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• Booting Debian5 (Lenny) on 2.6.16 Kernel

  - by bk

  Due to a proprietary kernel module that I don't have the source to and is very picky about what kernel versions it will load into (even with modprobe --f), I find myself in need of running a 2.6.16.XX kernel on my Debian5 machine. The machine boots fine with the 2.6.26-2 stock kernel, and I have successfully build and booted 2.6.26 and 2.6.31 based kernels by making a .deb and the ndoing dpkg -i. However, when I do the same approach for 2.6.16, the kernel hangs at boot. I'm testing this in a VMWare image, so I don't think its an issue of newer hardware not supported by the older kernel. For a working kernel, at boot I get: Uncompressing Linux.. OK booting the kernel Loading, please wait... mdadm: No devices listed in the conf file were found kinit name_to_dev_t /dev/hda5 (dev5,3) ... With 2.6.16.60, I never get the kinit message. It hangs after the mdadm line. There are no mdadm arrays on this machine, so I doubt its an issue inside the mdadm stuff, which is supposed to just error out as it does in the 2.6.26 case above, but for some reason I'm getting stuck getting into kinit. I've been banging my head against this wall so I'm very open to suggestions on how to go about troubleshooting this.

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• Surprising corruption and never-ending fsck after resizing a filesystem.

  - by Steve Kemp

  System in question has Debian Lenny installed, running a 2.65.27.38 kernel. System has 16Gb memory, and 8x1Tb drives running behind a 3Ware RAID card. The storage is managed via LVM. Short version: Running a KVM guest which had 1.7Tb storage allocated to it. The guest was reaching a full-disk. So we decided to resize the disk that it was running upon We're pretty familiar with LVM, and KVM, so we figured this would be a painless operation: Stop the KVM guest. Extend the size of the LVM partition: "lvextend -L+500Gb ..." Check the filesystem : "e2fsck -f /dev/mapper/..." Resize the filesystem: "resize2fs /dev/mapper/" Start the guest. The guest booted successfully, and running "df" showed the extra space, however a short time later the system decided to remount the filesystem read-only, without any explicit indication of error. Being paranoid we shut the guest down and ran the filesystem check again, given the new size of the filesystem we expected this to take a while, however it has now been running for 24 hours and there is no indication of how long it will take. Using strace I can see the fsck is "doing stuff", similarly running "vmstat 1" I can see that there are a lot of block input/output operations occurring. So now my question is threefold: Has anybody come across a similar situation? Generally we've done this kind of resize in the past with zero issues. What is the most likely cause? (3Ware card shows the RAID arrays of the backing stores as being A-OK, the host system hasn't rebooted and nothing in dmesg looks important/unusual) Ignoring brtfs + ext3 (not mature enough to trust) should we make our larger partitions in a different filesystem in the future to avoid either this corruption (whatever the cause) or reduce the fsck time? xfs seems like the obvious candidate?

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• Loop through several servers, find specific dlls , get the dll version, internal filename and path?

  - by Graham

  I am a newby to Powershell, and using PS v2. I can see the massive potential it has, but I just can't get the following code to work fully. I am trying to end up with a csv file that contains the wild carded required dlls in the GAC_MSIL or sub-directory, get the dll version, internal filename and path, and the server IP address. The code is below, and it is in single line format because it appears easier to remote onto one of the servers in the server farm and run the single line from that console, ue to security log-ins etc. The code has produced a set of results, but only for the last server, it probably does the first server, then overwrites it but I am not sure about that. I have done a lot of reading about using arrays, and custom objects, and had a go at doing that, but my scripting skills in PS are not yet up to it. Code: $out = "Ouput_dll_ver_results.csv";foreach ($server in '11.222.33.123', '11.222.33.124') {$VersionInfo = (Get-ChildItem \$server\C$\windows\assembly\GAC_MSIL -recurse -Include abc*.dll,def*.dll,ghi*.dll,jkl*.dll | Where-Object { $.FullName -notmatch "\windows\assembly\temp\" })}; $VersionInfo | %{Get-Command $.FullName} | select -expand File* |Export-Csv $out Can you please advise if/how the above code can be corrected, and if not, what alternatives do I have to get the information I need. Many thanks in advance. Graham

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• RAID administration in Debian Lenny

  - by Siim K

  I've got an old box that I don't want to scrap yet because it's got a nice working 5-disk RAID assembly. I want to create 2 arrays: RAID 1 with 2 disks and RAID 5 with the other 3 disks. The RAID card is Intel SRCU31L. I can create the RAID 1 volume in the console that you access with Ctrl+C at startup. But it only allows for creation of one volume so I can't do anything with the 3 remaining disks. I installed Debian Lenny on the RAID 1 volume and it worked out nicely. What utilites could I now use to create/manage the RAID volumes in Debian Linux? I installed the raidutils package but get an error when trying to fetch a list: #raidutil -L controller or #raidutil -L physical # raidutil -L controller osdOpenEngine : 11/08/110-18:16:08 Fatal error, no active controller device files found. Engine connect failed: Open What could I try to get this thing working? Can you suggest any other tools? Command #lspci -vv gives me this about the controller: 00:06.1 I2O: Intel Corporation Integrated RAID (rev 02) (prog-if 01) Subsystem: Intel Corporation Device 0001 Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV+ VGASnoop- ParErr- Step ping- SERR+ FastB2B- DisINTx- Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B+ ParErr- DEVSEL=medium >TAbort- <TAbort - <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Latency: 64, Cache Line Size: 32 bytes Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 26 Region 0: Memory at f9800000 (32-bit, prefetchable) [size=8M] [virtual] Expansion ROM at 30020000 [disabled] [size=64K] Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: PCI_I2O Kernel modules: i2o_core

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• Raid1 with active and spare partition

  - by Daniel Baron

  I am having the following problem with a RAID1 software raid partition on my Ubuntu system (10.04 LTS, 2.6.32-24-server in case it matters). One of my disks (sdb5) reported I/O errors and was therefore marked faulty in the array. The array was then degraded with one active device. Hence, I replaced the harddisk, cloned the partition table and added all new partitions to my raid arrays. After syncing all partitions ended up fine, having 2 active devices - except one of them. The partition which reported the faulty disk before, however, did not include the new partition as an active device but as a spare disk: md3 : active raid1 sdb5[2] sda5[1] 4881344 blocks [2/1] [_U] A detailed look reveals: root@server:~# mdadm --detail /dev/md3 [...] Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 2 8 21 0 spare rebuilding /dev/sdb5 1 8 5 1 active sync /dev/sda5 So here is the question: How do I tell my raid to turn the spare disk into an active one? And why has it been added as a spare device? Recreating or reassembling the array is not an option, because it is my root partition. And I can not find any hints to that subject in the Software Raid HOWTO. Any help would be appreciated.

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• Dell OpenManage On Ubuntu Server 12.04 Cannot Log In

  - by Austin

  I have a Dell Poweredge 2950 with 2X130GB and 2X2TB drives. I need to set them up in a RAID 1 array so that the 130GB Drives are mirrored and host the OS, while the 2TB drives are mirrored and are the content drives. So I go from 4 disks, down to two, one 130GB and one 2TB. I can do that in the BIOS RAID utility no problem. But I need to be able to manage the RAID arrays and be able to expand them WITHOUT shutting down the server. Now, to my understanding, openmanage will allow me to do that AND it runs on ubuntu. So I go and set it up and try to log into the web interface at and it will not let me log in. I have followed dell's guide to set up openmanage, even added the usernames to the files and permissions and such, however, cannot get it to let me log in or anything. I have reinstalled Openmanage several times, even reinstalled the OS three times, and nothing works. Google does not help either. It simply says login failed after hitting submit. Please Help

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• Thecus N5200, disk has dropped out of RAID5

  - by Anders Ekdahl

  We have a Thecus 5200 NAS here at work with five WD Caviar Black 2TB disks in a RADI5 array. Yesterday, disk 4 dropped out of the array, and in the NAS web interface there's a warning about the RAID array being "degraded". When I go into Storage - Disks, disk 1 and 4 has a warning next to them. When I click on the warnings, this information about the disks are displayed: Tray Number 4 Model WD2001FASS-00W2B Power On Hours 2403 Hours Temperature Celsius 34 Reallocated Sector Count 66 Current Pending Sector 1447 Raw Read Error Rate 61 Seek Error Rate 0 Hardware ECC Recovered N/A Tray Number 1 Model WD2001FASS-00W2B Power On Hours 2403 Hours Temperature Celsius 32 Reallocated Sector Count 0 Current Pending Sector 1465 Raw Read Error Rate 0 Seek Error Rate 0 Hardware ECC Recovered N/A I'm not really an expert on either disks or RAID arrays. Does this indicate that the fourth disk is damaged, and needs to be replaced? And what about disk number one? It has a warning, but it's still in the array. Is it safe to add the fourth disk back into the array as a spare? I can't find any way to add it back as a it were before.

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• Proxmox drbd configuration split brain [on hold]

  - by AudioDan

  I am planning a proxmox HA configuration with two Dell R710 machines (dual 6 core processors in each) with enterprise level drive raid arrays. I would be using DRBD with a quorum disk on a third machine. I would dedicate two 1GB nics on each server to the DRBD communications. We would have approximately 12 to 14 Virtual Machines running on this pair of servers. The proxmox manual recommends creating two DRBD resources - one for the Virtual Machines that normally run on ServerA and one for the Virtual Machines that normally run on ServerB. This is because of the Primary/Primary state in which this configuration runs. If both servers have VMs talking to the same DRBD resource and a split brain situation occurs, there is potential for data corruption that must be resolved. While I understand it would take more effort to create new virtual machines, can anybody foresee any potential problems with running a separate DRBD resource for each VM instead? Does anyone have experience running a setup that way and has it worked well? It seems to me that would allow more flexibility in moving machines back and forth.

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• Raid 5 with hot spare or RAID 10 with no hot spare?

  - by Boden

  Yes, this is on of those "do my job for me" questions, have some pity:) I'm at the limit for what I can do with the number of hard drives in a server without spending a substantial amount of money. I have four drives left to configure, and I can either set them up as a RAID 5 and dedicate a hot spare, or a RAID 10 with no hot spare. The size of each will be the same, and the RAID 5 will offer enough performance. I'm RAID 5 shy, but I also don't like the idea of running without a hot spare. I'm not so interested in degraded performance, but the amount of time the system is without adequate redundancy. The server and drives are under a 13x5 4 hour response contract (although I happen to know that the nearest service provider is at least 2-3 hours away by car in the winter). I should note that the server also has two RAID 1 arrays which would also be protected by the hot spare. Why don't they make drive cages with 9 bays! Heh.

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• Move every 3 rows into a column in excel

  - by Eliane El Asmr

  Please i need your help. I need to move every 3 rows into a new colomn. --Let's suppose i have this: Ambassade de France S.E. M. Patrice PAOLI 01-420000-420150 Ambassade de France Mme. Jamilé Anan 01-420000-420150 Ambassade de France Mme . Marie Maamari 01-420000-420150 --I need them to be Like this: Ambassade de France S.E. M. Patrice PAOLI 01-420000-420150 Ambassade de France Mme. Jamilé Anan 01-420000-420150 Ambassade de France Mme . Marie Maamari 01-420000-420150 I have this code. Can you help me Please. It's giving me error. Out of range. What should i change? It's urgent:(the code is for every 7, i need for every 3) Sub Every7() Dim i As Integer, j As Integer, cl As Range Dim myarray(100, 6) As Integer 'I don't know what your data is. Mine is integer data 'Change 100 to however many rows you have in your original data, divided by seven, round up 'remember arrays start at zero, so 6 really is 7 If MsgBox("Is your entire data selected?", vbYesNo, "Data selected?") <> vbYes Then MsgBox ("First select all your data") End If 'Read data into array For Each cl In Selection.Cells Debug.Print cl.Value myarray(i, j) = cl.Value If j = 6 Then i = i + 1 j = 0 Else j = j + 1 End If Next 'Now paste the array for your data into a new worksheet Worksheets.Add Range(Cells(1, 1), Cells(101, 7)) = myarray End Sub Thank you.

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• Generalized strategy for file server virtualization in Xenserver

  - by Jamie

  I'm not shopping as much as I'm looking for some guidance on good idea / bad idea strategies. I'm sure I'm not in the "best practices" budget range. Currently, I have 3 dell poweredges running xenserver in a pool. Each node has a ubuntu file server, serving about 6TB. One is the primary, the other two are rsync targets for backup. The 6TB is stored on their respective local storage disks as an LVM of 3x2tb virtual disks. The fileserver VM disks are also stored on the node local disks. Each node also runs a smattering of light-weight VMs for web, development, windows VMs, and stuff like that. Several of those VM's disks reside on a QNAP NAS to play with live migration. These VM's are often clients of the primary file server (like all the mail, web content, user files are stored on the file server, not on the mail, web, and samba VMs). This all works fine, and is a major step up for us. The downside is that the QNAP is a single point of failure. And the only thing the QNAP is doing is serving migratable VM images, not client data. Someday the poweredge local arrays will be full, and we will have to reinvent ourselves again. Is it wise to have heavywieght vms (like the fileserver, with its 6+ TB disks) on a SAN or NAS? Would it be better to keep the VMs lightweight, have the VM images on a SAN or NAS, and use 2 or more NAS act as NFS-serving file appliances? A hybrid SAN/NAS that can serve iscsi for images and NFS for the client vms? It seems like live-magration would be a misnomer if you have to migrate a fileserver with its entire 6+ TB disk. I recognize there are plenty of ways to skin the cat. We've already skinned it a few ways. What makes sense?

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• How to diagnose storage system scaling problems?

  - by Unknown

  We are currently testing the maximum sequential read throughput of a storage system (48 disks total behind two HP P2000 arrays) connected to HP DL580 G7 running RHEL 5 with 128 GB of memory. Initial testing has been mainly done by running DD-commands like this: dd if=/dev/mapper/mpath1 of=/dev/null bs=1M count=3000 In parallel for each disk. However, we have been unable to scale the results from one array (maximum throughput of 1.3 GB/s) to two (almost the same throughput). Each array is connected to a dedicated host bust adapter, so they should not be the bottleneck. The disks are currently in JBOD configuration, so each disk can be addressed directly. I have two questions: Is running multiple DD commands in parallel really a good way to test maximum read throughput? We have noticed very high SWAPIN-% numbers in iotop, which I find hard to explain because the target is /dev/null How shoud we proceed in trying to find the reason for the scaling problem? Do you thing the server itself is the bottleneck here, or could there be some linux parameters that we have overlooked?

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• Flash Backed Write Cache (FBWC) without capacitor pack

  - by Martyn

  I brought a HP Smart Array P410 controller and it is installed and working fine in a HP Prolient Microserver with 4 drives in two RAID 1 arrays. I didn’t realise however that it came without any cache so would only work by directly writing straight to the disk, and the performance was horrible. So I then brought the 512MB Flash Backed Write Cache (FBWC) memory module as I was under the impression that with FBWC I would not need a battery. I got this idea from a forum post. "What do you guys think of the choice between 'BBWC' (battery backed write cache) and 'FBWC' (flash backed write cache)? The flashed based ones use non-volitile memory so need no battery." After installing the cache module however the server pretty much won’t boot. The P410 has a flashing amber light on it, and from the manual that doesn’t sound good. I’ve managed to get to the on board BIOS once and even managed to get to boot to the HP Array Configuration Utility (ACU) CD once, but every other time the Server continuingly reboots once it get to the POST screen and reads ARRAY INITILIZING %%%. The one time I reached the ACU, it reported a problem with the Cache Module. To me, it seems like the cache module is faulty, however the supplier tells me “Do you have an FBWC battery pack, p/n 587324-001, because that is required for the cache to work. If you have it, please complete an RMA form and we'll send a replacement / credit.” Does this sound right to you? I’ve been ordering the parts from the US and I don’t want to spend $77 + $40 p&p on a battery, wait a week for the shipping to find the card is faulty, and I don’t want to send back a working card?

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• Is there a faster way to change default apps associated with file types on OS X?

  - by Lri

  Is there anything more convenient than using RCDefaultApp or Magic Launch, or just repeatedly pressing the Change All buttons in Finder's information panels? I thought about writing a shell script that would modify the CFBundleDocumentTypes arrays in Info.plist files. But each app has multiple keys (sometimes an icon) that would need to be changed. lsregister can't be used to make specific modifications to the Launch Services database. $ `locate lsregister` -h lsregister: [OPTIONS] [ <path>... ] [ -apps <domain>[,domain]... ] [ -libs <domain>[,domain]... ] [ -all <domain>[,domain]... ] Paths are searched for applications to register with the Launch Service database. Valid domains are "system", "local", "network" and "user". Domains can also be specified using only the first letter. -kill Reset the Launch Services database before doing anything else -seed If database isn't seeded, scan default locations for applications and libraries to register -lint Print information about plist errors while registering bundles -convert Register apps found in older LS database files -lazy n Sleep for n seconds before registering/scanning -r Recursive directory scan, do not recurse into packages or invisible directories -R Recursive directory scan, descending into packages and invisible directories -f force-update registration even if mod date is unchanged -u unregister instead of register -v Display progress information -dump Display full database contents after registration -h Display this help

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• RAID-capable 3.5" SATA Drives

  - by nroam

  I recently purchased a pair of 1TB Western Digital WD1002FBYS RE3 drives for use in an external RAID enclosure. I have found that they tend to drop out of the array after a while. Thinking it was the enclosure I tried them on another one but found the same issue. So a bit of googling and I found http://www.tomshardware.com/forum/251076-32-raid-issues-western-digital-hard-disk which suggests that: "WD's "RE" (RAID Edition) HDDs support Time-Limited Error Recovery ("TLER" ): http://www.wdc.com/en/products/productcatalog.asp?language=en As a non-TLER HDD fills up with data, the error detection firmware might take too long, and the RAID controller may drop that HDD from a RAID array." So now I wonder what SATA drives have firmware which is compatible with RAID arrays (esp. RAID 1, 5, but not 0)? I have not been able to come up with the magic set of keywords to ellicit the answer from Google. However, various sites suggest that Seagate & Hitachi are in general OK. Does anyone have any generic (or even specific) guidance on how to work out if a drive's firmware may harbour code that is potentially an issue in a RAID0 setting other than stating that it must be 'enterprise' ready?

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• file system that allow to specify different RAID level per directory and change it afterward

  - by Adam Ryczkowski

  I have 5 hard drives, where I want to keep my data. Some of my files are more important, and some of them are less. So some of them I wish to put on RAID-6, and for some it RAID-5 is sufficient. It is difficult to predict at the moment of creation of the arrays how much space of each type to declare. What I would do if I didn't hear about zfs, is partition the hard drives into identical 100GB partitions, and as my needs grow, assemble those partitions into md devices using linux-raid. Then, I'd combine those devices using lvm into logical volumes where I'd put my data. So when I'd need more space of e.g. RAID-6, I'd take 100GB partition from each hard drive and assemble them into another RAID-6 md device and would use it as physical storage for the logical volume group dedicated for RAID-6 data. Then I could grow the file system on this logical volume. On top of RAID-6 and RAID-5 Volume Groups (managed by lvm) would reside completely independent file systems, which I'd later merge with multiple mount --bind into a single directory structure that would reflect the logical structure of data rather that of the storage. But now, when I heard about the ZFS with all the performance, data-healing and compression capabilities I cannot stop thinking if it can help me. If so, what do you think would be the best setup?

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• Adding more drives to a drive array

  - by Mystere Man

  I have a friend who has two servers, a Dell 1800 and an HP 350 ML G5, both have SAS drive arrays. The Dell is a 3.5" and the HP is a 2.5". They currently only have 3 drives in each array. We want to add additional drives, but they do not appear to have caddies, just "fake" covers. I haven't been able to take a good look at them, so I'm not sure what I need to do here. Are the "sockets" just there, and I can buy additional caddies and just stick them in? Or do I have to buy some kind of caddy adapter? Also, i'm thinking of just going 2.5" in the new server, so is there a 2.5" adapter caddy that will fit in the 3.5" chassis for the Dell, so I can use 2.5" drives in the 3.5" chassis? Can I buy 6GB/s drives and add them to the 3GB/s controller? The reason is that we're going to replace both computers in a year or so, and we want to bring the drives with. So rather than buy 3GB/s drives, we just want to buy 6GB/s drives so they can be used in the new server.

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• In which order does Excel process its formulae?

  - by dwwilson66

  I've got a fairly large spreadsheet with major calculations going on, and it's starting to slow down every time a value that's part of a calculated field is modified. I'm in the process of optimizing the file, adding arrays where I can, and seeing where I can shave off a few milliseconds here and there. Let's say there's data in Columns A-H. Column H is set based on relationships between values in Columns A, B and C, which change dynamically from an outside program. Users enter the data in Column F. Formulas in D & E calculate relationships between F & H and H & D, respectively. How does Excel manage formulae in the case, for instance, where they're dependent on data further into the sheet? Will my value in H be available the first time that the formulae in D & E calculate? or, will D & E calculate based on an old value for H, because H's update hasn't happened yet? Are there any efficiencies to be gained by positioning dependencies in particular rows or columns in the speadsheet? Do positions above and left the current position get processed sooner than things below and to the right?

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• Cannot get at data in my NAS

  - by Ben

  I've got a bit of an issue that I'm hoping you can help me with. I have an Iomega ix4 as my NAS. This runs Linux and each drive in the box has 2 partitions: one for the OS and RAID info, and the second for the actual data. I had it configured as RAID5. Recently one of the drives failed. At this point all of the data was available, it was just reporting a failed drive. I had a drive of the same capacity (although not the exact same spec) which I swapped in place of the failed drive. It recognised it, and started to rebuild the data protection. So far so good ... or so I thought. The next day, after data protection had finished reconstructing, the NAS was telling me that 4 new drives had been added, and wanted confirmation to overwrite the data. Obviously I declined to do this. I swapped the failed drive back in again, in the hope that it would return to its previous state of the data being accessible, but one failed disk. However it didn't - it still tells me that the NAS has 4 new drives in it. I am hopeful that the actual data is untouched, so what I need to do is get it to rebuild the RAID without touching the data on the disks. I have ssh access, and have run stuff like mdadm --examine to see what I can find. The mdadm.conf file has no entry in the "definitions of existing MD arrays" section. I have not run any actual rebuilding commands as yet, because this is entering an area which I am out of my depth in. Please can someone advise the best way of getting my data? Thanks.

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• Assembling Software RAID in Live CD for data recovery

  - by Maletor

  I need help recovering some data that's on my RAID which is on a LVM on my server running Ubuntu. What happened was I deleted the logical volume that controlled my swap space which was on a partition on drives sda2, sdb2, sdc2, and sdd2 in RAID1. This foobared my whole system for one reason or another. Booting leave me with grub rescue and an error saying that it is an unknown filesystem. When I boot to a live cd I can see my RAID arrays and I can even start them up. However, it doesn't appear to mount them anywhere so I can't see the data. I am in the live cd now and I have done sudo apt-get install mdadm lvm2 so it should be mounting them correctly. I just can't see why it wouldn't. Please any help is appreciated here. Here is some output. By the way, there are 3 RAIDs, 1) /boot 100mb RAID1, 2) swap 10gb RAID1, 3) root 990GB RAID5 ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on aufs 124M 101M 18M 86% / none 2.0G 324K 2.0G 1% /dev /dev/sde1 2.0G 826M 1.2G 42% /cdrom /dev/loop0 667M 667M 0 100% /rofs none 2.0G 164K 2.0G 1% /dev/shm tmpfs 2.0G 28K 2.0G 1% /tmp none 2.0G 92K 2.0G 1% /var/run none 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /var/lock none 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /lib/init/rw /dev/md1 91M 73M 15M 84% /media/5ac3dbf1-a6c5-409c-96ae-edc6e27992c7 ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ cat /etc/fstab aufs / aufs rw 0 0 tmpfs /tmp tmpfs nosuid,nodev 0 0 /dev/sda2 swap swap defaults 0 0 /dev/sdb2 swap swap defaults 0 0 /dev/sdc2 swap swap defaults 0 0 /dev/sdd2 swap swap defaults 0 0

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• RAIDs with a lot of spindles - how to safely put to use the "wasted" space

  - by kubanczyk

  I have a fairly large number of RAID arrays (server controllers as well as midrange SAN storage) that all suffer from the same problem: barely enough spindles to keep the peak I/O performance, and tons of unused disk space. I guess it's a universal issue since vendors offer the smallest drives of 300 GB capacity but the random I/O performance hasn't really grown much since the time when the smallest drives were 36 GB. One example is a database that has 300 GB and needs random performance of 3200 IOPS, so it gets 16 disks (4800 GB minus 300 GB and we have 4.5 TB wasted space). Another common example are redo logs for a OLTP database that is sensitive in terms of response time. The redo logs get their own 300 GB mirror, but take 30 GB: 270 GB wasted. What I would like to see is a systematic approach for both Linux and Windows environment. How to set up the space so sysadmin team would be reminded about the risk of hindering the performance of the main db/app? Or, even better, to be protected from that risk? The typical situation that comes to my mind is "oh, I have this very large zip file, where do I uncompress it? Umm let's see the df -h and we figure something out in no time..." I don't put emphasis on strictness of the security (sysadmins are trusted to act in good faith), but on overall simplicity of the approach. For Linux, it would be great to have a filesystem customized to cap I/O rate to a very low level - is this possible?

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• mdadm: Replacing array with entirely new drives

  - by hellfur

  I have a server with three 500GB drives, with most of my data in a RAID5 configuration spanning the three of them. I just purchased and installed four 1TB drives, and the intention is to move off of the old drives and onto the new ones. I have enough SATA ports and power connectors to power all seven of my drives at once, so I've kept the old RAID running while I figure out what to do with the new drives. My question is: Should I create a whole new array on the 1TB drives, then move everything over and reconfigure linux to boot from the new md arrays? Or should I just expand the array, swapping out each of the three 500GBs with the 1TB, then adding the final drive? I've read up on the mdadm extending drive setup, and it makes sense, but I imagine I would use one of the drives as a full backup while I move things over, then add that drive back into the array once things are up and running on three of the 1TB drives, so there's some complication in going that route as well... I'm just not sure which is safer/recommended.

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• Designing a persistent asynchronous TCP protocol

  - by dogglebones

  I have got a collection of web sites that need to send time-sensitive messages to host machines all over my metro area, each on its own generally dynamic IP. Until now, I have been doing this the way of the script kiddie: Each host machine runs an (s)FTP server, or an HTTP(s) server, and correspondingly has a certain port opened up by its gateway. Each host machine runs a program that watches a certain folder and automatically opens or prints or exec()s when a new file of a given extension shows up. Dynamic IP addresses are accommodated using a dynamic DNS service. Each web site does cURL or fsockopen or whatever and communicates directly with its recipient as-needed. This approach has been suprisingly reliable, however obvious issues have come up and the situation needs to be addressed. As stated, these messages are time-sensitive and failures need to be detected within minutes of submission by end-users. What I'm doing is building a messaging protocol. It will run on a machine and connection in my control. As far as the service is concerned, there is no distinction between web site and host machine -- there is only one device sending a message to another device. So that's where I'm at right now. I've got a skeleton server and a skeleton client. They can negotiate high-quality authentication and encryption. The (TCP) connection is persistent and asynchronous, and can handle delimited (i.e., read until \r\n or whatever) as well as length-prefixed (i.e., read exactly n bytes) messages. Unless somebody gives me a better idea, I think I'll handle messages as byte arrays. So I'm looking for suggestions on how to model the protocol itself -- at the application level. I'll mostly be transferring XML and DLM type files, as well as control messages for things like "handshake" and "is so-and-so online?" and so forth. Is there anything really stupid in my train of thought? Or anything I should read about before I get started? Stuff like that -- please and thanks.

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• Question marks showing in ls of directory. IO errors too.

  - by jaymoo

  Has anyone seen this before? I've got a raid 5 mounted on my server and for whatever reason it started showing this: jason@box2:/mnt/raid1/cra$ ls -alh ls: cannot access e6eacc985fea729b2d5bc74078632738: Input/output error ls: cannot access 257ad35ee0b12a714530c30dccf9210f: Input/output error total 0 drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 123 2009-08-19 16:33 . drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 16 2009-08-14 17:15 .. ?????????? ? ? ? ? ? 257ad35ee0b12a714530c30dccf9210f drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 57 2009-08-19 16:58 9c89a78e93ae6738e01136db9153361b ?????????? ? ? ? ? ? e6eacc985fea729b2d5bc74078632738 The md5 strings are actual directory names and not part of the error. The question marks are odd, and any directory with a question mark throws an io error when you attempt to use/delete/etc it. I was unable to umount the drive due to "busy". Rebooting the server "fixed" it but it was throwing some raid errors on shutdown. I have configured two raid 5 arrays and both started doing this on random files. Both are using the following config: mkfs.xfs -l size=128m -d agcount=32 mount -t xfs -o noatime,logbufs=8 Nothing too fancy, but part of an optimized config for this box. We're not partitioning the drives and that was suggested as a possible issue. Could this be the culprit?

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• Mysql InnoDB and quickly applying large updates

  - by Tim

  Basically my problem is that I have a large table of about 17,000,000 products that I need to apply a bunch of updates to really quickly. The table has 30 columns with the id set as int(10) AUTO_INCREMENT. I have another table which all of the updates for this table are stored in, these updates have to be pre-calculated as they take a couple of days to calculate. This table is in the format of [ product_id int(10), update_value int(10) ]. The strategy I'm taking to issue these 17 million updates quickly is to load all of these updates into memory in a ruby script and group them in a hash of arrays so that each update_value is a key and each array is a list of sorted product_id's. { 150: => [1,2,3,4,5,6], 160: => [7,8,9,10] } Updates are then issued in the format of UPDATE product SET update_value = 150 WHERE product_id IN (1,2,3,4,5,6); UPDATE product SET update_value = 160 WHERE product_id IN (7,8,9,10); I'm pretty sure I'm doing this correctly in the sense that issuing the updates on sorted batches of product_id's should be the optimal way to do it with mysql / innodb. I'm hitting a weird issue though where when I was testing with updating ~13 million records, this only took around 45 minutes. Now I'm testing with more data, ~17 million records and the updates are taking closer to 120 minutes. I would have expected some sort of speed decrease here but not to the degree that I'm seeing. Any advice on how I can speed this up or what could be slowing me down with this larger record set? As far as server specs go they're pretty good, heaps of memory / cpu, the whole DB should fit into memory with plenty of room to grow.

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