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• DNS Server Spoofed Request Amplification DDoS - Prevention

  - by Shackrock

  I've been conducting security scans, and a new one popped up for me: DNS Server Spoofed Request Amplification DDoS The remote DNS server answers to any request. It is possible to query the name servers (NS) of the root zone ('.') and get an answer which is bigger than the original request. By spoofing the source IP address, a remote attacker can leverage this 'amplification' to launch a denial of service attack against a third-party host using the remote DNS server. General Solution: Restrict access to your DNS server from public network or reconfigure it to reject such queries. I'm hosting my own DNS for my website. I'm not sure what the solution is here... I'm really looking for some concrete detailed steps to patch this, but haven't found any yet. Any ideas? CentOS5 with WHM and CPanel. Also see: http://securitytnt.com/dns-amplification-attack/

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• How do I debug this FS error on a flash device?

  - by abc

  I have console access to an embedded linux device. This device has flash memory part of which is partitioned as a FAT filesystem. Its running linux-2.6.31. However I am seeing these errors on the console these days and the FAT file system becomes read only. 111109:154925 FAT: Filesystem error (dev loop0) 111109:154925 fat_get_cluster: invalid cluster chain (i_pos 0) 111109:154925 FAT: Filesystem error (dev loop0) 111109:154925 fat_get_cluster: invalid cluster chain (i_pos 0) I cannot understand why this happened? What is the root cause? And what is the fix? I would appreciate answers that can point me how to investigate the possible root cause of this issue on the device.

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• Disable (or switch off) a network interface on windows but keep the "plug and play"

  - by Leandro

  I'm looking for a good workaround to do this on Windows 7 and Windows XP: Disable or make ineffective the network interface (ETH, WIFI, any NIC). If the user connect his ETH cable, the network interface enable again. Important Notes to take care: I'm working with wmic on Win7 (through the command line) I'm working with devcon on WinXP (through the command line) I'm specifically working with the .NET Framework 2.0 on C# but this is just for informational purposes. I know that an event won't help me to detect it (if there is a way or workaround to do this I don't know it). The real problem is that when I disable the NIC, I can't know if the user connects his cable or has a wired network. This is why I am looking for a workaround. I'll treat suggestions as answers if no direct answer exists. I'll provide any extra detail necessary.

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• How to see when stored procedures have last run

  - by Brandon Moore

  I want to see a listing of all the stored procs for each database on a server along with when the last time that store proc was run. I'm pretty good with SQL but I don't know about looking at stats like this that sql keeps so I'd appreciate a little help finding this info. EDIT: From the answers I'm getting it sounds like this is not possible the way I thought it would be. I was thinking that it could be done similarly to how you can see when a table was last accessed: select t.name, user_seeks, user_scans, user_lookups, user_updates, last_user_seek, last_user_scan, last_user_lookup, last_user_update from sys.dm_db_index_usage_stats i JOIN sys.tables t ON (t.object_id = i.object_id) where database_id = db_id() The above script was stolen from a comment on http://blog.sqlauthority.com/2009/05/09/sql-server-find-last-date-time-updated-for-any-table/.

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• Sustaining Dual Channel among many RAM modules

  - by Odys

  I'd like to know what are the factors that need to be set in order to sustain the Dual Channel mode. In a mobo with 4 DDR3 slots: Do I have to put pair of chips? Eg: If I put 3 identical chips only, will I have Dual channel or not? If I put 4 Ram chips that aren't from of same ventor/model, will I have the same latency among them (the highest of all)? Also, will I sustain Dual Channel mode? If one Ram has max frequency of 1033 and the other 3 chips are of 1300, will I have 1033Mhz for all chips and Dual Channel mode on? What if I put 2x4Gb and 2x8Gb chips (latency, Dual Channel)? Can I put 4Gb chips in slots 1 and 3 and 8Gb in slots 2 and 4 and still have dual channel mode enabled? (Some of the questions might sound silly but their answers aren't that clear to me) (Also, assume that there aren't any bottlenecks because of other parts on the system)

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• Postfix: how to use simple file for SASL authentication?

  - by Jonathan

  I'd like to run Postfix on a Debian VPS to send e-mails from my application. The application (running on other VPSes) would connect to Postfix via SMTP. Postfix does not have to handle incoming email; it's just about sending the outgoing messages. To prevent being an open relay, SASL authentication should be used. However, I don't want to run Dovecot or MySQL for SASL authentication. How can I setup SASL authentication using a simple file (containing usernames and passwords)? I already found a similar question; however, no satisfying answers where given there.

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• Network / Internet diagnostic tool to locate an error?

  - by Jesper

  Hi, I’m facing some difficulties with the Internet / network at my work and I have trouble locating the precise error and when and how it occurs. The problem is that the client machines in the house sporadic is disconnected to the Internet. I’m some what new so I haven’t that much inside in the network and apparently neither has my predecessor. What I am requesting and hoping you guys knows about is, if there exist some kind of network monitor tool I can install and run and it will periodically check the network, the Internet connection etc. and record to logs. Then, if there suddenly arises a problem some time of the day in some part of the network or the Internet connection, I can check it perhaps the next day. I’ve just downloaded and installed Microsoft Network Monitor 3.3 application and hopeful it can give me some answers on where the instability is located but I still would like a tool to make different checks and test in some time interval. Do anyone know about such a program or another kind of performance / diagnostic tool / method I can use? Sincere Jesper

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• Remapping Home/End from PC to Mac Via Synergy is not client specific.

  - by DtBeloBrown

  This question asks about the end key but the answers give no examples: http://superuser.com/questions/60052/what-key-works-like-end-using-a-mac-with-synergy If they had, I am guessing that they would likely have run into this problem. Adding lines like the bottom two of this: section: options keystroke(End) = keystroke(Control+Right,myiMac) keystroke(Home) = keystroke(Control+Left,myiMac) to my synergy.sgc in MyDocuments on the winXP machine would work but causes the keys to stop functioning on the winXP machine. Unacceptable. I next tried a compromise: keystroke(End) = keystroke(Control+Right,myiMac); keystroke(End,myPc) keystroke(Home) = keystroke(Control+Left,myiMac); keystroke(Home,myPc) Expecting that to broadcast the keystrokes to both machines regardless of which one was the Active Screen. That and many other variations did not work. What am I doing wrong? Has someone actually done this?

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• Log centralization, display, transport and aggregation at scale v2

  - by Eric DANNIELOU

  This is a duplicate question of Log transport and aggregation at scale and http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1737693/whats-the-best-practice-for-centralised-logging, but the answers might differ now : The softwares described in 2009 may have changed since (for example Octopussy evolved from version 0.9 to 1.0.5). Rsyslog has become the default on most linux distro. Requirements have changed (security, software configuration management, ...). I'd like to ask the following questions : How do you centralize, display and archive system logs? How would you like to do it now if you had to? Most linux distro use rsyslog nowadays, which can provide reliable log transport. But some older unices, network devices and maybe windows box still use old udp rfc-style transport. How did you manage to get reliable transport? Storing logs for a few months can represent a huge amount of disk space. How do you store them? rdbms? Compressed and encrypted text files?

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• Nginx's speed, and how to replicate it [migrated]

  - by Mediocre Gopher

  I'm interested in this from more than an academic standpoint rather than a practical standpoint; I don't plan on creating a production webserver to compete with nginx. What I'm wondering is how exactly nginx is so fast. The top google response for this is this thread, but it merely links to a cryptic slideshow and a general covering of different io strategies. All other results seem to simply describe how fast nginx is, rather then the reason. I tried building a simple erlang server to try to compete with nginx, but to no avail; nginx won out. All my server does is spawn a new process for each request, uses that process to read the file to a socket, then closes the file and kills the thread. It's not complicated, but given erlang's lightweight processes and underlying aio structure I thought it would compete, but nginx still wins out by a consistent 300 ms average under a heavy stress test. What is nginx doing that my simple server isn't? My first thought would be keeping files in main memory instead of tossing them between requests, but the filesystem cache does this already so I didn't think it would make that great of difference. Am I wrong? Or is there something else that I'm missing?

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• Does my motherboard support dual-core processors?

  - by Filip

  Hi there! I'm very confused about my motherboard (ConRoe945PL-GLAN) It's manual says, that i can use only some kind of ConRoe processors. But some pages on internet says that i can plug in almost everything. For ex.: aria.co.uk says that i can plug in even Core 2 Duo. It would be awesome if i would not have to buy new motherboard! Anyway, if my motherboard will not let me to plug in Core 2 Duo, should i buy Pentium 4 (very cheap) with 3,2 GHz and insanely overclock it to have some performance or buy new motherboard + new processor for big money? THX for any answers! =)

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• virtualbox snapshot size

  - by intuited

  I've started using Windows 7 under VirtualBox on an Ubuntu 10.10 host. I took about 6 snapshots over the course of setting up the VM from the Windows restore image that came with the computer. My installations were more or less limited to windows updates, antivirus, and the VB Guest Additions. I uninstalled much more than I installed. The VM was running for about 24 hours total. The snapshots increased in size at a worrisome rate, even when the machine was idle: the snapshot .vdi file for the period between 11:22 PM and 9:02 AM is 6 gigs in size; during that time very little happened. The other .vdi files are between 0.5 and 3 GB, most between 1 and 2 GB. The corresponding .sav files are between 0.5 and 1 GB. The Internet connection where I was doing this is limited to 30KB/s download, which, constantly saturated, works out to less than 3 GB per 24 hour period. Is this normal? Is there something that can be done to make snapshots more practical? update On starting up the VM again, I've noticed that mscorsvw is using significant processing time. Apparently this process [precompiles .NET assemblies]. This may have been going on during the period when I was taking snapshots, which might explain some of the snapshot size increase. I would be somewhat surprised to learn that this could be responsible for over 10 GB of additional disk usage, or that it would run for roughly 24 hours. Is this possible?

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• How to reset MacOsX while keeping BootCamp?

  - by ss814

  I have MacOsX 10.8.2 installed on my MacBook Pro and Windows 8 licenced on a BootCamp partition. I have messed up my MacOsx partition (problems while programming, .h files not found, old applications removed that still appears) and I wanna start back from a clean OS. Is there a Way to reset my partition (or reinstall, obviously) keeping my BootCamp partition safe ? I know I could use my recovery partition but I do not know if it won't delete my Windows and it no longer appears in disk utility. As I found no answers in the Internet, does someone how how to do that ? Thanks in advance.

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• Recommended apps for securing/protecting a new desktop machine install?

  - by Eddie Parker

  I'm hoping to harness the collective tips of superuser to gather recommended apps/configurations to keep a new desktop clean, virus free, and hopefully lower software rot. I ask because I've recently come across tools like dropbox, deepfreeze, returnil, etc, and I'm curious what other ones are out there to protect a new box. I personally am interested in Windows, but feel free to comment on whatever OS you'd like, freeware or otherwise. Ideally specify the OS in your answer(s). One answer per program please. Then, rather than duplicate posts, vote for the program if it is already listed. UPDATE: It's been noted that there are other questions similar to this one [1], so I'd ask that these answers focus on security and protection. [1] Related questions: http://superuser.com/questions/1241/what-are-some-must-have-windows-programs http://superuser.com/questions/1191/what-are-some-must-have-mac-os-x-programs http://superuser.com/questions/1430/must-have-linux-software http://superuser.com/questions/3855/must-have-networking-security-tools

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• NSD Daemon (DNS SERVER)

  - by Catalin

  While searching for a secure dns server I came across this http://www.nlnetlabs.nl/projects/nsd/ I was really impressed by what seemed to me the best option out there that's open source. One problem thought their 'tutorial' is really NOT noob friendly I have basic DNS knoledge but what's in there is out of my league. Any help in setting up this DNS server please ? I need to have multiple sites on this CentOs server I've recently got my hands on :). They also need to receive email. Details: I have a master host and would love to set this in the way described in the rows that follow: masterhost.com -> ns1.masterhost.com mail.masterhost.com www.masterhost.com addonhost.com -> ns1.masterhost.com mail.masterhost.com www.addonhost.com And so on, all answers and suggestions are welcomed, Thank you in advance.

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• Cheapest iSCSI SAN for Windows 2008/SQL Server clustering?

  - by MichaelGG

  Are there any production-quality iSCSI SANs suitable for use with Windows Server 2008/SQL Server for failover clustering? So far, I've only seen Dell's MD3000i, and HP's MSA 2000 (2012i), which both are around $6K with a minimal disk configuration. Buffalo (yea, I know), has a $1000 device with iSCSI support, but they say it will not work for 2008 failover clustering. I'm interested in seeing something suitable for failover in a production environment, but with very low IO requirements. (Clustering, say, a 30GB DB.) As for using software: On Windows, StarWind seems to have a great solution. But it's actually more money than buying a hardware SAN. (As I understand, only the enterprise edition supports having replicas, and that's $3000 a license.) I was thinking I could use Linux, something like DRBD + an iSCSI target would be fine. However, I haven't seen any free or low-cost iSCSI software that supports SCSI-3 persistent reservations, which Windows 2008 needs for failover clustering. I know $6K isn't much at all, just curious to see if there are practical cheaper solutions out there. And finally, yes, the software is expensive, but many small business get MS BizSpark, so the Windows 2008 Enterprise / SQL 2008 licenses are completely free.

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• My website is infected with JS:ScriptIP-inf [Trj]

  - by Rizwan Aaqil

  I am using Network Solutions hosting. I was recently attacked with JS:Illredir-S [Trj], I asked my hosting providers to clean it and they cleaned it and updated all passwords, but now after a week my site got infected again with JS:ScriptIP-inf [Trj]. Can anyone please suggest me how to secure my website properly ? Should I change my hosting provider ? I am fed up of these viruses again and again on my websites. I can't even find this virus in my files. Please post informative answers. Thanks

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• linux to linux, 10TB transfer?

  - by lostincode

  I've looked at all the previous similar questions, but the answers seemed to be all over the place and no one was moving a lot of data (100GB != 10TB). I've got about 10TB that I need to move from one raid to another, gigabit net, XFS file systems. My biggest concern is having the transfer die midway and not being able to resume easily. Speed would be nice, but ensuring transfer is much more important. Normally I'd just tar & netcat, but the raid I'm moving from has been super flaky as of late and I need to be able to recover and resume if it drops mid process. Should I be looking at rsync?

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• HDMI vs Component vs VGA vs DVI vs DisplayPort

  - by Nazadus

  What is the real benefits of all of these? From what I can understand, HDMI offers the ability to send audio along the same cable as well as the ability to do progressive scan. I've Googled but I can't seem to find any real answers. Why would someone care to run 1280x1024 over HDMI or DVI instead of VGA? What about component? All I hear is one is digital and one is analog, but I can't find what that means from a feature/benefit stand point.

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• How to crash a program

  - by user2949019

  I have a program called BlueCoat Proxy installed on my school issued laptop that basically blocks every second website on the Internet, including stack exchange, YouTube and yahoo answers. I do not have administrator rights, nor can I delete anything in program files, I tried every possible method of obtaining admin rights. It is not accessible in task manager (it doesn't even appear there). I tried to close it with Windows command prompt through commands like 'taskkill' but it returns 'Access is Denied' (I'm only denied access with that program). Does anyone know a method of crashing a program with a batch file or VB program? I was thinking something like the ping command, though for a program. Maybe automating 1000 meaningless requests to the program? Your input on the subject matter is appreciated, however telling me that this is wrong or illegal is not.

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• Engineers are using explosives to remove hard rock outside our office building. What countermeasures should we take?

  - by Karrax

  Our building is located approx. 100 meters from the explosive charges. They happen several times per day, and really shake the entire building a lot. This is going to go on for many days and the blasts are supposed to get stronger. Our server rooms are nothing fancy; one of them has all the racks on hard concrete while the other one has a raised floor (the one which allows the cables to go beneath it). Does anyone have any tips, countermeasures or best practices for us? Currently we are thinking of the following countermeasures: Daily report of the server rooms status lights (HD lights, power supplies and so on). Nightly check disk scan on the most important servers Order in extra supply of spare harddrives Edit: Many good answers here! However one needs to be accepted. The highest voted answer at the time of this edit will get their answer accepted.

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• WinSCP equivalent for Linux/Ubuntu

  - by Shashank

  I'm shifting most of my projects to a Linux machine, and one of the things that I miss is WinSCP. I've found other answers saying that nautilus, FileZilla etc. can be used for SFTP, but something that I loved about WinSCP was that it has two panes (FileZilla's got that) and I could start synchronization from any directory. Unison or Rsync could work, but I'd have to create a folder pair every time I want to sync two folders. Is there an SFTP client for Linux that has a two-paned view and allows ad-hoc synchronization? Thanks!

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• Subnet mask and how to resolve IP range [duplicate]

  - by user2789433

  This question already has an answer here: How does IPv4 Subnetting Work? 5 answers If you click on this link WHO IS query You will see the results from a who is query for a random IP address. On the line "inetnum": "122.4.0.0/14", What does it mean for the prefix to be 14? I am using this as a reference Subnet Mask Cheatsheet While resolving it, I get a very wide range which is something like 122.7.0.0-122.4.0.0 I am not able to understand how the IP range is calculate from the subnet mask and I am only able to find calculators online and not a method to solve it.

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• Paypal Express Checkout api credentials - How to store them properly?

  - by Sequence

  I've been searching the internet and I've come up with a lot of answers of how to store paypal API credentials(Used in Paypal Express Checkout.) They say to hash the credentials using salt. But what I don't understand is how and where to store the salt. If they get access to the salt, can't they just un-hash the credentials? That doesn't seem very secure to me. They say not to hard-code the API credentials, but any other way still seems really vulnerable. Thanks for taking the time to look at my questions. I'd really appreciate help.

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• [iTunes] Using custom ID3-Tags?

  - by shox

  Hi guys, I hope I am in the right forum for this question. I love foobar2000 on windows and have 2 custom Tags for my mp3s Rate and mood. Now I have to use a Mac to play my music and emulating foobar won't work, because foobar has to recreate its database every time it starts... ans thats about 2h of hahsing - no good. So is there any way to read out, order by and write custom tags with iTunes or any other, if possible free, mac app? Thanks for your answers.

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