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  • Propor usage of double and single quotes?

    - by Phox
    I'm talking about the performance increase here. From all I know you can echo variables in double quotes ("), like so: <?php echo "You are $yourAge years old"; ?> But single quotes will just return You are $yourAge years old. But what about performance differences? I've always gone by the rule that single quotes are faster because the PHP interpreter doesn't have to search through the string for variables. But I'm seeing more and more blog and forum posts on the web saying differently. Does anyone actually have any information on this subject? Perhaps benchmark tests or something? Cheers.

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  • How can I speed up line by line reading of an ASCII file? (C++)

    - by Jon
    Here's a bit of code that is a considerable bottleneck after doing some measuring: //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Construct dictionary hash set from dictionary file //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- void constructDictionary(unordered_set<string> &dict) { ifstream wordListFile; wordListFile.open("dictionary.txt"); string word; while( wordListFile >> word ) { if( !word.empty() ) { dict.insert(word); } } wordListFile.close(); } I'm reading in ~200,000 words and this takes about 240 ms on my machine. Is the use of ifstream here efficient? Can I do better? I'm reading about mmap() implementations but I'm not understanding them 100%. The input file is simply text strings with *nix line terminations.

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  • Proper usage of double and single quotes?

    - by Phox
    I'm talking about the performance increase here. From all I know you can echo variables in double quotes ("), like so: <?php echo "You are $yourAge years old"; ?> But single quotes will just return You are $yourAge years old. But what about performance differences? I've always gone by the rule that single quotes are faster because the PHP interpreter doesn't have to search through the string for variables. But I'm seeing more and more blog and forum posts on the web saying differently. Does anyone actually have any information on this subject? Perhaps benchmark tests or something?

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  • Can VBScript determine the most recently modified (or added) file in a particular folder?

    - by Jimminy
    Hello, I have a script (or more accurately WILL have a script) that checks a folder and copies a file from this folder to a different location (will run once per day). The fileName that I'd like to copy from, however, changes based on the date. Basically, instead of setting the "strFilePath" to "C:\somePath\somePath2\myFile.txt" I would like to simply take the most recently modified (or added - does this make a difference in terms of the script??) in the "somePath2" folder and copy it to the destination. Bonus (but not completely necessary) would be to check in the script if the file was modified/added in the last 24 hours and only copy it over in that case. Thanks for your help!

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  • What is a good way of coding a file processing program, which accepts multisource data in Java

    - by jjepsuomi
    I'm making a data prosessing system, which currently is using csv-data as input and output form. In the future I might want to add support for example database-, xml-, etc. typed input and output forms. How should I desing my program so that it would be easy to add support for new type of data sources? Should simply make for example an abstract data class (which would contain the basic file prosessing methods) and then inherit this class for database, xml, etc. cases? Hope my question is clear =) In other words my question is: "How to desing a file prosessing system, which can be easily updated to accept input data from different sources (database, XML, Excel, etc.)".

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  • Forcing an app to run single core only?

    - by Kevin
    I have this strange issue with some third party DLL's. The third party provider references some open source DLL's that have a memory exception whenever I try to use a certain method. This issue does not appear when the app is run on a single core machine, but obviously we cannot assume a user will have that. Is there a way to force an app, or even better yet a referenced DLL to run on a single core? Any other way to possibly fix this? Getting the third party to rebuild the OS dll's is apparently out of the question (its a bit of a sore spot with me currently :) ) so I have to handle it myself or just forget about providing this functionality.

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  • Using modified date of file for comparison. Is it safe?

    - by papadi
    I want to make a procedure that does one way syncrhonization of a folder between a server and a client. I was thinking to use ModifiedDate as a criterio, provided that only the date of the server files will be used. Procedure will not use Modified dates of files on the client at all. It will read dates from the server and compare them with dates read from the server last time the procedure run. Do you think this is safe? Is there any possibility that Modified Date will not be changed when a file is edited or it will be changed without touching the contents of the file (eg. from some strange antivirus programs)?

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  • i get error when i try to upload a file?

    - by getaway
    I keep getting an error:Notice: Undefined index: on line 35 line 35: $handle = new Upload($_FILES['my_field']); this is my input field <input type="file" size="32" name="my_field" value="" /> I do not understand this error, thanks!!! EDIT: <form name="upload" id="upload" enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post" action="actions/upload.php" /> <p><input type="file" size="32" name="my_field" value="" /></p> <p class="button"><input type="hidden" name="action" value="image" /> <br> <input style="margin-left:224px;" type="submit" name="submit" value="upload" />

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  • Get single Wordpress gallery image with given title

    - by Wickethewok
    I am having users of a Wordpress blog upload a single image to different post's galleries with the name "banner". Basically, every post will have an image named "banner" uploaded to its gallery and this image needs to be displayed on the post's page outside of the article content. So, how can I get the URL to display an image in a post's single.php template? Can I iterate through the images of a given post's gallery and find the one with the correct title somehow? I've searched through the Wordpress codex docs and haven't found anything on a way to do this, just information on displaying galleries of photos. Note that I'm already using Wordpress's post thumbnail feature for something else. Thanks!

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  • How can you check if a file exists before including/importing it in JSP?

    - by codeninja
    Assuming that requestScope.importMe is expecting a path to a jsp file <c:choose> <c:when test="${!empty requestScope.importMe && fileExists(requestScope.importMe) }"> <c:import url="${requestScope.importMe}" /> ... How can I check if the file exists before trying to include it so that an error is not thrown? I'd like to avoid using inline Java. Something using one of the JSTL tags is the preferred approach.

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  • Spring MVC managing multiple views with single controller

    - by Sudhir
    I am trying to implement order management module. There are different order types (approximately about 15). Each order has a seperate view. But the actions performed on UI are same irrespective of order type. Below is the structure of my DTO abstract class Order abstract class SecurityOrder extends Order abstract class TermDepositOrder extends Order ..... ..... ..... I am trying to implement a single controller capable of managing all views. Something similar to the one below: @Controller public class OrderController<F extends Order> { public F validate(F order) { } public F insert(F order) { } } I am not sure how spring mvc would be able to map request parameters properly to the order instance as it doesn't know which order instance to populate. Is it possible to achieve this with single controller or should I go with a controller for each order type and duplicate same code across all controllers?

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  • List in C# - passing multiple entries as a single object

    - by Karthick
    Hi, I have a method (C#) public void MethodName(List<Order> Order, int ID) I need to pass this to a main page, in which i know to pass integer value to ID, am not able to pass multiple items in a single list. The List order should have two number entries, (ie. Order.number1 and Order.number2) How should i pass a single list as a parameter to this method containing multiple entries of number1 and 2, so that i can loop thro' and find it. Thanks.

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  • Reading bmp file for steganography

    - by Shantanu Gupta
    I am trying to read a bmp file in C++(Turbo). But i m not able to print binary stream. I want to encode txt file into it and decrypt it. How can i do this. I read that bmp file header is of 54 byte. But how and where should i append txt file in bmp file. ? I know only Turbo C++, so it would be helpfull for me if u provide solution or suggestion related to topic for the same. int main() { ifstream fr; //reads ofstream fw; // wrrites to file char c; int random; clrscr(); char file[2][100]={"s.bmp","s.txt"}; fr.open(file[0],ios::binary);//file name, mode of open, here input mode i.e. read only if(!fr) cout<<"File can not be opened."; fw.open(file[1],ios::app);//file will be appended if(!fw) cout<<"File can not be opened"; while(!fr) cout<<fr.get(); // error should be here. but not able to find out what error is it fr.close(); fw.close(); getch(); } This code is running fine when i pass txt file in binary mode

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  • Data from 6 ArrayLists into a single JTable - Java Swing

    - by Splunk
    I have created a JTable which is populated by various arraylists which get their data from a text list using a "~" to split. The issue I am having is that the table is displaying all data from the list on a single row. For example: Column1 Column2 Column2 Column2 Column3 Column4 1,2,3,4,5 1,2,3,4,5 1,2,3,4,5 1,2,3,4,5 1,2,3,4,5 1,2,3,4,5 When I want it to display Column1 Column2 Column2 Column2 Column3 Column4 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 You get the idea. From previous advice, I think the issue may be looping, but I am not sure. Any advice would be great. The code is below: private void table(){ String[] colName = { "Course", "Examiner", "Moderator", "Semester Available ", "Associated Programs", "Associated Majors"}; DefaultTableModel model = new DefaultTableModel(colName,0); for(Object item : courseList){ Object[] row = new Object[6]; // String[] row = new String[6]; row[0] = fileManage.getCourseList(); row[1] = fileManage.getNameList(); row[2] = fileManage.getModeratorList(); row[3] = fileManage.getSemesterList(); row[4] = fileManage.getProgramList(); row[5] = fileManage.getMajorList(); model.addRow(row); textArea = new JTable(model); } This is the class that has the arraylists: import java.io.File; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Collections; import java.util.HashSet; import java.util.Scanner; public class FileIOManagement { private ArrayList<String> nameList = new ArrayList<String>(); private ArrayList<String> courseList = new ArrayList<String>(); private ArrayList<String> semesterList = new ArrayList<String>(); private ArrayList<String> moderatorList = new ArrayList<String>(); private ArrayList<String> programList = new ArrayList<String>(); private ArrayList<String> majorList = new ArrayList<String>(); public ArrayList<String> getNameList(){ return this.nameList; } public ArrayList<String> getCourseList(){ return this.courseList; } public ArrayList<String> getSemesterList(){ return this.semesterList; } public ArrayList<String> getModeratorList(){ return this.moderatorList; } public ArrayList<String> getProgramList(){ return this.programList; } public ArrayList<String> getMajorList(){ return this.majorList; } public void setNameList(ArrayList<String> nameList){ this.nameList = nameList; } public void setCourseList(ArrayList<String> courseList){ this.courseList = courseList; } public void setSemesterList(ArrayList<String> semesterList){ this.semesterList = semesterList; } public void setModeratorList(ArrayList<String> moderatorList){ this.moderatorList = moderatorList; } public void setProgramList(ArrayList<String> programList){ this.programList = programList; } public void setMajorList(ArrayList<String> majorList){ this.majorList = majorList; } public FileIOManagement(){ setNameList(new ArrayList<String>()); setCourseList(new ArrayList<String>()); setSemesterList(new ArrayList<String>()); setModeratorList(new ArrayList<String>()); setProgramList(new ArrayList<String>()); setMajorList(new ArrayList<String>()); readTextFile(); getNameList(); getCourseList(); } private void readTextFile(){ try{ Scanner scan = new Scanner(new File("Course.txt")); while(scan.hasNextLine()){ String line = scan.nextLine(); String[] tokens = line.split("~"); String course = tokens[0].trim(); String examiner = tokens[1].trim(); String moderator = tokens[2].trim(); String semester = tokens[3].trim(); String program = tokens[4].trim(); String major = tokens[5].trim(); courseList.add(course); semesterList.add(semester); nameList.add(examiner); moderatorList.add(moderator); programList.add(program); majorList.add(major); HashSet hs = new HashSet(); hs.addAll(nameList); nameList.clear(); nameList.addAll(hs); Collections.sort(nameList); } scan.close(); } catch (FileNotFoundException e){ e.printStackTrace(); } } } This is the class where I need to have the JTable: import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.*; import java.io.*; import javax.swing.border.EmptyBorder; import java.awt.event.ActionEvent; import java.awt.event.ActionListener; import java.util.ArrayList; import javax.swing.table.DefaultTableModel; public class AllDataGUI extends JFrame{ private JButton saveCloseBtn = new JButton("Save Changes and Close"); private JButton closeButton = new JButton("Exit Without Saving"); private JFrame frame=new JFrame("Viewing All Program Details"); private final FileIOManagement fileManage = new FileIOManagement(); private ArrayList<String> nameList = new ArrayList(); private ArrayList<String> courseList = new ArrayList(); private ArrayList<String> semesterList = new ArrayList(); private ArrayList<String> moderatorList = new ArrayList(); private ArrayList<String> majorList = new ArrayList(); private ArrayList<String> programList = new ArrayList(); private JTable textArea; public ArrayList<String> getNameList(){ return this.nameList; } public ArrayList<String> getCourseList(){ return this.courseList; } public ArrayList<String> getSemesterList(){ return this.semesterList; } public ArrayList<String> getModeratorList(){ return this.moderatorList; } public ArrayList<String> getProgramList(){ return this.programList; } public ArrayList<String> getMajorList(){ return this.majorList; } public void setNameList(ArrayList<String> nameList){ this.nameList = nameList; } public void setCourseList(ArrayList<String> courseList){ this.courseList = courseList; } public void setSemesterList(ArrayList<String> semesterList){ this.semesterList = semesterList; } public void setModeratorList(ArrayList<String> moderatorList){ this.moderatorList = moderatorList; } public void setProgramList(ArrayList<String> programList){ this.programList = programList; } public void setMajorList(ArrayList<String> majorList){ this.majorList = majorList; } public AllDataGUI(){ getData(); table(); panels(); } public Object getValueAt(int rowIndex, int columnIndex) { String[] token = nameList.get(rowIndex).split(","); return token[columnIndex]; } private void table(){ String[] colName = { "Course", "Examiner", "Moderator", "Semester Available ", "Associated Programs", "Associated Majors"}; DefaultTableModel model = new DefaultTableModel(colName,0); for(Object item : courseList){ Object[] row = new Object[6]; // String[] row = new String[6]; row[0] = fileManage.getCourseList(); row[1] = fileManage.getNameList(); row[2] = fileManage.getModeratorList(); row[3] = fileManage.getSemesterList(); row[4] = fileManage.getProgramList(); row[5] = fileManage.getMajorList(); model.addRow(row); textArea = new JTable(model); // String END_OF_LINE = ","; // // String[] colName = { "Course", "Examiner", "Moderator", "Semester Available ", "Associated Programs", "Associated Majors"}; //// textArea.getTableHeader().setBackground(Color.WHITE); //// textArea.getTableHeader().setForeground(Color.BLUE); // // Font Tablefont = new Font("Details", Font.BOLD, 12); // // textArea.getTableHeader().setFont(Tablefont); // Object[][] object = new Object[100][100]; // int i = 0; // if (fileManage.size() != 0) { // for (fileManage book : fileManage) { // object[i][0] = fileManage.getCourseList(); // object[i][1] = fileManage.getNameList(); // object[i][2] = fileManage.getModeratorList(); // object[i][3] = fileManage.getSemesterList(); // object[i][4] = fileManage.getProgramList(); // object[i][5] = fileManage.getMajorList(); // // textArea = new JTable(object, colName); // } // } } } public void getData(){ nameList = fileManage.getNameList(); courseList = fileManage.getCourseList(); semesterList = fileManage.getSemesterList(); moderatorList = fileManage.getModeratorList(); majorList = fileManage.getMajorList(); programList = fileManage.getProgramList(); // textArea.(write()); } private JButton getCloseButton(){ return closeButton; } private void panels(){ JPanel panel = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1,1)); panel.setBorder(new EmptyBorder(5, 5, 5, 5)); JPanel rightPanel = new JPanel(new GridLayout(15,0,10,10)); rightPanel.setBorder(new EmptyBorder(15, 5, 5, 10)); JScrollPane scrollBarForTextArea=new JScrollPane(textArea,JScrollPane.VERTICAL_SCROLLBAR_AS_NEEDED,JScrollPane.HORIZONTAL_SCROLLBAR_AS_NEEDED); panel.add(scrollBarForTextArea); frame.add(panel); frame.getContentPane().add(rightPanel,BorderLayout.EAST); rightPanel.add(saveCloseBtn); rightPanel.add(closeButton); closeButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { frame.dispose(); } }); saveCloseBtn.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { //saveBtn(); frame.dispose(); } }); frame.setSize(1000, 700); frame.setVisible(true); frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null); } // private void saveBtn(){ // File file = null; // FileWriter out=null; // try { // file = new File("Course.txt"); // out = new FileWriter(file); // out.write(textArea.getText()); // out.close(); // } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { // e.printStackTrace(); // } catch (IOException e) { // e.printStackTrace(); // } // JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, "File Successfully Updated"); // // } }

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  • Single log file for multiple webapps

    - by Ashish Aggarwal
    In my tomcat there are multiple webapps deployed and they communicate with each other. Currently they all have their own log file. But when there is some issue comes from call I have to 1st check with the app to whom I made a call and check log file of respective apps involved in the call. So I want that, as all apps is deployed in same tomcat and sharing a common log4j, if a call made to any app then all logs should be in a single log file and no matters how my webapps are involved all error comes from any webapp during the call should be in a single log file. I have no idea how can I achieve this. So any help is appreciable. Edited: I think my question is not cleared so updated with use case: I have three webapps A, B, C having logs files as A.log, B.log and C.log. I made two calls. 1st one to A (that internally calls C) and 2nd to B (that internally calls C). Now logging of first call must be in A.log (with the logs of every step performed inside the webapp c) and second call must be in B.log (with the logs of every step performed inside the webapp c).

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  • VS2010 and CSS: What is the best way to position a single form control

    - by George
    OK, I have a ton of controls on my page that I need to individually place. I need to set a margin here, a padding there, etc. None of these particular styles that I want to apply will be applied to more than control. What is the bets practice for determining at which level the style is placed, etc? OK, my choices are 1) External CSS file 1A) Using ClientIdMode = Auto (the default) I could assign a unique CssClass value to the ASP.NET control and, in the external CSS file, create a class selector that would only be applied to that one control. 1B) User Client ID = Predicatable In the external CSS file, I could determine what the ID will be for the controls of interest and create an ID selector (#ControlID{Style} ). However, I fear maintenance issues due to including/removing parent containers that would cause the ID to change. 1C) User Client ID = Static. I could choose static IDs for the controls such that I minimize the likelihood of a clash with auto generated IDs (perhaps by prefixing the ID with "StaticID_" and use an external stylesheet with ID selectors. 2) I could place the style right on the control. The only disadvantage here, as I see it, is that style info is brought down each time instead of being cached , which is what I'd get using an external CSS. If a style isn't resused, I personally don't see much benefit to placing it in an external file, though please explain why if you disagree. Is there moire of a reason that "It's nice to have all the CSS in one place?"

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  • An easy way to create Side by Side registrationless COM Manifests with Visual Studio

    - by Rick Strahl
    Here's something I didn't find out until today: You can use Visual Studio to easily create registrationless COM manifest files for you with just a couple of small steps. Registrationless COM lets you use COM component without them being registered in the registry. This means it's possible to deploy COM components along with another application using plain xcopy semantics. To be sure it's rarely quite that easy - you need to watch out for dependencies - but if you know you have COM components that are light weight and have no or known dependencies it's easy to get everything into a single folder and off you go. Registrationless COM works via manifest files which carry the same name as the executable plus a .manifest extension (ie. yourapp.exe.manifest) I'm going to use a Visual FoxPro COM object as an example and create a simple Windows Forms app that calls the component - without that component being registered. Let's take a walk down memory lane… Create a COM Component I start by creating a FoxPro COM component because that's what I know and am working with here in my legacy environment. You can use VB classic or C++ ATL object if that's more to your liking. Here's a real simple Fox one: DEFINE CLASS SimpleServer as Session OLEPUBLIC FUNCTION HelloWorld(lcName) RETURN "Hello " + lcName ENDDEFINE Compile it into a DLL COM component with: BUILD MTDLL simpleserver FROM simpleserver RECOMPILE And to make sure it works test it quickly from Visual FoxPro: server = CREATEOBJECT("simpleServer.simpleserver") MESSAGEBOX( server.HelloWorld("Rick") ) Using Visual Studio to create a Manifest File for a COM Component Next open Visual Studio and create a new executable project - a Console App or WinForms or WPF application will all do. Go to the References Node Select Add Reference Use the Browse tab and find your compiled DLL to import  Next you'll see your assembly in the project. Right click on the reference and select Properties Click on the Isolated DropDown and select True Compile and that's all there's to it. Visual Studio will create a App.exe.manifest file right alongside your application's EXE. The manifest file created looks like this: xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"? assembly xsi:schemaLocation="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1 assembly.adaptive.xsd" manifestVersion="1.0" xmlns:asmv1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1" xmlns:asmv2="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v2" xmlns:asmv3="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v3" xmlns:dsig="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#" xmlns:co.v1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:clickonce.v1" xmlns:co.v2="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:clickonce.v2" xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" assemblyIdentity name="App.exe" version="1.0.0.0" processorArchitecture="x86" type="win32" / file name="simpleserver.DLL" asmv2:size="27293" hash xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v2" dsig:Transforms dsig:Transform Algorithm="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:HashTransforms.Identity" / dsig:Transforms dsig:DigestMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#sha1" / dsig:DigestValuepuq+ua20bbidGOWhPOxfquztBCU=dsig:DigestValue hash typelib tlbid="{f10346e2-c9d9-47f7-81d1-74059cc15c3c}" version="1.0" helpdir="" resourceid="0" flags="HASDISKIMAGE" / comClass clsid="{af2c2811-0657-4264-a1f5-06d033a969ff}" threadingModel="Apartment" tlbid="{f10346e2-c9d9-47f7-81d1-74059cc15c3c}" progid="simpleserver.SimpleServer" description="simpleserver.SimpleServer" / file assembly Now let's finish our super complex console app to test with: using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Text; namespace ConsoleApplication1 {     class Program     {         static voidMain(string[] args)         { Type type = Type.GetTypeFromProgID("simpleserver.simpleserver",true); dynamic server = Activator.CreateInstance(type); Console.WriteLine(server.HelloWorld("rick")); Console.ReadLine(); } } } Now run the Console Application… As expected that should work. And why not? The COM component is still registered, right? :-) Nothing tricky about that. Let's unregister the COM component and then re-run and see what happens. Go to the Command Prompt Change to the folder where the DLL is installed Unregister with: RegSvr32 -u simpleserver.dll      To be sure that the COM component no longer works, check it out with the same test you used earlier (ie. o = CREATEOBJECT("SimpleServer.SimpleServer") in your development environment or VBScript etc.). Make sure you run the EXE and you don't re-compile the application or else Visual Studio will complain that it can't find the COM component in the registry while compiling. In fact now that we have our .manifest file you can remove the COM object from the project. When you run run the EXE from Windows Explorer or a command prompt to avoid the recompile. Watch out for embedded Manifest Files Now recompile your .NET project and run it… and it will most likely fail! The problem is that .NET applications by default embeds a manifest file into the compiled EXE application which results in the externally created manifest file being completely ignored. Only one manifest can be applied at a time and the compiled manifest takes precedency. Uh, thanks Visual Studio - not very helpful… Note that if you use another development tool like Visual FoxPro to create your EXE this won't be an issue as long as the tool doesn't automatically add a manifest file. Creating a Visual FoxPro EXE for example will work immediately with the generated manifest file as is. If you are using .NET and Visual Studio you have a couple of options of getting around this: Remove the embedded manifest file Copy the contents of the generated manifest file into a project manifest file and compile that in To remove an embedded manifest in a Visual Studio project: Open the Project Properties (Alt-Enter on project node) Go down to Resources | Manifest and select | Create Application without a Manifest   You can now add use the external manifest file and it will actually be respected when the app runs. The other option is to let Visual Studio create the manifest file on disk and then explicitly add the manifest file into the project. Notice on the dialog above I did this for app.exe.manifest and the manifest actually shows up in the list. If I select this file it will be compiled into the EXE and be used in lieu of any external files and that works as well. Remove the simpleserver.dll reference so you can compile your code and run the application. Now it should work without COM registration of the component. Personally I prefer external manifests because they can be modified after the fact - compiled manifests are evil in my mind because they are immutable - once they are there they can't be overriden or changed. So I prefer an external manifest. However, if you are absolutely sure nothing needs to change and you don't want anybody messing with your manifest, you can also embed it. The option to either is there. Watch for Manifest Caching While working trying to get this to work I ran into some problems at first. Specifically when it wasn't working at first (due to the embedded schema) I played with various different manifest layouts in different files etc.. There are a number of different ways to actually represent manifest files including offloading to separate folder (more on that later). A few times I made deliberate errors in the schema file and I found that regardless of what I did once the app failed or worked no amount of changing of the manifest file would make it behave differently. It appears that Windows is caching the manifest data for a given EXE or DLL. It takes a restart or a recompile of either the EXE or the DLL to clear the caching. Recompile your servers in order to see manifest changes unless there's an outright failure of an invalid manifest file. If the app starts the manifest is being read and caches immediately. This can be very confusing especially if you don't know that it's happening. I found myself always recompiling the exe after each run and before making any changes to the manifest file. Don't forget about Runtimes of COM Objects In the example I used above I used a Visual FoxPro COM component. Visual FoxPro is a runtime based environment so if I'm going to distribute an application that uses a FoxPro COM object the runtimes need to be distributed as well. The same is true of classic Visual Basic applications. Assuming that you don't know whether the runtimes are installed on the target machines make sure to install all the additional files in the EXE's directory alongside the COM DLL. In the case of Visual FoxPro the target folder should contain: The EXE  App.exe The Manifest file (unless it's compiled in) App.exe.manifest The COM object DLL (simpleserver.dll) Visual FoxPro Runtimes: VFP9t.dll (or VFP9r.dll for non-multithreaded dlls), vfp9rENU.dll, msvcr71.dll All these files should be in the same folder. Debugging Manifest load Errors If you for some reason get your manifest loading wrong there are a couple of useful tools available - SxSTrace and SxSParse. These two tools can be a huge help in debugging manifest loading errors. Put the following into a batch file (SxS_Trace.bat for example): sxstrace Trace -logfile:sxs.bin sxstrace Parse -logfile:sxs.bin -outfile:sxs.txt Then start the batch file before running your EXE. Make sure there's no caching happening as described in the previous section. For example, if I go into the manifest file and explicitly break the CLSID and/or ProgID I get a detailed report on where the EXE is looking for the manifest and what it's reading. Eventually the trace gives me an error like this: INFO: Parsing Manifest File C:\wwapps\Conf\SideBySide\Code\app.EXE.     INFO: Manifest Definition Identity is App.exe,processorArchitecture="x86",type="win32",version="1.0.0.0".     ERROR: Line 13: The value {AAaf2c2811-0657-4264-a1f5-06d033a969ff} of attribute clsid in element comClass is invalid. ERROR: Activation Context generation failed. End Activation Context Generation. pinpointing nicely where the error lies. Pay special attention to the various attributes - they have to match exactly in the different sections of the manifest file(s). Multiple COM Objects The manifest file that Visual Studio creates is actually quite more complex than is required for basic registrationless COM object invokation. The manifest file can be simplified a lot actually by stripping off various namespaces and removing the type library references altogether. Here's an example of a simplified manifest file that actually includes references to 2 COM servers: xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"? assembly xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1" manifestVersion="1.0" assemblyIdentity name="App.exe" version="1.0.0.0" processorArchitecture="x86" type="win32" / file name="simpleserver.DLL" comClass clsid="{af2c2811-0657-4264-a1f5-06d033a969ff}" threadingModel="Apartment" progid="simpleserver.SimpleServer" description="simpleserver.SimpleServer" / file file name = "sidebysidedeploy.dll" comClass clsid="{EF82B819-7963-4C36-9443-3978CD94F57C}" progid="sidebysidedeploy.SidebysidedeployServer" description="SidebySideDeploy Server" threadingModel="apartment" / file assembly Simple enough right? Routing to separate Manifest Files and Folders In the examples above all files ended up in the application's root folder - all the DLLs, support files and runtimes. Sometimes that's not so desirable and you can actually create separate manifest files. The easiest way to do this is to create a manifest file that 'routes' to another manifest file in a separate folder. Basically you create a new 'assembly identity' via a named id. You can then create a folder and another manifest with the id plus .manifest that points at the actual file. In this example I create: App.exe.manifest A folder called App.deploy A manifest file in App.deploy All DLLs and runtimes in App.deploy Let's start with that master manifest file. This file only holds a reference to another manifest file: App.exe.manifest xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"? assembly xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1" manifestVersion="1.0" assemblyIdentity name="App.exe" version="1.0.0.0" processorArchitecture="x86" type="win32" / dependency dependentAssembly assemblyIdentity name="App.deploy" version="1.0.0.0" type="win32" / dependentAssembly dependency assembly   Note this file only contains a dependency to App.deploy which is another manifest id. I can then create App.deploy.manifest in the current folder or in an App.deploy folder. In this case I'll create App.deploy and in it copy the DLLs and support runtimes. I then create App.deploy.manifest. App.deploy.manifest xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"? assembly xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1" manifestVersion="1.0" assemblyIdentity name="App.deploy" type="win32" version="1.0.0.0" / file name="simpleserver.DLL" comClass clsid="{af2c2811-0657-4264-a1f5-06d033a969ff}" threadingModel="Apartment" progid="simpleserver.SimpleServer" description="simpleserver.SimpleServer" / file file name="sidebysidedeploy.dll" comClass clsid="{EF82B819-7963-4C36-9443-3978CD94F57C}" threadingModel="Apartment" progid="sidebysidedeploy.SidebysidedeployServer" description="SidebySideDeploy Server" / file assembly   In this manifest file I then host my COM DLLs and any support runtimes. This is quite useful if you have lots of DLLs you are referencing or if you need to have separate configuration and application files that are associated with the COM object. This way the operation of your main application and the COM objects it interacts with is somewhat separated. You can see the two folders here:   Routing Manifests to different Folders In theory registrationless COM should be pretty easy in painless - you've seen the configuration manifest files and it certainly doesn't look very complicated, right? But the devil's in the details. The ActivationContext API (SxS - side by side activation) is very intolerant of small errors in the XML or formatting of the keys, so be really careful when setting up components, especially if you are manually editing these files. If you do run into trouble SxsTrace/SxsParse are a huge help to track down the problems. And remember that if you do have problems that you'll need to recompile your EXEs or DLLs for the SxS APIs to refresh themselves properly. All of this gets even more fun if you want to do registrationless COM inside of IIS :-) But I'll leave that for another blog post…© Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2011Posted in COM  .NET  FoxPro   Tweet (function() { var po = document.createElement('script'); po.type = 'text/javascript'; po.async = true; po.src = 'https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(po, s); })();

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