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• for line in open(filename)

  - by foosion

  I frequently see python code similar to for line in open(filename): do_something(line) When does filename get closed with this code? Would it be better to write with open(filename) as f: for line in f.readlines(): do_something(line)

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• Full GC real time is much more that user+sys times

  - by Stas

  Hi. We have a Web Java based application running on JBoss with allowed maximum heap size of about 1.2 GB (total machine physical memory is 2 GB). At some point the application stops responding (to clients) for several minutes. After some analysis we found out that the culprit is the Full GC. Here's an excerpt from the verbose GC log: 74477.402: [Full GC [PSYoungGen: 3648K-0K(332160K)] [PSOldGen: 778476K-589497K(819200K)] 782124K-589497K(1151360K) [PSPermGen: 102671K-102671K(171328K)], 646.1546860 secs] [Times: user=3.84 sys=3.72, real=646.17 secs] What I don't understand is how is it possible that the real time spent on Full GC is about 11 minutes (646 seconds), while user+sys times are just 7.5 seconds. 7.5 seconds sound to me much more logical time to spend for cleaning <200 MB from the old generation. Where does all the other time go? Thanks a lot.

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• What would happen to GC if I run process with priority = RealTime?

  - by Bobb

  I have a C# app which runs with priority RealTime. It was all fine until I made few hectic changes in past 2 days. Now it runs out of memory in few hours. I am trying to find whether it is a memory leak I created of this is because I consume lot more objects than before and GC simply cant collect them because it runs with same priority. My question is - what could happen to GC when it tries to collect objects in application with RealTime priority (there is also at least one thread running with Highest thread priority)? (P.S. by realtime priority I mean Process.GetCurrentProcess().PriorityClass = ProcessPriorityClass.RealTime) Sorry forgot to tell. GC is in Server mode

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• finding out memory allocation hotspots in java

  - by Zamir

  Our GC is working hard and we have some pauses that we want to decrease. We have some memory allocation issues that we want to solve before or while we are tweaking with the actual JVM GC args. I would like to know which objects are making the GC sweat: is there a way to know which objects are evacuated every time the GC is working? is there a way to know which objects are moved between areas every time the GC is working? Is there a way to know which objects are in Eden area? I am working extensively with Jprofiler and Memory Analyzer. I would like to get this information on a running application in my staging environment.

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• C# - What is root reference ?

  - by DotNetGuy

  class GCTest { static Object r1; static void Main() { r1 = new Object(); Object r2 = new Object(); Object r3 = new Object(); System.GC.Collect(); // what can be reclaimed here ? r1 = null; r3.ToString(); System.GC.Collect(); // what can be reclaimed here ? } } // code from - DonBox's Essential .Net

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• what can cause large discrepancy between minor GC time and total pause time?

  - by cxcg

  We have a latency-sensitive application, and are experiencing some GC-related pauses we don't fully understand. We occasionally have a minor GC that results in application pause times that are much longer than the reported GC time itself. Here is an example log snippet: 485377.257: [GC 485378.857: [ParNew: 105845K-621K(118016K), 0.0028070 secs] 136492K-31374K(1035520K), 0.0028720 secs] [Times: user=0.01 sys=0.00, real=1.61 secs] Total time for which application threads were stopped: 1.6032830 seconds The total pause time here is orders of magnitude longer than the reported GC time. These are isolated and occasional events: the immediately preceding and succeeding minor GC events do not show this large discrepancy. The process is running on a dedicated machine, with lots of free memory, 8 cores, running Red Hat Enterprise Linux ES Release 4 Update 8 with kernel 2.6.9-89.0.1EL-smp. We have observed this with (32 bit) JVM versions 1.6.0_13 and 1.6.0_18. We are running with these flags: -server -ea -Xms512m -Xmx512m -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC -XX:NewSize=128m -XX:MaxNewSize=128m -XX:+PrintGCDetails -XX:+PrintGCTimeStamps -XX:+PrintGCApplicationStoppedTime -XX:-TraceClassUnloading Can anybody offer some explanation as to what might be going on here, and/or some avenues for further investigation?

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• .NET object creation and generations

  - by nimoraca

  Is there a way to tell the .NET to allocate a new object in generation 2 heap. I have a problem where I need to allocate approximately 200 MB of objects, do something with them, and throw them away. What happens here is that all the data gets copied two times (from gen0 to gen1 and then from gen1 to gen2).

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• UseConcMarkSweepGC verbose gc output shows memory drops

  - by user1864747

  I have an application for which I have enabled GC logging. The heap appears to grow then takes a sudden drop, but does not log a Full GC. If there some startup parameter that I can enable that will show me what GC event is reducing the heap size? My environment: Linux 64-Bit, java 1.6.0_31, Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 20.6-b01, mixed mode) VM args: -server -Xms2560m -Xmx2560m -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC -XX:MaxPermSize=256m -XX:-PrintGC -XX: -PrintGCDetails -XX:-PrintGCTimeStamps -Xloggc:/xxxxx/gc.log -Dsun.rmi.dgc.client.gcInterval=86400000 -Dsun.rmi.dgc.server.gcInterval=86400000 3057.609: [GC 2397254K->2385777K(2619328K), 0.0572310 secs] 3058.898: [GC 2402801K->2391301K(2619328K), 0.0566620 secs] 3059.940: [GC 2408325K->2397156K(2619328K), 0.0534080 secs] 3059.995: [GC 2397265K(2619328K), 0.0069950 secs] 3065.635: [GC 2414180K->2404934K(2619328K), 0.0732700 secs] 3065.849: [GC 2419994K(2619328K), 0.1150630 secs] 3070.248: [GC 1593931K->1591825K(2619328K), 0.1084230 secs] 3072.440: [GC 1608552K->1606431K(2619328K), 0.0533140 secs] 3087.759: [GC 1623455K->1614544K(2619328K), 0.0215850 secs] What event is causing the heap to shrink between the output at 3065.849 and 3070.248? Is there a VM param that will log it? I tried adding -verbose:gc but that does not change the output.

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• If you stick to standard coding in .NET, is there reason to manually invoke the GC or run finalizers

  - by Matt

  If you stick to managed code and standard coding (nothing that does unconventional things withe CLR) in .NET, is there any reason to manually invoke the GC or request to run finalizers on unreferenced objects? The reason I ask is thaty I have an app that grows huge in Working Memory set. I'm wondering if calling System.GC.Collect(); and System.GC.RunFinalizers(); would help, and if it would force anything that wouldn't be done by the CLR normally anyways.

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• Freeing Java memory at a specific point in time

  - by Marcus

  Given this code, where we load a lot of data, write it to a file, and then run an exe.. void myMethod() { Map stuff = createMap(); //Consumes 250 MB memory File file = createFileInput(stuff); //Create input for exe runExectuable(file); //Run Windows exe } What is the best way to release the memory consumed by stuff prior to running the exe? We don't need this in memory any more as we have dumped the data to a file for input to the exe... Is the best method to just set stuff = null prior to runExecutable(file)?

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• C# What would happen to GC if I run process with priority = RealTime?

  - by Bobb

  I have a C# app which runs with priority RealTime. It was all fine until I made few hectic changes in past 2 days. Now it runs out of memory in few hours. I am trying to find whether it is a memory leak I created of this is because I consume lot more objects than before and GC simply cant collect them because it runs with same priority. My question is - what could happen to GC when it tries to collect objects in application with RealTime priority (there is also at least one thread running with Highest thread priority)? (P.S. by realtime priority I mean Process.GetCurrentProcess().PriorityClass = ProcessPriorityClass.RealTime)

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• What is root reference ?

  - by DotNetGuy

  class GCTest { static Object r1; static void Main() { r1 = new Object(); Object r2 = new Object(); Object r3 = new Object(); System.GC.Collect(); // what can be reclaimed here ? r1 = null; r3.ToString(); System.GC.Collect(); // what can be reclaimed here ? } } // code from - DonBox's Essential .Net

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• Java GC: top object classes promoted (by size)?

  - by Java Geek

  Hello! Please let me know what is the best way to determine composition of young generation memory promoted to old generation, after each young GC event? Ideally I would like to know class names which are responsible say, for 80% of heap in each "young gen - old gen" promotion chunk; Example: I have 600M young gen, each tenure promotes 6M; I want to know which objects compose this 6M. Thank you.

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• Does anyone know of a good guide to configure GC in Java?

  - by evilpenguin

  I'm having trouble with a JVM running an app, whose heap memory looks like a comb. It's constantly jumping from 1.5 GB to 3 GB and slowly deteriorating to higher values. I'm using G1 GC algorithm, but have no idea how to configure it. I do not have access to the code of the app I'm running and, needless to say, it's a rather large app. So, bottom line, does anyone know of a good guide to configure GC in Java?

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• How to "pin" C++/CLI pointers

  - by Kumar

  I am wrapping up a class which reading a custom binary data file and makes the data available to a .net/c# class However a couple of lines down the code, i start getting the memory access violation error which i believe is due to the GC moving memory around, the class is managed Here's the code if ( ! reader.OpenFile(...) ) return ; foreach(string fieldName in fields) { int colIndex = reader.GetColIndex( fieldName ); int colType = reader.GetColType( colIndex ); // error is raised here on 2nd iteration } for ( int r = 0 ; r < reader.NumFields(); r++ ) { foreach(string fieldName in fields) { int colIndex = reader.GetColIndex( fieldName ); int colType = reader.GetColType( colIndex ); // error is raised here on 2nd iteration switch ( colType ) { case 0 : // INT processField( r, fieldName, reader.GetInt(r,colIndex) ); break ; .... } } } .... i've looked at interior_ptr, pin_ptr but they give an error c3160 cannot be in a managed class Any workaround ? BTW, this is my 1st C++ program in a very long time !

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• Starting a C++ project. Should I worry about freeing dynamic allocated memory?

  - by Luca Matteis

  I am pretty proficient with C, and freeing memory in C is a must. However, I'm starting a new C++ project, and I've heard some things about how you don't need to free memory using shared pointers and other things. Where should I read about this? Is this a valuable replacement for proper delete C++ functionality? How does it work?

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• How to detect .NET WPF memory leak or GC long run?

  - by Néstor Sánchez A.

  I have the next very strange situation and problem: .NET 4.0 application for diagram editing (WPF). Runs ok in my PC: 8GM RAM, 3.0GHz, i7 quad-core. While creating objects (mostly diagram nodes and connectors, plus all the undo/redo information) the TaskManager show, as expected, some memory usage "jumps" (up and down). These mem-usage "jumps" also remains executing AFTER user interaction ended. Maybe this is the GC cleaning/regorganizing memory? To see what is going on, I've used the Ants mem profiler, but somewhat it prevents those "jumps" to happen after user interaction. PROBLEM: It Freezes/Hangs after seconds or minutes of usage in some slow/weak laptos/netbooks of my beta testers (under 2GHz of speed and under 2GB of RAM). I was thinking of a memory leak, but... EDIT: Also, there is the case that the memory usage grows and grows until collapse (only in slow machines). In a Windows XP Mode machine (VM in Win 7) with only 512MB of RAM Assigned it works fine without mem-usage "jumps" after user interaction (no GC cleaning?!). So, I really have a big trouble because I cannot reproduce the error, only see these strange behaviour (mem jumps), and the tool supposed to show me what is happening is hiding the problem (like the "observer's paradox"). Any ideas on what's happening and how to solve it?

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• Peculiar JRE behaviour running RMI server under load, should I worry?

  - by darri

  I've been developing a minimalistic Java rich client CRUD application framework for the past few years, mostly as a hobby but also actively using it to write applications for my current employer. The framework provides database access to clients either via a local JDBC based connection or a lightweight RMI server. Last night I started a load testing application, which ran 100 headless clients, bombarding the server with requests, each client waiting only 1 - 2 seconds between running simple use cases, consisting of selecting records along with associated detail records from a simple e-store database (Chinook). This morning when I looked at the telemetry results from the server profiling session I noticed something which to me seemed strange (and made me keep the setup running for the remainder of the day), I don't really know what conclusions to draw from it. Here are the results: Memory GC activity Threads CPU load Interesting, right? So the question is, is this normal or erratic? Is this simply the JRE (1.6.0_03 on Windows XP) doing it's thing (perhaps related to the JRE configuration) or is my framework design somehow causing this? Running the server against MySQL as opposed to an embedded H2 database does not affect the pattern. I am leaving out the details of my server design, but I'll be happy to elaborate if this behaviour is deemed erratic.

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• Adding Timestamp to Java's GC messages in Tomcat 6

  - by ripper234

  I turned on Java's GC log options -XX:+PrintGC -XX:+PrintGCTimeStamps -XX:+PrintGCDetails Which print out these messages to standard output (catalina.out): 314.884: [CMS-concurrent-mark-start] 315.014: [CMS-concurrent-mark: 0.129/0.129 secs] [Times: user=0.14 sys=0.00, real=0.13 secs] 315.014: [CMS-concurrent-preclean-start] 315.016: [CMS-concurrent-preclean: 0.003/0.003 secs] [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.00, real=0.00 secs] 315.016: [CMS-concurrent-abortable-preclean-start] 332.055: [GC 332.055: [ParNew: 17128K->84K(19136K), 0.0017700 secs] 88000K->70956K(522176K) icms_dc=4 , 0.0018660 secs] [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.00, real=0.00 secs] CMS: abort preclean due to time 352.253: [CMS-concurrent-abortable-preclean: 0.023/37.237 secs] [Times: user=0.78 sys=0.02, real=37.23 secs] How can I make these log lines appear with an actual timestamp (including date) instead of these numbers, which presumably mean "time since JVM started" ?

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• java -> System.gc(); Does this call opens a new Thread or not?

  - by ogzylz

  For example I such a code ... get some memory and lose all the pointers to that memory so that System.gc(); can collect it. call System.gc(); do some other tasks; Here does the "do some other tasks;" and "System.gc();" works in paralel or does the "do some other tasks;" waits for "System.gc();" to be executed Thank you

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• Tie destruction of an object (sealed) to destruction of an unmanaged buffer

  - by testtestSO

  I'll explain my situation first: I'm interested of using the Bitmap constructor that takes scan0, stride and format, because I'm decoding tiled images and I'd like to choose my own stride so I can decode the tiles without caring about the bounds in the decoder part. Anyway, the problem is that the documentation says: The caller is responsible for allocating and freeing the block of memory specified by the scan0 parameter. However, the memory should not be released until the related Bitmap is released. I can't release the buffer easily, because the Bitmap is then passed to another class that will eventually destroy it and I don't have control over it. Is there some way (hacky, I know) to tell the GC to also release my buffer when the Bitmap is destroyed? (Also, any alternative solution is welcome).

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• What GC parameters is a JVM running with?

  - by skaffman

  I'm still investigating issues I have with GC tuning (see prior question), which involves lots of reading and experimentation. Sun Java5+ JVMs attempt to automatically select the optimal GC strategy and parameters based on their environment, which is great, but I can't figure out how to query the running JVM to find out what those parameters are. Ideally, I'd like to see what values of the various GC-related -XX options are being used, as selected automatically by the VM. If I had that, I could have a baseline to begin tweaking. Anyone know to recover these values from a running VM?

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• I want to make my own Malloc

  - by Unknown

  I want to make my own malloc/free so I can make a precise copying allocator. Any gurus have any tips and suggestions? I have a few questions for now: Should I just malloc large chunks of memory, and then distribute from that so I don't have to call the system calls? How are copying collectors usually done? I would imagine that this part is a bit complicated to do efficiently. My naive implementation would just malloc a block the size of the remaining objects which would require 2x the space.

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• What is the garbage text that is being printed by wvdial in terminal?

  - by Hrishi

  When I dial using wvdial, sometimes it prints some garbage text into the terminal. This is not happening every time, but in the garbage text I can see some readable strings which is often irc logs(from xchat) or GET requests from the browser. One of my friend told me that this is probably something it's reading from /dev/random for Random entropy, but I couldn't find any supporting information. What is this text, and why is it being printed to the terminal? See the below picture for an example:

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• Tab Sweep - State of Java EE, Dynamic JPA, Java EE performance, Garbage Collection, ...

  - by alexismp

  Recent Tips and News on Java EE 6 & GlassFish: • Java EE: The state of the environment (SDTimes) • Extend your Persistence Unit on the fly (EclipseLink blog) • Glassfish 3.1 - AccessLog Format (Ralph) • Java Enterprise Performance - Unburdended Applications (Lucas) • Java Garbage Collection and Heap Analysis (John) • Qu’attendez-vous de JMS 2.0? (Julien) • Dynamically registering WebFilter with Java EE 6 (Markus)

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