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  • Why does a hard disk suddenly look to Windows as if it "needs to be formatted"?

    - by pufferfish
    This is more of a theory question, but what are the reason(s) for a disk to suddenly cause Windows to start saying it "needs to be formatted"? It happens to an IDE disk that I have in a cheap external enclosure, and I can usually get most of the data back by using software like recuva. It's now happened to an internal disk I have. I'm not looking for software to fix this (although links would be appreciated), but rather a low-level explanation as to what gets corrupted on the disk.

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  • Adding two Set[Any]

    - by Alex Boisvert
    Adding two Set[Int] works: Welcome to Scala version 2.8.1.final (Java HotSpot(TM) Server VM, Java 1.6.0_23). Type in expressions to have them evaluated. Type :help for more information. scala> Set(1,2,3) ++ Set(4,5,6) res0: scala.collection.immutable.Set[Int] = Set(4, 5, 6, 1, 2, 3) But adding two Set[Any] doesn't: scala> Set[Any](1,2,3) ++ Set[Any](4,5,6) <console>:6: error: ambiguous reference to overloaded definition, both method ++ in trait Addable of type (xs: scala.collection.TraversableOnce[Any])scala.collection.immutable.Set[Any] and method ++ in trait TraversableLike of type [B >: Any,That](that: scala.collection.TraversableOnce[B])(implicit bf: scala.collection.generic.CanBuildFrom[scala.collection.immutable.Set[Any],B,That])That match argument types (scala.collection.immutable.Set[Any]) Set[Any](1,2,3) ++ Set[Any](4,5,6) ^ Any suggestion to work around this error?

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  • set proxy for vpn server on ubuntu server 12.4

    - by Morteza Soltanabadiyan
    I have a vpn server with HTTPS, L2TP , OPENVPN , PPTP. i want to set proxy in the server so all connection that comes from vpn clients use the proxy that i set in my server. I made a bash script file for it , but proxy not working. gsettings set org.gnome.system.proxy mode 'manual' gsettings set org.gnome.system.proxy.http enabled true gsettings set org.gnome.system.proxy.http host 'cproxy.anadolu.edu.tr' gsettings set org.gnome.system.proxy.http port 8080 gsettings set org.gnome.system.proxy.http authentication-user 'admin' gsettings set org.gnome.system.proxy.http authentication-password 'admin' gsettings set org.gnome.system.proxy use-same-proxy true export http_proxy=http://admin:[email protected]:8080 export https_proxy=http://admin:[email protected]:8080 export HTTP_PROXY=http://admin:[email protected]:8080 export HTTPS_PROXY=http://admin:[email protected]:8080 Now , i dont know what to do to make a global proxy for server and all vpn clients use it automatically.

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  • How to set conditional activation to taskflows?

    - by shantala.sankeshwar(at)oracle.com
    This article describes implementing conditional activation to taskflows.Use Case Description Suppose we have a taskflow dropped as region on a page & this region is enclosed in a popup .By default when the page is loaded the respective region also gets loaded.Hence a region model needs to provide a viewId whenever one is requested.  A consequence of this is the TaskFlowRegionModel always has to initialize its task flow and execute the task flow's default activity in order to determine a viewId, even if the region is not visible on the page.This can lead to unnecessary performance overhead of executing task flow to generate viewIds for regions that are never visible. In order to increase the performance,we need to set the taskflow bindings activation property to 'conditional'.Below described is a simple usecase that shows how exactly we can set the conditional activations to taskflow bindings.Steps:1.Create an ADF Fusion web ApplicationView image 2.Create Business components for Emp tableView image3.Create a view criteria where deptno=:some_bind_variableView image4.Generate EmpViewImpl.java file & write the below code.Then expose this to client interface.    public void filterEmpRecords(Number deptNo){            // Code to filter the deptnos         ensureVariableManager().setVariableValue("some_bind_variable",  deptNo);        this.applyViewCriteria(this.getViewCriteria("EmpViewCriteria"));        this.executeQuery();       }5.Create an ADF Taskflow with page fragements & drop the above method on the taskflow6.Also drop the view activity(showEmp.jsff) .Define control flow case from the above method activity to the view activity.Set the method activity as default activityView image7.Create  main.jspx page & drop the above taskflow as region on this pageView image8.Surround the region with the dialog & surround the dialog with the popup(id is Popup1)9.Drop the commandButton on the above page & insert af:showPopupBehavior inside the commandButton:<af:commandButton text="show popup" id="cb1"><af:showPopupBehavior popupId="::Popup1"/></af:commandButton>10.Now if we execute this main page ,we will notice that the method action gets called even before the popup is launched.We can avoid this this by setting the activation property of the taskflow to conditional11.Goto the bindings of the above main page & select the taskflow binding ,set its activation property to 'conditional' & active property to Boolean value #{Somebean.popupVisible}.By default its value should be false.View image12.We need to set the above Boolean value to true only when the popup is launched.This can be achieved by inserting setPropertyListener inside the popup:<af:setPropertyListener from="true" to="#{Somebean.popupVisible}" type="popupFetch"/>13.Now if we run the page,we will notice that the method action is not called & only when we click on 'show popup' button the method action gets called.

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  • Bit-Twiddling in SQL

    - by Mike C
    Someone posted a question to the SQL Server forum the other day asking how to count runs of zero bits in an integer using SQL. Basically the poster wanted to know how to efficiently determine the longest contiguous string of zero-bits (known as a run of bits) in any given 32-bit integer. Here are a couple of examples to demonstrate the idea: Decimal = Binary = Zero Run 999,999,999 decimal = 00 111011 1 00 11010 11 00 1 00 1 11111111 binary = 2 contiguous zero bits 666,666,666 decimal = 00100111 10111100...(read more)

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  • Using set operation in LINQ

    - by vik20000in
    There are many set operation that are required to be performed while working with any kind of data. This can be done very easily with the help of LINQ methods available for this functionality. Below are some of the examples of the set operation with LINQ. Finding distinct values in the set of data. We can use the distinct method to find out distinct values in a given list.     int[] factorsOf300 = { 2, 2, 3, 5, 5 };     var uniqueFactors = factorsOf300.Distinct(); We can also use the set operation of UNION with the help of UNION method in the LINQ. The Union method takes another collection as a parameter and returns the distinct union values in  both the list. Below is an example.     int[] numbersA = { 0, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9 };    int[] numbersB = { 1, 3, 5, 7, 8 };    var uniqueNumbers = numbersA.Union(numbersB); We can also get the set operation of INTERSECT with the help of the INTERSECT method. Below is an example.     int[] numbersA = { 0, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9 };     int[] numbersB = { 1, 3, 5, 7, 8 };         var commonNumbers = numbersA.Intersect(numbersB);  We can also find the difference between the 2 sets of data with the help of except method.      int[] numbersA = { 0, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9 };     int[] numbersB = { 1, 3, 5, 7, 8 };         IEnumerable<int> aOnlyNumbers = numbersA.Except(numbersB);  Vikram

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  • Boost.MultiIndex: How to make an effective set intersection?

    - by Arman
    Hello, assume that we have a data1 and data2. How can I intersect them with std::set_intersect()? struct pID { int ID; unsigned int IDf;// postition in the file pID(int id,const unsigned int idf):ID(id),IDf(idf){} bool operator<(const pID& p)const { return ID<p.ID;} }; struct ID{}; struct IDf{}; typedef multi_index_container< pID, indexed_by< ordered_unique< tag<IDf>, BOOST_MULTI_INDEX_MEMBER(pID,unsigned int,IDf)>, ordered_non_unique< tag<ID>,BOOST_MULTI_INDEX_MEMBER(pID,int,ID)> > > pID_set; ID_set data1, data2; Load(data1); Load(data2); pID_set::index<ID>::type& L1_ID_index=L1.data.get<ID>(); pID_set::index<ID>::type& L2_ID_index=L2.data.get<ID>(); // How do I use set_intersect? Kind regards, Arman.

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  • Set scheduled task last result to 0x0 manually

    - by Rogier
    Every night a task runs that checks if any scheduled task has a Last Result is not equal to 0x0. If a scheduled tasks has an error like 0x1, then automatically an e-mail is sent to me. As some tasks are running only weekly, and sometimes an error occurs which results in not equal to 0x0, every night an e-mail is sent with the error message, as the Last Result column still shows the last result of 0x1. But I would like to set the Last Result column to 0x0 manually if I solved a problem, so I won't get every night an e-mail with the error message. So is it possible to set the scheduled tasks Last Result to 0x0 manually (or by a script)? @harrymc. See located script underneath that is sending the e-mail. I can easily add a criteria to ignore result 0x1 (or another code), however this is not the solution as most of the times this result is a real error and has to be e-mailed. set [email protected] set SMTPServer=SMTPserver set PathToScript=c:\scripts set [email protected] for /F "delims=" %%a in ('schtasks /query /v /fo:list ^| findstr /i "Taskname Result"') do call :Sub %%a goto :eof :Sub set Line=%* set BOL=%Line:~0,4% set MOL=%Line:~38% if /i %BOL%==Task ( set name=%MOL% goto :eof ) set result=%MOL% echo Task Name=%name%, Task Result=%result% if not %result%==0 ( echo Task %name% failed with result %result% > %PathToScript%\taskcheckerlog.txt bmail %PathToScript%\taskcheckerlog.txt -t %YourEmailAddress% -a "Warning! Failed %name% Scheduled Task on %computername%" -s %SMTPServer% -f %FromAddress% -b "Task %name% failed with result %result% on CorVu scheduler %computername%" )

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  • How to set the service endPoint URI dynamically in SOA Suite 11gR1 by Sylvain Grosjean’s

    - by JuergenKress
    Use Case : This example demonstrates how to get the URI of the backend service from a repository and how to set it dynamically to our partnerLink (dynamicPartnerLink). Implementation steps : Create a dvm file Create a BPEL component Add the endPointURI variable and assign the uri Set the endpointURI property in the invoke activity 1. Create a DVM file : In order to define our repository, we are going to use DVM (Data Value Maps) : For more explanation regarding DVM, you should read this documentation. 2. Create a BPEL Component : First you need to implement the simple bpel process like this : - The AssignPayload is used to set the inputvariable of our invoke activity. - The AssignEndpointURI is used to dynamically set the endPointURI variable from our DVM repository - The invoke activity to call the external service Read the complete article here. SOA & BPM Partner Community For regular information on Oracle SOA Suite become a member in the SOA & BPM Partner Community for registration please visit www.oracle.com/goto/emea/soa (OPN account required) If you need support with your account please contact the Oracle Partner Business Center. Blog Twitter LinkedIn Facebook Wiki Technorati Tags: human task,SOA Community,Oracle SOA,Oracle BPM,Community,OPN,Jürgen Kress,Sylvain Grosjean

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  • Writing algorithm on 2D data set in plain english

    - by Alexandre P. Levasseur
    I have started an introductory Java class and the material is absolutely horrendous and I have to get excellent grades to be accepted into the master's degree, hence my very beginner question: In my assignment I have to write algorithms (no pseudo-code yet) to solve a board game (Sudoku). Essentially, the notes say that an algorithm is specification of the input(s), the output(s) and the treatments applied to the input to get the output. My question lies on the wording of algorithms because I could probably code it but I can't seem to put it on paper in a coherent way. The game has a 9x9 board and one of the algorithms to write has to find the solution by looking at 3 squares (either horizontal or vertical) and see if one of the three sub-squares match the number you are looking for. If none match then the number you are looking to place is in one of the other 2 set of 3 sub-squares (see image to get a better idea). I really can't get my head around how to formulate the solution into the terms described above or maybe it's just too simple, here's what I was thinking: Input: A 2-dimensional set of data of size 9 by 9 to be solved and a number to search for. Ouput: A 2-dimensional set of data of size 9 by 9 either solved or partially solved. Treatment: Scan each set of 3x9 and 9x3 squares. For each line or column of a 3x3 square check if the number matches a line (or column). If it does then move to the next line (or column). If not then proceed to the next 3x3 square in the same line (or column). Rinse and repeat. Does that make sense as an algorithm written in plain english ? I'm not looking for an answer to the algorithm per se but rather on the formulation of algorithms in plain english.

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  • How do I set up pairing email addresses?

    - by James A. Rosen
    Our team uses the Ruby gem hitch to manage pairing. You set it up with a group email address (e.g. [email protected]) and then tell it who is pairing: $ hitch james tiffany Hitch then sets your Git author configuration so that our commits look like commit 629dbd4739eaa91a720dd432c7a8e6e1a511cb2d Author: James and Tiffany <[email protected]> Date: Thu Oct 31 13:59:05 2013 -0700 Unfortunately, we've only been able to come up with two options: [email protected] doesn't exist. The downside is that if Travis CI tries to notify us that we broke the build, we don't see it. [email protected] does exist and forwards to all the developers. Now the downside is that everyone gets spammed with every broken build by every pair. We have too many possible pair to do any of the following: set up actual [email protected] email addresses or groups (n^2 email addresses) set up forwarding rules for [email protected] (n^2 forwarding rules) set up forwarding rules for [email protected] (n forwarding rules for each of n developers) Does anyone have a system that works for them?

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  • Glowing Chess Set Combines LEDs, Chess, and DIY Electronics Fun

    - by ETC
    Anyone who says that the centuries old game of Chess cannot be improved upon has obviously never played with a glowing chess board. Today we take a look at a cheap glass chess set modded to glow from within. Instructables user Tetranitrate had a glass chess set he scored on-the-cheap and had always wanted to illuminate it in some way. He ruled out illuminating the board itself (no good way to keep track of the piece colors) and putting a battery in each piece (too big of a pain, over complicates the design). His final solution, the one seen in the photo here, was to build a wood and copper board, run a low voltage across the surface of the chess board, and affix a conductive copper ring to the bottom of each chess piece to power the LED embedded inside. In this manner the pieces would glow on the board and then go dark as soon as they were removed from play. Hit up the link below for additional details on the build and instructions on building your own. LED Chess Set [Instructables] Latest Features How-To Geek ETC How to Get Amazing Color from Photos in Photoshop, GIMP, and Paint.NET Learn To Adjust Contrast Like a Pro in Photoshop, GIMP, and Paint.NET Have You Ever Wondered How Your Operating System Got Its Name? Should You Delete Windows 7 Service Pack Backup Files to Save Space? What Can Super Mario Teach Us About Graphics Technology? Windows 7 Service Pack 1 is Released: But Should You Install It? Save Files Directly from Your Browser to the Cloud in Chrome and Iron The Steve Jobs Chronicles – Charlie and the Apple Factory [Video] Google Chrome Updates; Faster, Cleaner Menus, Encrypted Password Syncing, and More Glowing Chess Set Combines LEDs, Chess, and DIY Electronics Fun Peaceful Alpine River on a Sunny Day [Wallpaper] Fast Society Creates Mini and Mobile Temporary Social Networks

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  • .NET Properties - Use Private Set or ReadOnly Property?

    - by tgxiii
    In what situation should I use a Private Set on a property versus making it a ReadOnly property? Take into consideration the two very simplistic examples below. First example: Public Class Person Private _name As String Public Property Name As String Get Return _name End Get Private Set(ByVal value As String) _name = value End Set End Property Public Sub WorkOnName() Dim txtInfo As TextInfo = _ Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture.TextInfo Me.Name = txtInfo.ToTitleCase(Me.Name) End Sub End Class // ---------- public class Person { private string _name; public string Name { get { return _name; } private set { _name = value; } } public void WorkOnName() { TextInfo txtInfo = System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture.TextInfo; this.Name = txtInfo.ToTitleCase(this.Name); } } Second example: Public Class AnotherPerson Private _name As String Public ReadOnly Property Name As String Get Return _name End Get End Property Public Sub WorkOnName() Dim txtInfo As TextInfo = _ Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture.TextInfo _name = txtInfo.ToTitleCase(_name) End Sub End Class // --------------- public class AnotherPerson { private string _name; public string Name { get { return _name; } } public void WorkOnName() { TextInfo txtInfo = System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture.TextInfo; _name = txtInfo.ToTitleCase(_name); } } They both yield the same results. Is this a situation where there's no right and wrong, and it's just a matter of preference?

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  • How to Set Up a Hadoop Cluster Using Oracle Solaris (Hands-On Lab)

    - by Orgad Kimchi
    Oracle Technology Network (OTN) published the "How to Set Up a Hadoop Cluster Using Oracle Solaris" OOW 2013 Hands-On Lab. This hands-on lab presents exercises that demonstrate how to set up an Apache Hadoop cluster using Oracle Solaris 11 technologies such as Oracle Solaris Zones, ZFS, and network virtualization. Key topics include the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) and the Hadoop MapReduce programming model. We will also cover the Hadoop installation process and the cluster building blocks: NameNode, a secondary NameNode, and DataNodes. In addition, you will see how you can combine the Oracle Solaris 11 technologies for better scalability and data security, and you will learn how to load data into the Hadoop cluster and run a MapReduce job. Summary of Lab Exercises This hands-on lab consists of 13 exercises covering various Oracle Solaris and Apache Hadoop technologies:     Install Hadoop.     Edit the Hadoop configuration files.     Configure the Network Time Protocol.     Create the virtual network interfaces (VNICs).     Create the NameNode and the secondary NameNode zones.     Set up the DataNode zones.     Configure the NameNode.     Set up SSH.     Format HDFS from the NameNode.     Start the Hadoop cluster.     Run a MapReduce job.     Secure data at rest using ZFS encryption.     Use Oracle Solaris DTrace for performance monitoring.  Read it now

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  • Correct place to set $BIBINPUTS environment variable

    - by student
    If I set the $BIBINPUTS environment varibale in my .zshrc, it is recognized by emacs-reftex (via emacsclient), if I start emacs from my zsh commandline. However if I start using the menubar or gmrun it doesn't knot this variable. So where is the correct place to set for the whole user environment? If there are several alternatives, let me know. Also if it changed between differend ubuntu-versions. Edit: I have tried to set it in ~/.pam_environment like BSTINPUTS=.:/home/myuser/BiBTeX/:$BSTINPUTS BIBINPUTS=.:/home/myuser/BiBTeX/:$BIBINPUTS but it seems to have no effect (even after rebooting) and is not listed via printenv. I am currently using ubuntu natty + gdm + xmonad.

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  • Fast set indexing data structure for superset retrieval

    - by Asterios
    I am given a set of sets: {{a,b}, {a,b,c}, {a,c}, {a,c,f}} I would like to have a data structure to index those sets such that the following "lookup" is executed fast: find all supersets of a given set. For example, given the set {a,c} the structure would return {{a,b,c}, {a,c,f}, {a,c}} but not {a,b}. Any suggestions? Could this be done with a smart trie-like data structure storing sets after a proper sorting? This data structures is going to be queried a lot. Thus, I'm searching for a structure that might be expensive in build but rather fast to query.

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  • How to set-up a simple subversion workflow

    - by Milen Bilyanov
    I am trying to set-up a simple SVN workflow at home. I am new to subversion (and programming) so I have been reading the official PDF documentations but still not sure about how to set-up my repository. I am working mainly with python, bash and rsl (Renderman Shading Language) So I already have a /dev structure on my disk as this: http://imageshack.us/f/708/devstructure.png/ And I have a /site structure that links to my /dev folder: http://imageshack.us/f/651/sitestructure.png/ So obviously starting to use SVN will change this approach that I already have in place. The question is when I am setting-up my SVN repository for the work I do in my /dev folder: Will I set-up a separate repository for each different programming platform? and Where exactly I should be placing my repository? Thanks.

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  • How get and set accessors work

    - by Chris Halcrow
    The standard method of implementing get and set accessors in C# and VB.NET is to use a public property to set and retrieve the value of a corresponding private variable. Am I right in saying that this has no effect of different instances of a variable? By this I mean, if there are different instantiations of an object, then those instances and their properties are completely independent right? So I think my understanding is correct that setting a private variable is just a construct to be able to implement the get and set pattern? Never been 100% sure about this.

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  • Efficient algorithm to find a the set of numbers in a range

    - by user133020
    If I have an array of sorted numbers and every object is one of the numbers or multiplication. For example if the sorted array is [1, 2, 7] then the set is {1, 2, 7, 1*2, 1*7, 2*7, 1*2*7}. As you can see if there's n numbers in the sorted array, the size of the set is 2n-1. My question is how can I find for a given sorted array of n numbers all the objects in the set so that the objects is in a given interval. For example if the sorted array is [1, 2, 3 ... 19, 20] what is the most efficient algorithm to find the objects that are larger than 1000 and less than 2500 (without calculating all the 2n-1 objects)?

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  • Set the Windows Explorer Startup Folder in Windows 7

    - by Mysticgeek
    When you open Windows Explorer from the Taskbar in Windows 7, it defaults to the Libraries view. Today we take a look at changing the target path to allow you to customize which location opens by default. When you click on the Windows Explorer icon on the Windows 7 Taskbar, it’s set to open to the Libraries view by default. You might not use the Libraries feature, or want to set it to a different location that is more commonly used. Set Windows Explorer Startup Location To change the default startup location for the Windows Explorer Taskbar icon, if you have no Explorer screens open, hold down the Shift key, right-click the Explorer icon, and select Properties. Or if you have Windows open, right-click on the Explorer icon to bring up the Jumplist, then right-click on Windows Explorer and select Properties. Windows Explorer Properties opens up and you’ll want to click on the Shortcut tab so we can change the Target.   A common place you might want it to default to is your Documents folder. So to do that we need to enter the following into the Target field. %SystemRoot%\explorer.exe /n,::{450D8FBA-AD25-11D0-98A8-0800361B1103}   Now when you open Windows Explorer from the Taskbar it defaults to My Documents… If you use the Start Menu to access Windows Explorer, open the Start Menu and go to All Programs \ Accessories and right-click on Windows Explorer then select Properties. Change the target path to where you want it to go. In this example we want Windows Explorer to open up to My Computer so we entered the following in the Target field. %SystemRoot%\explorer.exe /E,::{20D04FE0-3AEA-1069-A2D8-08002B30309D} When click on the Explorer icon in the Start Menu it defaults to My Computer… You can set it to open to various locations. For instance if you wanted to mess with someone at work, you could enter the following and Explorer will always open to the Recycle Bin. %SystemRoot%\explorer.exe /E,::{645FF040-5081-101B-9F08-00AA002F954E} Conclusion Here we showed you a couple of commonly used locations that you might want Windows Explorer to open to instead of Libraries. You can set it to other locations if you know the GUID (Globally Unique Identifiers) for the object or location you want it to default to. For more on using GUIDs check out The Geek’s article on how to enable the secret “How-To Geek” mode in Windows 7. Actually it’s just a play on the so-called “God Mode” for Windows, but there is some good information, and a list of some locations you might want to have Windows Explorer open to. Similar Articles Productive Geek Tips Make Explorer Show Window Titles in Windows VistaDisable Explorer Breadcrumbs in Windows VistaStill Useful in Vista: Startup Control PanelStop an Application from Running at Startup in Windows VistaHotkey for Creating New Folder in Windows Explorer TouchFreeze Alternative in AutoHotkey The Icy Undertow Desktop Windows Home Server – Backup to LAN The Clear & Clean Desktop Use This Bookmarklet to Easily Get Albums Use AutoHotkey to Assign a Hotkey to a Specific Window Latest Software Reviews Tinyhacker Random Tips VMware Workstation 7 Acronis Online Backup DVDFab 6 Revo Uninstaller Pro Twelve must-have Google Chrome plugins Cool Looking Skins for Windows Media Player 12 Move the Mouse Pointer With Your Face Movement Using eViacam Boot Windows Faster With Boot Performance Diagnostics Create Ringtones For Your Android Phone With RingDroid Enhance Your Laptop’s Battery Life With These Tips

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  • Dual booting on separate hard drives

    - by tornadorider
    I have windows XP professional installed on 1 hard drive and Ubuntu 10.10 on my second hard drive. On start up the computer completely skips the grub menu and boots straight into 10.10. I have tried running os-prober with the windows hard drive mounted and then updating grub but it didnt work. Any ideas? I have changed the boot order so that the HDD with xp on it is first however the computer still booted into linux. I tried running grub-install /dev/sda and got this /usr/sbin/grub-setup: warn: Sector 32 is already in use by FlexNet; avoiding it. This software may cause boot or other problems in future. Please ask its authors not to store data in the boot track.. /usr/sbin/grub-setup: warn: Sector 33 is already in use by FlexNet; avoiding it. This software may cause boot or other problems in future. Please ask its authors not to store data in the boot track.. Installation finished. No error reported I checked using disk utility and the code for my xp hard drive is sdb so i ran the camand grub-install /dev/sdb shich gave me this Installation finished. No error reported. So i rebooted but it still didnt work. Any other ideas? Additional info gedit /boot/grub/grub.cfg: # # DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE # # It is automatically generated by grub-mkconfig using templates # from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub # ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ### if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then set have_grubenv=true load_env fi set default="0" if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}" save_env saved_entry set prev_saved_entry= save_env prev_saved_entry set boot_once=true fi function savedefault { if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then saved_entry="${chosen}" save_env saved_entry fi } function recordfail { set recordfail=1 if [ -n "${have_grubenv}" ]; then if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then save_env recordfail; fi; fi } function load_video { insmod vbe insmod vga } insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set d682c9bd-dd89-4827-9802-a1f921ebe21c if loadfont /usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2 ; then set gfxmode=640x480 load_video insmod gfxterm fi terminal_output gfxterm insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set d682c9bd-dd89-4827-9802-a1f921ebe21c set locale_dir=($root)/boot/grub/locale set lang=en insmod gettext if [ "${recordfail}" = 1 ]; then set timeout=-1 else set timeout=10 fi ### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### set menu_color_normal=white/black set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray ### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.35-28-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set d682c9bd-dd89-4827-9802-a1f921ebe21c linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.35-28-generic root=UUID=d682c9bd-dd89-4827-9802-a1f921ebe21c ro quiet splash initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.35-28-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.35-28-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set d682c9bd-dd89-4827-9802-a1f921ebe21c echo 'Loading Linux 2.6.35-28-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.35-28-generic root=UUID=d682c9bd-dd89-4827-9802-a1f921ebe21c ro single echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.35-28-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.35-22-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set d682c9bd-dd89-4827-9802-a1f921ebe21c linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.35-22-generic root=UUID=d682c9bd-dd89-4827-9802-a1f921ebe21c ro quiet splash initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.35-22-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.35-22-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set d682c9bd-dd89-4827-9802-a1f921ebe21c echo 'Loading Linux 2.6.35-22-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.35-22-generic root=UUID=d682c9bd-dd89-4827-9802-a1f921ebe21c ro single echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.35-22-generic } ### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### ### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+)" { insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set d682c9bd-dd89-4827-9802-a1f921ebe21c linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin } menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)" { insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set d682c9bd-dd89-4827-9802-a1f921ebe21c linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin console=ttyS0,115200n8 } ### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### if [ "x${timeout}" != "x-1" ]; then if keystatus; then if keystatus --shift; then set timeout=-1 else set timeout=0 fi else if sleep --interruptible 3 ; then set timeout=0 fi fi fi ### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### # This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the # menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change # the 'exec tail' line above. ### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ### if [ -f $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then source $prefix/custom.cfg; fi ### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ### sudo fdisk -l: Disk /dev/sda: 80.1 GB, 80060424192 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 9733 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0008a483 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 9352 75112448 83 Linux /dev/sda2 9352 9734 3068929 5 Extended /dev/sda5 9352 9734 3068928 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sdb: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xc5d6c5d6 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 60800 488375968+ 7 HPFS/NTFS sudo blkid /dev/sda1: UUID="d682c9bd-dd89-4827-9802-a1f921ebe21c" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sda5: UUID="09e9c2cb-d903-4f0b-a181-536951845231" TYPE="swap" /dev/sdb1: UUID="B21844EB1844AFE1" TYPE="ntfs" sudo os-prober (nothing) Boot Info Script 0.55 dated February 15th, 2010 ============================= Boot Info Summary: ============================== => Grub 2 is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda and looks on the same drive in partition #1 for (,msdos1)/boot/grub. => Grub 2 is installed in the MBR of /dev/sdb and looks on the same drive in partition #1 for (,msdos1)/boot/grub. sda1: _________________________________________________________________________ File system: ext4 Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: Operating System: Ubuntu 10.10 Boot files/dirs: /boot/grub/grub.cfg /etc/fstab /boot/grub/core.img sda2: _________________________________________________________________________ File system: Extended Partition Boot sector type: Unknown Boot sector info: sda5: _________________________________________________________________________ File system: swap Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: sdb1: _________________________________________________________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Windows XP Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Operating System: Windows XP Boot files/dirs: =========================== Drive/Partition Info: ============================= Drive: sda ___________________ _____________________________________________________ Disk /dev/sda: 80.1 GB, 80060424192 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 9733 cylinders, total 156368016 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Partition Boot Start End Size Id System /dev/sda1 * 2,048 150,226,943 150,224,896 83 Linux /dev/sda2 150,228,990 156,366,847 6,137,858 5 Extended /dev/sda5 150,228,992 156,366,847 6,137,856 82 Linux swap / Solaris Drive: sdb ___________________ _____________________________________________________ Disk /dev/sdb: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders, total 976773168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Partition Boot Start End Size Id System /dev/sdb1 * 63 976,751,999 976,751,937 7 HPFS/NTFS blkid -c /dev/null: ____________________________________________________________ Device UUID TYPE LABEL /dev/sda1 d682c9bd-dd89-4827-9802-a1f921ebe21c ext4 /dev/sda2: PTTYPE="dos" /dev/sda5 09e9c2cb-d903-4f0b-a181-536951845231 swap /dev/sda: PTTYPE="dos" /dev/sdb1 B21844EB1844AFE1 ntfs /dev/sdb: PTTYPE="dos" ============================ "mount | grep ^/dev output: =========================== Device Mount_Point Type Options /dev/sda1 / ext4 (rw,errors=remount-ro,commit=0) =========================== sda1/boot/grub/grub.cfg: =========================== # # DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE # # It is automatically generated by grub-mkconfig using templates # from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub # ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ### if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then set have_grubenv=true load_env fi set default="0" if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}" save_env saved_entry set prev_saved_entry= save_env prev_saved_entry set boot_once=true fi function savedefault { if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then saved_entry="${chosen}" save_env saved_entry fi } function recordfail { set recordfail=1 if [ -n "${have_grubenv}" ]; then if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then save_env recordfail; fi; fi } function load_video { insmod vbe insmod vga } insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set d682c9bd-dd89-4827-9802-a1f921ebe21c if loadfont /usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2 ; then set gfxmode=640x480 load_video insmod gfxterm fi terminal_output gfxterm insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set d682c9bd-dd89-4827-9802-a1f921ebe21c set locale_dir=($root)/boot/grub/locale set lang=en insmod gettext if [ "${recordfail}" = 1 ]; then set timeout=-1 else set timeout=10 fi ### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### set menu_color_normal=white/black set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray ### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.35-28-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set d682c9bd-dd89-4827-9802-a1f921ebe21c linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.35-28-generic root=UUID=d682c9bd-dd89-4827-9802-a1f921ebe21c ro quiet splash initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.35-28-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.35-28-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set d682c9bd-dd89-4827-9802-a1f921ebe21c echo 'Loading Linux 2.6.35-28-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.35-28-generic root=UUID=d682c9bd-dd89-4827-9802-a1f921ebe21c ro single echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.35-28-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.35-22-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set d682c9bd-dd89-4827-9802-a1f921ebe21c linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.35-22-generic root=UUID=d682c9bd-dd89-4827-9802-a1f921ebe21c ro quiet splash initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.35-22-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.35-22-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set d682c9bd-dd89-4827-9802-a1f921ebe21c echo 'Loading Linux 2.6.35-22-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.35-22-generic root=UUID=d682c9bd-dd89-4827-9802-a1f921ebe21c ro single echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.35-22-generic } ### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### ### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+)" { insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set d682c9bd-dd89-4827-9802-a1f921ebe21c linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin } menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)" { insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set d682c9bd-dd89-4827-9802-a1f921ebe21c linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin console=ttyS0,115200n8 } ### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### if [ "x${timeout}" != "x-1" ]; then if keystatus; then if keystatus --shift; then set timeout=-1 else set timeout=0 fi else if sleep --interruptible 3 ; then set timeout=0 fi fi fi ### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### # This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the # menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change # the 'exec tail' line above. menuentry "Windows XP" { set root=(hd1,1) chainloader (hd1,1)+1 } ### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ### if [ -f $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then source $prefix/custom.cfg; fi ### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ### =============================== sda1/etc/fstab: =============================== # /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # Use 'blkid -o value -s UUID' to print the universally unique identifier # for a device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name # devices that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5). # # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> proc /proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0 /dev/sda1 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 # swap was on /dev/sda5 during installation UUID=09e9c2cb-d903-4f0b-a181-536951845231 none swap sw 0 0 =================== sda1: Location of files loaded by Grub: =================== 51.7GB: boot/grub/core.img 58.5GB: boot/grub/grub.cfg 1.2GB: boot/initrd.img-2.6.35-22-generic 1.3GB: boot/initrd.img-2.6.35-28-generic 58.2GB: boot/vmlinuz-2.6.35-22-generic 51.7GB: boot/vmlinuz-2.6.35-28-generic 1.3GB: initrd.img 1.2GB: initrd.img.old 51.7GB: vmlinuz 58.2GB: vmlinuz.old =========================== Unknown MBRs/Boot Sectors/etc ======================= Unknown BootLoader on sda2 00000000 d9 ed 13 ab ff a8 33 8c 01 b2 47 99 e1 4a b1 f1 |......3...G..J..| 00000010 69 5f a7 29 a4 1a 03 9e 31 b9 45 02 71 e6 58 78 |i_.)....1.E.q.Xx| 00000020 3d f6 ee 7b 3e 33 1b 82 c6 7d cf 1a c8 e7 bc 2f |=..{>3...}...../| 00000030 b9 e1 70 75 cf 18 aa e7 d5 7e 3c f1 b4 e7 9e 3a |..pu.....~<....:| 00000040 55 38 f1 b4 ee 78 59 0b 5e f7 3c 4c 57 73 9c 2a |U8...xY.^.<LWs.*| 00000050 28 f1 19 ed 11 9c b2 19 e2 80 92 1c 7b 84 ee 0b |(...........{...| 00000060 e2 c0 ac af 0a 50 42 b9 cf 0c dc 2c 20 77 85 dc |.....PB...., w..| 00000070 8f 70 5f 7b 84 9b a1 f7 8c 2d ee 70 5c ae f7 39 |.p_{.....-.p\..9| 00000080 63 f7 09 8a ec 79 4c ed 9f cc ad 3c f8 1b 47 7d |c....yL....<..G}| 00000090 3f 97 d5 16 cb 29 45 38 25 61 36 08 de 10 93 0f |?....)E8%a6.....| 000000a0 95 4f ea 54 f9 89 ff f1 bf 9a cc bb fd b6 22 b1 |.O.T..........".| 000000b0 65 08 05 21 78 19 46 b0 24 7e fb de d4 b3 ba d6 |e..!x.F.$~......| 000000c0 ec 11 65 82 ee 10 1d 12 04 91 da 6d 67 47 ea 9b |..e........mgG..| 000000d0 6f b0 aa fb cb 67 10 64 86 e8 26 85 fb f9 50 77 |o....g.d..&...Pw| 000000e0 9d 13 9b 9e d9 11 f3 a1 50 1b 11 b7 93 79 9f ab |........P....y..| 000000f0 c1 b6 86 0f 35 ed d4 9f dc f8 db bd ed 45 3a 68 |....5........E:h| 00000100 54 68 4a 1d d1 fc b8 c9 72 b4 d7 7b 60 e7 39 2f |ThJ.....r..{`.9/| 00000110 2a 0a 4e 52 72 52 c6 e2 2a 55 6a 2a e1 82 40 71 |*.NRrR..*Uj*..@q| 00000120 11 11 e0 53 d6 ff 1b a9 c6 65 df 1e b7 15 6f a2 |...S.....e....o.| 00000130 15 02 a4 6d 19 b7 78 57 a6 ee 9e 36 08 7d 6f 7c |...m..xW...6.}o|| 00000140 fd f7 7c d5 40 ff 0f c7 97 dc aa 00 ce 8b bb dc |..|.@...........| 00000150 e2 eb 1c 50 74 d8 14 cc 9a d6 5c a2 ab f2 67 f9 |...Pt.....\...g.| 00000160 58 ed 43 79 0e 78 7a 5c a6 f8 7b e8 05 4e 62 8a |X.Cy.xz\..{..Nb.| 00000170 0a 5f 22 ee a6 38 b9 e1 32 45 97 08 cc 75 66 c6 |._"..8..2E...uf.| 00000180 b3 a2 2d 89 a1 e9 95 21 28 53 fd dd be b1 b2 a2 |..-....!(S......| 00000190 78 3f a3 c9 3d e3 31 54 88 cf 78 0d e1 21 a8 74 |x?..=.1T..x..!.t| 000001a0 06 60 9d 21 c6 7a 24 e1 cc 28 f8 98 e0 99 e3 fc |.`.!.z$..(......| 000001b0 fa 8b eb d5 56 03 20 b8 54 ba c6 ee 9f 57 00 fe |....V. .T....W..| 000001c0 ff ff 82 fe ff ff 02 00 00 00 00 a8 5d 00 00 00 |............]...| 000001d0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 000001f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 00000200

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  • why is $0 set to -bash?

    - by James Shimer
    First login process name seems to be set to "-bash", but if I subshell then it becomes "bash". for example: root@nowere:~# echo $0 -bash root@nowere:~# bash root@nowere:~# echo $0 bash -bash is causing some scripts to fail, such as . /usr/share/debconf/confmodule exec /usr/share/debconf/frontend -bash Can't exec "-bash": No such file or directory at /usr/share/perl/5.14/IPC/Open3.pm line 186. open2: exec of -bash failed at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/ConfModule.pm line 59 Anyone know the reason $0 is set to -bash?

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  • Unable to set background image using python (2.7.3), bash and gnome3

    - by malon
    #!/usr/bin/env python import os bashCommand = "gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background picture-uri file:///home/malon/autowallpaperchanger/" + pic_name print bashCommand os.system(bashCommand) Print result: gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background picture-uri file:///home/malon/autowallpaperchanger/wallpaper-1252048.jpg Copying and pasting the print result into a terminal makes the change successfully, so the command is correct, but os.system isn't processing the request correctly for some reason. In the full script (posted below), I use os.system for a different reason immediately before (wget) and that works fine. Thank you! Full script: http://pastebin.com/R90GTmBZ

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