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  • Rails - Create if record doesn't exist or else update.....Whats Best way to do this?

    - by ChrisWesAllen
    Hi, I have a create statement for some models but its creating a record within a join table regardless if the record exist. Here is what my code looks like. @user = User.find(current_user) @event = Event.find(params[:id]) for interest in @event.interests @user.choices.create(:interest => interest, :score => 4) end The problem is it creates records no matter what. I would like it to create a record if it doesnt exist, if a record does exist I would just to it to take the attribute of the found record and add or subtract 1. So, I've been looking around and I see something called find_or_create_by. My question is what happens if it finds? Preferably if it finds,I would like to take the current :score attribute and +1. SO is it possible to find or create by id? I'm not sure what attribute I would find by since the model I'm looking at is a join model which only had id foreign keys and the score attribute. I tried @user.choices.find_or_create_by_user(:user => @user.id, :interest => interest, :score => 4) but got "undefined method `find_by_user'".....ANy ideas or help?

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  • The Cash or Credit problem

    - by Josh K
    If you go to a store and ask "Cash or Credit?" they might simply say "Yes." This doesn't tell you anything as you posed an OR statement. if(cash || credit) With humans it's possible that they might respond "Both" to that question, or "Only {cash | credit}." Is there a way (or operator) to force the a statement to return the TRUE portions of a statement? For example: boolean cash = true; boolean credit = true; boolean cheque = false; if(cash || credit || cheque ) { // In here you would have an array with cash and credit in it because both of those are true }

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  • switch vs. if...else if...else

    - by John Hartsock
    Guys I have a couple of questions: Is there a preformance difference in Javascript between a switch statement and an if...else if....else? If so why? Is the behavior of switch and if...else if...else different across browsers? (FireFox, IE, Chrome, Opera, Safari) The reason for asking this question is it seems that I get better preformance on a switch statement with approx 100 cases in Firefox. But in IE it get better preformance with 100 if...else if...else.

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  • EXPORT AS INSERT STATEMENTS: But in SQL Plus the line overrides 2500 characters!

    - by The chicken in the kitchen
    Hello, I have to export an Oracle table as INSERT STATEMENTS. But the INSERT STATEMENTS so generated, override 2500 characters. I am obliged to execute them in SQL Plus, so I receive an error message. This is my Oracle table: CREATE TABLE SAMPLE_TABLE ( C01 VARCHAR2 (5 BYTE) NOT NULL, C02 NUMBER (10) NOT NULL, C03 NUMBER (5) NOT NULL, C04 NUMBER (5) NOT NULL, C05 VARCHAR2 (20 BYTE) NOT NULL, c06 VARCHAR2 (200 BYTE) NOT NULL, c07 VARCHAR2 (200 BYTE) NOT NULL, c08 NUMBER (5) NOT NULL, c09 NUMBER (10) NOT NULL, c10 VARCHAR2 (80 BYTE), c11 VARCHAR2 (200 BYTE), c12 VARCHAR2 (200 BYTE), c13 VARCHAR2 (4000 BYTE), c14 VARCHAR2 (1 BYTE) DEFAULT 'N' NOT NULL, c15 CHAR (1 BYTE), c16 CHAR (1 BYTE) ); ASSUMPTIONS: a) I am OBLIGED to export table data as INSERT STATEMENTS; I am allowed to use UPDATE statements, in order to avoid the SQL*Plus error "sp2-0027 input is too long(2499 characters)"; b) I am OBLIGED to use SQL*Plus to execute the script so generated. c) Please assume that every record can contain special characters: CHR(10), CHR(13), and so on; d) I CAN'T use SQL Loader; e) I CAN'T export and then import the table: I can only add the "delta" using INSERT / UPDATE statements through SQL Plus.

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  • Scripting custom drawing in Delphi application with IF/THEN/ELSE statements?

    - by Jerry Dodge
    I'm building a Delphi application which displays a blueprint of a building, including doors, windows, wiring, lighting, outlets, switches, etc. I have implemented a very lightweight script of my own to call drawing commands to the canvas, which is loaded from a database. For example, one command is ELP 1110,1110,1290,1290,3,8388608 which draws an ellipse, parameters are 1110x1110 to 1290x1290 with pen width of 3 and the color 8388608 converted from an integer to a TColor. What I'm now doing is implementing objects with common drawing routines, and I'd like to use my scripting engine, but this calls for IF/THEN/ELSE statements and such. For example, when I'm drawing a light, if the light is turned on, I'd like to draw it yellow, but if it's off, I'd like to draw it gray. My current scripting engine has no recognition of such statements. It just accepts simple drawing commands which correspond with TCanvas methods. Here's the procedure I've developed (incomplete) for executing a drawing command on a canvas: function DrawCommand(const Cmd: String; var Canvas: TCanvas): Boolean; type TSingleArray = array of Single; var Br: TBrush; Pn: TPen; X: Integer; P: Integer; L: String; Inst: String; T: String; Nums: TSingleArray; begin Result:= False; Br:= Canvas.Brush; Pn:= Canvas.Pen; if Assigned(Canvas) then begin if Length(Cmd) > 5 then begin L:= UpperCase(Cmd); if Pos(' ', L)> 0 then begin Inst:= Copy(L, 1, Pos(' ', L) - 1); Delete(L, 1, Pos(' ', L)); L:= L + ','; SetLength(Nums, 0); X:= 0; while Pos(',', L) > 0 do begin P:= Pos(',', L); T:= Copy(L, 1, P - 1); Delete(L, 1, P); SetLength(Nums, X + 1); Nums[X]:= StrToFloatDef(T, 0); Inc(X); end; Br.Style:= bsClear; Pn.Style:= psSolid; Pn.Color:= clBlack; if Inst = 'LIN' then begin Pn.Width:= Trunc(Nums[4]); if Length(Nums) > 5 then begin Br.Style:= bsSolid; Br.Color:= Trunc(Nums[5]); end; Canvas.MoveTo(Trunc(Nums[0]), Trunc(Nums[1])); Canvas.LineTo(Trunc(Nums[2]), Trunc(Nums[3])); Result:= True; end else if Inst = 'ELP' then begin Pn.Width:= Trunc(Nums[4]); if Length(Nums) > 5 then begin Br.Style:= bsSolid; Br.Color:= Trunc(Nums[5]); end; Canvas.Ellipse(Trunc(Nums[0]),Trunc(Nums[1]),Trunc(Nums[2]),Trunc(Nums[3])); Result:= True; end else if Inst = 'ARC' then begin Pn.Width:= Trunc(Nums[8]); Canvas.Arc(Trunc(Nums[0]),Trunc(Nums[1]),Trunc(Nums[2]),Trunc(Nums[3]), Trunc(Nums[4]),Trunc(Nums[5]),Trunc(Nums[6]),Trunc(Nums[7])); Result:= True; end else if Inst = 'TXT' then begin Canvas.Font.Size:= Trunc(Nums[2]); Br.Style:= bsClear; Pn.Style:= psSolid; T:= Cmd; Delete(T, 1, Pos(' ', T)); Delete(T, 1, Pos(',', T)); Delete(T, 1, Pos(',', T)); Delete(T, 1, Pos(',', T)); Canvas.TextOut(Trunc(Nums[0]), Trunc(Nums[1]), T); Result:= True; end; end else begin //No space found, not a valid command end; end; end; end; What I'd like to know is what's a good lightweight third-party scripting engine I could use to accomplish this? I would hate to implement parsing of IF, THEN, ELSE, END, IFELSE, IFEND, and all those necessary commands. I need simply the ability to tell the scripting engine if certain properties meet certain conditions, it needs to draw the object a certain way. The light example above is only one scenario, but the same solution needs to also be applicable to other scenarios, such as a door being open or closed, locked or unlocked, and draw it a different way accordingly. This needs to be implemented in the object script drawing level. I can't hard-code any of these scripting/drawing rules, the drawing needs to be controlled based on the current state of the object, and I may also wish to draw a light a certain shade or darkness depending on how dimmed the light is.

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  • How should I refactor switch statements like this (Switching on type) to be more OO?

    - by Taytay
    I'm seeing some code like this in our code base, and want to refactor it: (Typescript psuedocode follows): class EntityManager{ private findEntityForServerObject(entityType:string, serverObject:any):IEntity { var existingEntity:IEntity = null; switch(entityType) { case Types.UserSetting: existingEntity = this.getUserSettingByUserIdAndSettingName(serverObject.user_id, serverObject.setting_name); break; case Types.Bar: existingEntity = this.getBarByUserIdAndId(serverObject.user_id, serverObject.id); break; //Lots more case statements here... } return existingEntity; } } The downsides of switching on type are self-explanatory. Normally, when switching behavior based on type, I try to push the behavior into subclasses so that I can reduce this to a single method call, and let polymorphism take care of the rest. However, the following two things are giving me pause: 1) I don't want to couple the serverObject with the class that is storing all of these objects. It doesn't know where to look for entities of a certain type. And unfortunately, the identity of a type of ServerObject varies with the type of ServerObject. (So sometimes it's just an ID, other times it's a combination of an id and a uniquely identifying string, etc). And this behavior doesn't belong down there on those subclasses. It is the responsibility of the EntityManager and its delegates. 2) In this case, I can't modify the ServerObject classes since they're plain old data objects. It should be mentioned that I've got other instances of the above method that take a parameter like "IEntity" and proceed to do almost the same thing (but slightly modify the name of the methods they're calling to get the identity of the entity). So, we might have: case Types.Bar: existingEntity = this.getBarByUserIdAndId(entity.getUserId(), entity.getId()); break; So in that case, I can change the entity interface and subclasses, but this isn't behavior that belongs in that class. So, I think that points me to some sort of map. So eventually I will call: private findEntityForServerObject(entityType:string, serverObject:any):IEntity { return aMapOfSomeSort[entityType].findByServerObject(serverObject); } private findEntityForEntity(someEntity:IEntity):IEntity { return aMapOfSomeSort[someEntity.entityType].findByEntity(someEntity); } Which means I need to register some sort of strategy classes/functions at runtime with this map. And again, I darn well better remember to register one for each my my types, or I'll get a runtime exception. Is there a better way to refactor this? I feel like I'm missing something really obvious here.

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  • can I see all SQL statements sent over an ODBC connection?

    - by Dave Cameron
    I'm working with a third-party application that uses ODBC to connect to, and alter, a database. During certain failure modes, the end-results are not what I expect. To understand it better, I'd like some way of inspecting all the statements sent to the database. Is there a way to do this with ODBC? I know with JDBC I could use http://www.p6spy.com/ to see all statements sent, for example when debugging hibernate. p6spy is a "proxy" driver that records commands sent and forwards them on to the real JDBC driver. Another possibility might be a protocol sniffer that would capture statements over the wire. Although, I'm unsure if ODBC includes a standard wire protocol, or only specifieds the API. Does anyone know of existing tools that would allow me to do either of these things? Alternatively, is there another approach I could take?

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  • How to leave out some statements while executing java code?

    - by iamrohitbanga
    In C++ if we do not want some statements to compile into code that ships like assert function calls, we control their compilation through #ifndef preprocessor directives. How do we do this in Java? I have some System.out.println() statements for debugging which I would like to remove for the final code. one way is to make them execute conditionally under the affect of a boolean variable. Is there a better way of doing this? As I have a java swing application I can turn off the System.out.println statements without affecting the output. What is the method of doing this?

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  • Is there a way to customise messages produced by statements in MS SQL Query Analyzer?

    - by Scott Leis
    If I run a simple query in SQL Query Analyzer, like: SELECT * FROM TableName the Messages pane always produces a message like: (30 row(s) affected) If I run a stored procedure with many statements, the messages are useless because there's no indication of what each one relates to. So firstly: Is there a way to customise the default messages on a per-query basis? E.g. I'd like a specific query to produce a message like: TableName query produced [numRowsAffected] results. replacing [numRowsAffected] with the number that would have appeared in the default message. Secondly, is there a way to suppress the default messages on a per-query basis? E.g. I have a local variable of type TABLE, used in several statements. I don't want any message to appear for statements where I'm just deleting data from that variable before re-using it. I'm seeking solutions that work in SQL Server 8.0.

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  • How to leave out some System.out/logging statements while executing java code?

    - by iamrohitbanga
    In C++ if we do not want some statements to compile into code that ships like assert function calls, we control their compilation through #ifndef preprocessor directives. How do we do this in Java? I have some System.out.println() statements for debugging which I would like to remove for the final code. one way is to make them execute conditionally under the affect of a boolean variable. Is there a better way of doing this? As I have a java swing application I can turn off the System.out.println statements without affecting the output. What is the method of doing this?

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  • After writing SQL statements in MySQL, how to measure the speed / performance of them?

    - by Jian Lin
    I saw something from an "execution plan" article: 10 rows fetched in 0.0003s (0.7344s) How come there are 2 durations shown? What if I don't have large data set yet. For example, if I have only 20, 50, or even just 100 records, I can't really measure how faster 2 different SQL statements compare in term of speed in real life situation? In other words, there needs to be at least hundreds of thousands of records, or even a million records to accurately compares the performance of 2 different SQL statements?

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  • How can I make VS2010 insert using statements in the order dictated by StyleCop rules.

    - by Hamish Grubijan
    The related default StyleCop rules are: Place using statements inside namespace. Sort using statements alphabetically. But ... System using come first (still trying to figure out if that means just using System; or using System[.*];). So, my use case: I find a bug and decide that I need to at least add an intelligible Assert to make debugging less painful for the next guy. So I start typing Debug.Assert( and intellisense marks it in Red. I hover mouse over Debug and between using System.Diagnostics; and System.Diagnostics.Debug I choose the former. This inserts using System.Diagnostics; after all other using statements. It would be nice if VS2010 did not assist me in writing code that won't build due to warnings as errors. How can I make VS2010 smarter? Is there some sort of setting, or does this require a full-fledged add-in of some sort?

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  • Should '#include' and 'using' statements be repeated in both header and implementation files (C++)?

    - by Dr. Monkey
    I'm fairly new to C++, but my understanding is that a #include statement will essentially just dump the contents of the #included file into the location of that statement. This means that if I have a number of '#include' and 'using' statements in my header file, my implementation file can just #include the header file, and the compiler won't mind if I don't repeat the other statements. What about people though? My main concern is that if I don't repeat the '#include', 'using', and also 'typedef' (now that I think of it) statements, it takes that information away from the file in which it's used, which could lead to confusion. I am just working on small projects at the moment where it won't really cause any issues, but I can imagine that in larger projects with more people working on them it could become a significant issue. An example follows: //Unit.h #include <string> #include <ostream> #include "StringSet.h" using std::string; using std::ostream; class Unit { public: //public members private: //private members //unrelated side-question: should private members //even be included in the header file? } ; //Unit.cpp #include "Unit.h" //The following are all redundant from a compiler perspective: #include <string> #include <ostream> #include "StringSet.h" using std::string; using std::ostream; //implementation goes here

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  • SQL SERVER – Implementing IF … THEN in SQL SERVER with CASE Statements

    - by Pinal Dave
    Here is the question I received the other day in email. “I have business logic in my .net code and we use lots of IF … ELSE logic in our code. I want to move the logic to Stored Procedure. How do I convert the logic of the IF…ELSE to T-SQL. Please help.” I have previously received this answer few times. As data grows the performance problems grows more as well. Here is the how you can convert the logic of IF…ELSE in to CASE statement of SQL Server. Here are few of the examples: Example 1: If you are logic is as following: IF -1 < 1 THEN ‘TRUE’ ELSE ‘FALSE’ You can just use CASE statement as follows: -- SQL Server 2008 and earlier version solution SELECT CASE WHEN -1 < 1 THEN 'TRUE' ELSE 'FALSE' END AS Result GO -- SQL Server 2012 solution SELECT IIF ( -1 < 1, 'TRUE', 'FALSE' ) AS Result; GO If you are interested further about how IIF of SQL Server 2012 works read the blog post which I have written earlier this year . Well, in our example the condition which we have used is pretty simple but in the real world the logic can very complex. Let us see two different methods of how we an do CASE statement when we have logic based on the column of the table. Example 2: If you are logic is as following: IF BusinessEntityID < 10 THEN FirstName ELSE IF BusinessEntityID > 10 THEN PersonType FROM Person.Person p You can convert the same in the T-SQL as follows: SELECT CASE WHEN BusinessEntityID < 10 THEN FirstName WHEN BusinessEntityID > 10 THEN PersonType END AS Col, BusinessEntityID, Title, PersonType FROM Person.Person p However, if your logic is based on multiple column and conditions are complicated, you can follow the example 3. Example 3: If you are logic is as following: IF BusinessEntityID < 10 THEN FirstName ELSE IF BusinessEntityID > 10 AND Title IS NOT NULL THEN PersonType ELSE IF Title = 'Mr.' THEN 'Mister' ELSE 'No Idea' FROM Person.Person p You can convert the same in the T-SQL as follows: SELECT CASE WHEN BusinessEntityID < 10 THEN FirstName WHEN BusinessEntityID > 10 AND Title IS NOT NULL THEN PersonType WHEN Title = 'Mr.' THEN 'Mister' ELSE 'No Idea' END AS Col, BusinessEntityID, Title, PersonType FROM Person.Person p I hope this solution is good enough to convert the IF…ELSE logic to CASE Statement in SQL Server. Let me know if you need further information about the same. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com)Filed under: PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Function, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL

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  • Is there a more intelligent way to do this besides a long chain of if statements or switch?

    - by Harrison Nguyen
    I'm implementing an IRC bot that receives a message and I'm checking that message to determine which functions to call. Is there a more clever way of doing this? It seems like it'd quickly get out of hand after I got up to like 20 commands. Perhaps there's a better way to abstract this? public void onMessage(String channel, String sender, String login, String hostname, String message){ if (message.equalsIgnoreCase(".np")){ // TODO: Use Last.fm API to find the now playing } else if (message.toLowerCase().startsWith(".register")) { cmd.registerLastNick(channel, sender, message); } else if (message.toLowerCase().startsWith("give us a countdown")) { cmd.countdown(channel, message); } else if (message.toLowerCase().startsWith("remember am routine")) { cmd.updateAmRoutine(channel, message, sender); } }

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  • how a pure functional programming language manage without assignment statements?

    - by Gnijuohz
    When reading the famous SICP,I found the authors seem rather reluctant to introduce the assignment statement to Scheme in Chapter 3.I read the text and kind of understand why they feel so. As Scheme is the first functional programming language I ever know something about,I am kind of surprised that there are some functional programming languages(not Scheme of course) can do without assignments. Let use the example the book offers,the bank account example.If there is no assignment statement,how can this be done?How to change the balance variable?I ask so because I know there are some so-called pure functional languages out there and according to the Turing complete theory,this must can be done too. I learned C,Java,Python and use assignments a lot in every program I wrote.So it's really an eye-opening experience.I really hope someone can briefly explain how assignments are avoided in those functional programming languages and what profound impact(if any) it has on these languages. The example mentioned above is here: (define (make-withdraw balance) (lambda (amount) (if (>= balance amount) (begin (set! balance (- balance amount)) balance) "Insufficient funds"))) This changed the balance by set!.To me it looks a lot like a class method to change the class member balance. As I said,I am not familiar with functional programming languages,so if I said something wrong about them,feel free to point out.

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  • Maintainability of Boolean logic - Is nesting if statements needed?

    - by Vaccano
    Which of these is better for maintainability? if (byteArrayVariable != null) if (byteArrayVariable .Length != 0) //Do something with byteArrayVariable OR if ((byteArrayVariable != null) && (byteArrayVariable.Length != 0)) //Do something with byteArrayVariable I prefer reading and writing the second, but I recall reading in code complete that doing things like that is bad for maintainability. This is because you are relying on the language to not evaluate the second part of the if if the first part is false and not all languages do that. (The second part will throw an exception if evaluated with a null byteArrayVariable.) I don't know if that is really something to worry about or not, and I would like general feedback on the question. Thanks.

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  • Should I use parentheses in logical statements even where not necessary?

    - by Jeff Bridgman
    Let's say I have a boolean condition a AND b OR c AND d and I'm using a language where AND has a higher order of operation precedent than OR. I could write this line of code: If (a AND b) OR (c AND d) Then ... But really, that's equivalent to: If a AND b OR c AND d Then ... Are there any arguments in for or against including the extraneous parentheses? Does practical experience suggest that it is worth including them for readability? Or is it a sign that a developer needs to really sit down and become confident in the basics of their language?

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  • Why don't languages use explicit fall-through on switch statements?

    - by zzzzBov
    I was reading Why do we have to use break in switch?, and it led me to wonder why implicit fall-through is allowed in some languages (such as PHP and JavaScript), while there is no support (AFAIK) for explicit fall-through. It's not like a new keyword would need to be created, as continue would be perfectly appropriate, and would solve any issues of ambiguity for whether the author meant for a case to fall through. The currently supported form is: switch (s) { case 1: ... break; case 2: ... //ambiguous, was break forgotten? case 3: ... break; default: ... break; } Whereas it would make sense for it to be written as: switch (s) { case 1: ... break; case 2: ... continue; //unambiguous, the author was explicit case 3: ... break; default: ... break; } For purposes of this question lets ignore the issue of whether or not fall-throughs are a good coding style. Are there any languages that exist that allow fall-through and have made it explicit? Are there any historical reasons that switch allows for implicit fall-through instead of explicit?

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