vector graphics - Page 121

[C#] GrayScale (by ColorMatrix) causes OutOfMemoryException. Why ?

- by Tony

I have 2 forms, A and B. On the Form A, I click a button and an Image is being loaded to a PictureBox located ona the Form B. And, I want to set GrayScale to this image by: public void SetGrayScale(PictureBox pb) { ColorMatrix matrix = new ColorMatrix(new float[][] { new float[] {0.299f, 0.299f, 0.299f, 0, 0}, new float[] {0.587f, 0.587f, 0.587f, 0, 0}, new float[] {0.114f, 0.114f, 0.114f, 0, 0}, new float[] { 0, 0, 0, 1, 0}, new float[] { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0} }); Image image = (Bitmap)pb.Image.Clone(); ImageAttributes attributes = new ImageAttributes(); attributes.SetColorMatrix(matrix); Graphics graphics = Graphics.FromImage(image); graphics.DrawImage(image, new Rectangle(0, 0, image.Width, image.Height), 0, 0, image.Width, image.Height, GraphicsUnit.Pixel, attributes); graphics.Dispose(); pb.Image = image; } This code works properly when the PictureBox is on the same form (A). But, when it is on the Form B, the OutOfMemoryException is raised. Why ?

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LIBGDX "parsing error emitter" with 2 or more emitters [on hold]

- by flow969

I have a problem with the use of particle effect of LIBGDX with 2 or more emitters. After using ParticleEditor to create my .p file, I use it in my code BUT...when I use only 1 emitter it's fine but with more than 1, not fine ! :( Here is my error code in java console : Exception in thread "LWJGL Application" java.lang.RuntimeException: Error parsing emitter: - Delay - at com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.g2d.ParticleEmitter.load(ParticleEmitter.java:910) at com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.g2d.ParticleEmitter.<init>(ParticleEmitter.java:95) at com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.g2d.ParticleEffect.loadEmitters(ParticleEffect.java:154) at com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.g2d.ParticleEffect.load(ParticleEffect.java:138) at com.fasgame.fishtrip.android.screens.GameScreen.show(GameScreen.java:313) at com.badlogic.gdx.Game.setScreen(Game.java:61) at com.fasgame.fishtrip.android.screens.MainMenuScreen.render(MainMenuScreen.java:71) at com.badlogic.gdx.Game.render(Game.java:46) at com.badlogic.gdx.backends.lwjgl.LwjglApplication.mainLoop(LwjglApplication.java:206) at com.badlogic.gdx.backends.lwjgl.LwjglApplication$1.run(LwjglApplication.java:114) Caused by: java.lang.NumberFormatException: For input string: "- Count -" at sun.misc.FloatingDecimal.readJavaFormatString(Unknown Source) at sun.misc.FloatingDecimal.parseFloat(Unknown Source) at java.lang.Float.parseFloat(Unknown Source) at com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.g2d.ParticleEmitter.readFloat(ParticleEmitter.java:929) at com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.g2d.ParticleEmitter$RangedNumericValue.load(ParticleEmitter.java:1062) at com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.g2d.ParticleEmitter.load(ParticleEmitter.java:866) ... 9 more And here is my particle effect .p file : Blanc - Delay - active: false - Duration - lowMin: 3000.0 lowMax: 3000.0 - Count - min: 0 max: 200 - Emission - lowMin: 0.0 lowMax: 0.0 highMin: 250.0 highMax: 250.0 relative: false scalingCount: 1 scaling0: 1.0 timelineCount: 1 timeline0: 0.0 - Life - lowMin: 500.0 lowMax: 500.0 highMin: 500.0 highMax: 500.0 relative: false scalingCount: 3 scaling0: 1.0 scaling1: 0.47058824 scaling2: 0.0 timelineCount: 3 timeline0: 0.0 timeline1: 0.51369864 timeline2: 1.0 - Life Offset - active: false - X Offset - active: false - Y Offset - active: false - Spawn Shape - shape: point - Spawn Width - lowMin: 0.0 lowMax: 0.0 highMin: 0.0 highMax: 0.0 relative: false scalingCount: 1 scaling0: 1.0 timelineCount: 1 timeline0: 0.0 - Spawn Height - lowMin: 0.0 lowMax: 0.0 highMin: 0.0 highMax: 0.0 relative: false scalingCount: 1 scaling0: 1.0 timelineCount: 1 timeline0: 0.0 - Scale - lowMin: 0.0 lowMax: 0.0 highMin: 70.0 highMax: 70.0 relative: true scalingCount: 2 scaling0: 1.0 scaling1: 0.0 timelineCount: 2 timeline0: 0.0 timeline1: 1.0 - Velocity - active: true lowMin: 0.0 lowMax: 0.0 highMin: 30.0 highMax: 300.0 relative: false scalingCount: 1 scaling0: 1.0 timelineCount: 1 timeline0: 0.0 - Angle - active: true lowMin: 220.0 lowMax: 320.0 highMin: 220.0 highMax: 320.0 relative: false scalingCount: 2 scaling0: 0.0 scaling1: 0.98039216 timelineCount: 2 timeline0: 0.0 timeline1: 1.0 - Rotation - active: false - Wind - active: false - Gravity - active: true lowMin: 0.0 lowMax: 0.0 highMin: 0.0 highMax: 0.0 relative: false scalingCount: 1 scaling0: 1.0 timelineCount: 1 timeline0: 0.0 - Tint - colorsCount: 3 colors0: 0.50980395 colors1: 0.7647059 colors2: 0.7921569 timelineCount: 1 timeline0: 0.0 - Transparency - lowMin: 0.0 lowMax: 0.0 highMin: 1.0 highMax: 1.0 relative: false scalingCount: 4 scaling0: 1.0 scaling1: 1.0 scaling2: 1.0 scaling3: 1.0 timelineCount: 4 timeline0: 0.0 timeline1: 0.36301368 timeline2: 0.6164383 timeline3: 1.0 - Options - attached: false continuous: true aligned: false additive: true behind: false premultipliedAlpha: false pre_particle.png Bleu - Delay - active: false - Duration - lowMin: 3000.0 lowMax: 3000.0 - Count - min: 0 max: 200 - Emission - lowMin: 0.0 lowMax: 0.0 highMin: 250.0 highMax: 250.0 relative: false scalingCount: 1 scaling0: 1.0 timelineCount: 1 timeline0: 0.0 - Life - lowMin: 500.0 lowMax: 500.0 highMin: 500.0 highMax: 500.0 relative: false scalingCount: 3 scaling0: 1.0 scaling1: 0.47058824 scaling2: 0.0 timelineCount: 3 timeline0: 0.0 timeline1: 0.51369864 timeline2: 1.0 - Life Offset - active: false - X Offset - active: false - Y Offset - active: false - Spawn Shape - shape: point - Spawn Width - lowMin: 0.0 lowMax: 0.0 highMin: 0.0 highMax: 0.0 relative: false scalingCount: 1 scaling0: 1.0 timelineCount: 1 timeline0: 0.0 - Spawn Height - lowMin: 0.0 lowMax: 0.0 highMin: 0.0 highMax: 0.0 relative: false scalingCount: 1 scaling0: 1.0 timelineCount: 1 timeline0: 0.0 - Scale - lowMin: 0.0 lowMax: 0.0 highMin: 70.0 highMax: 70.0 relative: true scalingCount: 2 scaling0: 1.0 scaling1: 0.0 timelineCount: 2 timeline0: 0.0 timeline1: 1.0 - Velocity - active: true lowMin: 0.0 lowMax: 0.0 highMin: 30.0 highMax: 300.0 relative: false scalingCount: 1 scaling0: 1.0 timelineCount: 1 timeline0: 0.0 - Angle - active: true lowMin: 220.0 lowMax: 320.0 highMin: 220.0 highMax: 320.0 relative: false scalingCount: 2 scaling0: 0.0 scaling1: 0.98039216 timelineCount: 2 timeline0: 0.0 timeline1: 1.0 - Rotation - active: false - Wind - active: false - Gravity - active: true lowMin: 0.0 lowMax: 0.0 highMin: 0.0 highMax: 0.0 relative: false scalingCount: 1 scaling0: 1.0 timelineCount: 1 timeline0: 0.0 - Tint - colorsCount: 3 colors0: 0.0 colors1: 0.7254902 colors2: 0.7921569 timelineCount: 1 timeline0: 0.0 - Transparency - lowMin: 0.0 lowMax: 0.0 highMin: 1.0 highMax: 1.0 relative: false scalingCount: 6 scaling0: 0.0 scaling1: 1.0 scaling2: 1.0 scaling3: 1.0 scaling4: 1.0 scaling5: 0.0 timelineCount: 6 timeline0: 0.0 timeline1: 0.047945205 timeline2: 0.34246576 timeline3: 0.6712329 timeline4: 0.94520545 timeline5: 1.0 - Options - attached: false continuous: true aligned: false additive: true behind: false premultipliedAlpha: false pre_particle.png BleuFonce - Delay - active: false - Duration - lowMin: 3000.0 lowMax: 3000.0 - Count - min: 0 max: 200 - Emission - lowMin: 0.0 lowMax: 0.0 highMin: 250.0 highMax: 250.0 relative: false scalingCount: 1 scaling0: 1.0 timelineCount: 1 timeline0: 0.0 - Life - lowMin: 500.0 lowMax: 500.0 highMin: 500.0 highMax: 500.0 relative: false scalingCount: 3 scaling0: 1.0 scaling1: 0.47058824 scaling2: 0.0 timelineCount: 3 timeline0: 0.0 timeline1: 0.51369864 timeline2: 1.0 - Life Offset - active: false - X Offset - active: false - Y Offset - active: false - Spawn Shape - shape: point - Spawn Width - lowMin: 0.0 lowMax: 0.0 highMin: 0.0 highMax: 0.0 relative: false scalingCount: 1 scaling0: 1.0 timelineCount: 1 timeline0: 0.0 - Spawn Height - lowMin: 0.0 lowMax: 0.0 highMin: 0.0 highMax: 0.0 relative: false scalingCount: 1 scaling0: 1.0 timelineCount: 1 timeline0: 0.0 - Scale - lowMin: 0.0 lowMax: 0.0 highMin: 70.0 highMax: 70.0 relative: true scalingCount: 2 scaling0: 1.0 scaling1: 0.0 timelineCount: 2 timeline0: 0.0 timeline1: 1.0 - Velocity - active: true lowMin: 0.0 lowMax: 0.0 highMin: 30.0 highMax: 300.0 relative: false scalingCount: 1 scaling0: 1.0 timelineCount: 1 timeline0: 0.0 - Angle - active: true lowMin: 220.0 lowMax: 320.0 highMin: 220.0 highMax: 320.0 relative: false scalingCount: 2 scaling0: 0.0 scaling1: 0.98039216 timelineCount: 2 timeline0: 0.0 timeline1: 1.0 - Rotation - active: false - Wind - active: false - Gravity - active: true lowMin: 0.0 lowMax: 0.0 highMin: 0.0 highMax: 0.0 relative: false scalingCount: 1 scaling0: 1.0 timelineCount: 1 timeline0: 0.0 - Tint - colorsCount: 3 colors0: 0.0 colors1: 0.7294118 colors2: 1.0 timelineCount: 1 timeline0: 0.0 - Transparency - lowMin: 0.0 lowMax: 0.0 highMin: 1.0 highMax: 1.0 relative: false scalingCount: 4 scaling0: 1.0 scaling1: 0.0 scaling2: 0.0 scaling3: 1.0 timelineCount: 4 timeline0: 0.0 timeline1: 0.001 timeline2: 0.5753425 timeline3: 0.79452056 - Options - attached: false continuous: true aligned: false additive: true behind: false premultipliedAlpha: false pre_particle.png For the "- Image Path -" missing it's normal if I let them in it doesn't work even with only 1 emitter PS : I've already updated my lib to the last release

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Enemies don't shoot. What is wrong? [closed]

- by Bryan

I want that every enemy shoots independently bullets. If an enemy’s bullet left the screen, the enemy can shoot a new bullet. Not earlier. But for the moment, the enemies don't shoot. Not a single bullet. I guess their is something wrong with my Enemy class, but I can't find a bug and I get no error message. What is wrong? public class Map { Texture2D myEnemy, myBullet ; Player Player; List<Enemy> enemieslist = new List<Enemy>(); List<Bullet> bulletslist = new List<Bullet>(); float fNextEnemy = 0.0f; float fEnemyFreq = 3.0f; int fMaxEnemy = 3 ; Vector2 Startposition = new Vector2(200, 200); GraphicsDeviceManager graphicsDevice; public Map(GraphicsDeviceManager device) { graphicsDevice = device; } public void Load(ContentManager content) { myEnemy = content.Load<Texture2D>("enemy"); myBullet = content.Load<Texture2D>("bullet"); Player = new Player(graphicsDevice); Player.Load(content); } public void Update(GameTime gameTime) { Player.Update(gameTime); float delta = (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds; for(int i = enemieslist.Count - 1; i >= 0; i--) { // Update Enemy Enemy enemy = enemieslist[i]; enemy.Update(gameTime, this.graphicsDevice, Player.playershape.Position, delta); // Try to remove an enemy if (enemy.Remove == true) { enemieslist.Remove(enemy); enemy.Remove = false; } } this.fNextEnemy += delta; //New enemy if (fMaxEnemy > 0) { if ((this.fNextEnemy >= fEnemyFreq) && (enemieslist.Count < 3)) { Vector2 enemyDirection = Vector2.Normalize(Player.playershape.Position - Startposition) * 100f; enemieslist.Add(new Enemy(Startposition, enemyDirection, Player.playershape.Position)); fMaxEnemy -= 1; fNextEnemy -= fEnemyFreq; } } } public void Draw(SpriteBatch batch) { Player.Draw(batch); foreach (Enemy enemies in enemieslist) { enemies.Draw(batch, myEnemy); } foreach (Bullet bullets in bulletslist) { bullets.Draw(batch, myBullet); } } } public class Enemy { List<Bullet> bulletslist = new List<Bullet>(); private float nextShot = 0; private float shotFrequency = 2.0f; Vector2 vPos; Vector2 vMove; Vector2 vPlayer; public bool Remove; public bool Shot; public Enemy(Vector2 Pos, Vector2 Move, Vector2 Player) { this.vPos = Pos; this.vMove = Move; this.vPlayer = Player; this.Remove = false; this.Shot = false; } public void Update(GameTime gameTime, GraphicsDeviceManager graphics, Vector2 PlayerPos, float delta) { nextShot += delta; for (int i = bulletslist.Count - 1; i >= 0; i--) { // Update Bullet Bullet bullets = bulletslist[i]; bullets.Update(gameTime, graphics, delta); // Try to remove a bullet... Collision, hit, or outside screen. if (bullets.Remove == true) { bulletslist.Remove(bullets); bullets.Remove = false; } } if (nextShot >= shotFrequency) { this.Shot = true; nextShot -= shotFrequency; } // Does the enemy shot? if ((Shot == true) && (bulletslist.Count < 1)) // New bullet { Vector2 bulletDirection = Vector2.Normalize(PlayerPos - this.vPos) * 200f; bulletslist.Add(new Bullet(this.vPos, bulletDirection, PlayerPos)); Shot = false; } if (!Remove) { this.vMove = Vector2.Normalize(PlayerPos - this.vPos) * 100f; this.vPos += this.vMove * delta; if (this.vPos.X > graphics.PreferredBackBufferWidth + 1) { this.Remove = true; } else if (this.vPos.X < -20) { this.Remove = true; } if (this.vPos.Y > graphics.PreferredBackBufferHeight + 1) { this.Remove = true; } else if (this.vPos.Y < -20) { this.Remove = true; } } } public void Draw(SpriteBatch batch, Texture2D myTexture) { if (!Remove) { batch.Draw(myTexture, this.vPos, Color.White); } } } public class Bullet { Vector2 vPos; Vector2 vMove; Vector2 vPlayer; public bool Remove; public Bullet(Vector2 Pos, Vector2 Move, Vector2 Player) { this.Remove = false; this.vPos = Pos; this.vMove = Move; this.vPlayer = Player; } public void Update(GameTime gameTime, GraphicsDeviceManager graphics, float delta) { if (!Remove) { this.vPos += this.vMove * delta; if (this.vPos.X > graphics.PreferredBackBufferWidth +1) { this.Remove = true; } else if (this.vPos.X < -20) { this.Remove = true; } if (this.vPos.Y > graphics.PreferredBackBufferHeight +1) { this.Remove = true; } else if (this.vPos.Y < -20) { this.Remove = true; } } } public void Draw(SpriteBatch spriteBatch, Texture2D myTexture) { if (!Remove) { spriteBatch.Draw(myTexture, this.vPos, Color.White); } } }

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Re: Help with Boost Grammar

- by Decmac04

I have redesigned and extended the grammar I asked about earlier as shown below: // BIFAnalyser.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application. // // /*============================================================================= Copyright (c) Temitope Jos Onunkun 2010 http://www.dcs.kcl.ac.uk/pg/onun/ Use, modification and distribution is subject to the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) =============================================================================*/ //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // // // B Machine parser using the Boost "Grammar" and "Semantic Actions". // // // //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// include include include include include include //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// using namespace std; using namespace boost::spirit; //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // // Semantic Actions // //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // // namespace { //semantic action function on individual lexeme void do_noint(char const* start, char const* end) { string str(start, end); if (str != "NAT1") cout << "PUSH(" << str << ')' << endl; } //semantic action function on addition of lexemes void do_add(char const*, char const*) { cout << "ADD" << endl; // for(vector::iterator vi = strVect.begin(); vi < strVect.end(); ++vi) // cout << *vi << " "; } //semantic action function on subtraction of lexemes void do_subt(char const*, char const*) { cout << "SUBTRACT" << endl; } //semantic action function on multiplication of lexemes void do_mult(char const*, char const*) { cout << "\nMULTIPLY" << endl; } //semantic action function on division of lexemes void do_div(char const*, char const*) { cout << "\nDIVIDE" << endl; } // // vector flowTable; //semantic action function on simple substitution void do_sSubst(char const* start, char const* end) { string str(start, end); //use boost tokenizer to break down tokens typedef boost::tokenizer Tokenizer; boost::char_separator sep(" -+/*:=()",0,boost::drop_empty_tokens); // char separator definition Tokenizer tok(str, sep); Tokenizer::iterator tok_iter = tok.begin(); pair dependency; //create a pair object for dependencies //create a vector object to store all tokens vector dx; // int counter = 0; // tracks token position for(tok.begin(); tok_iter != tok.end(); ++tok_iter) //save all tokens in vector { dx.push_back(*tok_iter ); } counter = dx.size(); // vector d_hat; //stores set of dependency pairs string dep; //pairs variables as string object // dependency.first = *tok.begin(); vector FV; for(int unsigned i=1; i < dx.size(); i++) { // if(!atoi(dx.at(i).c_str()) && (dx.at(i) !=" ")) { dependency.second = dx.at(i); dep = dependency.first + "|-" + dependency.second + " "; d_hat.push_back(dep); vector<string> row; row.push_back(dependency.first); //push x_hat into first column of each row for(unsigned int j=0; j<2; j++) { row.push_back(dependency.second);//push an element (column) into the row } flowTable.push_back(row); //Add the row to the main vector } } //displays internal representation of information flow table cout << "\n****************\nDependency Table\n****************\n"; cout << "X_Hat\tDx\tG_Hat\n"; cout << "-----------------------------\n"; for(unsigned int i=0; i < flowTable.size(); i++) { for(unsigned int j=0; j<2; j++) { cout << flowTable[i][j] << "\t "; } if (*tok.begin() != "WHILE" ) //if there are no global flows, cout << "\t{}"; //display empty set cout << "\n"; } cout << "***************\n\n"; for(int unsigned j=0; j < FV.size(); j++) { if(FV.at(j) != dependency.second) dep = dependency.first + "|-" + dependency.second + " "; d_hat.push_back(dep); } cout << "PUSH(" << str << ')' << endl; cout << "\n*******\nDependency pairs\n*******\n"; for(int unsigned i=0; i < d_hat.size(); i++) cout << d_hat.at(i) << "\n...\n"; cout << "\nSIMPLE SUBSTITUTION\n\n"; } //semantic action function on multiple substitution void do_mSubst(char const* start, char const* end) { string str(start, end); cout << "PUSH(" << str << ')' << endl; //cout << "\nMULTIPLE SUBSTITUTION\n\n"; } //semantic action function on unbounded choice substitution void do_mChoice(char const* start, char const* end) { string str(start, end); cout << "PUSH(" << str << ')' << endl; cout << "\nUNBOUNDED CHOICE SUBSTITUTION\n\n"; } void do_logicExpr(char const* start, char const* end) { string str(start, end); //use boost tokenizer to break down tokens typedef boost::tokenizer Tokenizer; boost::char_separator sep(" -+/*=:()<",0,boost::drop_empty_tokens); // char separator definition Tokenizer tok(str, sep); Tokenizer::iterator tok_iter = tok.begin(); //pair dependency; //create a pair object for dependencies //create a vector object to store all tokens vector dx; for(tok.begin(); tok_iter != tok.end(); ++tok_iter) //save all tokens in vector { dx.push_back(*tok_iter ); } for(unsigned int i=0; i cout << "PUSH(" << str << ')' << endl; cout << "\nPREDICATE\n\n"; } void do_predicate(char const* start, char const* end) { string str(start, end); cout << "PUSH(" << str << ')' << endl; cout << "\nMULTIPLE PREDICATE\n\n"; } void do_ifSelectPre(char const* start, char const* end) { string str(start, end); //if cout << "PUSH(" << str << ')' << endl; cout << "\nPROTECTED SUBSTITUTION\n\n"; } //semantic action function on machine substitution void do_machSubst(char const* start, char const* end) { string str(start, end); cout << "PUSH(" << str << ')' << endl; cout << "\nMACHINE SUBSTITUTION\n\n"; } } //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // // Machine Substitution Grammar // //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Simple substitution grammar parser with integer values removed struct Substitution : public grammar { template struct definition { definition(Substitution const& ) { machine_subst = ( (simple_subst) | (multi_subst) | (if_select_pre_subst) | (unbounded_choice) )[&do_machSubst] ; unbounded_choice = str_p("ANY") ide_list str_p("WHERE") predicate str_p("THEN") machine_subst str_p("END") ; if_select_pre_subst = ( ( str_p("IF") predicate str_p("THEN") machine_subst *( str_p("ELSIF") predicate machine_subst ) !( str_p("ELSE") machine_subst) str_p("END") ) | ( str_p("SELECT") predicate str_p("THEN") machine_subst *( str_p("WHEN") predicate machine_subst ) !( str_p("ELSE") machine_subst) str_p("END")) | ( str_p("PRE") predicate str_p("THEN") machine_subst str_p("END") ) )[&do_ifSelectPre] ; multi_subst = ( (machine_subst) *( ( str_p("||") (machine_subst) ) | ( str_p("[]") (machine_subst) ) ) ) [&do_mSubst] ; simple_subst = (identifier str_p(":=") arith_expr) [&do_sSubst] ; expression = predicate | arith_expr ; predicate = ( (logic_expr) *( ( ch_p('&') (logic_expr) ) | ( str_p("OR") (logic_expr) ) ) )[&do_predicate] ; logic_expr = ( identifier (str_p("<") arith_expr) | (str_p("<") arith_expr) | (str_p("/:") arith_expr) | (str_p("<:") arith_expr) | (str_p("/<:") arith_expr) | (str_p("<<:") arith_expr) | (str_p("/<<:") arith_expr) | (str_p("<=") arith_expr) | (str_p("=") arith_expr) | (str_p("=") arith_expr) | (str_p("=") arith_expr) ) [&do_logicExpr] ; arith_expr = term *( ('+' term)[&do_add] | ('-' term)[&do_subt] ) ; term = factor ( ('' factor)[&do_mult] | ('/' factor)[&do_div] ) ; factor = lexeme_d[( identifier | +digit_p)[&do_noint]] | '(' expression ')' | ('+' factor) ; ide_list = identifier *( ch_p(',') identifier ) ; identifier = alpha_p +( alnum_p | ch_p('_') ) ; } rule machine_subst, unbounded_choice, if_select_pre_subst, multi_subst, simple_subst, expression, predicate, logic_expr, arith_expr, term, factor, ide_list, identifier; rule<ScannerT> const& start() const { return predicate; //return multi_subst; //return machine_subst; } }; }; //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // // Main program // //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// int main() { cout << "*********************************\n\n"; cout << "\t\t...Machine Parser...\n\n"; cout << "*********************************\n\n"; // cout << "Type an expression...or [q or Q] to quit\n\n"; string str; int machineCount = 0; char strFilename[256]; //file name store as a string object do { cout << "Please enter a filename...or [q or Q] to quit:\n\n "; //prompt for file name to be input //char strFilename[256]; //file name store as a string object cin strFilename; if(*strFilename == 'q' || *strFilename == 'Q') //termination condition return 0; ifstream inFile(strFilename); // opens file object for reading //output file for truncated machine (operations only) if (inFile.fail()) cerr << "\nUnable to open file for reading.\n" << endl; inFile.unsetf(std::ios::skipws); Substitution elementary_subst; // Simple substitution parser object string next; while (inFile str) { getline(inFile, next); str += next; if (str.empty() || str[0] == 'q' || str[0] == 'Q') break; parse_info< info = parse(str.c_str(), elementary_subst !end_p, space_p); if (info.full) { cout << "\n-------------------------\n"; cout << "Parsing succeeded\n"; cout << "\n-------------------------\n"; } else { cout << "\n-------------------------\n"; cout << "Parsing failed\n"; cout << "stopped at: " << info.stop << "\"\n"; cout << "\n-------------------------\n"; } } } while ( (*strFilename != 'q' || *strFilename !='Q')); return 0; } However, I am experiencing the following unexpected behaviours on testing: The text files I used are: f1.txt, ... containing ...: debt:=(LoanRequest+outstandingLoan1)*20 . f2.txt, ... containing ...: debt:=(LoanRequest+outstandingLoan1)*20 || newDebt := loanammount-paidammount || price := purchasePrice + overhead + bb . f3.txt, ... containing ...: yy < (xx+7+ww) . f4.txt, ... containing ...: yy < (xx+7+ww) & yy : NAT . When I use multi_subst as start rule both files (f1 and f2) are parsed correctly; When I use machine_subst as start rule file f1 parse correctly, while file f2 fails, producing the error: “Parsing failed stopped at: || newDebt := loanammount-paidammount || price := purchasePrice + overhead + bb” When I use predicate as start symbol, file f3 parse correctly, but file f4 yields the error: “ “Parsing failed stopped at: & yy : NAT” Can anyone help with the grammar, please? It appears there are problems with the grammar that I have so far been unable to spot.

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Help with Boost Grammar

- by Decmanc04

I have been using the following win32 console code to try to parse a B Machine Grammar embedded within C++ using Boost Spirit grammar template. I am a relatively new Boost user. The code compiles, but when I run the .exe file produced by VC++2008, the program partially parses the input file. I believe the problem is with my grammar definition or the functions attached as semantic atctions. The code is given below: // BIFAnalyser.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application. // // /*============================================================================= Copyright (c) Temitope Jos Onunkun 2010 http://www.dcs.kcl.ac.uk/pg/onun/ Use, modification and distribution is subject to the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) =============================================================================*/ //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // // // B Machine parser using the Boost "Grammar" and "Semantic Actions". // // // //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// #include <boost/spirit/core.hpp> #include <boost/tokenizer.hpp> #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <fstream> #include <vector> #include <utility> /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// using namespace std; using namespace boost::spirit; /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // // Semantic actions // //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// vector<string> strVect; namespace { //semantic action function on individual lexeme void do_noint(char const* str, char const* end) { string s(str, end); if(atoi(str)) { ; } else { strVect.push_back(s); cout << "PUSH(" << s << ')' << endl; } } //semantic action function on addition of lexemes void do_add(char const*, char const*) { cout << "ADD" << endl; for(vector<string>::iterator vi = strVect.begin(); vi < strVect.end(); ++vi) cout << *vi << " "; } //semantic action function on subtraction of lexemes void do_subt(char const*, char const*) { cout << "SUBTRACT" << endl; for(vector<string>::iterator vi = strVect.begin(); vi < strVect.end(); ++vi) cout << *vi << " "; } //semantic action function on multiplication of lexemes void do_mult(char const*, char const*) { cout << "\nMULTIPLY" << endl; for(vector<string>::iterator vi = strVect.begin(); vi < strVect.end(); ++vi) cout << *vi << " "; cout << "\n"; } //semantic action function on division of lexemes void do_div(char const*, char const*) { cout << "\nDIVIDE" << endl; for(vector<string>::iterator vi = strVect.begin(); vi < strVect.end(); ++vi) cout << *vi << " "; } //semantic action function on simple substitution void do_sSubst(char const* str, char const* end) { string s(str, end); //use boost tokenizer to break down tokens typedef boost::tokenizer<boost::char_separator<char> > Tokenizer; boost::char_separator<char> sep("-+/*:=()"); // default char separator Tokenizer tok(s, sep); Tokenizer::iterator tok_iter = tok.begin(); pair<string, string > dependency; //create a pair object for dependencies //save first variable token in simple substitution dependency.first = *tok.begin(); //create a vector object to store all tokens vector<string> dx; // for( ; tok_iter != tok.end(); ++tok_iter) //save all tokens in vector { dx.push_back(*tok_iter ); } vector<string> d_hat; //stores set of dependency pairs string dep; //pairs variables as string object for(int unsigned i=1; i < dx.size()-1; i++) { dependency.second = dx.at(i); dep = dependency.first + "|->" + dependency.second + " "; d_hat.push_back(dep); } cout << "PUSH(" << s << ')' << endl; for(int unsigned i=0; i < d_hat.size(); i++) cout <<"\n...\n" << d_hat.at(i) << " "; cout << "\nSIMPLE SUBSTITUTION\n"; } //semantic action function on multiple substitution void do_mSubst(char const* str, char const* end) { string s(str, end); //use boost tokenizer to break down tokens typedef boost::tokenizer<boost::char_separator<char> > Tok; boost::char_separator<char> sep("-+/*:=()"); // default char separator Tok tok(s, sep); Tok::iterator tok_iter = tok.begin(); // string start = *tok.begin(); vector<string> mx; for( ; tok_iter != tok.end(); ++tok_iter) //save all tokens in vector { mx.push_back(*tok_iter ); } mx.push_back("END\n"); //add a marker "end" for(unsigned int i=0; i<mx.size(); i++) { // if(mx.at(i) == "END" || mx.at(i) == "||" ) // break; // else if( mx.at(i) == "||") // do_sSubst(str, end); // else // { // do_sSubst(str, end); // } cout << "\nTokens ... " << mx.at(i) << " "; } cout << "PUSH(" << s << ')' << endl; cout << "MULTIPLE SUBSTITUTION\n"; } } //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // // Simple Substitution Grammar // //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Simple substitution grammar parser with integer values removed struct Substitution : public grammar<Substitution> { template <typename ScannerT> struct definition { definition(Substitution const& ) { multi_subst = (simple_subst [&do_mSubst] >> +( str_p("||") >> simple_subst [&do_mSubst]) ) ; simple_subst = (Identifier >> str_p(":=") >> expression)[&do_sSubst] ; Identifier = alpha_p >> +alnum_p//[do_noint] ; expression = term >> *( ('+' >> term)[&do_add] | ('-' >> term)[&do_subt] ) ; term = factor >> *( ('*' >> factor)[&do_mult] | ('/' >> factor)[&do_div] ) ; factor = lexeme_d[( (alpha_p >> +alnum_p) | +digit_p)[&do_noint]] | '(' >> expression >> ')' | ('+' >> factor) ; } rule<ScannerT> expression, term, factor, Identifier, simple_subst, multi_subst ; rule<ScannerT> const& start() const { return multi_subst; } }; }; //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // // Main program // //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// int main() { cout << "************************************************************\n\n"; cout << "\t\t...Machine Parser...\n\n"; cout << "************************************************************\n\n"; // cout << "Type an expression...or [q or Q] to quit\n\n"; //prompt for file name to be input cout << "Please enter a filename...or [q or Q] to quit:\n\n "; char strFilename[256]; //file name store as a string object cin >> strFilename; ifstream inFile(strFilename); // opens file object for reading //output file for truncated machine (operations only) Substitution elementary_subst; // Simple substitution parser object string str, next; // inFile.open(strFilename); while (inFile >> str) { getline(cin, next); str += next; if (str.empty() || str[0] == 'q' || str[0] == 'Q') break; parse_info<> info = parse(str.c_str(), elementary_subst, space_p); if (info.full) { cout << "\n-------------------------\n"; cout << "Parsing succeeded\n"; cout << "\n-------------------------\n"; } else { cout << "\n-------------------------\n"; cout << "Parsing failed\n"; cout << "stopped at: \": " << info.stop << "\"\n"; cout << "\n-------------------------\n"; } } cout << "Please enter a filename...or [q or Q] to quit\n"; cin >> strFilename; return 0; } The contents of the file I tried to parse, which I named "mf7.txt" is given below: debt:=(LoanRequest+outstandingLoan1)*20 || newDebt := loanammount-paidammount The output when I execute the program is: ************************************************************ ...Machine Parser... ************************************************************ Please enter a filename...or [q or Q] to quit: c:\tplat\mf7.txt PUSH(LoanRequest) PUSH(outstandingLoan1) ADD LoanRequest outstandingLoan1 MULTIPLY LoanRequest outstandingLoan1 PUSH(debt:=(LoanRequest+outstandingLoan1)*20) ... debt|->LoanRequest ... debt|->outstandingLoan1 SIMPLE SUBSTITUTION Tokens ... debt Tokens ... LoanRequest Tokens ... outstandingLoan1 Tokens ... 20 Tokens ... END PUSH(debt:=(LoanRequest+outstandingLoan1)*20) MULTIPLE SUBSTITUTION ------------------------- Parsing failedstopped at: ": " ------------------------- My intention is to capture only the variables in the file, which I managed to do up to the "||" string. Clearly, the program is not parsing beyond the "||" string in the input file. I will appreciate assistance to fix the grammar. SOS, please.

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How to compile a C++ source code written for Linux/Unix on Windows Vista (code given)

- by HTMZ

I have a c++ source code that was written in linux/unix environment by some other author. It gives me errors when i compile it in windows vista environment. I am using Bloodshed Dev C++ v 4.9. please help. #include <iostream.h> #include <map> #include <vector> #include <string> #include <string.h> #include <strstream> #include <unistd.h> #include <stdlib.h> using namespace std; template <class T> class PrefixSpan { private: vector < vector <T> > transaction; vector < pair <T, unsigned int> > pattern; unsigned int minsup; unsigned int minpat; unsigned int maxpat; bool all; bool where; string delimiter; bool verbose; ostream *os; void report (vector <pair <unsigned int, int> > &projected) { if (minpat > pattern.size()) return; // print where & pattern if (where) { *os << "<pattern>" << endl; // what: if (all) { *os << "<freq>" << pattern[pattern.size()-1].second << "</freq>" << endl; *os << "<what>"; for (unsigned int i = 0; i < pattern.size(); i++) *os << (i ? " " : "") << pattern[i].first; } else { *os << "<what>"; for (unsigned int i = 0; i < pattern.size(); i++) *os << (i ? " " : "") << pattern[i].first << delimiter << pattern[i].second; } *os << "</what>" << endl; // where *os << "<where>"; for (unsigned int i = 0; i < projected.size(); i++) *os << (i ? " " : "") << projected[i].first; *os << "</where>" << endl; *os << "</pattern>" << endl; } else { // print found pattern only if (all) { *os << pattern[pattern.size()-1].second; for (unsigned int i = 0; i < pattern.size(); i++) *os << " " << pattern[i].first; } else { for (unsigned int i = 0; i < pattern.size(); i++) *os << (i ? " " : "") << pattern[i].first << delimiter << pattern[i].second; } *os << endl; } } void project (vector <pair <unsigned int, int> > &projected) { if (all) report(projected); map <T, vector <pair <unsigned int, int> > > counter; for (unsigned int i = 0; i < projected.size(); i++) { int pos = projected[i].second; unsigned int id = projected[i].first; unsigned int size = transaction[id].size(); map <T, int> tmp; for (unsigned int j = pos + 1; j < size; j++) { T item = transaction[id][j]; if (tmp.find (item) == tmp.end()) tmp[item] = j ; } for (map <T, int>::iterator k = tmp.begin(); k != tmp.end(); ++k) counter[k->first].push_back (make_pair <unsigned int, int> (id, k->second)); } for (map <T, vector <pair <unsigned int, int> > >::iterator l = counter.begin (); l != counter.end (); ) { if (l->second.size() < minsup) { map <T, vector <pair <unsigned int, int> > >::iterator tmp = l; tmp = l; ++tmp; counter.erase (l); l = tmp; } else { ++l; } } if (! all && counter.size () == 0) { report (projected); return; } for (map <T, vector <pair <unsigned int, int> > >::iterator l = counter.begin (); l != counter.end(); ++l) { if (pattern.size () < maxpat) { pattern.push_back (make_pair <T, unsigned int> (l->first, l->second.size())); project (l->second); pattern.erase (pattern.end()); } } } public: PrefixSpan (unsigned int _minsup = 1, unsigned int _minpat = 1, unsigned int _maxpat = 0xffffffff, bool _all = false, bool _where = false, string _delimiter = "/", bool _verbose = false): minsup(_minsup), minpat (_minpat), maxpat (_maxpat), all(_all), where(_where), delimiter (_delimiter), verbose (_verbose) {}; ~PrefixSpan () {}; istream& read (istream &is) { string line; vector <T> tmp; T item; while (getline (is, line)) { tmp.clear (); istrstream istrs ((char *)line.c_str()); while (istrs >> item) tmp.push_back (item); transaction.push_back (tmp); } return is; } ostream& run (ostream &_os) { os = &_os; if (verbose) *os << transaction.size() << endl; vector <pair <unsigned int, int> > root; for (unsigned int i = 0; i < transaction.size(); i++) root.push_back (make_pair (i, -1)); project (root); return *os; } void clear () { transaction.clear (); pattern.clear (); } }; int main (int argc, char **argv) { extern char *optarg; unsigned int minsup = 1; unsigned int minpat = 1; unsigned int maxpat = 0xffffffff; bool all = false; bool where = false; string delimiter = "/"; bool verbose = false; string type = "string"; int opt; while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "awvt:M:m:L:d:")) != -1) { switch(opt) { case 'a': all = true; break; case 'w': where = true; break; case 'v': verbose = true; break; case 'm': minsup = atoi (optarg); break; case 'M': minpat = atoi (optarg); break; case 'L': maxpat = atoi (optarg); break; case 't': type = string (optarg); break; case 'd': delimiter = string (optarg); break; default: cout << "Usage: " << argv[0] << " [-m minsup] [-M minpat] [-L maxpat] [-a] [-w] [-v] [-t type] [-d delimiter] < data .." << endl; return -1; } } if (type == "int") { PrefixSpan<unsigned int> prefixspan (minsup, minpat, maxpat, all, where, delimiter, verbose); prefixspan.read (cin); prefixspan.run (cout); }else if (type == "short") { PrefixSpan<unsigned short> prefixspan (minsup, minpat, maxpat, all, where, delimiter, verbose); prefixspan.read (cin); prefixspan.run (cout); } else if (type == "char") { PrefixSpan<unsigned char> prefixspan (minsup, minpat, maxpat, all, where, delimiter, verbose); prefixspan.read (cin); prefixspan.run (cout); } else if (type == "string") { PrefixSpan<string> prefixspan (minsup, minpat, maxpat, all, where, delimiter, verbose); prefixspan.read (cin); prefixspan.run (cout); } else { cerr << "Unknown Item Type: " << type << " : choose from [string|int|short|char]" << endl; return -1; } return 0; }

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Find vertices of a convex hull

- by Jeff Bullard

I am attempting to do this within CGAL. From a 3D point cloud, find the convex hull, then loop over the finite facets of the convex hull and print each facet's vertices. It seems like there should be a straightforward way to do this; I would have expected that 3D polyhedra would own a vector of facet objects, each of which in turn would own a vector of its edges, each of which in turn would own a vector of its vertices, and that their would be some access through this hierarchy using iterators. But so far I have been unable to find a simple way to navigate through this hierarchy (if it exists).

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What's the most efficient way to find barycentric coordinates?

- by bobobobo

In my profiler, finding barycentric coordinates is apparently somewhat of a bottleneck. I am looking to make it more efficient. It follows the method in shirley, where you compute the area of the triangles formed by embedding the point P inside the triangle. Code: Vector Triangle::getBarycentricCoordinatesAt( const Vector & P ) const { Vector bary ; // The area of a triangle is real areaABC = DOT( normal, CROSS( (b - a), (c - a) ) ) ; real areaPBC = DOT( normal, CROSS( (b - P), (c - P) ) ) ; real areaPCA = DOT( normal, CROSS( (c - P), (a - P) ) ) ; bary.x = areaPBC / areaABC ; // alpha bary.y = areaPCA / areaABC ; // beta bary.z = 1.0f - bary.x - bary.y ; // gamma return bary ; } This method works, but I'm looking for a more efficient one!

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Confusion about Rotation matrices from Euler Angles

- by xEnOn

I am trying to learn more about Euler Angles so as to help myself in understanding how I can control my camera better in the game. I came across the following formula that converts Euler Angles to rotation matrices: In the equation, I could see that the first matrix from the left is the rotation matrix about x-axis, the second is about y-axis and the third is about z-axis. From my understanding about ordinary matrix transformations, the later transformation is always applied to the right hand side. And if I'm right about this, then the above equation should have a rotation order starting from rotating about z-axis, y-axis, then finally x-axis. But, from the symbols it seems that the rotation order start rotating about x-axis, then y-axis, then finally z-axis. What should the actual order of the rotation be? Also, I am confuse about if the input vector, in this case, would be a row vector on the left, or a column vector on the right?

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How access PhysicalMaterial from Actor Class?

- by EmAdpres

I use Projectile for my weapon system and UDKProjectile has two main function to handle Hit of projectiles(=bullet of my weapon): simulated function ProcessTouch(Actor Other, Vector HitLocation, Vector HitNormal) // For Actors simulated event HitWall(vector HitNormal, actor Wall, PrimitiveComponent WallComp) // Everything except Actors ( I guess) the first method, the function just give me the actor which I hit and my question is How I can get that actor's physical material by first parameter ( Other ), in order to make a proper react about it ( for example a proper Sound of collide ) ... A tricky (but hateful ) way which I knew works is, make a Trace from a little back of that actor to that actor, and use HitInfo parameter which include physical Material ! But there should be a more standard way !

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Several classes need to access the same data, where should the data be declared?

- by Juicy

I have a basic 2D tower defense game in C++. Each map is a separate class which inherits from GameState. The map delegates the logic and drawing code to each object in the game and sets data such as the map path. In pseudo-code the logic section might look something like this: update(): for each creep in creeps: creep.update() for each tower in towers: tower.update() for each missile in missiles: missile.update() The objects (creeps, towers and missiles) are stored in vector-of-pointers. The towers must have access to the vector-of-creeps and the vector-of-missiles to create new missiles and identify targets. The question is: where do I declare the vectors? Should they be members of the Map class, and passed as arguments to the tower.update() function? Or declared globally? Or are there other solutions I'm missing entirely?

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box2d and constant movement

- by Arnas

i'm developing a game with a top down view, the players body is a circle. To move the character you need to tap on the screen and it moves to the spot. To achieve this i'm saving the coordinate of the touch and call a method every frame which applies linear velocity to the body with a vector of the direction the body should go _body->SetLinearVelocity(b2Vec2((a.x - currPos.x)/SPEED_RATIO,(size.height - a.y - currPos.y)/SPEED_RATIO)); //click position - current position, screen height - click position (since the y axis is flipped, (0,0) is in the bottom left ) - current position = vector of the direction we want to go now the problem with this is that the body slows down until it finally stops when getting closer to the point we want it to go, since the closer we are to that point the lenght of the vector gets smaller. Besides that i've read that it's bad practice to set linear velocity in box2d and i should use apply force instead, but that way the forces would add up and overshoot the target where it's supposed to stop. So what i'm asking is how to move a box2d body to a coordinate in constant speed.

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Elastic Collision Formula in Java

- by Shijima

I'm trying to write a Java formula based on this tutorial: 2-D elastic collisions without Trigonometry. I am in the section "Elastic Collisions in 2 Dimensions". In step 1, it mentions "Next, find the unit vector of n, which we will call un. This is done by dividing by the magnitude of n". My below code represents the normal vector of 2 objects (I'm using a simple array to represent the normal vector), but I am not really sure what the tutorial means by dividing the magnitude of n to get the un. int[] normal = new int[2]; normal[0] = ball2.x - ball1.x; normal[1] = ball2.y - ball1.y; Can anyone please explain what un is, and how I can calculate it with my array in Java?

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fresh installation of PGF/TikZ crashes, why?

- by Vincenzo

I have a clean CentOS 5.5 machine with tetex installed. Next, I installed PGF/TikZ: wget http://media.texample.net/pgf/builds/pgfCVS2010-06-02_TDS.zip unzip pgfCVS2010-06-02_TDS.zip \cp -r tex /usr/share/texmf texhash I'm trying to compile a simple document and this is what I'm getting: $ latex test.tex This is pdfeTeX, Version 3.141592-1.21a-2.2 (Web2C 7.5.4) entering extended mode (./test.tex LaTeX2e <2003/12/01> .. skipped .. (/usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/pgf/frontendlayer/tikz.sty (/usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/pgf/pgf.sty (/usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/graphics/graphicx.sty (/usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/graphics/graphics.sty (/usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/graphics/trig.sty) (/usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/graphics/graphics.cfg)))) (/usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/pgf/utilities/pgffor.sty (/usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/pgf/utilities/pgfrcs.sty (/usr/share/texmf/tex/generic/pgf/utilities/pgfutil-common.tex) (/usr/share/texmf/tex/generic/pgf/utilities/pgfutil-latex.def) (/usr/share/texmf/tex/generic/pgf/utilities/pgfrcs.code.tex)) (/usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/pgf/utilities/pgfkeys.sty (/usr/share/texmf/tex/generic/pgf/utilities/pgfkeys.code.tex (/usr/share/texmf/tex/generic/pgf/utilities/pgfkeysfiltered.code.tex))) (/usr/share/texmf/tex/generic/pgf/utilities/pgffor.code.tex)) (/usr/share/texmf/tex/generic/pgf/frontendlayer/tikz/tikz.code.tex (/usr/share/texmf/tex/generic/pgf/libraries/pgflibraryplothandlers.code.tex ! Undefined control sequence. \pgfsetplottension ...ttension {\pgf@sys@tonumber \pgf@x } l.104 \pgfsetplottension{0.5} ? I failed to find any clues in the net about this problem. On other servers I don't such a problem. Could anyone help please? Thanks! ps. Btw, I tried another build of PGF/TikZ, the older one, no luck :(

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ActionScript Drag and Drop Display Objects With Mask And Filter?

- by TheDarkIn1978

i've created a sprite to drag and drop around the stage. the sprite is masked and has it's mask as it's child so that it too will drag along with the sprite. everything works fine until i add a drop shadow filter to the sprite. when the drop shadow is added, i can only mousedown to drag and mouseup to drop the sprite if the mouse events occur within the original location of the sprite when it was added to the stage. how can i fix this problem? could this be an issue with 10.1? if not what am i doing wrong? var thumbMask:Sprite = new Sprite(); thumbMask.graphics.beginFill(0, 1); thumbMask.graphics.drawRoundRect(0, 0, 100, 75, 25, 25); thumbMask.graphics.endFill(); var thumb:Sprite = new Sprite(); thumb.graphics.beginFill(0x0000FF, 1); thumb.graphics.drawRect(0, 0, 100, 75); thumb.graphics.endFill(); thumb.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_DOWN, drag); thumb.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_UP, drop); thumb.filters = [new DropShadowFilter(0, 0, 0, 1, 20, 20, 1.0, 3)]; thumb.addChild(thumbMask); thumb.mask = thumbMask; addChild(thumb) function drag(evt:MouseEvent):void { evt.target.startDrag(); trace("drag"); } function drop(evt:MouseEvent):void { evt.target.stopDrag(); trace("drop"); }

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Dereferencing possible null pointer in java

- by Nealio

I am just starting to get into graphics and when I am trying to get the graphics, I get the error"Exception in thread "Thread-2" java.lang.NullPointerException" and I have no clue on what is going on! Any help is greatly appreciated. //The display class for the game //Crated: 10-30-2013 //Last Modified: 10-30-2013 package gamedev; import gamedev.Graphics.Render; import gamedev.Graphics.Screen; import java.awt.Canvas; import java.awt.Dimension; import java.awt.Graphics; import java.awt.Toolkit; import java.awt.image.BufferStrategy; import java.awt.image.BufferedImage; import java.awt.image.DataBufferInt; import javax.swing.JFrame; private void tick() { } private void render() { System.out.println("display.render"); BufferStrategy bs = this.getBufferStrategy(); if (bs == null) { createBufferStrategy(3); } for (int i = 0; i < GAMEWIDTH * GAMEHEIGHT; i++) { pixels[i] = screen.PIXELS[i]; } screen.Render(); //The line of code that is the problem Graphics g = bs.getDrawGraphics(); //end problematic code g.drawImage(img, 0, 0, GAMEWIDTH, GAMEHEIGHT, null); g.dispose(); bs.show(); }

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Macbook (non-pro, late 2010) Power Management Issues relating to Nvidia-Current drivers

- by gbvitaobscura

I have tried many potential solutions but to no avail! (this is going to be a long post) Essentially, when I first install ubuntu (I have tested 10.11-12.04 beta) I can change the brightness of the macbook backlight. One of the first things I usually do once my machine finishes installing is enter "sudo apt-get install nvidia-current" into the terminal to get my Nvidia graphics card set up. Before I install nvidia-current power management works flawlessly. After installing nvidia-current my graphics driver works mostly properly (more on that later). When I press F1 or F2 notify osd pops up and shows icon for the backlight along with a meter which changes according to how much I press F1 or F2, but the backlight does not change brightness at all. Two supplementary facts: when I am running off of battery power the backlight does not dim ever, also changing the backlight brightness through the terminal does not work (it recognizes the command but changes nothing). Things which did not work: 1. editing xorg.conf 2. python script/hack 3. editing grub Things which did work: 1. removing Nvidia-Current Final piece of information: Although my graphics card works in every way but Power Management it can not be found through System Settings/Details (Graphics Unknown) I'm using the NVIDIA GeForce 320M. the output of lspci is: 00:00.0 Host bridge: NVIDIA Corporation MCP89 HOST Bridge (rev a1) 00:00.1 RAM memory: NVIDIA Corporation MCP89 Memory Controller (rev a1) 00:01.0 RAM memory: NVIDIA Corporation Device 0d6d (rev a1) 00:01.1 RAM memory: NVIDIA Corporation Device 0d6e (rev a1) 00:01.2 RAM memory: NVIDIA Corporation Device 0d6f (rev a1) 00:01.3 RAM memory: NVIDIA Corporation Device 0d70 (rev a1) 00:02.0 RAM memory: NVIDIA Corporation Device 0d71 (rev a1) 00:02.1 RAM memory: NVIDIA Corporation Device 0d72 (rev a1) 00:03.0 ISA bridge: NVIDIA Corporation MCP89 LPC Bridge (rev a2) 00:03.1 RAM memory: NVIDIA Corporation MCP89 Memory Controller (rev a1) 00:03.2 SMBus: NVIDIA Corporation MCP89 SMBus (rev a1) 00:03.3 RAM memory: NVIDIA Corporation MCP89 Memory Controller (rev a1) 00:03.4 Co-processor: NVIDIA Corporation MCP89 Co-Processor (rev a1) 00:04.0 USB controller: NVIDIA Corporation MCP89 OHCI USB 1.1 Controller (rev a1) 00:04.1 USB controller: NVIDIA Corporation MCP89 EHCI USB 2.0 Controller (rev a2) 00:06.0 USB controller: NVIDIA Corporation MCP89 OHCI USB 1.1 Controller (rev a1) 00:06.1 USB controller: NVIDIA Corporation MCP89 EHCI USB 2.0 Controller (rev a2) 00:08.0 Audio device: NVIDIA Corporation MCP89 High Definition Audio (rev a2) 00:09.0 Ethernet controller: NVIDIA Corporation MCP89 Ethernet (rev a1) 00:0a.0 IDE interface: NVIDIA Corporation MCP89 SATA Controller (rev a2) 00:0b.0 RAM memory: NVIDIA Corporation Device 0d75 (rev a1) 00:15.0 PCI bridge: NVIDIA Corporation Device 0d9b (rev a1) 00:17.0 PCI bridge: NVIDIA Corporation MCP89 PCI Express Bridge (rev a1) 01:00.0 Network controller: Broadcom Corporation BCM43224 802.11a/b/g/n (rev 01) 02:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation Device 08a0 (rev a2) There is a very similar bug on Launchpad which I have posted below. https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/nvidia-graphics-drivers/+bug/764195

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Ubuntu 12.4.1 failing in vm both Vbox and Vmware on new HP Envy 4t-1000

- by Chas

Brand new to Linux, getting frustrated trying to get an environment up with Ubuntu. My primary goal is to learn Linux and Apache/PHP development. I need to keep my Windows OS as main on my machine for work, so i'm trying to virtualize Ubuntu 12.4.1 without luck (many attempts). I have a new HP Envy 4t-1000 with 16gb ram, and 32 gb ssd caching with 500gb spindle hard drive. Graphics card is an Intel HD 3000 with AMD Radeon 7670M. With installing Ubuntu desktop in VBox, I'm getting this result: https://forums.virtualbox.org/viewtopic.php?f=6&t=51939 With VMware workstation 7 (patched), I complete the install of Ubuntu, it reboots, purple desktop briefly flashes then it drops to command line. I bought a beginning Ubuntu book, and it recommends trying to manually configure graphics if this happens. So I tried doing a safe boot holding shift - I get to the first screen (GRUB) loads fine, and I choose recovery mode. After choosing the recovery mode, I get the recovery mode options, and can arrow down to what the book suggests 'Run in fail safe graphic mode.' Once I select this option, I get a black screen with a large white dialogue box, at the top it says "The system is running in low-graphics mode. Your screen, graphics card, and input device settings could not be detected correctly. You will need to configure these yourself." Then there is an ok button way down at the bottom. When I select 'ok' I get a menu for a few options, book recommended 'reconfigure graphics.' When I try this, I get a menu of two options: 1) "Use generic (default) configuration or 2) use backup. I've tried both options several times, hitting ok just refreshes screen and nothing more. Rebooting at this point just goes back to command line as before. I don't know what to do at this point, I've spent too many hours this weekend trying in both VBox and VMware to get Ubuntu going. Isn't there like a very basic graphic display or something I can use to at least get into the desktop? I explored the GRUB some more, and tried to look at the startup and xserver logs - both are blank. No help there I guess? When I try to choose 'Edit the configuration file, then 'ok' screen just refreshes on same menu options, nothing happens. thx for any advice. I really need to focus on learning Linux, Apache and PHP, so perhaps Ubuntu just won't work on my hardware? Any other suggestions? I will need to virtualize - THANKS for any help/advice.

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Can we identify individual sectors of a circle component uniquely in flex?

- by Angeline Aarthi

I have a custom circle component in my application, which is divided into 3 sectors as of now.Can we uniquely identify each segments of this circle? I want to drag and drop text or images from another container to this circle component. But I want to place different images in the different sectors. Is it possible to distinguish the individual sectors of the circle component? Here is my code: <mx:TabNavigator width="624" height="100%"> <mx:VBox id="currQuote" label="Currents Quote" width="100%"> <comp:MyCircle x1="175" y1="150" radius="150"/> <comp:MyCircle x1="175" y1="150" radius="120"/> <comp:MyCircle x1="175" y1="150" radius="25"/> <comp:MyLine x1="160" y1="122"/> </mx:VBox> <mx:VBox label="Quote Comparison" width="100%"/> <mx:VBox label="Reports" width="100%"/> </mx:TabNavigator> Circle component: package components { import mx.core.UIComponent; public class MyCircle extends UIComponent { public var x1:int; public var y1:int; public var radius:int; override protected function updateDisplayList(unscaledWidth:Number, unscaledHeight:Number):void { graphics.lineStyle(1, 0x000000); graphics.drawCircle(x1, y1, radius); } } } Line component: package components { import mx.core.UIComponent; public class MyLine extends UIComponent { public var x1:int; public var y1:int; override protected function updateDisplayList(unscaledWidth:Number, unscaledHeight:Number):void { graphics.lineStyle(1, 0x000000); graphics.moveTo(100,0); graphics.lineTo(x1, y1); graphics.moveTo(250,0); graphics.lineTo(185,120); } } } Actually I want the circle to be divided into 6 sectors, but for now just divided it into 3 sectors. But is it possible to uniqulely identify the individual sectors of the circle so that I can drag different images or texts into those particular sectors?

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Java Animation Memory Overload [on hold]

- by user2425429

I need a way to reduce the memory usage of these programs while keeping the functionality. Every time I add 50 milliseconds or so to the set&display loop in AnimationTest1, it throws an out of memory error. Here is the code I have now: import java.awt.DisplayMode; import java.awt.Graphics; import java.awt.Graphics2D; import java.awt.Image; import java.awt.Polygon; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import java.util.concurrent.Executor; import java.util.concurrent.Executors; import javax.swing.ImageIcon; public class AnimationTest1 { public static void main(String args[]) { AnimationTest1 test = new AnimationTest1(); test.run(); } private static final DisplayMode POSSIBLE_MODES[] = { new DisplayMode(800, 600, 32, 0), new DisplayMode(800, 600, 24, 0), new DisplayMode(800, 600, 16, 0), new DisplayMode(640, 480, 32, 0), new DisplayMode(640, 480, 24, 0), new DisplayMode(640, 480, 16, 0) }; private static final long DEMO_TIME = 4000; private ScreenManager screen; private Image bgImage; private Animation anim; public void loadImages() { // create animation List<Polygon> polygons=new ArrayList(); int[] x=new int[]{20,4,4,20,40,56,56,40}; int[] y=new int[]{20,32,40,44,44,40,32,20}; polygons.add(new Polygon(x,y,8)); anim = new Animation(); //# of frames long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); long currTimer = startTime; long elapsedTime = 0; boolean animated = false; Graphics2D g = screen.getGraphics(); int width=200; int height=200; //set&display loop while (currTimer - startTime < DEMO_TIME*2) { //draw the polygons if(!animated){ for(int j=0; j<polygons.size();j++){ for(int pos=0; pos<polygons.get(j).npoints; pos++){ polygons.get(j).xpoints[pos]+=1; } } anim.setNewPolyFrame(polygons , width , height , 64); } else{ // update animation anim.update(elapsedTime); draw(g); g.dispose(); screen.update(); try{ Thread.sleep(20); } catch(InterruptedException ie){} } if(currTimer - startTime == DEMO_TIME) animated=true; elapsedTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - currTimer; currTimer += elapsedTime; } } public void run() { screen = new ScreenManager(); try { DisplayMode displayMode = screen.findFirstCompatibleMode(POSSIBLE_MODES); screen.setFullScreen(displayMode); loadImages(); } finally { screen.restoreScreen(); } } public void draw(Graphics g) { // draw background g.drawImage(bgImage, 0, 0, null); // draw image g.drawImage(anim.getImage(), 0, 0, null); } } ScreenManager: import java.awt.Color; import java.awt.DisplayMode; import java.awt.Graphics; import java.awt.Graphics2D; import java.awt.GraphicsConfiguration; import java.awt.GraphicsDevice; import java.awt.GraphicsEnvironment; import java.awt.Toolkit; import java.awt.Window; import java.awt.event.KeyListener; import java.awt.event.MouseListener; import java.awt.image.BufferStrategy; import java.awt.image.BufferedImage; import javax.swing.JFrame; import javax.swing.JPanel; public class ScreenManager extends JPanel { private GraphicsDevice device; /** Creates a new ScreenManager object. */ public ScreenManager() { GraphicsEnvironment environment=GraphicsEnvironment.getLocalGraphicsEnvironment(); device = environment.getDefaultScreenDevice(); setBackground(Color.white); } /** Returns a list of compatible display modes for the default device on the system. */ public DisplayMode[] getCompatibleDisplayModes() { return device.getDisplayModes(); } /** Returns the first compatible mode in a list of modes. Returns null if no modes are compatible. */ public DisplayMode findFirstCompatibleMode( DisplayMode modes[]) { DisplayMode goodModes[] = device.getDisplayModes(); for (int i = 0; i < modes.length; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < goodModes.length; j++) { if (displayModesMatch(modes[i], goodModes[j])) { return modes[i]; } } } return null; } /** Returns the current display mode. */ public DisplayMode getCurrentDisplayMode() { return device.getDisplayMode(); } /** Determines if two display modes "match". Two display modes match if they have the same resolution, bit depth, and refresh rate. The bit depth is ignored if one of the modes has a bit depth of DisplayMode.BIT_DEPTH_MULTI. Likewise, the refresh rate is ignored if one of the modes has a refresh rate of DisplayMode.REFRESH_RATE_UNKNOWN. */ public boolean displayModesMatch(DisplayMode mode1, DisplayMode mode2) { if (mode1.getWidth() != mode2.getWidth() || mode1.getHeight() != mode2.getHeight()) { return false; } if (mode1.getBitDepth() != DisplayMode.BIT_DEPTH_MULTI && mode2.getBitDepth() != DisplayMode.BIT_DEPTH_MULTI && mode1.getBitDepth() != mode2.getBitDepth()) { return false; } if (mode1.getRefreshRate() != DisplayMode.REFRESH_RATE_UNKNOWN && mode2.getRefreshRate() != DisplayMode.REFRESH_RATE_UNKNOWN && mode1.getRefreshRate() != mode2.getRefreshRate()) { return false; } return true; } /** Enters full screen mode and changes the display mode. If the specified display mode is null or not compatible with this device, or if the display mode cannot be changed on this system, the current display mode is used. <p> The display uses a BufferStrategy with 2 buffers. */ public void setFullScreen(DisplayMode displayMode) { JFrame frame = new JFrame(); frame.setUndecorated(true); frame.setIgnoreRepaint(true); frame.setResizable(true); device.setFullScreenWindow(frame); if (displayMode != null && device.isDisplayChangeSupported()) { try { device.setDisplayMode(displayMode); } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) { } } frame.createBufferStrategy(2); Graphics g=frame.getGraphics(); g.setColor(Color.white); g.drawRect(0, 0, frame.WIDTH, frame.HEIGHT); frame.paintAll(g); g.setColor(Color.black); g.dispose(); } /** Gets the graphics context for the display. The ScreenManager uses double buffering, so applications must call update() to show any graphics drawn. <p> The application must dispose of the graphics object. */ public Graphics2D getGraphics() { Window window = device.getFullScreenWindow(); if (window != null) { BufferStrategy strategy = window.getBufferStrategy(); return (Graphics2D)strategy.getDrawGraphics(); } else { return null; } } /** Updates the display. */ public void update() { Window window = device.getFullScreenWindow(); if (window != null) { BufferStrategy strategy = window.getBufferStrategy(); if (!strategy.contentsLost()) { strategy.show(); } } // Sync the display on some systems. // (on Linux, this fixes event queue problems) Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().sync(); } /** Returns the window currently used in full screen mode. Returns null if the device is not in full screen mode. */ public Window getFullScreenWindow() { return device.getFullScreenWindow(); } /** Returns the width of the window currently used in full screen mode. Returns 0 if the device is not in full screen mode. */ public int getWidth() { Window window = device.getFullScreenWindow(); if (window != null) { return window.getWidth(); } else { return 0; } } /** Returns the height of the window currently used in full screen mode. Returns 0 if the device is not in full screen mode. */ public int getHeight() { Window window = device.getFullScreenWindow(); if (window != null) { return window.getHeight(); } else { return 0; } } /** Restores the screen's display mode. */ public void restoreScreen() { Window window = device.getFullScreenWindow(); if (window != null) { window.dispose(); } device.setFullScreenWindow(null); } /** Creates an image compatible with the current display. */ public BufferedImage createCompatibleImage(int w, int h, int transparency) { Window window = device.getFullScreenWindow(); if (window != null) { GraphicsConfiguration gc = window.getGraphicsConfiguration(); return gc.createCompatibleImage(w, h, transparency); } return null; } } Animation: import java.awt.Color; import java.awt.Graphics; import java.awt.Graphics2D; import java.awt.Image; import java.awt.Polygon; import java.awt.image.BufferedImage; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; /** The Animation class manages a series of images (frames) and the amount of time to display each frame. */ public class Animation { private ArrayList frames; private int currFrameIndex; private long animTime; private long totalDuration; /** Creates a new, empty Animation. */ public Animation() { frames = new ArrayList(); totalDuration = 0; start(); } /** Adds an image to the animation with the specified duration (time to display the image). */ public synchronized void addFrame(BufferedImage image, long duration){ ScreenManager s = new ScreenManager(); totalDuration += duration; frames.add(new AnimFrame(image, totalDuration)); } /** Starts the animation over from the beginning. */ public synchronized void start() { animTime = 0; currFrameIndex = 0; } /** Updates the animation's current image (frame), if necessary. */ public synchronized void update(long elapsedTime) { if (frames.size() >= 1) { animTime += elapsedTime; /*if (animTime >= totalDuration) { animTime = animTime % totalDuration; currFrameIndex = 0; }*/ while (animTime > getFrame(0).endTime) { frames.remove(0); } } } /** Gets the Animation's current image. Returns null if this animation has no images. */ public synchronized Image getImage() { if (frames.size() > 0&&!(currFrameIndex>=frames.size())) { return getFrame(currFrameIndex).image; } else{ System.out.println("There are no frames!"); System.exit(0); } return null; } private AnimFrame getFrame(int i) { return (AnimFrame)frames.get(i); } private class AnimFrame { Image image; long endTime; public AnimFrame(Image image, long endTime) { this.image = image; this.endTime = endTime; } } public void setNewPolyFrame(List<Polygon> polys,int imagewidth,int imageheight,int time){ BufferedImage image=new BufferedImage(imagewidth, imageheight, 1); Graphics g=image.getGraphics(); for(int i=0;i<polys.size();i++){ g.drawPolygon(polys.get(i)); } addFrame(image,time); g.dispose(); } }

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How can I have multiple layers in my map array?

- by Manl400

How do I load Levels in my game, as in Layer 1 would be Objects, Layer 2 would be Characters and so on. I only need 3 layers, and they will all be put on top of each other. i.e having a flower with a transparent background to be put on grass or dirt on the layer below.I would like to Read From the same file too. How would i go about doing this? Any help would be appreciated. I load the map from a level file which are just numbers corresponding to a tile in the tilesheet. Here is the level file [Layer1] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 [Layer2] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 [Layer3] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 And here is the code that interprets it void LoadMap(const char *filename, std::vector< std::vector <int> > &map) { std::ifstream openfile(filename); if(openfile.is_open()) { std::string line, value; int space; while(!openfile.eof()) { std::getline(openfile, line); if(line.find("[TileSet]") != std::string::npos) { state = TileSet; continue; } else if (line.find("[Layer1]") != std::string::npos) { state = Map; continue; } switch(state) { case TileSet: if(line.length() > 0) tileSet = al_load_bitmap(line.c_str()); break; case Map: std::stringstream str(line); std::vector<int> tempVector; while(!str.eof()) { std::getline(str, value, ' '); if(value.length() > 0) tempVector.push_back(atoi(value.c_str())); } map.push_back(tempVector); break; } } } else { } } and this is how it draws the map. Also the tile sheet is 1280 by 1280 and the tilesizeX and tilesizeY is 64 void DrawMap(std::vector <std::vector <int> > map) { int mapRowCount = map.size(); for(int i, j = 0; i < mapRowCount; i ++) { int mapColCount = map[i].size(); for (int j = 0; j < mapColCount; ++j) { int tilesetIndex = map[i][j]; int tilesetRow = floor(tilesetIndex / TILESET_COLCOUNT); int tilesetCol = tilesetIndex % TILESET_COLCOUNT; al_draw_bitmap_region(tileSet, tilesetCol * TileSizeX, tilesetRow * TileSizeY, TileSizeX, TileSizeY, j * TileSizeX, i * TileSizeX, NULL); } } } EDIT: http://i.imgur.com/Ygu0zRE.jpg

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Animation Color [on hold]

- by user2425429

I'm having problems in my java program for animation. I'm trying to draw a hexagon with a shape similar to that of a trapezoid. Then, I'm making it move to the right for a certain amount of time (DEMO_TIME). Animation and ScreenManager are "API" classes, and AnimationTest1 is a demo. In my test program, it runs with a black screen and white stroke color. I'd like to know why this happened and how to fix it. I'm a beginner, so I apologize for this question being stupid to all you game programmers. Here is the code I have now: import java.awt.DisplayMode; import java.awt.Graphics; import java.awt.Graphics2D; import java.awt.Image; import java.awt.Polygon; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import java.util.concurrent.Executor; import java.util.concurrent.Executors; import javax.swing.ImageIcon; public class AnimationTest1 { public static void main(String args[]) { AnimationTest1 test = new AnimationTest1(); test.run(); } private static final DisplayMode POSSIBLE_MODES[] = { new DisplayMode(800, 600, 32, 0), new DisplayMode(800, 600, 24, 0), new DisplayMode(800, 600, 16, 0), new DisplayMode(640, 480, 32, 0), new DisplayMode(640, 480, 24, 0), new DisplayMode(640, 480, 16, 0) }; private static final long DEMO_TIME = 4000; private ScreenManager screen; private Image bgImage; private Animation anim; public void loadImages() { // create animation List<Polygon> polygons=new ArrayList(); int[] x=new int[]{20,4,4,20,40,56,56,40}; int[] y=new int[]{20,32,40,44,44,40,32,20}; polygons.add(new Polygon(x,y,8)); anim = new Animation(); //# of frames long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); long currTimer = startTime; long elapsedTime = 0; boolean animated = false; Graphics2D g = screen.getGraphics(); int width=200; int height=200; while (currTimer - startTime < DEMO_TIME*2) { //draw the polygons if(!animated){ for(int j=0; j<polygons.size();j++){ for(int pos=0; pos<polygons.get(j).npoints; pos++){ polygons.get(j).xpoints[pos]+=1; } } anim.setNewPolyFrame(polygons , width , height , 64); } else{ // update animation anim.update(elapsedTime); draw(g); g.dispose(); screen.update(); try{ Thread.sleep(20); } catch(InterruptedException ie){} } if(currTimer - startTime == DEMO_TIME) animated=true; elapsedTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - currTimer; currTimer += elapsedTime; } } public void run() { screen = new ScreenManager(); try { DisplayMode displayMode = screen.findFirstCompatibleMode(POSSIBLE_MODES); screen.setFullScreen(displayMode); loadImages(); } finally { screen.restoreScreen(); } } public void draw(Graphics g) { // draw background g.drawImage(bgImage, 0, 0, null); // draw image g.drawImage(anim.getImage(), 0, 0, null); } } ScreenManager: import java.awt.Color; import java.awt.DisplayMode; import java.awt.Graphics; import java.awt.Graphics2D; import java.awt.GraphicsConfiguration; import java.awt.GraphicsDevice; import java.awt.GraphicsEnvironment; import java.awt.Toolkit; import java.awt.Window; import java.awt.event.KeyListener; import java.awt.event.MouseListener; import java.awt.image.BufferStrategy; import java.awt.image.BufferedImage; import javax.swing.JFrame; import javax.swing.JPanel; public class ScreenManager extends JPanel { private GraphicsDevice device; /** Creates a new ScreenManager object. */ public ScreenManager() { GraphicsEnvironment environment=GraphicsEnvironment.getLocalGraphicsEnvironment(); device = environment.getDefaultScreenDevice(); setBackground(Color.white); } /** Returns a list of compatible display modes for the default device on the system. */ public DisplayMode[] getCompatibleDisplayModes() { return device.getDisplayModes(); } /** Returns the first compatible mode in a list of modes. Returns null if no modes are compatible. */ public DisplayMode findFirstCompatibleMode( DisplayMode modes[]) { DisplayMode goodModes[] = device.getDisplayModes(); for (int i = 0; i < modes.length; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < goodModes.length; j++) { if (displayModesMatch(modes[i], goodModes[j])) { return modes[i]; } } } return null; } /** Returns the current display mode. */ public DisplayMode getCurrentDisplayMode() { return device.getDisplayMode(); } /** Determines if two display modes "match". Two display modes match if they have the same resolution, bit depth, and refresh rate. The bit depth is ignored if one of the modes has a bit depth of DisplayMode.BIT_DEPTH_MULTI. Likewise, the refresh rate is ignored if one of the modes has a refresh rate of DisplayMode.REFRESH_RATE_UNKNOWN. */ public boolean displayModesMatch(DisplayMode mode1, DisplayMode mode2) { if (mode1.getWidth() != mode2.getWidth() || mode1.getHeight() != mode2.getHeight()) { return false; } if (mode1.getBitDepth() != DisplayMode.BIT_DEPTH_MULTI && mode2.getBitDepth() != DisplayMode.BIT_DEPTH_MULTI && mode1.getBitDepth() != mode2.getBitDepth()) { return false; } if (mode1.getRefreshRate() != DisplayMode.REFRESH_RATE_UNKNOWN && mode2.getRefreshRate() != DisplayMode.REFRESH_RATE_UNKNOWN && mode1.getRefreshRate() != mode2.getRefreshRate()) { return false; } return true; } /** Enters full screen mode and changes the display mode. If the specified display mode is null or not compatible with this device, or if the display mode cannot be changed on this system, the current display mode is used. <p> The display uses a BufferStrategy with 2 buffers. */ public void setFullScreen(DisplayMode displayMode) { JFrame frame = new JFrame(); frame.setUndecorated(true); frame.setIgnoreRepaint(true); frame.setResizable(true); device.setFullScreenWindow(frame); if (displayMode != null && device.isDisplayChangeSupported()) { try { device.setDisplayMode(displayMode); } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) { } } frame.createBufferStrategy(2); Graphics g=frame.getGraphics(); g.setColor(Color.white); g.drawRect(0, 0, frame.WIDTH, frame.HEIGHT); frame.paintAll(g); g.setColor(Color.black); g.dispose(); } /** Gets the graphics context for the display. The ScreenManager uses double buffering, so applications must call update() to show any graphics drawn. <p> The application must dispose of the graphics object. */ public Graphics2D getGraphics() { Window window = device.getFullScreenWindow(); if (window != null) { BufferStrategy strategy = window.getBufferStrategy(); return (Graphics2D)strategy.getDrawGraphics(); } else { return null; } } /** Updates the display. */ public void update() { Window window = device.getFullScreenWindow(); if (window != null) { BufferStrategy strategy = window.getBufferStrategy(); if (!strategy.contentsLost()) { strategy.show(); } } // Sync the display on some systems. // (on Linux, this fixes event queue problems) Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().sync(); } /** Returns the window currently used in full screen mode. Returns null if the device is not in full screen mode. */ public Window getFullScreenWindow() { return device.getFullScreenWindow(); } /** Returns the width of the window currently used in full screen mode. Returns 0 if the device is not in full screen mode. */ public int getWidth() { Window window = device.getFullScreenWindow(); if (window != null) { return window.getWidth(); } else { return 0; } } /** Returns the height of the window currently used in full screen mode. Returns 0 if the device is not in full screen mode. */ public int getHeight() { Window window = device.getFullScreenWindow(); if (window != null) { return window.getHeight(); } else { return 0; } } /** Restores the screen's display mode. */ public void restoreScreen() { Window window = device.getFullScreenWindow(); if (window != null) { window.dispose(); } device.setFullScreenWindow(null); } /** Creates an image compatible with the current display. */ public BufferedImage createCompatibleImage(int w, int h, int transparency) { Window window = device.getFullScreenWindow(); if (window != null) { GraphicsConfiguration gc = window.getGraphicsConfiguration(); return gc.createCompatibleImage(w, h, transparency); } return null; } } Animation: import java.awt.Color; import java.awt.Graphics; import java.awt.Graphics2D; import java.awt.Image; import java.awt.Polygon; import java.awt.image.BufferedImage; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; /** The Animation class manages a series of images (frames) and the amount of time to display each frame. */ public class Animation { private ArrayList frames; private int currFrameIndex; private long animTime; private long totalDuration; /** Creates a new, empty Animation. */ public Animation() { frames = new ArrayList(); totalDuration = 0; start(); } /** Adds an image to the animation with the specified duration (time to display the image). */ public synchronized void addFrame(BufferedImage image, long duration){ ScreenManager s = new ScreenManager(); totalDuration += duration; frames.add(new AnimFrame(image, totalDuration)); } /** Starts the animation over from the beginning. */ public synchronized void start() { animTime = 0; currFrameIndex = 0; } /** Updates the animation's current image (frame), if necessary. */ public synchronized void update(long elapsedTime) { if (frames.size() >= 1) { animTime += elapsedTime; /*if (animTime >= totalDuration) { animTime = animTime % totalDuration; currFrameIndex = 0; }*/ while (animTime > getFrame(0).endTime) { frames.remove(0); } } } /** Gets the Animation's current image. Returns null if this animation has no images. */ public synchronized Image getImage() { if (frames.size() > 0&&!(currFrameIndex>=frames.size())) { return getFrame(currFrameIndex).image; } else{ System.out.println("There are no frames!"); System.exit(0); } return null; } private AnimFrame getFrame(int i) { return (AnimFrame)frames.get(i); } private class AnimFrame { Image image; long endTime; public AnimFrame(Image image, long endTime) { this.image = image; this.endTime = endTime; } } public void setNewPolyFrame(List<Polygon> polys,int imagewidth,int imageheight,int time){ BufferedImage image=new BufferedImage(imagewidth, imageheight, 1); Graphics g=image.getGraphics(); for(int i=0;i<polys.size();i++){ g.drawPolygon(polys.get(i)); } addFrame(image,time); g.dispose(); } }

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OO Design - polymorphism - how to design for handing streams of different file types

- by Kache4

I've little experience with advanced OO practices, and I want to design this properly as an exercise. I'm thinking of implementing the following, and I'm asking if I'm going about this the right way. I have a class PImage that holds the raw data and some information I need for an image file. Its header is currently something like this: #include <boost/filesytem.hpp> #include <vector> namespace fs = boost::filesystem; class PImage { public: PImage(const fs::path& path, const unsigned char* buffer, int bufferLen); const vector<char> data() const { return data_; } const char* rawData() const { return &data_[0]; } /*** other assorted accessors ***/ private: fs::path path_; int width_; int height_; int filesize_; vector<char> data_; } I want to fill the width_ and height_ by looking through the file's header. The trivial/inelegant solution would be to have a lot of messy control flow that identifies the type of image file (.gif, .jpg, .png, etc) and then parse the header accordingly. Instead of using vector<char> data_, I was thinking of having PImage use a class, RawImageStream data_ that inherits from vector<char>. Each type of file I plan to support would then inherit from RawImageStream, e.g. RawGifStream, RawPngStream. Each RawXYZStream would encapsulate the respective header-parsing functions, and PImage would only have to do something like height_ = data_.getHeight();. Am I thinking this through correctly? How would I create the proper RawImageStream subclass for data_ to be in the PImage ctor? Is this where I could use an object factory? Anything I'm forgetting?

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rand() generating the same number – even with srand(time(NULL)) in my main!

- by Nick Sweet

So, I'm trying to create a random vector (think geometry, not an expandable array), and every time I call my random vector function I get the same x value, thought y and z are different. int main () { srand ( (unsigned)time(NULL)); Vector<double> a; a.randvec(); cout << a << endl; return 0; } using the function //random Vector template <class T> void Vector<T>::randvec() { const int min=-10, max=10; int randx, randy, randz; const int bucket_size = RAND_MAX/(max-min); do randx = (rand()/bucket_size)+min; while (randx <= min && randx >= max); x = randx; do randy = (rand()/bucket_size)+min; while (randy <= min && randy >= max); y = randy; do randz = (rand()/bucket_size)+min; while (randz <= min && randz >= max); z = randz; } For some reason, randx will consistently return 8, whereas the other numbers seem to be following the (pseudo) randomness perfectly. However, if I put the call to define, say, randy before randx, randy will always return 8. Why is my first random number always 8? Am I seeding incorrectly?

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Boost tuple + transform

- by JH

Is it possible to do the following. Say my boost tuple has <String, int> I would like to use std::transform + mem_fun to insert only the String element in a corresponding vector. Is it possible or are we required to use a loop and push_back(get<0) Ie the following doesn't like to compile... (unknown types...) result.resize(storage.size()) std::transform(storage.begin(), storage.end(), result.begin(), std::mem_fun(&boost::get<0>)); Here is an example (trying one of the comments): #include <boost/tuple/tuple.hpp> #include <vector> #include <string> #include <algorithm> int main(int argc, char**argv) { std::vector< boost::tuple<std::string, int> > storage; std::vector< std::string> result; result.resize(storage.size()); std::transform(storage.begin(), storage.end(), result.begin(), &boost::get<0, boost::tuple<std::string, int> >); return 0; } Output: g++ test.cpp /usr/include/boost/tuple/detail/tuple_basic.hpp: In instantiation of `boost::tuples::cons<boost::tuples::tuple<std::string, int, boost::tuples::null_type, boost::tuples::null_type, boost::tuples::null_type, boost::tuples::null_type, boost::tuples::null_type, boost::tuples::null_type, boost::tuples::null_type, boost::tuples::null_type>, TT>': /usr/include/boost/tuple/detail/tuple_basic.hpp:151: instantiated from `boost::tuples::element<0, boost::tuples::cons<boost::tuples::tuple<std::string, int, boost::tuples::null_type, boost::tuples::null_type, boost::tuples::null_type, boost::tuples::null_type, boost::tuples::null_type, boost::tuples::null_type, boost::tuples::null_type, boost::tuples::null_type>, TT> >' test.cpp:14: instantiated from here /usr/include/boost/tuple/detail/tuple_basic.hpp:329: error: `boost::tuples::cons<HT, TT>::tail' has incomplete type /usr/include/boost/tuple/detail/tuple_basic.hpp:329: error: invalid use of template type parameter test.cpp: In function `int main(int, char**)': test.cpp:14: error: no matching function for call to `transform(__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<boost::tuples::tuple<std::string, int, boost::tuples::null_type, boost::tuples::null_type, boost::tuples::null_type, boost::tuples::null_type, boost::tuples::null_type, boost::tuples::null_type, boost::tuples::null_type, boost::tuples::null_type>*, std::vector<boost::tuples::tuple<std::string, int, boost::tuples::null_type, boost::tuples::null_type, boost::tuples::null_type, boost::tuples::null_type, boost::tuples::null_type, boost::tuples::null_type, boost::tuples::null_type, boost::tuples::null_type>, std::allocator<boost::tuples::tuple<std::string, int, boost::tuples::null_type, boost::tuples::null_type, boost::tuples::null_type, boost::tuples::null_type, boost::tuples::null_type, boost::tuples::null_type, boost::tuples::null_type, boost::tuples::null_type> > > >, __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<boost::tuples::tuple<std::string, int, boost::tuples::null_type, boost::tuples::null_type, boost::tuples::null_type, boost::tuples::null_type, boost::tuples::null_type, boost::tuples::null_type, boost::tuples::null_type, boost::tuples::null_type>*, std::vector<boost::tuples::tuple<std::string, int, boost::tuples::null_type, boost::tuples::null_type, boost::tuples::null_type, boost::tuples::null_type, boost::tuples::null_type, boost::tuples::null_type, boost::tuples::null_type, boost::tuples::null_type>, std::allocator<boost::tuples::tuple<std::string, int, boost::tuples::null_type, boost::tuples::null_type, boost::tuples::null_type, boost::tuples::null_type, boost::tuples::null_type, boost::tuples::null_type, boost::tuples::null_type, boost::tuples::null_type> > > >, __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::string*, std::vector<std::string, std::allocator<std::string> > >, <unresolved overloaded function type>)'

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