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• Oracle Flashback Technologies - Overview

  - by Sridhar_R-Oracle

  Oracle Flashback Technologies - IntroductionIn his May 29th 2014 blog, my colleague Joe Meeks introduced Oracle Maximum Availability Architecture (MAA) and discussed both planned and unplanned outages. Let’s take a closer look at unplanned outages. These can be caused by physical failures (e.g., server, storage, network, file deletion, physical corruption, site failures) or by logical failures – cases where all components and files are physically available, but data is incorrect or corrupt. These logical failures are usually caused by human errors or application logic errors. This blog series focuses on these logical errors – what causes them and how to address and recover from them using Oracle Database Flashback. In this introductory blog post, I’ll provide an overview of the Oracle Database Flashback technologies and will discuss the features in detail in future blog posts. Let’s get started. We are all human beings (unless a machine is reading this), and making mistakes is a part of what we do…often what we do best!  We “fat finger”, we spill drinks on keyboards, unplug the wrong cables, etc.  In addition, many of us, in our lives as DBAs or developers, must have observed, caused, or corrected one or more of the following unpleasant events: Accidentally updated a table with wrong values !! Performed a batch update that went wrong - due to logical errors in the code !! Dropped a table !! How do DBAs typically recover from these types of errors? First, data needs to be restored and recovered to the point-in-time when the error occurred (incomplete or point-in-time recovery).  Moreover, depending on the type of fault, it’s possible that some services – or even the entire database – would have to be taken down during the recovery process.Apart from error conditions, there are other questions that need to be addressed as part of the investigation. For example, what did the data look like in the morning, prior to the error? What were the various changes to the row(s) between two timestamps? Who performed the transaction and how can it be reversed?  Oracle Database includes built-in Flashback technologies, with features that address these challenges and questions, and enable you to perform faster, easier, and convenient recovery from logical corruptions. HistoryFlashback Query, the first Flashback Technology, was introduced in Oracle 9i. It provides a simple, powerful and completely non-disruptive mechanism for data verification and recovery from logical errors, and enables users to view the state of data at a previous point in time.Flashback Technologies were further enhanced in Oracle 10g, to provide fast, easy recovery at the database, table, row, and even at a transaction level.Oracle Database 11g introduced an innovative method to manage and query long-term historical data with Flashback Data Archive. The 11g release also introduced Flashback Transaction, which provides an easy, one-step operation to back out a transaction. Oracle Database versions 11.2.0.2 and beyond further enhanced the performance of these features. Note that all the features listed here work without requiring any kind of restore operation.In addition, Flashback features are fully supported with the new multi-tenant capabilities introduced with Oracle Database 12c, Flashback Features Oracle Flashback Database enables point-in-time-recovery of the entire database without requiring a traditional restore and recovery operation. It rewinds the entire database to a specified point in time in the past by undoing all the changes that were made since that time.Oracle Flashback Table enables an entire table or a set of tables to be recovered to a point in time in the past.Oracle Flashback Drop enables accidentally dropped tables and all dependent objects to be restored.Oracle Flashback Query enables data to be viewed at a point-in-time in the past. This feature can be used to view and reconstruct data that was lost due to unintentional change(s) or deletion(s). This feature can also be used to build self-service error correction into applications, empowering end-users to undo and correct their errors.Oracle Flashback Version Query offers the ability to query the historical changes to data between two points in time or system change numbers (SCN) Oracle Flashback Transaction Query enables changes to be examined at the transaction level. This capability can be used to diagnose problems, perform analysis, audit transactions, and even revert the transaction by undoing SQLOracle Flashback Transaction is a procedure used to back-out a transaction and its dependent transactions.Flashback technologies eliminate the need for a traditional restore and recovery process to fix logical corruptions or make enquiries. Using these technologies, you can recover from the error in the same amount of time it took to generate the error. All the Flashback features can be accessed either via SQL command line (or) via Enterprise Manager.  Most of the Flashback technologies depend on the available UNDO to retrieve older data. The following table describes the various Flashback technologies: their purpose, dependencies and situations where each individual technology can be used.   Example Syntax Error investigation related:The purpose is to investigate what went wrong and what the values were at certain points in timeFlashback Queries  ( select .. as of SCN | Timestamp )   - Helps to see the value of a row/set of rows at a point in timeFlashback Version Queries  ( select .. versions between SCN | Timestamp and SCN | Timestamp)  - Helps determine how the value evolved between certain SCNs or between timestamps Flashback Transaction Queries (select .. XID=)   - Helps to understand how the transaction caused the changes.Error correction related:The purpose is to fix the error and correct the problems,Flashback Table  (flashback table .. to SCN | Timestamp)  - To rewind the table to a particular timestamp or SCN to reverse unwanted updates Flashback Drop (flashback table ..  to before drop )  - To undrop or undelete a table Flashback Database (flashback database to SCN  | Restore Point )  - This is the rewind button for Oracle databases. You can revert the entire database to a particular point in time. It is a fast way to perform a PITR (point-in-time recovery). Flashback Transaction (DBMS_FLASHBACK.TRANSACTION_BACKOUT(XID..))  - To reverse a transaction and its related transactions Advanced use cases Flashback technology is integrated into Oracle Recovery Manager (RMAN) and Oracle Data Guard. So, apart from the basic use cases mentioned above, the following use cases are addressed using Oracle Flashback. Block Media recovery by RMAN - to perform block level recovery Snapshot Standby - where the standby is temporarily converted to a read/write environment for testing, backup, or migration purposes Re-instate old primary in a Data Guard environment – this avoids the need to restore an old backup and perform a recovery to make it a new standby. Guaranteed Restore Points - to bring back the entire database to an older point-in-time in a guaranteed way. and so on..I hope this introductory overview helps you understand how Flashback features can be used to investigate and recover from logical errors.  As mentioned earlier, I will take a deeper-dive into to some of the critical Flashback features in my upcoming blogs and address common use cases.

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• Developing Mobile Applications: Web, Native, or Hybrid?

  - by Michelle Kimihira

  Authors: Joe Huang, Senior Principal Product Manager, Oracle Mobile Application Development Framework  and Carlos Chang, Senior Principal Product Director The proliferation of mobile devices and platforms represents a game-changing technology shift on a number of levels. Companies must decide not only the best strategic use of mobile platforms, but also how to most efficiently implement them. Inevitably, this conversation devolves to the developers, who face the task of developing and supporting mobile applications—not a simple task in light of the number of devices and platforms. Essentially, developers can choose from the following three different application approaches, each with its own set of pros and cons. Native Applications: This refers to apps built for and installed on a specific platform, such as iOS or Android, using a platform-specific software development kit (SDK).  For example, apps for Apple’s iPhone and iPad are designed to run specifically on iOS and are written in Xcode/Objective-C. Android has its own variation of Java, Windows uses C#, and so on.  Native apps written for one platform cannot be deployed on another. Native apps offer fast performance and access to native-device services but require additional resources to develop and maintain each platform, which can be expensive and time consuming. Mobile Web Applications: Unlike native apps, mobile web apps are not installed on the device; rather, they are accessed via a Web browser.  These are server-side applications that render HTML, typically adjusting the design depending on the type of device making the request.  There are no program coding constraints for writing server-side apps—they can be written in Java, C, PHP, etc., it doesn’t matter.  Instead, the server detects what type of mobile browser is pinging the server and adjusts accordingly. For example, it can deliver fully JavaScript and CSS-enabled content to smartphone browsers, while downgrading gracefully to basic HTML for feature phone browsers. Mobile apps work across platforms, but are limited to what you can do through a browser and require Internet connectivity. For certain types of applications, these constraints may not be an issue. Oracle supports mobile web applications via ADF Faces (for tablets) and ADF Mobile browser (Trinidad) for smartphone and feature phones. Hybrid Applications: As the name implies, hybrid apps combine technologies from native and mobile Web apps to gain the benefits each. For example, these apps are installed on a device, like their pure native app counterparts, while the user interface (UI) is based on HTML5.  This UI runs locally within the native container, which usually leverages the device’s browser engine.  The advantage of using HTML5 is a consistent, cross-platform UI that works well on most devices.  Combining this with the native container, which is installed on-device, provides mobile users with access to local device services, such as camera, GPS, and local device storage.  Native apps may offer greater flexibility in integrating with device native services.  However, since hybrid applications already provide device integrations that typical enterprise applications need, this is typically less of an issue.  The new Oracle ADF Mobile release is an HTML5 and Java hybrid framework that targets mobile app development to iOS and Android from one code base. So, Which is the Best Approach? The short answer is – the best choice depends on the type of application you are developing.  For instance, animation-intensive apps such as games would favor native apps, while hybrid applications may be better suited for enterprise mobile apps because they provide multi-platform support. Just for starters, the following issues must be considered when choosing a development path. Application Complexity: How complex is the application? A quick app that accesses a database or Web service for some data to display?  You can keep it simple, and a mobile Web app may suffice. However, for a mobile/field worker type of applications that supports mission critical functionality, hybrid or native applications are typically needed. Richness of User Interactivity: What type of user experience is required for the application?  Mobile browser-based app that’s optimized for mobile UI may suffice for quick lookup or productivity type of applications.  However, hybrid/native application would typically be required to deliver highly interactive user experiences needed for field-worker type of applications.  For example, interactive BI charts/graphs, maps, voice/email integration, etc.  In the most extreme case like gaming applications, native applications may be necessary to deliver the highly animated and graphically intensive user experience. Performance: What type of performance is required by the application functionality?  For instance, for real-time look up of data over the network, mobile app performance depends on network latency and server infrastructure capabilities.  If consistent performance is required, data would typically need to be cached, which is supported on hybrid or native applications only. Connectivity and Availability: What sort of connectivity will your application require? Does the app require Web access all the time in order to always retrieve the latest data from the server? Or do the requirements dictate offline support? While native and hybrid apps can be built to operate offline, Web mobile apps require Web connectivity. Multi-platform Requirements: The terms “consumerization of IT” and BYOD (bring your own device) effectively mean that the line between the consumer and the enterprise devices have become blurred. Employees are bringing their personal mobile devices to work and are often expecting that they work in the corporate network and access back-office applications.  Even if companies restrict access to the big dogs: (iPad, iPhone, Android phones and tablets, possibly Windows Phone and tablets), trying to support each platform natively will require increasing resources and domain expertise with each new language/platform. And let’s not forget the maintenance costs, involved in upgrading new versions of each platform.   Where multi-platform support is needed, Web mobile or hybrid apps probably have the advantage. Going native, and trying to support multiple operating systems may be cost prohibitive with existing resources and developer skills. Device-Services Access:  If your app needs to access local device services, such as the camera, contacts app, accelerometer, etc., then your choices are limited to native or hybrid applications.   Fragmentation: Apple controls Apple iOS and the only concern is what version iOS is running on any given device.   Not so Android, which is open source. There are many, many versions and variants of Android running on different devices, which can be a nightmare for app developers trying to support different devices running different flavors of Android.  (Is it an Amazon Kindle Fire? a Samsung Galaxy?  A Barnes & Noble Nook?) This is a nightmare scenario for native apps—on the other hand, a mobile Web or hybrid app, when properly designed, can shield you from these complexities because they are based on common frameworks.  Resources: How many developers can you dedicate to building and supporting mobile application development?  What are their existing skills sets?  If you’re considering native application development due to the complexity of the application under development, factor the costs of becoming proficient on a each platform’s OS and programming language. Add another platform, and that’s another language, another SDK. On the other side of the equation, Web mobile or hybrid applications are simpler to make, and readily support more platforms, but there may be performance trade-offs. Conclusion This only scratches the surface. However, I hope to have suggested some food for thought in choosing your mobile development strategy.  Do your due diligence, search the Web, read up on mobile, talk to peers, attend events. The development team at Oracle is working hard on mobile technologies to help customers extend enterprise applications to mobile faster and effectively.  To learn more on what Oracle has to offer, check out the Oracle ADF Mobile (hybrid) and ADF Faces/ADF Mobile browser (Web Mobile) solutions from Oracle.   Additional Information Blog: ADF Blog Product Information on OTN: ADF Mobile Product Information on Oracle.com: Oracle Fusion Middleware Follow us on Twitter and Facebook Subscribe to our regular Fusion Middleware Newsletter

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• PASS: Election Changes for 2011

  - by Bill Graziano

  Last year after the election, the PASS Board created an Election Review Committee.  This group was charged with reviewing our election procedures and making suggestions to improve the process.  You can read about the formation of the group and review some of the intermediate work on the site – especially in the forums. I was one of the members of the group along with Joe Webb (Chair), Lori Edwards, Brian Kelley, Wendy Pastrick, Andy Warren and Allen White.  This group worked from October to April on our election process.  Along the way we: Interviewed interested parties including former NomCom members, Board candidates and anyone else that came forward. Held a session at the Summit to allow interested parties to discuss the issues Had numerous conference calls and worked through the various topics I can’t thank these people enough for the work they did.  They invested a tremendous number of hours thinking, talking and writing about our elections.  I’m proud to say I was a member of this group and thoroughly enjoyed working with everyone (even if I did finally get tired of all the calls.) The ERC delivered their recommendations to the PASS Board prior to our May Board meeting.  We reviewed those and made a few modifications.  I took their recommendations and rewrote them as procedures while incorporating those changes.  Their original recommendations as well as our final document are posted at the ERC documents page.  Please take a second and read them BEFORE we start the elections.  If you have any questions please post them in the forums on the ERC site. (My final document includes a change log at the end that I decided to leave in.  If you want to know which areas to pay special attention to that’s a good start.) Many of those recommendations were already posted in the forums or in the blogs of individual ERC members.  Hopefully nothing in the ERC document is too surprising. In this post I’m going to walk through some of the key changes and talk about what I remember from both ERC and Board discussions.  I’ll pay a little extra attention to things the Board changed from the ERC.  I’d also encourage any of the Board or ERC members to blog their thoughts on this. The Nominating Committee will continue to exist.  Personally, I was curious to see what the non-Board ERC members would think about the NomCom.  There was broad agreement that a group to vet candidates had value to the organization. The NomCom will be composed of five members.  Two will be Board members and three will be from the membership at large.  The only requirement for the three community members is that you’ve volunteered in some way (and volunteering is defined very broadly).  We expect potential at-large NomCom members to participate in a forum on the PASS site to answer questions from the other PASS members. We’re going to hold an election to determine the three community members.  It will be closer to voting for Summit sessions than voting for Board members.  That means there won’t be multiple dedicated emails.  If you’re at all paying attention it will be easy to participate.  Personally I wanted it easy for those that cared to participate but not overwhelm those that didn’t care.  I think this strikes a good balance. There’s also a clause that in order to be considered a winner in this NomCom election, you must receive 10 votes.  This is something I suggested.  I have no idea how popular the NomCom election is going to be.  I just wanted a fallback that if no one participated and some random person got in with one or two votes.  Any open slots will be filled by the NomCom chair (usually the PASS Immediate Past President).  My assumption is that they would probably take the next highest vote getters unless they were throwing flames in the forums or clearly unqualified.  As a final check, the Board still approves the final NomCom. The NomCom is going to rank candidates instead of rating them.  This has interesting implications.  This was championed by another ERC member and I’m hoping they write something about it.  This will really force the NomCom to make decisions between candidates.  You can’t just rate everyone a 3 and be done with it.  It may also make candidates appear further apart than they actually are.  I’m looking forward talking with the NomCom after this election and getting their feedback on this. The PASS Board added an option to remove a candidate with a unanimous vote of the NomCom.  This was primarily put in place to handle people that lied on their application or had a criminal background or some other unusual situation and we figured it out. We list an explicit goal of three candidate per open slot. We also wanted an easy way to find the NomCom candidate rankings from the ballot.  Hopefully this will satisfy those that want a broad candidate pool and those that want the NomCom to identify the most qualified candidates. The primary spokesperson for the NomCom is the committee chair.  After the issues around the election last year we didn’t have a good communication plan in place.  We should have and that was a failure on the part of the Board.  If there is criticism of the election this year I hope that falls squarely on the Board.  The community members of the NomCom shouldn’t be fielding complaints over the election process.  That said, the NomCom is ranking candidates and we are forcing them to rank some lower than others.  I’m sure you’ll each find someone that you think should have been ranked differently.  I also want to highlight one other change to the process that we started last year and isn’t included in these documents.  I think the candidate forums on the PASS site were tremendously helpful last year in helping people to find out more about candidates.  That gives our members a way to ask hard questions of the candidates and publicly see their answers. This year we have two important groups to fill.  The first is the NomCom.  We need three people from our membership to step up and fill this role.  It won’t be easy.  You will have to make subjective rankings of your fellow community members.  Your actions will be important in deciding who the future leaders of PASS will be.  There’s a 50/50 chance that one of the people you interview will be the President of PASS someday.  This is not a responsibility to be taken lightly. The second is the slate of candidates.  If you’ve ever thought about running for the Board this is the year.  We’ve never had nine candidates on the ballot before.  Your chance of making it through the NomCom are higher than in any previous year.  Unfortunately the more of you that run, the more of you that will lose in the election.  And hopefully that competition will mean more community involvement and better Board members for PASS. Is this the end of changes to the election process?  It isn’t.  Every year that I’ve been on the Board the election process has changed.  Some years there have been small changes and some years there have been large changes.  After this election we’ll look at how the process worked and decide what steps to take – just like we do every year.

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• Unlocking Productivity

  - by Michael Snow

  Unlocking Productivity in Life Sciences with Consolidated Content Management by Joe Golemba, Vice President, Product Management, Oracle WebCenter As life sciences organizations look to become more operationally efficient, the ability to effectively leverage information is a competitive advantage. Whether data mining at the drug discovery phase or prepping the sales team before a product launch, content management can play a key role in developing, organizing, and disseminating vital information. The goal of content management is relatively straightforward: put the information that people need where they can find it. A number of issues can complicate this; information sits in many different systems, each of those systems has its own security, and the information in those systems exists in many different formats. Identifying and extracting pertinent information from mountains of farflung data is no simple job, but the alternative—wasted effort or even regulatory compliance issues—is worse. An integrated information architecture can enable health sciences organizations to make better decisions, accelerate clinical operations, and be more competitive. Unstructured data matters Often when we think of drug development data, we think of structured data that fits neatly into one or more research databases. But structured data is often directly supported by unstructured data such as experimental protocols, reaction conditions, lot numbers, run times, analyses, and research notes. As life sciences companies seek integrated views of data, they are typically finding diverse islands of data that seemingly have no relationship to other data in the organization. Information like sales reports or call center reports can be locked into siloed systems, and unavailable to the discovery process. Additionally, in the increasingly networked clinical environment, Web pages, instant messages, videos, scientific imaging, sales and marketing data, collaborative workspaces, and predictive modeling data are likely to be present within an organization, and each source potentially possesses information that can help to better inform specific efforts. Historically, content management solutions that had 21CFR Part 11 capabilities—electronic records and signatures—were focused mainly on content-enabling manufacturing-related processes. Today, life sciences companies have many standalone repositories, requiring different skills, service level agreements, and vendor support costs to manage them. With the amount of content doubling every three to six months, companies have recognized the need to manage unstructured content from the beginning, in order to increase employee productivity and operational efficiency. Using scalable and secure enterprise content management (ECM) solutions, organizations can better manage their unstructured content. These solutions can also be integrated with enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems or research systems, making content available immediately, in the context of the application and within the flow of the employee’s typical business activity. Administrative safeguards—such as content de-duplication—can also be applied within ECM systems, so documents are never recreated, eliminating redundant efforts, ensuring one source of truth, and maintaining content standards in the organization. Putting it in context Consolidating structured and unstructured information in a single system can greatly simplify access to relevant information when it is needed through contextual search. Using contextual filters, results can include therapeutic area, position in the value chain, semantic commonalities, technology-specific factors, specific researchers involved, or potential business impact. The use of taxonomies is essential to organizing information and enabling contextual searches. Taxonomy solutions are composed of a hierarchical tree that defines the relationship between different life science terms. When overlaid with additional indexing related to research and/or business processes, it becomes possible to effectively narrow down the amount of data that is returned during searches, as well as prioritize results based on specific criteria and/or prior search history. Thus, search results are more accurate and relevant to an employee’s day-to-day work. For example, a search for the word "tissue" by a lab researcher would return significantly different results than a search for the same word performed by someone in procurement. Of course, diverse data repositories, combined with the immense amounts of data present in an organization, necessitate that the data elements be regularly indexed and cached beforehand to enable reasonable search response times. In its simplest form, indexing of a single, consolidated data warehouse can be expected to be a relatively straightforward effort. However, organizations require the ability to index multiple data repositories, enabling a single search to reference multiple data sources and provide an integrated results listing. Security and compliance Beyond yielding efficiencies and supporting new insight, an enterprise search environment can support important security considerations as well as compliance initiatives. For example, the systems enable organizations to retain the relevance and the security of the indexed systems, so users can only see the results to which they are granted access. This is especially important as life sciences companies are working in an increasingly networked environment and need to provide secure, role-based access to information across multiple partners. Although not officially required by the 21 CFR Part 11 regulation, the U.S. Food and Drug Administraiton has begun to extend the type of content considered when performing relevant audits and discoveries. Having an ECM infrastructure that provides centralized management of all content enterprise-wide—with the ability to consistently apply records and retention policies along with the appropriate controls, validations, audit trails, and electronic signatures—is becoming increasingly critical for life sciences companies. Making the move Creating an enterprise-wide ECM environment requires moving large amounts of content into a single enterprise repository, a daunting and risk-laden initiative. The first key is to focus on data taxonomy, allowing content to be mapped across systems. The second is to take advantage new tools which can dramatically speed and reduce the cost of the data migration process through automation. Additional content need not be frozen while it is migrated, enabling productivity throughout the process. The ability to effectively leverage information into success has been gaining importance in the life sciences industry for years. The rapid adoption of enterprise content management, both in operational processes as well as in scientific management, are clear indicators that the companies are looking to use all available data to be better informed, improve decision making, minimize risk, and increase time to market, to maintain profitability and be more competitive. As more and more varieties and sources of information are brought under the strategic management umbrella, the ability to divine knowledge from the vast pool of information is increasingly difficult. Simple search engines and basic content management are increasingly unable to effectively extract the right information from the mountains of data available. By bringing these tools into context and integrating them with business processes and applications, we can effectively focus on the right decisions that make our organizations more profitable. More Information Oracle will be exhibiting at DIA 2012 in Philadelphia on June 25-27. Stop by our booth Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} (#2825) to learn more about the advantages of a centralized ECM strategy and see the Oracle WebCenter Content solution, our 21 CFR Part 11 compliant content management platform.

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• BIOS upgrade lowers CPU temperature

  - by N.N.

  Setup I've got a system with an Asus P8Z68-V PRO motherboard and an Intel Core i7-2600K CPU running at stock speed (no overlocking) which I cool with a Noctua NH-U12P. On the heatsink I've got the two included fans connected via the included Low-Noise Adapters (L.N.A.) 1100 RPM, 16.9 dB(A). In the BIOS settings I've set the CPU and chassis fan profile to silent. Issue Yesterday I upgraded from BIOS version 0501 to 0606. After the upgrade I checked the temperatures in the BIOS monitor and was surprised to see that the CPU temperature was slightly ~30°C. Before the upgrade the CPU temperature was ~50°C with the same BIOS settings (see the following heading for details on temperatures). How can this be? It seems a bit odd that a BIOS upgrade can lower the CPU temperature by 20°C and it also seems odd that the CPU temperature is lower than the chassis temperature. Temperatures When I've checked temperatures the room temperature has been ~23°C. I haven't changed the placement of the computer nor the hardware or cooling setup between BIOS versions. BIOS version 0501 BIOS monitor: CPU: ~50°C Chassis: ~33°C I haven't got any temperature measures from lm-sensors or the like for version 0501 because I only discovered the issue after upgrading to version 0606 and the BIOS updater utility won't let me downgrade to version 0501 (it says "outdated image" when I try to load version 0501). BIOS version 0606 BIOS monitor: CPU: ~30°C Chassis: ~33°C lm-sensors in Ubuntu 11.04 Desktop 64-bit (sudo sensors after an uptime of 4 h 52 min and a load average of 0.22, 0.18, 0.15): coretemp-isa-0000 Adapter: ISA adapter Core 0: +32.0°C (high = +80.0°C, crit = +98.0°C) coretemp-isa-0001 Adapter: ISA adapter Core 1: +35.0°C (high = +80.0°C, crit = +98.0°C) coretemp-isa-0002 Adapter: ISA adapter Core 2: +29.0°C (high = +80.0°C, crit = +98.0°C) coretemp-isa-0003 Adapter: ISA adapter Core 3: +36.0°C (high = +80.0°C, crit = +98.0°C) The BIOS monitor temperatures was checked directly after the lm-sensors temperatures was checked. BIOS version 0706, 0801, 1101 and 3203 I get the same kind of temperatures both in the BIOS monitor and with lm-sensors in BIOS version 0706, 0801, 1101 and 3203 as in 0606. Information from Asus The 0606 changelog mentions nothing explicitly about CPU temperature (but item 3., as indicated by sidran32, might affect temperatures): P8Z68-V PRO 0606 BIOS with IRST 10.6.0.1002 Enable the support of Intel Rapid Storage Technology version 10.6.0.1002 Release Improve DRAM compatibility Improve System stability Improve compatibility with some Raid card model Increase IGD share memory size to 512MB However the following FAQ might give a hint: FAQs I find that the CPU temperature reading in BIOS is about 10~20 degrees centigrade hotter than the reading in OS. Is it normal? Page Tools Solution That is normal as BIOS does not send idle command to the CPU, making most of the power saving features useless. You should be getting similar reading if you disable EIST/C1E/CPU C3 Report/CPU C6 Report in BIOS.

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• PHP-FPM High Memory Usage

  - by Ruel

  I have a wordpress blog, that uses WP-SuperCache, and normally I get 100 visitors per day. With nginx + php-fpm it's blazing fast, and I have no regrets. One thing i noticed, php-fpm takes a lot of memory: top - 09:20:43 up 5 days, 15:53, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00 Tasks: 26 total, 1 running, 25 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 0.0%us, 0.0%sy, 0.0%ni,100.0%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 1048576k total, 329956k used, 718620k free, 0k buffers Swap: 0k total, 0k used, 0k free, 0k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 10226 www-data 15 0 145m 52m 4584 S 0.0 5.1 0:07.55 php-fpm 10223 www-data 16 0 141m 48m 4692 S 0.0 4.8 0:08.70 php-fpm 20277 www-data 15 0 138m 46m 4368 S 0.0 4.5 0:07.55 php-fpm 20259 www-data 15 0 133m 41m 4600 S 0.0 4.0 0:06.68 php-fpm 12201 www-data 15 0 133m 41m 4632 S 0.0 4.0 0:08.31 php-fpm 11586 www-data 15 0 132m 40m 4292 S 0.0 3.9 0:03.27 php-fpm 29822 www-data 15 0 128m 36m 4356 S 0.0 3.6 0:05.26 php-fpm 28427 mysql 15 0 200m 7300 4764 S 0.0 0.7 0:47.89 mysqld 10202 root 18 0 98.3m 4320 1204 S 0.0 0.4 0:03.80 php-fpm 22524 root 18 0 86064 3396 2652 S 0.0 0.3 0:16.74 sshd 9882 www-data 18 0 42052 2572 804 S 0.0 0.2 0:27.52 nginx 9884 www-data 18 0 42052 2560 804 S 0.0 0.2 0:26.26 nginx 9881 www-data 18 0 42064 2524 804 S 0.0 0.2 0:29.24 nginx 9879 www-data 18 0 42032 2480 804 S 0.0 0.2 0:29.58 nginx 23771 root 15 0 12176 1820 1316 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.08 bash 28344 root 22 0 11932 1416 1184 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 mysqld_safe 18167 root 16 0 62628 1208 648 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.55 sshd 25941 root 15 0 12612 1192 928 R 0.0 0.1 0:02.21 top 11573 root 15 0 20876 1168 592 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.67 crond 9878 root 18 0 41000 1112 284 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 nginx 21736 root 23 0 21648 936 716 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 xinetd 11585 root 18 0 46748 816 428 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 saslauthd 14125 root 12 -4 12768 768 452 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 udevd 1 root 18 0 10352 728 616 S 0.0 0.1 0:17.93 init 24564 root 15 0 5912 680 544 S 0.0 0.1 0:01.90 syslogd 11618 root 18 0 46748 548 160 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 saslauthd Here's my php-fpm config: [global] pid = run/php-fpm.pid error_log = log/php-fpm.log log_level = notice [www] listen = 127.0.0.1:9000 user = www-data group = www-data pm = dynamic pm.max_children = 50 pm.start_servers = 3 pm.min_spare_servers = 3 pm.max_spare_servers = 10 pm.max_requests = 500 Sometimes it goes up to 400MB. And I'm planning to add a new website on my VPS. Is this normal?

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• Two network adapters on Ubuntu Server 9.10 - Can't have both working at once?

  - by Rob

  I'm trying to set up two network adapters in Ubuntu (server edition) 9.10. One for the public internet, the other a private LAN. During the install, I was asked to pick a primary network adapter (eth0 or eth1). I chose eth0, gave the installer the details listed below in the contents of /etc/network/interfaces, and carried on. I've been using this adapter with these setting for the last few days, and every thing's been fine. Today, I decide it's time to set up the local adapter. I edit the /etc/network/interfaces to add the details for eth1 (see below), and restart networking with sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart. After this, attempting to ping the machine using it's external IP address fails, but I can ping it's local IP address. If I bring eth1 down using sudo ifdown eth1, I can successfully ping the machine via it's external IP address again (but obviously not it's internal IP address). Bringing eth1 back up returns us to the original problem state: external IP not working, internal IP working. Here's my /etc/network/interfaces (I've removed the external IP information, but these settings are unchanged from when it worked) rob@rhea:~$ cat /etc/network/interfaces # This file describes the network interfaces available on your system # and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5). # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback # The primary (public) network interface auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx netmask xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx network xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx broadcast xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx gateway xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx # The secondary (private) network interface auto eth1 iface eth1 inet static address 192.168.99.4 netmask 255.255.255.0 network 192.168.99.0 broadcast 192.168.99.255 gateway 192.168.99.254 I then do this: rob@rhea:~$ sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart * Reconfiguring network interfaces... [ OK ] rob@rhea:~$ sudo ifup eth0 ifup: interface eth0 already configured rob@rhea:~$ sudo ifup eth1 ifup: interface eth1 already configured Then, from another machine: C:\Documents and Settings\Rob>ping [external ip] Pinging [external ip] with 32 bytes of data: Request timed out. Request timed out. Request timed out. Request timed out. Ping statistics for [external ip]: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 0, Lost = 4 (100% loss), Back on the Ubuntu server in question: rob@rhea:~$ sudo ifdown eth1 ... and again on the other machine: C:\Documents and Settings\Rob>ping [external ip] Pinging [external ip] with 32 bytes of data: Reply from [external ip]: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=63 Reply from [external ip]: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=63 Reply from [external ip]: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=63 Reply from [external ip]: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=63 Ping statistics for [external ip]: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms So... what am I doing wrong?

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• kernel panic after LVM setup

  - by Manuel Sopena Ballesteros

  I broke my webserver... My setup is: VMWare ESXi environemt CPanel installed CentOS release 6.5 (Final) 4 CPUs 2G RAM 2x VM disks 100G each LVM system This was my previous storage settings (the server was working fine at this time): # df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/vg_test01-lv_root 95G 1.4G 88G 2% / tmpfs 939M 0 939M 0% /dev/shm /dev/sdb1 99G 188M 94G 1% /tmp /dev/sda1 485M 54M 407M 12% /boot My web developer asked me to merge /tmp and / disks so this is what I did: Delete /dev/sdb1 partition using fdisk Create a new partition as LVM on /dev/sdb1 using fdisk Create a new physical volume -- pvcreate /dev/sdb1 Extend volume group -- vgextend /dev/sdb1 vg_test01 Extend logical volume -- lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/vg_test01/lv_root Resize filesystem -- resize2fs /dev/vg_test01/lv_root This is the new configuration: # df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/vg_test01-lv_root 213G 105G 97G 52% / tmpfs 939M 0 939M 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 485M 54M 407M 12% /boot /usr/tmpDSK 4.0G 145M 3.6G 4% /tmp Since I have the new settings my web server is throwing kernel panics quite often (around every 2 days). The message says: INFO: task <taskName>:<pid> blocked for more than 120 seconds. The list of process affected that I can see from the console are: mysqld queueprocd httpd suphp vmtoolsd loop0 auditd The only way I can fix this is reseting (cold reboot) the VM. I don't think it is a hardware issue as sar is not showing any bottleneck: Linux 2.6.32-431.3.1.el6.x86_64 (test01) 08/22/2014 _x86_64_ (4 CPU) 12:00:01 AM CPU %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 12:10:01 AM all 26.86 0.01 0.98 0.57 0.00 71.57 12:20:01 AM all 1.78 0.02 1.03 0.08 0.00 97.09 12:30:01 AM all 26.34 0.02 0.85 0.05 0.00 72.74 12:40:01 AM all 27.12 0.01 1.11 1.22 0.00 70.54 12:50:01 AM all 1.59 0.02 0.94 0.13 0.00 97.32 01:00:01 AM all 26.10 0.01 0.77 0.04 0.00 73.07 01:10:01 AM all 27.51 0.01 1.16 0.14 0.00 71.18 01:20:01 AM all 1.80 0.07 1.06 0.08 0.00 96.99 01:30:01 AM all 26.19 0.01 0.78 0.05 0.00 72.96 01:40:01 AM all 26.62 0.02 0.87 0.05 0.00 72.45 01:50:02 AM all 1.35 0.01 0.87 0.02 0.00 97.75 02:00:01 AM all 26.11 0.02 0.69 0.02 0.00 73.17 02:10:01 AM all 26.73 0.02 0.89 0.14 0.00 72.21 02:20:01 AM all 1.45 0.01 0.92 0.04 0.00 97.58 02:30:01 AM all 26.59 0.01 1.06 0.03 0.00 72.31 02:40:01 AM all 26.27 0.01 0.72 0.05 0.00 72.95 02:50:01 AM all 0.86 0.01 0.50 0.09 0.00 98.53 03:00:01 AM all 25.61 0.02 0.39 0.03 0.00 73.96 03:10:01 AM all 26.30 0.08 0.66 0.14 0.00 72.82 03:20:01 AM all 0.81 0.01 0.51 0.04 0.00 98.63 03:30:02 AM all 26.15 0.02 0.53 0.07 0.00 73.24 03:40:01 AM all 26.06 0.01 0.47 0.04 0.00 73.42 03:50:01 AM all 0.96 0.02 0.51 0.03 0.00 98.48 Average: all 17.69 0.02 0.79 0.14 0.00 81.36 06:58:14 AM LINUX RESTART 07:00:01 AM CPU %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 07:10:01 AM all 1.04 0.02 0.57 0.95 0.00 97.42 07:20:02 AM all 0.66 0.01 0.39 0.06 0.00 98.87 07:30:01 AM all 25.71 0.01 0.45 0.16 0.00 73.67 07:40:01 AM all 25.88 0.01 0.35 0.08 0.00 73.68 07:50:01 AM all 1.13 0.02 0.55 0.11 0.00 98.19 As you can see the server became unresponsive at 03.50 AM and I had to reset the VM at 06.58 AM to bring the website up again. I would appreciate any help/assistance to fix this issue. thank you very much

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• Error Installing ruby with RVM Single User mode on Arch Linux

  - by ChrisBurnor

  I've just installed RVM on ArchLinux x64 in single user mode via the recommended install script curl -L https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable I've also installed all the requirements listed in rvm requirements However, I'm having trouble actually installing any version of ruby. And getting the following error: arch:~ % rvm install 1.9.3 No binary rubies available for: ///ruby-1.9.3-p194. Continuing with compilation. Please read 'rvm mount' to get more information on binary rubies. Fetching yaml-0.1.4.tar.gz to /home/christopher/.rvm/archives % Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed 100 460k 100 460k 0 0 702k 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 767k Extracting yaml-0.1.4.tar.gz to /home/christopher/.rvm/src Prepare yaml in /home/christopher/.rvm/src/yaml-0.1.4. Configuring yaml in /home/christopher/.rvm/src/yaml-0.1.4. Error running ' ./configure --prefix=/home/christopher/.rvm/usr ', please read /home/christopher/.rvm/log/ruby-1.9.3-p194/yaml/configure.log Compiling yaml in /home/christopher/.rvm/src/yaml-0.1.4. Error running 'make', please read /home/christopher/.rvm/log/ruby-1.9.3-p194/yaml/make.log Please note that it's required to reinstall all rubies: rvm reinstall all --force Installing Ruby from source to: /home/christopher/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p194, this may take a while depending on your cpu(s)... ruby-1.9.3-p194 - #downloading ruby-1.9.3-p194, this may take a while depending on your connection... ruby-1.9.3-p194 - #extracting ruby-1.9.3-p194 to /home/christopher/.rvm/src/ruby-1.9.3-p194 ruby-1.9.3-p194 - #extracted to /home/christopher/.rvm/src/ruby-1.9.3-p194 Skipping configure step, 'configure' does not exist, did autoreconf not run successfully? ruby-1.9.3-p194 - #compiling Error running 'make', please read /home/christopher/.rvm/log/ruby-1.9.3-p194/make.log There has been an error while running make. Halting the installation. The log files are as follows: arch:~ % cat ~/.rvm/log/ruby-1.9.3-p194/yaml/configure.log __rvm_log_command:32: permission denied: arch:~ % cat ~/.rvm/log/ruby-1.9.3-p194/yaml/make.log make: *** No targets specified and no makefile found. Stop. arch:~ % cat ~/.rvm/log/ruby-1.9.3-p194/make.log make: *** No targets specified and no makefile found. Stop.

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• Tuning Linux IP routing parameters -- secret_interval and tcp_mem

  - by Jeff Atwood

  We had a little failover problem with one of our HAProxy VMs today. When we dug into it, we found this: Jan 26 07:41:45 haproxy2 kernel: [226818.070059] __ratelimit: 10 callbacks suppressed Jan 26 07:41:45 haproxy2 kernel: [226818.070064] Out of socket memory Jan 26 07:41:47 haproxy2 kernel: [226819.560048] Out of socket memory Jan 26 07:41:49 haproxy2 kernel: [226822.030044] Out of socket memory Which, per this link, apparently has to do with low default settings for net.ipv4.tcp_mem. So we increased them by 4x from their defaults (this is Ubuntu Server, not sure if the Linux flavor matters): current values are: 45984 61312 91968 new values are: 183936 245248 367872 After that, we started seeing a bizarre error message: Jan 26 08:18:49 haproxy1 kernel: [ 2291.579726] Route hash chain too long! Jan 26 08:18:49 haproxy1 kernel: [ 2291.579732] Adjust your secret_interval! Shh.. it's a secret!! This apparently has to do with /proc/sys/net/ipv4/route/secret_interval which defaults to 600 and controls periodic flushing of the route cache The secret_interval instructs the kernel how often to blow away ALL route hash entries regardless of how new/old they are. In our environment this is generally bad. The CPU will be busy rebuilding thousands of entries per second every time the cache is cleared. However we set this to run once a day to keep memory leaks at bay (though we've never had one). While we are happy to reduce this, it seems odd to recommend dropping the entire route cache at regular intervals, rather than simply pushing old values out of the route cache faster. After some investigation, we found /proc/sys/net/ipv4/route/gc_elasticity which seems to be a better option for keeping the route table size in check: gc_elasticity can best be described as the average bucket depth the kernel will accept before it starts expiring route hash entries. This will help maintain the upper limit of active routes. We adjusted elasticity from 8 to 4, in the hopes of the route cache pruning itself more aggressively. The secret_interval does not feel correct to us. But there are a bunch of settings and it's unclear which are really the right way to go here. /proc/sys/net/ipv4/route/gc_elasticity (8) /proc/sys/net/ipv4/route/gc_interval (60) /proc/sys/net/ipv4/route/gc_min_interval (0) /proc/sys/net/ipv4/route/gc_timeout (300) /proc/sys/net/ipv4/route/secret_interval (600) /proc/sys/net/ipv4/route/gc_thresh (?) rhash_entries (kernel parameter, default unknown?) We don't want to make the Linux routing worse, so we're kind of afraid to mess with some of these settings. Can anyone advise which routing parameters are best to tune, for a high traffic HAProxy instance?

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• Client A can ping server S, but client B cannot

  - by Soundar Rajan

  I moved the question to here from stackoverflow.com http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2917569/unable-to-ping-server-from-client-b-but-able-to-ping-from-client-a-please-help I am trying to configure a IIS 6.0/Windows Server 2003 web server with a ASP.net application. When I try to ping the server from client computer A I get the following: PING 74.208.192.xxx ==> Ping fails PING 74.208.192.xxx:80 ==> Ping succeeds! From client computer B, BOTH the pings fail. PING 74.208.192.xxx ==> Ping fails PING 74.208.192.xxx:80 ==> Ping fails with a message "Ping request could not find host 74.208.192.xxx:80" Both clients A and B are on the same subnet. The server is outside (a virtual server hosted by an ISP) I have an ASP.NET application in a virtual directory on the server. In IE or firefox, if I enter http://74.208.192.xxx/subdir/subdir/../Default.aspx, it works from both the clients! The server has default firewall settings but web server enabled (Port 80 is open). From client A (note the different 'reply to' address when the ping succeeds. C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC>ping 74.208.192.xx Pinging 74.208.192.xx with 32 bytes of data: Request timed out. ... Request timed out. Ping statistics for 74.208.192.xx: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 0, Lost = 4 (100% loss), C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC>ping 74.208.192.xx:80 Pinging 74.208.192.xx:80 [208.67.216.xxx] with 32 bytes of data: Reply from 208.67.216.xxx: bytes=32 time=35ms TTL=54 ... Reply from 208.67.216.xxx: bytes=32 time=33ms TTL=54 Ping statistics for 208.67.216.xxx: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 32ms, Maximum = 54ms, Average = 38ms From client B C:\Documents and Settings\user>ping 74.208.192.81 Pinging 74.208.192.81 with 32 bytes of data: Request timed out. ... Request timed out. Ping statistics for 74.208.192.81: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 0, Lost = 4 (100% loss), C:\Documents and Settings\user>ping 74.208.192.81:80 Ping request could not find host 74.208.192.81:80. Please check the name and try again. My main problem is I have a web service (asmx) file and the web service client program is not able to access it from client B, but able to access it from client A. I am trying to find out why and thought this ping issue may shed some light. I can ping yahoo.com both the computers.

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• Why do I see a large performance hit with DRBD?

  - by BHS

  I see a much larger performance hit with DRBD than their user manual says I should get. I'm using DRBD 8.3.7 (Fedora 13 RPMs). I've setup a DRBD test and measured throughput of disk and network without DRBD: dd if=/dev/zero of=/data.tmp bs=512M count=1 oflag=direct 536870912 bytes (537 MB) copied, 4.62985 s, 116 MB/s / is a logical volume on the disk I'm testing with, mounted without DRBD iperf: [ 4] 0.0-10.0 sec 1.10 GBytes 941 Mbits/sec According to Throughput overhead expectations, the bottleneck would be whichever is slower, the network or the disk and DRBD should have an overhead of 3%. In my case network and I/O seem to be pretty evenly matched. It sounds like I should be able to get around 100 MB/s. So, with the raw drbd device, I get dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/drbd2 bs=512M count=1 oflag=direct 536870912 bytes (537 MB) copied, 6.61362 s, 81.2 MB/s which is slower than I would expect. Then, once I format the device with ext4, I get dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/data.tmp bs=512M count=1 oflag=direct 536870912 bytes (537 MB) copied, 9.60918 s, 55.9 MB/s This doesn't seem right. There must be some other factor playing into this that I'm not aware of. global_common.conf global { usage-count yes; } common { protocol C; } syncer { al-extents 1801; rate 33M; } data_mirror.res resource data_mirror { device /dev/drbd1; disk /dev/sdb1; meta-disk internal; on cluster1 { address 192.168.33.10:7789; } on cluster2 { address 192.168.33.12:7789; } } For the hardware I have two identical machines: 6 GB RAM Quad core AMD Phenom 3.2Ghz Motherboard SATA controller 7200 RPM 64MB cache 1TB WD drive The network is 1Gb connected via a switch. I know that a direct connection is recommended, but could it make this much of a difference? Edited I just tried monitoring the bandwidth used to try to see what's happening. I used ibmonitor and measured average bandwidth while I ran the dd test 10 times. I got: avg ~450Mbits writing to ext4 avg ~800Mbits writing to raw device It looks like with ext4, drbd is using about half the bandwidth it uses with the raw device so there's a bottleneck that is not the network.

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• USB ports causing Wireless and Mobile Phone tethering drop out

  - by chrolli

  I have a problem with my USB ports and I can't seem to pinpoint the problem. I'm hoping that I can get some idea as to how to troubleshoot my problem. Problem description: I recently bought a USB Wireless Adapter in order to connect my Desktop PC to the WLAN. The dongle keeps dropping off connection regularly on average once a minute. And the connection is slow. What I've tried: I installed a network scanner to determine signal strength. The PC/adapter combo is getting about 70% signal strength. I have a laptop that has an internal Wireless adapter. I moved the laptop near the location of the PC. The signal strength was above 90%. I installed the USB adapter on the laptop. I placed the laptop near the location of the PC. The signal strength was above 80%. And there is no drop out issue. I've isolated the problem to be on the PC. I used internet tethering on my mobile phone in order to test the USB ports. I get the same problem, themobile phone keeps dropping in and out. I plugged the adapter and phone on all USB ports, and it is still dropping out on all ports. I've isolated the problem to be the Motherboard, USB hub. I updated the BIOS, and USB driver. Still dropping out. I noticed that when I used the mobile phone tethering method, the phone (iphone 5) is guarenteed to drop out and does not appear to charge if I jiggle the the 8-pin connector on the base of the phone. If I push the pin tightly on the phone, the phone starts charging, as soon as I let go, it stops and drops out from the PC. This is strange because this doesn't happen when it is plugged to the powerboard. Which means that the 8 pin connector is fine. I'm not sure what the problem is. I assume that it is to do with the USB ports not supplying enough power which in turn causes the devices to intermittently drop out. The reason I say this is because the USB cable works fine when plugged into a powerboard with enough power supplied to the phone. Only when it is plugged into the USB port on the PC, does it drop out. My motherboard is Asus P8z68-v le. My Wireless adapter is the D-link DWA131. I can't seem to find any settings in the BIOS to increase the south bridge voltage so as to supply more power to the USB ports. Although this problem only occurs when I'm trying to hook up to a device supplying internet connection. My USB HDD, Flash drives, and Mouse and Key are working fine! Any suggestions please?

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• Why is my router not routing?

  - by dwj

  Starting a week and half ago my router stopped working with my cable modem. I went to sleep with it working and woke up with it not. I swapped in another router and am still having issues; I was gone for 10 days so now I'm back to trying to figure it out. While I was gone I left everything (cable modem, router, and computer) powered off. My setup: Comcast Ambit cable modem (from Comcast) Netgear WGR614 v4 router -- replaced with Linksys WRT54GS v1.1 Windows XP SP3 other computers, all currently unplugged The modem is using the firmware (ver 2.105.2001) provided by Comcast; hardware version 1.3 The Linksys router is using FW ver 4.71.4 (latest for this release of HW), factory defaults I am only using the wired connections; no wireless. I have swapped out all of the cat5 cable. If I plug my computer directly into the cable modem, I can ping by name or number. Everything works perfectly. If I plug my computer into the router and the router into the modem, I cannot access anything outside of my local network. This is the exact setup I've used for the past 5 years; there were no changes in the past year. Now here's the interesting part: I can log into the Linksys router and get status information from it; everything appears good. Using the Diagnostics, I can run ping and traceroute to any site on the internet. These work perfectly. From my computer, I can ping the router and the modem. However, I cannot ping anything on the internet by with name or number. If I plug in another computer, I can ping it successfully. I've included two transcripts below that show these two attempts. Addresses, DNS, gateways, etc. look good. I cannot access the internet through either router. I am at a loss here. Suggestions? Help! Computer to Router to Cable Modem C:\ipconfig /renew Windows IP Configuration No operation can be performed on Bluetooth Network while it has its media disconnected. Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : hsd1.ca.comcast.net. IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.100 Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.1 Ethernet adapter Bluetooth Network: Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected C:\ipconfig /all Windows IP Configuration Host Name . . . . . . . . . . . . : wynton Primary Dns Suffix . . . . . . . : Node Type . . . . . . . . . . . . : Unknown IP Routing Enabled. . . . . . . . : No WINS Proxy Enabled. . . . . . . . : No DNS Suffix Search List. . . . . . : hsd1.ca.comcast.net. Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : hsd1.ca.comcast.net. Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Intel(R) 82562V-2 10/100 Network Connection Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-1D-09-9B-45-EB Dhcp Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : Yes Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.100 Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.1 DHCP Server . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.1 DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 68.87.76.178 68.87.78.130 Lease Obtained. . . . . . . . . . : Monday, March 22, 2010 10:21:55 PM Lease Expires . . . . . . . . . . : Tuesday, March 23, 2010 10:21:55 PM Ethernet adapter Bluetooth Network: Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Bluetooth LAN Access Server Driver Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-0A-3A-6F-68-41 C:\ping google.com Ping request could not find host google.com. Please check the name and try again . C:\ping 74.125.19.104 Pinging 74.125.19.104 with 32 bytes of data: Request timed out. Request timed out. Request timed out. Request timed out. Ping statistics for 74.125.19.104: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 0, Lost = 4 (100% loss), C:\ Computer to Cable Modem Directly C:\ipconfig /renew Windows IP Configuration No operation can be performed on Bluetooth Network while it has its media disconnected. Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : hsd1.ca.comcast.net. IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 71.204.149.195 Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.252.0 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 71.204.148.1 Ethernet adapter Bluetooth Network: Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected C:\ipconfig /all Windows IP Configuration Host Name . . . . . . . . . . . . : wynton Primary Dns Suffix . . . . . . . : Node Type . . . . . . . . . . . . : Unknown IP Routing Enabled. . . . . . . . : No WINS Proxy Enabled. . . . . . . . : No DNS Suffix Search List. . . . . . : hsd1.ca.comcast.net. Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : hsd1.ca.comcast.net. Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Intel(R) 82562V-2 10/100 Network Connection Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-1D-09-9B-45-EB Dhcp Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : Yes Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 71.204.149.195 Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.252.0 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 71.204.148.1 DHCP Server . . . . . . . . . . . : 68.87.76.10 DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 68.87.76.178 68.87.78.130 Lease Obtained. . . . . . . . . . : Monday, March 22, 2010 10:18:50 PM Lease Expires . . . . . . . . . . : Monday, March 22, 2010 11:12:31 PM Ethernet adapter Bluetooth Network: Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Bluetooth LAN Access Server Driver Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-0A-3A-6F-68-41 C:\ping google.com Pinging google.com [74.125.19.99] with 32 bytes of data: Reply from 74.125.19.99: bytes=32 time=20ms TTL=55 Reply from 74.125.19.99: bytes=32 time=17ms TTL=55 Reply from 74.125.19.99: bytes=32 time=28ms TTL=55 Reply from 74.125.19.99: bytes=32 time=18ms TTL=55 Ping statistics for 74.125.19.99: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 17ms, Maximum = 28ms, Average = 20ms C:\ping 74.125.19.104 Pinging 74.125.19.104 with 32 bytes of data: Reply from 74.125.19.104: bytes=32 time=18ms TTL=55 Reply from 74.125.19.104: bytes=32 time=18ms TTL=55 Reply from 74.125.19.104: bytes=32 time=17ms TTL=55 Reply from 74.125.19.104: bytes=32 time=16ms TTL=55 Ping statistics for 74.125.19.104: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 16ms, Maximum = 18ms, Average = 17ms C:\

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• Slow Windows Explorer on Windows 7

  - by MadBoy

  I have Laptop with i7 (4 cores), 8GB ram and SSD OCZ Vertex 3 MaxIOPS which in testing that I did just now does 400mb/s+ read/write. However the responsiveness of Windows Explorer is far from being perfect. Opening up Computer, Documents, going into folders is very slow (1-5seconds). I don't have any viruses or spyware and I have tried changing properties to optimize view for General Items. I tried disabling Search Indexer but it made search in Outlook 2010 crawl and didn't bring any other effect. Even double clicking on file takes some time to open things up (like clicking a Word document). I don't have any drives mapped, my computer is not joined to domain. I have multiple VPN connections that I connect to but they all have disabled default gateways. I tried using CC Cleaner or some Windows 7 Tweaks app to disable some things. I am power user using Visual Studio, Tortoise SVN and other developer/administration apps. Any non obvious ideas? Edit: So I've been trying to pinpoint where the issue comes from and it seems that straight after reboot Windows Explorer opens very fast, when I load 3-4 programs (Royal TS, Visual Studio, Outlook) it's noticeably slower and the more programs I have it gets worse. After I start closing programs it starts working better and if I leave 2 open it's fast again. I tried doing some research with DiskMon and other programs from sysinternals but couldn't find anything suspicious. Below are stats during normal usage with a lots of programs open: - Ram usage with a lot of programs open and no swap file (i disabled it for testing): 6.95GB - CPU usage: 15%, none of the cores takes more then 50% (I have VS 2010 open x 4) HD Tune Pro: OCZ-VERTEX3 MI Benchmark Test capacity: full Read transfer rate Transfer Rate Minimum : 363.9 MB/s Transfer Rate Maximum : 505.5 MB/s Transfer Rate Average : Access Time : Burst Rate : CPU Usage : HD Tune Pro: OCZ-VERTEX3 MI File Benchmark Drive C: Transfer rate test File Size: 500 MB Sequential read 484102 KB/s Sequential write 444714 KB/s Random read 7779 IOPS Random write 16888 IOPS Random read (queue depth = 32) 73007 IOPS Random write (queue depth = 32) 69790 IOPS HD Tune Pro: OCZ-VERTEX3 MI Random Access Test capacity: full Read test Transfer size operations / sec avg. access time max. access time avg. speed 512 bytes 3260 IOPS 0.306 ms 2.106 ms 1.592 MB/s 4 KB 4161 IOPS 0.240 ms 2.006 ms 16.256 MB/s 64 KB 2382 IOPS 0.419 ms 2.367 ms 148.934 MB/s 1 MB 449 IOPS 2.225 ms 4.197 ms 449.407 MB/s Random 809 IOPS 1.235 ms 6.551 ms 410.527 MB/s HD Tune Pro: OCZ-VERTEX3 MI Extra Tests Test capacity: full Random seek 3975 IOPS 0.252 ms 1.941 MB/s Random seek 4 KB 4245 IOPS 0.236 ms 16.583 MB/s Butterfly seek 4086 IOPS 0.245 ms 1.995 MB/s Random seek / size 64 KB 3812 IOPS 0.262 ms 58.606 MB/s Random seek / size 8 MB 120 IOPS 8.348 ms 485.737 MB/s Sequential outer 4524 IOPS 0.221 ms 282.721 MB/s Sequential middle 4429 IOPS 0.226 ms 276.818 MB/s Sequential inner 5504 IOPS 0.182 ms 344.000 MB/s Burst rate 4472 IOPS 0.224 ms 279.475 MB/s

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• Excessive CPU Utilization for Bind 9.8.1 `named` processes

  - by justinzane

  I just noticed that named is eating vast amounts of CPU time for a very small network with only a few domains. Can someone help me determine what is misconfigured, please? Or how to debug this. top top - 14:13:08 up 25 days, 14:16, 1 user, load average: 1.04, 1.04, 1.05 Tasks: 149 total, 1 running, 148 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie %Cpu(s): 17.3 us, 4.3 sy, 0.0 ni, 78.2 id, 0.1 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st KiB Mem: 2042776 total, 1347916 used, 694860 free, 249396 buffers KiB Swap: 3976080 total, 30552 used, 3945528 free, 574164 cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 17445 bind 20 0 244m 42m 3124 S 99.4 2.2 2345:03 named rndc stats +++ Statistics Dump +++ (1352931389) ++ Incoming Requests ++ 65869 QUERY ++ Incoming Queries ++ 31809 A 241 NS 3 CNAME 27455 SOA 276 PTR 123 MX 462 TXT 5400 AAAA 7 A6 1 DS 14 DNSKEY 15 SPF 55 AXFR 8 ANY ++ Outgoing Queries ++ [View: internal] 22206 A 509 NS 10 SOA 25 PTR 12 MX 524 TXT 4851 AAAA 62 DNSKEY 19 SPF 3157 DLV [View: external] 87 A 2 NS 80 AAAA 120 DNSKEY 7 DLV [View: _bind] ++ Name Server Statistics ++ 65869 IPv4 requests received 27670 requests with EDNS(0) received 112 TCP requests received 65652 responses sent 20 truncated responses sent 27670 responses with EDNS(0) sent 62920 queries resulted in successful answer 37117 queries resulted in authoritative answer 28482 queries resulted in non authoritative answer 7 queries resulted in referral answer 591 queries resulted in nxrrset 53 queries resulted in SERVFAIL 2081 queries resulted in NXDOMAIN 14530 queries caused recursion 162 duplicate queries received 55 requested transfers completed ++ Zone Maintenance Statistics ++ 109536 IPv4 notifies sent ++ Resolver Statistics ++ [Common] [View: internal] 29362 IPv4 queries sent 2013 IPv6 queries sent 28531 IPv4 responses received 4209 NXDOMAIN received 6 SERVFAIL received 31 FORMERR received 32 EDNS(0) query failures 3359 query retries 836 query timeouts 5348 IPv4 NS address fetches 3271 IPv6 NS address fetches 83 IPv4 NS address fetch failed 2779 IPv6 NS address fetch failed 17421 DNSSEC validation attempted 12731 DNSSEC validation succeeded 4690 DNSSEC NX validation succeeded 21104 queries with RTT 10-100ms 7418 queries with RTT 100-500ms 3 queries with RTT 500-800ms 1 queries with RTT 800-1600ms [View: external] 192 IPv4 queries sent 104 IPv6 queries sent 192 IPv4 responses received 2 NXDOMAIN received 104 query retries 44 IPv4 NS address fetches 44 IPv6 NS address fetches 1 IPv4 NS address fetch failed 1 IPv6 NS address fetch failed 4 DNSSEC validation attempted 3 DNSSEC validation succeeded 1 DNSSEC NX validation succeeded 152 queries with RTT 10-100ms 40 queries with RTT 100-500ms [View: _bind] ++ Cache DB RRsets ++ [View: internal (Cache: internal)] 2007 A 652 NS 131 CNAME 1 MX 32 TXT 421 AAAA 28 DS 244 RRSIG 110 NSEC 3 DNSKEY 2 !A 2 !TXT 89 !AAAA 2 !SPF 14 !DLV 148 NXDOMAIN [View: external (Cache: external)] 55 A 12 NS 34 AAAA 2 DS 10 RRSIG 1 DNSKEY [View: _bind (Cache: _bind)] ++ Socket I/O Statistics ++ 82958 UDP/IPv4 sockets opened 2118 UDP/IPv6 sockets opened 4 TCP/IPv4 sockets opened 1 TCP/IPv6 sockets opened 82956 UDP/IPv4 sockets closed 2117 UDP/IPv6 sockets closed 58 TCP/IPv4 sockets closed 15 UDP/IPv4 socket bind failures 2117 UDP/IPv6 socket connect failures 29554 UDP/IPv4 connections established 59 TCP/IPv4 connections accepted 2117 UDP/IPv6 send errors 5 UDP/IPv4 recv errors ++ Per Zone Query Statistics ++ --- Statistics Dump --- (1352931389)

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• How to stop a random ramp in FCGI Processes Killing the server

  - by Andy Main

  So got the below earlier to day... Around that time the logs show a ramp in processes(600) and associated memory (1.2g), cpu usage load average (80) untill the server gave out. Server had to be hard reset by host as there was no ssh or plesk panel access. Fast CGI is configured as below and is setup for one high use site. As I understand it FcgidMaxProcesses 20 should protect against what happen but has not. I've read many forums with differing answers and references to many different fcgi directives, but have found nothing conclusive. Any one got some definitive answers on how to stop this sort of server process ramping and subsequent server failure? If you need more info let me know. Cheers Andy  /var/log/apache2/error_log [Thu May 17 07:40:47 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17651 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:47 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17650 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:47 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17649 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:47 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17644 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:47 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17643 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:47 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17638 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:47 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17633 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:47 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17627 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:47 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17622 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:51 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17674 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:51 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17673 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:51 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17672 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:51 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17667 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:51 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17666 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:51 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17665 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:51 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17664 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:51 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17659 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:51 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17658 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:51 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17657 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:51 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17656 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:51 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17651 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL https://docs.google.com/a/thesugarrefinery.com/open?id=0B_XbpWChge0VRmFLWEZfR2VBb2M https://docs.google.com/a/thesugarrefinery.com/open?id=0B_XbpWChge0VWTcwZEhoV2Fqejg https://docs.google.com/a/thesugarrefinery.com/open?id=0B_XbpWChge0VUUtVWWFINHZjZ0U https://docs.google.com/a/thesugarrefinery.com/open?id=0B_XbpWChge0VZEVMclh6ZUdaOUE <IfModule mod_fcgid.c> <IfModule !mod_fastcgi.c> AddHandler fcgid-script fcg fcgi fpl </IfModule> FcgidIPCDir /var/lib/apache2/fcgid/sock FcgidProcessTableFile /var/lib/apache2/fcgid/shm FcgidIdleTimeout 40 FcgidProcessLifeTime 30 FcgidMaxProcesses 20 FcgidMaxProcessesPerClass 20 FcgidMinProcessesPerClass 0 FcgidConnectTimeout 30 FcgidIOTimeout 120 FcgidInitialEnv RAILS_ENV production FcgidIdleScanInterval 10 FcgidMaxRequestLen 1073741824 </IfModule>

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• Safer RAID5 rebuilds using partially failed disks?

  - by arcticmac

  There have been lots of articles posted recently about how RAID5 is dangerous because of long resilver times, and in particular because of increasing chances of encountering a URE during the resilver. Obviously this is a significant concern. However, it seems that in many cases of interest (as long as you're keeping some kind of eye on your disks), when it comes time to rebuild the array, the disk that I'm replacing is still mostly readable. If you try to explain this predicament to the average layperson, they are typically very confused as to why you have two almost completely functional disks but can't produce one working array. It seems to me that there ought to be some way to take advantage of this to make rebuilds safer, as long as I'm willing to have the RAID5 be read-only for a couple of days while it rebuilds. Conceptually, what I have in mind looks something like this: When a disk fails, immediately take the RAID5 offline or mount it read-only Attach a new disk (either in a spare bay, or externally via eSATA) and begin rebuilding it to replace the failed one. If known, perhaps start with the stripes in which the failure occurred, to minimize the chances of losing those if another disk fails. In the event that a second disk experiences a URE or other failure during the rebuild, try to source that data from the disk that is being replaced. Presumably if this happens, more rebuilding would be necessary. When complete, shut down the server, swap the replacement drive into the original bay if desired, and bring the array back up. Obviously such a process would not be appropriate for applications where uptime is critical or data loss cannot be tolerated, but it seems to me that this could help considerably to improve the reliability of RAID5. I assume that there's not a good way to implement a recovery like this at present, given that I haven't seen any indication of tools that are designed to do this, and that it seems like it would be rather obtuse to work out manually. Are there also technical issues with it that I haven't thought of (I'm still fairly new to RAID stuff)? Any thoughts on how hard something like this would be to implement (e.g. in linux md raid)?

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• Looking for a fiber optic "switch" or "router" for home use

  - by Shrout1

  The gist of my question: What is a "fiber optic" switch called? I.E. a layer 2 ethernet switch that uses fiber TX and RX connections and sends layer 2 network traffic between the fiber strands that are connected. Can someone purchase a dedicated fiber switch that does not have copper ethernet ports? What is the current average price of a device like this? Not necessarily looking for product endorsements, just information Might not make sense to go this route if it is too cost prohibitive What type of fiber connector is used for terminating a fiber strand into a jack on the wall? Can fiber be "patched" using two jacks and a "patch" cable? Is signal loss a concern with the longest runs at 100-200ft, a patch cable and media converters? The full story: My parents had unterminated fiber optic cable and terminated Cat5e run throughout their home when it was built in 2004. 10 years later the Cat5e isn't providing the throughput that my father needs to accomplish multiple streams of HD and fast system backups throughout the house. He can't reach gigabit speeds across the distance of the Cat5e runs. We are both interested in terminating the fiber connections and using them as high speed "backbones" to copper switches in each room of the house. It would be easy to attain gigabit speeds (or better, eventually) using the fiber. I have searched and searched for a "fiber optic switch" or "fiber optic router" and cannot find the correct term to describe this piece of hardware. We can use fiber media converters at the end points of each connection, however it would be nice to have a "patch panel" set up in the network closet in the basement that has fiber connections on it and switches the ethernet streams between the connections/systems in the house. Each fiber media converter costs between $50-$100 a piece... After 10 or so terminated connections it might make sense to find a piece of hardware that does not require media converters. That would depend upon the cost of this hardware Somewhat unrelated, if we are able to route between these fiber strands successfully, what is the physical connector type used in a jack on the wall? Just like RJ45 has a wall outlet (depicted below): What is the fiber optic equivalent of this? In the interim could we "patch" a couple fiber strands together in the network closet? Would signal loss be of concern with a run length of 100-200 feet, a patch cable and two media converters? If that would work then it could be used until the funds are available for more.

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• ffmpeg not using all cores

  - by user2783132

  I just got my new server with two intel e5-2695 but I was shocked to see that ffmpeg or ubuntu doesn't utilize all cores. top while ffmpeg was running top - 23:35:25 up 2:41, 2 users, load average: 5.35, 4.37, 3.12 Tasks: 333 total, 2 running, 331 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie %Cpu0 : 0.0 us, 1.0 sy, 35.6 ni, 63.4 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu1 : 0.0 us, 0.7 sy, 35.5 ni, 63.9 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu2 : 0.0 us, 0.7 sy, 33.4 ni, 65.9 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu3 : 0.0 us, 0.0 sy, 32.7 ni, 67.3 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu4 : 0.0 us, 0.3 sy, 32.3 ni, 67.3 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu5 : 0.0 us, 0.3 sy, 33.0 ni, 66.7 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu6 : 0.0 us, 0.0 sy, 32.6 ni, 67.4 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu7 : 0.0 us, 0.3 sy, 32.7 ni, 67.0 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu8 : 0.0 us, 0.7 sy, 32.6 ni, 66.8 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu9 : 0.0 us, 0.3 sy, 33.9 ni, 65.8 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu10 : 0.0 us, 0.0 sy, 35.0 ni, 65.0 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu11 : 0.0 us, 0.7 sy, 30.0 ni, 69.3 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu12 : 21.1 us, 0.0 sy, 0.0 ni, 78.9 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu13 : 0.7 us, 0.0 sy, 4.3 ni, 95.0 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu14 : 0.3 us, 0.0 sy, 5.0 ni, 94.6 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu15 : 24.9 us, 0.0 sy, 0.0 ni, 75.1 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu16 : 0.3 us, 0.0 sy, 3.7 ni, 96.0 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu17 : 0.7 us, 0.3 sy, 4.9 ni, 94.1 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu18 : 1.0 us, 0.0 sy, 4.6 ni, 94.4 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu19 : 0.7 us, 0.0 sy, 4.7 ni, 94.7 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu20 : 11.1 us, 0.0 sy, 0.0 ni, 88.9 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu21 : 1.3 us, 0.0 sy, 4.6 ni, 94.0 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu22 : 2.0 us, 0.3 sy, 4.3 ni, 93.4 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu23 : 96.7 us, 1.0 sy, 0.0 ni, 2.3 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu24 : 0.0 us, 0.0 sy, 0.7 ni, 99.3 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu25 : 0.0 us, 0.0 sy, 3.0 ni, 97.0 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu26 : 0.0 us, 0.0 sy, 1.3 ni, 98.7 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu27 : 0.0 us, 0.0 sy, 4.0 ni, 96.0 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu28 : 0.0 us, 0.0 sy, 1.7 ni, 98.3 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu29 : 0.0 us, 0.0 sy, 1.7 ni, 98.3 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu30 : 0.0 us, 0.0 sy, 1.7 ni, 98.3 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu31 : 0.0 us, 0.0 sy, 1.0 ni, 99.0 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu32 : 0.0 us, 0.0 sy, 0.7 ni, 99.3 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu33 : 0.0 us, 0.0 sy, 1.7 ni, 98.3 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu34 : 0.0 us, 0.0 sy, 2.0 ni, 98.0 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu35 : 0.0 us, 0.0 sy, 1.0 ni, 99.0 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu36 : 0.0 us, 0.0 sy, 0.0 ni,100.0 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st ffmpeg was sent with -threads 0 *I also tried sending ffmoeg with -threads 500- no difference

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• Apache and MySQL taking all the memory? Maximum connections?

  - by lpfavreau

  I've a had one of our servers going down (network wise) but keeping its uptime (so looks the server is not losing its power) recently. I've asked my hosting company to investigate and I've been told, after investigation, that Apache and MySQL were at all time using 80% of the memory and peaking at 95% and that I might be needing to add some more RAM to the server. One of their justifications to adding more RAM was that I was using the default max connections setting (125 for MySQL and 150 for Apache) and that for handling those 150 simultaneous connections, I would need at least 3Gb of memory instead of the 1Gb I have at the moment. Now, I understand that tweaking the max connections might be better than me leaving the default setting although I didn't feel it was a concern at the moment, having had servers with the same configuration handle more traffic than the current 1 or 2 visitors before the lunch, telling myself I'd tweak it depending on the visits pattern later. I've also always known Apache was more memory hungry under default settings than its competitor such as nginx and lighttpd. Nonetheless, looking at the stats of my machine, I'm trying to see how my hosting company got those numbers. I'm getting: # free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 1000 944 56 0 148 725 -/+ buffers/cache: 71 929 Swap: 1953 0 1953 Which I guess means that yes, the server is reserving around 95% of its memory at the moment but I also thought it meant that only 71 out of the 1000 total were really used by the applications at the moment looking a the buffers/cache row. Also I don't see any swapping: # vmstat 60 procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ----cpu---- r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa 0 0 0 57612 151704 742596 0 0 1 1 3 11 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 57604 151704 742596 0 0 0 1 1 24 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 57604 151704 742596 0 0 0 2 1 18 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 57604 151704 742596 0 0 0 0 1 13 0 0 100 0 And finally, while requesting a page: top - 08:33:19 up 3 days, 13:11, 2 users, load average: 0.06, 0.02, 0.00 Tasks: 81 total, 1 running, 80 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 1.3%us, 0.3%sy, 0.0%ni, 98.3%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 1024616k total, 976744k used, 47872k free, 151716k buffers Swap: 2000052k total, 0k used, 2000052k free, 742596k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 24914 www-data 20 0 26296 8640 3724 S 2 0.8 0:00.06 apache2 23785 mysql 20 0 125m 18m 5268 S 1 1.9 0:04.54 mysqld 24491 www-data 20 0 25828 7488 3180 S 1 0.7 0:00.02 apache2 1 root 20 0 2844 1688 544 S 0 0.2 0:01.30 init ... So, I'd like to know, experts of serverfault: Do I really need more RAM at the moment? How do they calculate that for 150 simultaneous connections I'd need 3Gb? Thanks for your help!

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• Download - Upload is too slow on Centos

  - by Mehdi

  My download/upload in server and out of server is too slow (around 50 KB/s !) ! Did I miss some configuration ? Some information: CentOS release 6.3 uptime load average: 0.17, 0.32, 0.37 Memory free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 24009 21988 2021 0 806 18098 -/+ buffers/cache: 3083 20926 Swap: 4095 28 4067 lshw -C network *-network description: Ethernet interface product: 82574L Gigabit Network Connection vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:02:00.0 logical name: eth0 version: 00 serial: 00:25:90:70:17:4a size: 100MB/s capacity: 1GB/s width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress msix bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt-fd autonegotiation configuration: autonegotiation=off broadcast=yes driver=e1000e driverversion=1.9.5-k duplex=full firmware=2.1-2 ip=108.175.8.123 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes port=twisted pair speed=100MB/s resources: irq:16 memory:fb900000-fb91ffff ioport:e000(size=32) memory:fb920000-fb923fff ethtool ethtool eth0 Settings for eth0: Supported ports: [ TP ] Supported link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full 100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full 1000baseT/Full Supports auto-negotiation: Yes Advertised link modes: Not reported Advertised pause frame use: No Advertised auto-negotiation: No Speed: 100Mb/s Duplex: Full Port: Twisted Pair PHYAD: 1 Transceiver: internal Auto-negotiation: off MDI-X: off Supports Wake-on: pumbg Wake-on: g Current message level: 0x00000001 (1) Link detected: yes dmesg |grep e1000e dmesg |grep e1000e e1000e: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Driver - 1.9.5-k e1000e: Copyright(c) 1999 - 2012 Intel Corporation. e1000e 0000:02:00.0: Disabling ASPM L0s e1000e 0000:02:00.0: PCI INT A -> GSI 16 (level, low) -> IRQ 16 e1000e 0000:02:00.0: setting latency timer to 64 e1000e 0000:02:00.0: irq 33 for MSI/MSI-X e1000e 0000:02:00.0: irq 34 for MSI/MSI-X e1000e 0000:02:00.0: irq 35 for MSI/MSI-X e1000e 0000:02:00.0: eth0: (PCI Express:2.5GT/s:Width x1) 00:25:90:70:17:4a e1000e 0000:02:00.0: eth0: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Connection e1000e 0000:02:00.0: eth0: MAC: 3, PHY: 8, PBA No: FFFFFF-0FF e1000e: eth0 NIC Link is Up 100 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: None e1000e 0000:02:00.0: eth0: 10/100 speed: disabling TSO e1000e: eth0 NIC Link is Up 100 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: None e1000e 0000:02:00.0: eth0: 10/100 speed: disabling TSO e1000e: eth0 NIC Link is Up 100 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: None e1000e 0000:02:00.0: eth0: 10/100 speed: disabling TSO e1000e: eth0 NIC Link is Up 100 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: None e1000e: eth0 NIC Link is Up 100 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: None e1000e 0000:02:00.0: eth0: 10/100 speed: disabling TSO e1000e 0000:02:00.0: eth0: 10/100 speed: disabling TSO e1000e 0000:02:00.0: eth0: Unsupported Speed/Duplex configuration e1000e: eth0 NIC Link is Up 10 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: None e1000e 0000:02:00.0: eth0: 10/100 speed: disabling TSO e1000e: eth0 NIC Link is Up 100 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: None e1000e 0000:02:00.0: eth0: 10/100 speed: disabling TSO e1000e: eth0 NIC Link is Up 100 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: None e1000e 0000:02:00.0: eth0: 10/100 speed: disabling TSO e1000e 0000:02:00.0: Disabling ASPM L1 e1000e 0000:02:00.0: eth0: changing MTU from 1500 to 9000 e1000e: eth0 NIC Link is Up 100 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: None e1000e 0000:02:00.0: eth0: 10/100 speed: disabling TSO e1000e: eth0 NIC Link is Up 100 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: None e1000e 0000:02:00.0: eth0: 10/100 speed: disabling TSO e1000e: eth0 NIC Link is Up 100 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: None e1000e 0000:02:00.0: eth0: 10/100 speed: disabling TSO

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• TCP/IP & throughput between FreeNAS (BSD) server & other LAN machines

  - by Tim Dickerson

  I have got a question for someone that knows BSD a bit better than me that are in regards to my LAN setup at home/work here outside Chicago. I can't seem to fully optimize my network's (LAN) thoughput via my FreeNAS (BSD based) file server. It runs with the latest FreeBSD release which is modified to support several protocols for file transfers and more. Every machine that is behind my Smoothwall (Linux based) router is on the usual 192.168.0.x subnet and for most part works just fine. Behind the Smoothwall box, all machines are connected to a GB HP unmanaged switch. I host a large WISP here and have an OC-3 connection here at home/work and have no issues with downloading/uploading from/to the 'net'. My problem is with throughput. When I try and transfer large files...really any for that matter..between any of the machines to/and from the FreeNAS server via FTP, the max throughput I can achieve say between a Win 7 or a Linux box is ~65Mbit/sec. All machines are running Intel Pro 1000 GB NIC's and all cable is CAT6. Each is set to 'auto negotiation' and each shows 1500 MTU Full Duplex @1GB so I know the hardware is okay. I have not adjusted the MTU on any machine as I understand it to be pointless unless certain configurations are used (I assume I am not one of those). My settings for the FreeNAS machine are the following: # FreeNAS /etc/sysctl.conf - pertinent settings shown kern.ipc.maxsockbuf=262144 kern.ipc.nmbclusters=32768 kern.ipc.somaxconn=8192 kern.maxfiles=65536 kern.maxfilesperproc=32768 net.inet.tcp.delayed_ack=0 net.inet.tcp.inflight.enable=0 net.inet.tcp.path_mtu_discovery=0 net.inet.tcp.recvbuf_auto=1 net.inet.tcp.recvbuf_inc=524288 net.inet.tcp.recvbuf_max=16777216 net.inet.tcp.recvspace=65536 net.inet.tcp.rfc1323=1 net.inet.tcp.sendbuf_inc=16384 net.inet.tcp.sendbuf_max=16777216 net.inet.tcp.sendspace=65536 net.inet.udp.recvspace=65536 net.local.stream.recvspace=65536 net.local.stream.sendspace=65536 net.inet.tcp.hostcache.expire=1 From what I can tell, that looks to be a somewhat optimized profile for a typical BSD machine acting as a server for a LAN. I might be wrong and just wanted to find out from someone that knows BSD better than I do if indeed that is ok or if something is out of tune or what. Are there other ways I would find better for P2P file transfers? I honestly do not know what I SHOULD be looking for with respect to throughput between the NAS box and another client when xferring files via FTP, but I am told that what I get on average (40-70MB/sec) is too low for what it could be. I have thought about adding another NIC in the FreeNAS box as well as the Win7 machine and use a X-over cable via a static route, but wanted to check with someone first to see if that might be worth it or not. I don't know if doing that would bypass the HP GB switch and allow for a machine to machine xfer anyways. The FTP client I use is: Filezilla and have tried both active and passive modes with no real gain over each other. The NAS box runs ProFTPD.

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• centos 6 ps aux hangs up

  - by Guntis

  I have problem with my server. Server is running centos 6 (CloudLinux Server release 6.2). uname -a = 2.6.32-320.4.1.lve1.1.4.el6.x86_64 That is a kvm guest. On host is debian 6. If i run command ps aux, it stuck on random process (shows some processes only), top command is working fine. htop doesn't work too (black screen). top - 12:11:51 up 34 min, 1 user, load average: 4.26, 6.71, 16.15 Tasks: 201 total, 7 running, 192 sleeping, 0 stopped, 2 zombie Cpu(s): 7.9%us, 2.8%sy, 0.0%ni, 87.5%id, 1.6%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.2%si, 0.0%st Mem: 9862044k total, 2359484k used, 7502560k free, 171720k buffers Swap: 10485720k total, 0k used, 10485720k free, 1336872k cached server has one Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5606 @ 2.13GHz, free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 9630 2336 7293 0 170 1324 -/+ buffers/cache: 841 8789 Swap: 10239 0 10239 php -v PHP 5.3.19 (cli) (built: Nov 28 2012 10:03:07) Copyright (c) 1997-2012 The PHP Group Zend Engine v2.3.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2012 Zend Technologies with the ionCube PHP Loader v4.2.2, Copyright (c) 2002-2012, by ionCube Ltd., and with Zend Guard Loader v3.3, Copyright (c) 1998-2010, by Zend Technologies with Suhosin v0.9.33, Copyright (c) 2007-2012, by SektionEins GmbH mysql Server version: 5.1.63-cll php -i disable_functions => apache_child_terminate, apache_setenv, define_syslog_variables, escapeshellarg, escapeshellcmd, eval, exec, fp, fput, ftp_connect, ftp_e xec, ftp_get, ftp_login, ftp_nb_fput, ftp_put, ftp_raw, ftp_rawlist, highlight_file, ini_alter, ini_get_all, ini_restore, inject_code, openlog, passthru, php _uname, phpAds_remoteInfo, phpAds_XmlRpc, phpAds_xmlrpcDecode, phpAds_xmlrpcEncode, popen, posix_getpwuid, posix_kill, posix_mkfifo, posix_setpgid, posix_set sid, posix_setuid, posix_setuid, posix_uname, proc_close, proc_get_status, proc_nice, proc_open, proc_terminate, shell_exec, syslog, system, xmlrpc_entity_de code, xmlrpc_server_create, putenv, show_source,mail => apache_child_terminate, apache_setenv, define_syslog_variables, escapeshellarg, escapeshellcmd, eval, exec, fp, fput, ftp_connect, ftp_exec, ftp_get, ftp_login, ftp_nb_fput, ftp_put, ftp_raw, ftp_rawlist, highlight_file, ini_alter, ini_get_all, ini_restore, inject_code, openlog, passthru, php_uname, phpAds_remoteInfo, phpAds_XmlRpc, phpAds_xmlrpcDecode, phpAds_xmlrpcEncode, popen, posix_getpwuid, posix_kill, pos ix_mkfifo, posix_setpgid, posix_setsid, posix_setuid, posix_setuid, posix_uname, proc_close, proc_get_status, proc_nice, proc_open, proc_terminate, shell_exe c, syslog, system, xmlrpc_entity_decode, xmlrpc_server_create, putenv, show_source,mail ... suhosin.executor.disable_eval => Off => Off suhosin.executor.eval.blacklist => include,include_once,require,require_once,curl_init,fpassthru,base64_encode,base64_decode,mail,exec,system,proc_open,leak, syslog,pfsockopen,shell_exec,ini_restore,symlink,stream_socket_server,proc_nice,popen,proc_get_status,dl, pcntl_exec, pcntl_fork, pcntl_signal,pcntl_waitpid, pcntl_wexitstatus, pcntl_wifexited, pcntl_wifsignaled,pcntl_wifstopped, pcntl_wstopsig, pcntl_wtermsig, socket_accept,socket_bind, socket_connect, socket_cr eate, socket_create_listen,socket_create_pair,link,register_shutdown_function,register_tick_function,gzinflate => include,include_once,require,require_once,c url_init,fpassthru,base64_encode,base64_decode,mail,exec,system,proc_open,leak,syslog,pfsockopen,shell_exec,ini_restore,symlink,stream_socket_server,proc_nic e,popen,proc_get_status,dl, pcntl_exec, pcntl_fork, pcntl_signal,pcntl_waitpid, pcntl_wexitstatus, pcntl_wifexited, pcntl_wifsignaled,pcntl_wifstopped, pcntl _wstopsig, pcntl_wtermsig, socket_accept,socket_bind, socket_connect, socket_create, socket_create_listen,socket_create_pair,link,register_shutdown_function, register_tick_function,gzinflate Sometimes i cannot kill httpd process. I run kill -9 PID even several times, and nothing happens. php runs via suphp. I learned somewhere that it can be trojan. I ran strace ps aux and it stops on open("/proc/PID/cmdline", O_RDONLY) If i reboot server, problem is gone but after some time it is back again .. :( Thanks.

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• System Requirements of a write-heavy applications serving hundreds of requests per second

  - by Rolando Cruz

  NOTE: I am a self-taught PHP developer who has little to none experience managing web and database servers. I am about to write a web-based attendance system for a very large userbase. I expect around 1000 to 1500 users logged-in at the same time making at least 1 request every 10 seconds or so for a span of 30 minutes a day, 3 times a week. So it's more or less 100 requests per second, or at the very worst 1000 requests in a second (average of 16 concurrent requests? But it could be higher given the short timeframe that users will make these requests. crosses fingers to avoid 100 concurrent requests). I expect two types of transactions, a local (not referring to a local network) and a foreign transaction. local transactions basically download userdata in their locality and cache it for 1 - 2 weeks. Attendance equests will probably be two numeric strings only: userid and eventid. foreign transactions are for attendance of those do not belong in the current locality. This will pass in the following data instead: (numeric) locality_id, (string) full_name. Both requests are done in Ajax so no HTML data included, only JSON. Both type of requests expect at the very least a single numeric response from the server. I think there will be a 50-50 split on the frequency of local and foreign transactions, but there's only a few bytes of difference anyways in the sizes of these transactions. As of this moment the userid may only reach 6 digits and eventid are 4 to 5-digit integers too. I expect my users table to have at least 400k rows, and the event table to have as many as 10k rows, a locality table with at least 1500 rows, and my main attendance table to increase by 400k rows (based on the number of users in the users table) a day for 3 days a week (1.2M rows a week). For me, this sounds big. But is this really that big? Or can this be handled by a single server (not sure about the server specs yet since I'll probably avail of a VPS from ServInt or others)? I tried to read on multiple server setups Heatbeat, DRBD, master-slave setups. But I wonder if they're really necessary. the users table will add around 500 1k rows a week. If this can't be handled by a single server, then if I am to choose a MySQL replication topology, what would be the best setup for this case? Sorry, if I sound vague or the question is too wide. I just don't know what to ask or what do you want to know at this point.

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