs9\TestDemoWD.dll (0x1) Question is, why is purify starting twice a command with the TestDemoWD.dll library?

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• Zend_Auth / Zend_Session error and storing objects in Auth Storage

  - by Martin

  Hi All, I have been having a bit of a problem with Zend_Auth and keep getting an error within my Acl. Within my Login Controller I setup my Zend_Auth storage as follows $auth = Zend_Auth::getInstance(); $result = $auth->authenticate($adapter); if ($result->isValid()) { $userId = $adapter->getResultRowObject(array('user_id'), null)->user_id; $user = new User_Model_User; $users = new User_Model_UserMapper; $users->find($userId, $user); $auth->getStorage()->write( $user ); } This seems to work well and I am able to use the object stored in the Zend_Auth storage within View Helpers without any problems. The problem that I seem to be having is when I try to use this within my Acl, below is a snippet from my Acl, as soon as it gets to the if($auth->hasIdentity()) { line I get the exception detailed further down. The $user->getUserLevel() is a methord within the User Model that allows me to convert the user_level_id that is stored in the database to a meaning full name. I am assuming that the auto loader sees these kind of methords and tries to load all the classes that would be required. When looking at the exception it appears to be struggling to find the class as it is stored in a module, I have the Auto Loader Name Space setup in my application.ini. Could anyone help with resolving this? class App_Controller_Plugin_Acl extends Zend_Controller_Plugin_Abstract { protected $_roleName; public function __construct() { $auth = Zend_Auth::getInstance(); if($auth->hasIdentity()) { $user = $auth->getIdentity(); $this->_roleName = strtolower($user->getUserLevel()); } else { $this->_roleName = 'guest'; } } } Fatal error: Uncaught exception 'Zend_Session_Exception' with message 'Zend_Session::start() - \Web\library\Zend\Loader.php(Line:146): Error #2 include_once() [&lt;a href='function.include'&gt;function.include&lt;/a&gt;]: Failed opening 'Menu\Model\UserLevel.php' for inclusion (include_path='\Web\application/../library;\Web\library;.;C:\php5\pear') Array' in \Web\library\Zend\Session.php:493 Stack trace: #0 \Web\library\Zend\Session\Namespace.php(143): Zend_Session::start(true) #1 \Web\library\Zend\Auth\Storage\Session.php(87): Zend_Session_Namespace-&gt;__construct('Zend_Auth') #2 \Web\library\Zend\Auth.php(91): Zend_Auth_Storage_Session-&gt;__construct() #3 \Web\library\Zend\A in \Web\library\Zend\Session.php on line 493 Thanks, Martin

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• Clean Code: A Handbook of Agile Software Craftsmanship – book review

  - by DigiMortal

     Writing code that is easy read and test is not something that is easy to achieve. Unfortunately there are still way too much programming students who write awful spaghetti after graduating. But there is one really good book that helps you raise your code to new level – your code will be also communication tool for you and your fellow programmers. “Clean Code: A Handbook of Agile Software Craftsmanship” by Robert C. Martin is excellent book that helps you start writing the easily readable code. Of course, you are the one who has to learn and practice but using this book you have very good guide that keeps you going to right direction. You can start writing better code while you read this book and you can do it right in your current projects – you don’t have to create new guestbook or some other simple application to start practicing. Take the project you are working on and start making it better! My special thanks to Robert C. Martin I want to say my special thanks to Robert C. Martin for this book. There are many books that teach you different stuff and usually you have markable learning curve to go before you start getting results. There are many books that show you the direction to go and then leave you alone figuring out how to achieve all that stuff you just read about. Clean Code gives you a lot more – the mental tools to use so you can go your way to clean code being sure you will be soon there. I am reading books as much as I have time for it. Clean Code is top-level book for developers who have to write working code. Before anything else take Clean Code and read it. You will never regret your decision. I promise. Fragment of editorial review “Even bad code can function. But if code isn’t clean, it can bring a development organization to its knees. Every year, countless hours and significant resources are lost because of poorly written code. But it doesn’t have to be that way. What kind of work will you be doing? You’ll be reading code—lots of code. And you will be challenged to think about what’s right about that code, and what’s wrong with it. More importantly, you will be challenged to reassess your professional values and your commitment to your craft. Readers will come away from this book understanding How to tell the difference between good and bad code How to write good code and how to transform bad code into good code How to create good names, good functions, good objects, and good classes How to format code for maximum readability How to implement complete error handling without obscuring code logic How to unit test and practice test-driven development This book is a must for any developer, software engineer, project manager, team lead, or systems analyst with an interest in producing better code.” Table of contents Clean code Meaningful names Functions Comments Formatting Objects and data structures Error handling Boundaries Unit tests Classes Systems Emergence Concurrency Successive refinement JUnit internals Refactoring SerialDate Smells and heuristics A Concurrency II org.jfree.date.SerialDate Cross references of heuristics Epilogue Index

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• Travelling MVP #4: DevReach 2012

  - by DigiMortal

  Our next stop after Varna was Sofia where DevReach happens. DevReach is one of my favorite conferences in Europe because of sensible prices and strong speakers line-up. Also they have VIP-party after conference and this is good event to meet people you don’t see every day, have some discussion with speakers and find new friends. Our trip from Varna to Sofia took about 6.5 hours on bus. As I was tired from last evening it wasn’t problem for me as I slept half the trip. After smoking pause in Velike Tarnovo I watched movies from bus TV. We had supper later in city center Happy’s – place with good meat dishes and nice service. And next day it begun…. :) DevReach 2012 DevReach is held usually in Arena Mladost. It’s near airport and Telerik office. The event is organized by local MVP Martin Kulov together with Telerik. Two days of sessions with strong speakers is good reason enough for me to go to visit some event. Some topics covered by sessions: Windows 8 development web development SharePoint Windows Azure Windows Phone architecture Visual Studio Practically everybody can find some interesting session in every time slot. As the Arena is not huge it is very easy to go from one sessions to another if selected session for time slot is not what you expected. On the second floor of Arena there are many places where you can eat. There are simple chunk-food places like Burger King and also some restaurants. If you are hungry you will find something for your taste for sure. Also you can buy beer if it is too hot outside :) Weather was very good for October – practically Estonian summer – 25C and over. Sessions I visited Here is the list of sessions I visited at DevReach 2012: DevReach 2012 Opening & Welcome Messsage with Martin Kulov and Stephen Forte Principled N-Tier Solution Design with Steve Smith Data Patterns for the Cloud with Brian Randell .NET Garbage Collection Performance Tips with Sasha Goldshtein Building Secured, Scalable, Low-latency Web Applications with the Windows Azure Platform with Ido Flatow It’s a Knockout! MVVM Style Web Applications with Charles Nurse Web Application Architecture – Lessons Learned from Adobe Brackets with Brian Rinaldi Demystifying Visual Studio 2012 Performance Tools with Martin Kulov SPvNext – A Look At All the Exciting And New Features In SharePoint with Sahil Malik Portable Libraries – Why You Should Care with Lino Tadros I missed some sessions because of some death march projects that are going and that I have to coordinate but it was not big loss as I had time to walk around in session venue neighborhood and see Sofia Business Park. Next year again! I will be there again next year and hopefully more guys from Estonia will join me. I think it’s good idea to take short vacation for DevReach time and do things like we did this time – Bucharest, Varna, Sofia. It’s only good idea to plan some more free time so we are not very much in hurry and also we have no work stuff to do on the trip. This far this trip has been one of best trips I have organized and I will go and meet all those guys in this region again! :)

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• Silverlight Cream for February 10, 2011 -- #1045

  - by Dave Campbell

  In this Issue: Mark Monster, Jaime Rodriguez, Mark Hopkins, WindowsPhoneGeek, David Anson, Jesse Liberty, Jeremy Likness, Martin Krüger(-2-), Beth Massi, Joost van Schaik, Laurent Bugnion, and Arik Poznanski. Above the Fold: Silverlight: "Parsing the Visual Tree with LINQ" Jeremy Likness WP7: "Silverlight-ready PNG encoder implementation shows one way to use .NET IEnumerables effectively" David Anson Lightswitch: "How to Send Automated Appointments from a LightSwitch Application" Beth Massi Shoutouts: Be sure to visit SilverlightShow... check out their top hits last week: SilverlightShow for Jan 31- Feb 06, 2011 Jaime Rodriguez has a post up that all the WP7 folks will be interested in: FAQ about copy paste functionality in upcoming release From SilverlightCream.com: Make use of WCF FaultContracts in Silverlight clients Mark Monster takes a shot at answering “The remote server returned an error: NotFound” while connecting to a WCF Service problem we all see. Communication between HTML in WebBrowser and Silverlight app Jaime Rodriguez responds to questions he received about communication between HTML and SIlverlight with this post about the bi-directional communication between the control and HTML. WP7 - Real Apps, Real Code Mark Hopkins has a post up about some WP7 starter kits that you can get all the source for and actually download the app from the Marketplace first to see if it interests you! WP7 AboutPrompt in depth WindowsPhoneGeek has this cool post up about the AboutPrompt from the Coding4Fun toolkit in detail... great diagrams showing where all the elements are and code examples with images. Silverlight-ready PNG encoder implementation shows one way to use .NET IEnumerables effectively David Anson describes why he took it upon himself to write his own png encoder for Silverlight... and we all thank him for doing so and providing us with the code! Navigation 101–Cancelling Navigation Jesse Liberty's latest WP7 From Scratch episode is up (number 32), and he's talking about Navigation and how to cancel it if you need to. Parsing the Visual Tree with LINQ Jeremy Likness demonstrates using LINQ to rat out information in the visual tree of your XAML. To Quote Jeremy: "you can easily check for intersections between elements and find any type of element no matter how deep within the tree it is". SpriteAnimationBehavior Martin Krüger has a couple more fun things in the Expression Gallery that I haven't discussed. First up is a behavior that animates up to 999 images and lets you control the FramesPerSecond... great demo on the ExpressionGallery to play with. Second alternative: Storyboard should not start before the Silverlight application is loaded Martin Krüger's latest is a way to programmatically wait for the Loaded event so that you know you can let your animations fly. How to Send Automated Appointments from a LightSwitch Application Beth Massi's latest Lightswitch post follows up her Outlook automation one with sending appointments using the standard iCalendar format... all the code included of course. The case for the Bindable Application Bar for Windows Phone 7 Joost van Schaik posts about a bindable Application Bar for your WP7 apps... grab the code and don't leave home without it :) MVVM Light V4 preview (BL0014) release notes Laurent Bugnion posted an update to MVVMLight to Codeplex a couple days ago. This is an early preview of what he plans on having in version 4, so check out the post for what's new and fun. Search Digg on Windows Phone 7 Arik Poznanski followed up his RSS post from last week with this one on searching Digg on WP7... and he's discussing and providing a utility class for doing it. Stay in the 'Light! Twitter SilverlightNews | Twitter WynApse | WynApse.com | Tagged Posts | SilverlightCream Join me @ SilverlightCream | Phoenix Silverlight User Group Technorati Tags: Silverlight    Silverlight 3    Silverlight 4    Windows Phone MIX10

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• Unclaimed user group prizes, Live meeting on Monday, Next weeks UG, SQLRelay and more prizes

  - by Testas

    Hi Everyone Firstly I want to let you know that I finally found the LINQ book prize winners and the list of people at the bottom of this email are owed a LINQ book. This will be given out at next week’s UG meeting Live meeting with Carolyn Chau, Program Manager at Microsoft on Monday! It is very rare that we get the opportunity to have a Live meeting with a Program Manager in Redmond. Carolyn Chau will be presenting PowerView next Monday at 8pm. Live meeting details can be found on http://sqlserverfaq.com/events/388/Live-Meeting-on-SQL-Server-2012-PowerView-with-Carolyn-Chau-Principal-Program-Manager-in-the-Reporting-Services-in-association-with-SQLPASS-SQLServerFAQ-and-SQLBits.aspx Next week’s UG!! We welcome Mark Broadbent to Manchester next week where he will be presenting his session on SQL Server 2012 on Windows Core. We also hand out the unclaimed prizes. Register at http://sqlserverfaq.com/events/369/Thursday-night-meeting-at-BSS-with-Chris-TestaONeill-and-Mark-Broadbent.aspx Chris Webb is in Manchester!!! Chris Webb will be speaking at the Manchester SQL Server UG on 4th July. He will also be running his Real World Cube Design and Performance Tuning with Analysis Services between the 3rd – 5th July. If you want to attend then you can sign up at the link below http://www.technitrain.com/coursedetail.php?c=13&trackingcode=FAQ SQLRelay and a Special Prize and Jamie Thomson comes to Manchester!!!! SQLRelay takes place in Manchester on the 22nd. We have a special guest, after years of asking Jamie Thomson is coming to Manchester. The SSIS Junkie will be gracing us with his presence with a talk on SSIS 2012. Also we have a prize. Know a friend or colleague who would benefit from SQLRelay? Get them to register at www.sqlserverfaq.com and then register for the event http://sqlserverfaq.com/events/373/ALL-DAY-TUESDAY-EVENT-12-hours-of-SQL-Server-2012-at-the-SQLRelay-meeting-at-the-COOP-Manchester.aspx Then send an email to [email protected] with the subject of SQLFriend with the name of your friend. If you are both at the SQLRelay event on the day and your names are pulled out of the hat you will win a PASS 2011 DVD and your friend will win the “Best of PASS DVD 2011” worth  $1000 courtesy of SQLPASS. The draw will take place between 4.30pm – 5pm on the day. SQLBits feedback!!!!! Attended SQLBits? We really need to know your opinion. Please fill out the survey for the days you attended If you attended any of the days at SQLBits please can you all fill out the following survey http://www.sqlbits.com/SQLBitsX If you attended the Thursday Training day then please fill out the following survey: http://www.sqlbits.com/SQLBitsXThursday If you attended the Friday Deep Dives day then please fill out the following survey: http://www.sqlbits.com/SQLBitsXFriday If you attended the Saturday Community day then please fill out the following survey: http://www.sqlbits.com/SQLBitsXSaturday Thanks   Chris and Martin   LINQ BOOK winners Andrew Birds Chris Kennedy Dave Carpenter David Forrester Ian Ringrose James Cullen James Simpson Kevan Riley Kirsty Hunter Martin Bell Martin Croft Michael Docherty Naga Anand Ram Mangipudi Neal Atkinson Nick Colebourn Pavel Nefyodov Ralph Baines Rick Hibbert saad saleh Simon Enion Stan Venn Steve Powell Stuart Quinn

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• Silverlight Cream for February 07, 2011 -- #1043

  - by Dave Campbell

  In this Issue: Roy Dallal, Kevin Dockx, Gill Cleeren, Oren Gal, Colin Eberhardt, Rudi Grobler, Jesse Liberty, Shawn Wildermuth, Kirupa Chinnathambi, Jeremy Likness, Martin Krüger(-2-), Beth Massi, and Michael Crump. Above the Fold: Silverlight: "A Circular ProgressBar Style using an Attached ViewModel" Colin Eberhardt WP7: "Isolated Storage" Jesse Liberty Lightswitch: "How To Create Outlook Appointments from a LightSwitch Application" Beth Massi Shoutouts: Gergely Orosz has a summary of his 4-part series on Styles in Silverlight: Everything a Developer Needs To Know From SilverlightCream.com: Silverlight Memory Leak, Part 2 Roy Dallal has part 2 of his memory leak posts up... and discusses the results of runnin VMMap and some hints on how to make best use of it. Using a Channel Factory in Silverlight (instead of adding a Service Reference). With cows. Kevin Dockx has a post up for those of you that don't like the generated code that comes about when adding a service reference, and the answer is a Channel Factory... and he has an example app in the post that populates a list of cows... honest ... check it out. Getting ready for Microsoft Silverlight Exam 70-506 (Part 4) Gill Cleeren has Part 4 of his deep-dive into studying for the Silverlight Certification exam. This time out he's got probably half a gazillion links for working with data... seriously! Sync unlimited instances of one Silverlight application How about a cross-browser sync of an unlimited number of instances of the same Silverlight app... Oren Gal has just that going on, and discusses his first two attempts and how he finally honed in on the solution. A Circular ProgressBar Style using an Attached ViewModel Wow... check out what Colin Eberhardt's done with the "Progress Bar" ... using an Attached View Model which he discussed in a post a while back... these are awesome! WP7 - Professional Audio Recorder Rudi Grobler discusses an audio recorder for WP7 that uses the NAudio audio library for not only the recording but visualization. Isolated Storage Jesse Liberty's got his 30th 'From Scratch' post up and this time he's talking about Isolated Storage. Learning OData? MSDN and Shawn Wildermuth has the videos for you! Shawn Wildermuth produced a couple series of videos for MSDN on OData: Getting Started and Consuming OData... get the link on Shawn's post. Creating Sample Data from a Class - Page 1 Kirupa Chinnathambi shows us how to use a schema of your own design in Blend... yet still have Blend produce sample data A Pivot-Style Data Grid without the DataGrid Jeremy Likness discusses the lack of an open-source grid with dynamic columns ... let him know if you've done one! ... and then he continues on to demonstrate his build-out of the same. Synchronize a freeform drawing and a real path creation Martin Krüger has a few new samples up in the Expression Gallery. This first is taking mouse movement in an InkPresenter and creating path statements from it in a canvas and playing them back. How to: use Storyboard completed behaviors Martin Krüger's next post is about Storyboards and firing one off the end of another, in Blend... so he ended up producing a behavior for doing that... and it's in the Expression Gallery How To Create Outlook Appointments from a LightSwitch Application Beth Massi has a new Lightswitch post up... her previous was email from Lightswitch... this is Outlook appointments... pretty darn cool. Quick run through of the WP7 Developer Tools January 2011 Michael Crump has a really good Quick look at the new WP7 Dev Tools that were released last week posted on his blog Stay in the 'Light! Twitter SilverlightNews | Twitter WynApse | WynApse.com | Tagged Posts | SilverlightCream Join me @ SilverlightCream | Phoenix Silverlight User Group Technorati Tags: Silverlight    Silverlight 3    Silverlight 4    Windows Phone MIX10

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• Quick guide to Oracle IRM 11g: Classification design

  - by Simon Thorpe

  Quick guide to Oracle IRM 11g indexThis is the final article in the quick guide to Oracle IRM. If you've followed everything prior you will now have a fully functional and tested Information Rights Management service. It doesn't matter if you've been following the 10g or 11g guide as this next article is common to both. ContentsWhy this is the most important part... Understanding the classification and standard rights model Identifying business use cases Creating an effective IRM classification modelOne single classification across the entire businessA context for each and every possible granular use caseWhat makes a good context? Deciding on the use of roles in the context Reviewing the features and security for context roles Summary Why this is the most important part...Now the real work begins, installing and getting an IRM system running is as simple as following instructions. However to actually have an IRM technology easily protecting your most sensitive information without interfering with your users existing daily work flows and be able to scale IRM across the entire business, requires thought into how confidential documents are created, used and distributed. This article is going to give you the information you need to ask the business the right questions so that you can deploy your IRM service successfully. The IRM team here at Oracle have over 10 years of experience in helping customers and it is important you understand the following to be successful in securing access to your most confidential information. Whatever you are trying to secure, be it mergers and acquisitions information, engineering intellectual property, health care documentation or financial reports. No matter what type of user is going to access the information, be they employees, contractors or customers, there are common goals you are always trying to achieve.Securing the content at the earliest point possible and do it automatically. Removing the dependency on the user to decide to secure the content reduces the risk of mistakes significantly and therefore results a more secure deployment. K.I.S.S. (Keep It Simple Stupid) Reduce complexity in the rights/classification model. Oracle IRM lets you make changes to access to documents even after they are secured which allows you to start with a simple model and then introduce complexity once you've understood how the technology is going to be used in the business. After an initial learning period you can review your implementation and start to make informed decisions based on user feedback and administration experience. Clearly communicate to the user, when appropriate, any changes to their existing work practice. You must make every effort to make the transition to sealed content as simple as possible. For external users you must help them understand why you are securing the documents and inform them the value of the technology to both your business and them. Before getting into the detail, I must pay homage to Martin White, Vice President of client services in SealedMedia, the company Oracle acquired and who created Oracle IRM. In the SealedMedia years Martin was involved with every single customer and was key to the design of certain aspects of the IRM technology, specifically the context model we will be discussing here. Listening carefully to customers and understanding the flexibility of the IRM technology, Martin taught me all the skills of helping customers build scalable, effective and simple to use IRM deployments. No matter how well the engineering department designed the software, badly designed and poorly executed projects can result in difficult to use and manage, and ultimately insecure solutions. The advice and information that follows was born with Martin and he's still delivering IRM consulting with customers and can be found at www.thinkers.co.uk. It is from Martin and others that Oracle not only has the most advanced, scalable and usable document security solution on the market, but Oracle and their partners have the most experience in delivering successful document security solutions. Understanding the classification and standard rights model The goal of any successful IRM deployment is to balance the increase in security the technology brings without over complicating the way people use secured content and avoid a significant increase in administration and maintenance. With Oracle it is possible to automate the protection of content, deploy the desktop software transparently and use authentication methods such that users can open newly secured content initially unaware the document is any different to an insecure one. That is until of course they attempt to do something for which they don't have any rights, such as copy and paste to an insecure application or try and print. Central to achieving this objective is creating a classification model that is simple to understand and use but also provides the right level of complexity to meet the business needs. In Oracle IRM the term used for each classification is a "context". A context defines the relationship between.A group of related documents The people that use the documents The roles that these people perform The rights that these people need to perform their role The context is the key to the success of Oracle IRM. It provides the separation of the role and rights of a user from the content itself. Documents are sealed to contexts but none of the rights, user or group information is stored within the content itself. Sealing only places information about the location of the IRM server that sealed it, the context applied to the document and a few other pieces of metadata that pertain only to the document. This important separation of rights from content means that millions of documents can be secured against a single classification and a user needs only one right assigned to be able to access all documents. If you have followed all the previous articles in this guide, you will be ready to start defining contexts to which your sensitive information will be protected. But before you even start with IRM, you need to understand how your own business uses and creates sensitive documents and emails. Identifying business use cases Oracle is able to support multiple classification systems, but usually there is one single initial need for the technology which drives a deployment. This need might be to protect sensitive mergers and acquisitions information, engineering intellectual property, financial documents. For this and every subsequent use case you must understand how users create and work with documents, to who they are distributed and how the recipients should interact with them. A successful IRM deployment should start with one well identified use case (we go through some examples towards the end of this article) and then after letting this use case play out in the business, you learn how your users work with content, how well your communication to the business worked and if the classification system you deployed delivered the right balance. It is at this point you can start rolling the technology out further. Creating an effective IRM classification model Once you have selected the initial use case you will address with IRM, you need to design a classification model that defines the access to secured documents within the use case. In Oracle IRM there is an inbuilt classification system called the "context" model. In Oracle IRM 11g it is possible to extend the server to support any rights classification model, but the majority of users who are not using an application integration (such as Oracle IRM within Oracle Beehive) are likely to be starting out with the built in context model. Before looking at creating a classification system with IRM, it is worth reviewing some recognized standards and methods for creating and implementing security policy. A very useful set of documents are the ISO 17799 guidelines and the SANS security policy templates. First task is to create a context against which documents are to be secured. A context consists of a group of related documents (all top secret engineering research), a list of roles (contributors and readers) which define how users can access documents and a list of users (research engineers) who have been given a role allowing them to interact with sealed content. Before even creating the first context it is wise to decide on a philosophy which will dictate the level of granularity, the question is, where do you start? At a department level? By project? By technology? First consider the two ends of the spectrum... One single classification across the entire business Imagine that instead of having separate contexts, one for engineering intellectual property, one for your financial data, one for human resources personally identifiable information, you create one context for all documents across the entire business. Whilst you may have immediate objections, there are some significant benefits in thinking about considering this. Document security classification decisions are simple. You only have one context to chose from! User provisioning is simple, just make sure everyone has a role in the only context in the business. Administration is very low, if you assign rights to groups from the business user repository you probably never have to touch IRM administration again. There are however some obvious downsides to this model.All users in have access to all IRM secured content. So potentially a sales person could access sensitive mergers and acquisition documents, if they can get their hands on a copy that is. You cannot delegate control of different documents to different parts of the business, this may not satisfy your regulatory requirements for the separation and delegation of duties. Changing a users role affects every single document ever secured. Even though it is very unlikely a business would ever use one single context to secure all their sensitive information, thinking about this scenario raises one very important point. Just having one single context and securing all confidential documents to it, whilst incurring some of the problems detailed above, has one huge value. Once secured, IRM protected content can ONLY be accessed by authorized users. Just think of all the sensitive documents in your business today, imagine if you could ensure that only everyone you trust could open them. Even if an employee lost a laptop or someone accidentally sent an email to the wrong recipient, only the right people could open that file. A context for each and every possible granular use case Now let's think about the total opposite of a single context design. What if you created a context for each and every single defined business need and created multiple contexts within this for each level of granularity? Let's take a use case where we need to protect engineering intellectual property. Imagine we have 6 different engineering groups, and in each we have a research department, a design department and manufacturing. The company information security policy defines 3 levels of information sensitivity... restricted, confidential and top secret. Then let's say that each group and department needs to define access to information from both internal and external users. Finally add into the mix that they want to review the rights model for each context every financial quarter. This would result in a huge amount of contexts. For example, lets just look at the resulting contexts for one engineering group. Q1FY2010 Restricted Internal - Engineering Group 1 - Research Q1FY2010 Restricted Internal - Engineering Group 1 - Design Q1FY2010 Restricted Internal - Engineering Group 1 - Manufacturing Q1FY2010 Restricted External- Engineering Group 1 - Research Q1FY2010 Restricted External - Engineering Group 1 - Design Q1FY2010 Restricted External - Engineering Group 1 - Manufacturing Q1FY2010 Confidential Internal - Engineering Group 1 - Research Q1FY2010 Confidential Internal - Engineering Group 1 - Design Q1FY2010 Confidential Internal - Engineering Group 1 - Manufacturing Q1FY2010 Confidential External - Engineering Group 1 - Research Q1FY2010 Confidential External - Engineering Group 1 - Design Q1FY2010 Confidential External - Engineering Group 1 - Manufacturing Q1FY2010 Top Secret Internal - Engineering Group 1 - Research Q1FY2010 Top Secret Internal - Engineering Group 1 - Design Q1FY2010 Top Secret Internal - Engineering Group 1 - Manufacturing Q1FY2010 Top Secret External - Engineering Group 1 - Research Q1FY2010 Top Secret External - Engineering Group 1 - Design Q1FY2010 Top Secret External - Engineering Group 1 - Manufacturing Now multiply the above by 6 for each engineering group, 18 contexts. You are then creating/reviewing another 18 every 3 months. After a year you've got 72 contexts. What would be the advantages of such a complex classification model? You can satisfy very granular rights requirements, for example only an authorized engineering group 1 researcher can create a top secret report for access internally, and his role will be reviewed on a very frequent basis. Your business may have very complex rights requirements and mapping this directly to IRM may be an obvious exercise. The disadvantages of such a classification model are significant...Huge administrative overhead. Someone in the business must manage, review and administrate each of these contexts. If the engineering group had a single administrator, they would have 72 classifications to reside over each year. From an end users perspective life will be very confusing. Imagine if a user has rights in just 6 of these contexts. They may be able to print content from one but not another, be able to edit content in 2 contexts but not the other 4. Such confusion at the end user level causes frustration and resistance to the use of the technology. Increased synchronization complexity. Imagine a user who after 3 years in the company ends up with over 300 rights in many different contexts across the business. This would result in long synchronization times as the client software updates all your offline rights. Hard to understand who can do what with what. Imagine being the VP of engineering and as part of an internal security audit you are asked the question, "What rights to researchers have to our top secret information?". In this complex model the answer is not simple, it would depend on many roles in many contexts. Of course this example is extreme, but it highlights that trying to build many barriers in your business can result in a nightmare of administration and confusion amongst users. In the real world what we need is a balance of the two. We need to seek an optimum number of contexts. Too many contexts are unmanageable and too few contexts does not give fine enough granularity. What makes a good context? Good context design derives mainly from how well you understand your business requirements to secure access to confidential information. Some customers I have worked with can tell me exactly the documents they wish to secure and know exactly who should be opening them. However there are some customers who know only of the government regulation that requires them to control access to certain types of information, they don't actually know where the documents are, how they are created or understand exactly who should have access. Therefore you need to know how to ask the business the right questions that lead to information which help you define a context. First ask these questions about a set of documentsWhat is the topic? Who are legitimate contributors on this topic? Who are the authorized readership? If the answer to any one of these is significantly different, then it probably merits a separate context. Remember that sealed documents are inherently secure and as such they cannot leak to your competitors, therefore it is better sealed to a broad context than not sealed at all. Simplicity is key here. Always revert to the first extreme example of a single classification, then work towards essential complexity. If there is any doubt, always prefer fewer contexts. Remember, Oracle IRM allows you to change your mind later on. You can implement a design now and continue to change and refine as you learn how the technology is used. It is easy to go from a simple model to a more complex one, it is much harder to take a complex model that is already embedded in the work practice of users and try to simplify it. It is also wise to take a single use case and address this first with the business. Don't try and tackle many different problems from the outset. Do one, learn from the process, refine it and then take what you have learned into the next use case, refine and continue. Once you have a good grasp of the technology and understand how your business will use it, you can then start rolling out the technology wider across the business. Deciding on the use of roles in the context Once you have decided on that first initial use case and a context to create let's look at the details you need to decide upon. For each context, identify; Administrative rolesBusiness owner, the person who makes decisions about who may or may not see content in this context. This is often the person who wanted to use IRM and drove the business purchase. They are the usually the person with the most at risk when sensitive information is lost. Point of contact, the person who will handle requests for access to content. Sometimes the same as the business owner, sometimes a trusted secretary or administrator. Context administrator, the person who will enact the decisions of the Business Owner. Sometimes the point of contact, sometimes a trusted IT person. Document related rolesContributors, the people who create and edit documents in this context. Reviewers, the people who are involved in reviewing documents but are not trusted to secure information to this classification. This role is not always necessary. (See later discussion on Published-work and Work-in-Progress) Readers, the people who read documents from this context. Some people may have several of the roles above, which is fine. What you are trying to do is understand and define how the business interacts with your sensitive information. These roles obviously map directly to roles available in Oracle IRM. Reviewing the features and security for context roles At this point we have decided on a classification of information, understand what roles people in the business will play when administrating this classification and how they will interact with content. The final piece of the puzzle in getting the information for our first context is to look at the permissions people will have to sealed documents. First think why are you protecting the documents in the first place? It is to prevent the loss of leaking of information to the wrong people. To control the information, making sure that people only access the latest versions of documents. You are not using Oracle IRM to prevent unauthorized people from doing legitimate work. This is an important point, with IRM you can erect many barriers to prevent access to content yet too many restrictions and authorized users will often find ways to circumvent using the technology and end up distributing unprotected originals. Because IRM is a security technology, it is easy to get carried away restricting different groups. However I would highly recommend starting with a simple solution with few restrictions. Ensure that everyone who reasonably needs to read documents can do so from the outset. Remember that with Oracle IRM you can change rights to content whenever you wish and tighten security. Always return to the fact that the greatest value IRM brings is that ONLY authorized users can access secured content, remember that simple "one context for the entire business" model. At the start of the deployment you really need to aim for user acceptance and therefore a simple model is more likely to succeed. As time passes and users understand how IRM works you can start to introduce more restrictions and complexity. Another key aspect to focus on is handling exceptions. If you decide on a context model where engineering can only access engineering information, and sales can only access sales data. Act quickly when a sales manager needs legitimate access to a set of engineering documents. Having a quick and effective process for permitting other people with legitimate needs to obtain appropriate access will be rewarded with acceptance from the user community. These use cases can often be satisfied by integrating IRM with a good Identity & Access Management technology which simplifies the process of assigning users the correct business roles. The big print issue... Printing is often an issue of contention, users love to print but the business wants to ensure sensitive information remains in the controlled digital world. There are many cases of physical document loss causing a business pain, it is often overlooked that IRM can help with this issue by limiting the ability to generate physical copies of digital content. However it can be hard to maintain a balance between security and usability when it comes to printing. Consider the following points when deciding about whether to give print rights. Oracle IRM sealed documents can contain watermarks that expose information about the user, time and location of access and the classification of the document. This information would reside in the printed copy making it easier to trace who printed it. Printed documents are slower to distribute in comparison to their digital counterparts, so time sensitive information in printed format may present a lower risk. Print activity is audited, therefore you can monitor and react to users abusing print rights. Summary In summary it is important to think carefully about the way you create your context model. As you ask the business these questions you may get a variety of different requirements. There may be special projects that require a context just for sensitive information created during the lifetime of the project. There may be a department that requires all information in the group is secured and you might have a few senior executives who wish to use IRM to exchange a small number of highly sensitive documents with a very small number of people. Oracle IRM, with its very flexible context classification system, can support all of these use cases. The trick is to introducing the complexity to deliver them at the right level. In another article i'm working on I will go through some examples of how Oracle IRM might map to existing business use cases. But for now, this article covers all the important questions you need to get your IRM service deployed and successfully protecting your most sensitive information.

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