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• Managing logs/warnings in Python extensions

  - by Dimitri Tcaciuc

  TL;DR version: What do you use for configurable (and preferably captured) logging inside your C++ bits in a Python project? Details follow. Say you have a a few compiled .so modules that may need to do some error checking and warn user of (partially) incorrect data. Currently I'm having a pretty simplistic setup where I'm using logging framework from Python code and log4cxx library from C/C++. log4cxx log level is defined in a file (log4cxx.properties) and is currently fixed and I'm thinking how to make it more flexible. Couple of choices that I see: One way to control it would be to have a module-wide configuration call. # foo/__init__.py import sys from _foo import import bar, baz, configure_log configure_log(sys.stdout, WARNING) # tests/test_foo.py def test_foo(): # Maybe a custom context to change the logfile for # the module and restore it at the end. with CaptureLog(foo) as log: assert foo.bar() == 5 assert log.read() == "124.24 - foo - INFO - Bar returning 5" Have every compiled function that does logging accept optional log parameters. # foo.c int bar(PyObject* x, PyObject* logfile, PyObject* loglevel) { LoggerPtr logger = default_logger("foo"); if (logfile != Py_None) logger = file_logger(logfile, loglevel); ... } # tests/test_foo.py def test_foo(): with TemporaryFile() as logfile: assert foo.bar(logfile=logfile, loglevel=DEBUG) == 5 assert logfile.read() == "124.24 - foo - INFO - Bar returning 5" Some other way? Second one seems to be somewhat cleaner, but it requires function signature alteration (or using kwargs and parsing them). First one is.. probably somewhat awkward but sets up entire module in one go and removes logic from each individual function. What are your thoughts on this? I'm all ears to alternative solutions as well. Thanks,

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• general learning methodology

  - by momo

  just wanted to hear on the different general learning paths people embark on when learning a new language/framework. the one i currently use, which is how i learned bash and am currently learning python, is: instant hacking tutorial (very short tutorial introducing the basic syntax, variable declaration, loops, data types, etc. and how they are generally used) in depth tutorial with good programming style and slightly topic-specific (e.g. Mark Pilgrim's Dive into Python), important topics for me personally are regex methods, file IO, and ways the different data types are utilized best (i wrote a very primitive bayesian spam filter using python's dictionaries to keep track of word occurrences) spaced-repition of syntax or short recipes (i use anki, with questions like 'create dictionary with filename and filesize metadata, human-readable' or simpler ones like 'match 0 - 3 occurences of the letter M in a string', or 'return/create an iterator from two sequences') the use of spaced-repitition has been invaluable, and i credit it with the ease that i can recall/create python algorithms. however, i've recently started looking into django, and i've found that spaced-repitition, at least in my case, doesn't work very well for learning a framework, it works best with short code recipes (either that or i should start looking into more basic django framework tutorials). the problem i'm encountering is that since framework programming is not only algorithms, but actually learning the API, which can be quite complex since you have to learn all the methods, modules, the places where they are stored, and the sequence of which things have to be done. for ex. in django to start a project that deals with polls (from the django tutorial), one has to create the project, edit the settings.py file, create the polls app, edit the models.py file (which requires knowing the classes that are present in the module models), edit the urls.py file, etc. i found that my spaced-repition method didn't work very well for this type of learning, so i wanted to ask you guys what method(s) you use for learning the different frameworks/APIs.

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• Python: circular imports needed for type checking

  - by phild

  First of all: I do know that there are already many questions and answers to the topic of the circular imports. The answer is more or less: "Design your Module/Class structure properly and you will not need circular imports". That is true. I tried very hard to make a proper design for my current project, I in my opinion I was successful with this. But my specific problem is the following: I need a type check in a module that is already imported by the module containing the class to check against. But this throws an import error. Like so: foo.py: from bar import Bar class Foo(object): def __init__(self): self.__bar = Bar(self) bar.py: from foo import Foo class Bar(object): def __init__(self, arg_instance_of_foo): if not isinstance(arg_instance_of_foo, Foo): raise TypeError() Solution 1: If I modified it to check the type by a string comparison, it will work. But I dont really like this solution (string comparsion is rather expensive for a simple type check, and could get a problem when it comes to refactoring). bar_modified.py: from foo import Foo class Bar(object): def __init__(self, arg_instance_of_foo): if not arg_instance_of_foo.__class__.__name__ == "Foo": raise TypeError() Solution 2: I could also pack the two classes into one module. But my project has lots of different classes like the "Bar" example, and I want to seperate them into different module files. After my own 2 solutions are no option for me: Has anyone a nicer solution for this problem?

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• Trying to get django app to work with mod_wsgi on CentOS 5

  - by David

  I'm running CentOS 5, and am trying to get a django application working with mod_wsgi. I'm using .wsgi settings I got working on Ubuntu. Here is the error: [Thu Mar 04 10:52:15 2010] [error] [client 10.1.0.251] SystemError: dynamic module not initialized properly [Thu Mar 04 10:52:15 2010] [error] [client 10.1.0.251] mod_wsgi (pid=23630): Target WSGI script '/data/hosting/cubedev/apache/django.wsgi' cannot be loaded as Python module. [Thu Mar 04 10:52:15 2010] [error] [client 10.1.0.251] mod_wsgi (pid=23630): Exception occurred processing WSGI script '/data/hosting/cubedev/apache/django.wsgi'. [Thu Mar 04 10:52:15 2010] [error] [client 10.1.0.251] Traceback (most recent call last): [Thu Mar 04 10:52:15 2010] [error] [client 10.1.0.251] File "/data/hosting/cubedev/apache/django.wsgi", line 8, in [Thu Mar 04 10:52:15 2010] [error] [client 10.1.0.251] import django.core.handlers.wsgi [Thu Mar 04 10:52:15 2010] [error] [client 10.1.0.251] File "/opt/python2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/core/handlers/wsgi.py", line 1, in [Thu Mar 04 10:52:15 2010] [error] [client 10.1.0.251] from threading import Lock [Thu Mar 04 10:52:15 2010] [error] [client 10.1.0.251] File "/opt/python2.6/lib/python2.6/threading.py", line 13, in [Thu Mar 04 10:52:15 2010] [error] [client 10.1.0.251] from functools import wraps [Thu Mar 04 10:52:15 2010] [error] [client 10.1.0.251] File "/opt/python2.6/lib/python2.6/functools.py", line 10, in [Thu Mar 04 10:52:15 2010] [error] [client 10.1.0.251] from _functools import partial, reduce [Thu Mar 04 10:52:15 2010] [error] [client 10.1.0.251] SystemError: dynamic module not initialized properly And here is my .wsgi file import os import sys os.environ['PYTHON_EGG_CACHE'] = '/tmp/django/' os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'cube.settings' sys.path.append('/data/hosting/cubedev') import django.core.handlers.wsgi application = django.core.handlers.wsgi.WSGIHandler()

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• PySide Qt script doesn't launch from Spyder but works from shell

  - by Maxim Zaslavsky

  I have a weird bug in my project that uses PySide for its Qt GUI, and in response I'm trying to test with simpler code that sets up the environment. Here is the code I am testing with: http://stackoverflow.com/a/6906552/130164 When I launch that from my shell (python test.py), it works perfectly. However, when I run that script in Spyder, I get the following error: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/home/test/Desktop/test/test.py", line 31, in <module> app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv) RuntimeError: A QApplication instance already exists. If it helps, I also get the following warning: /usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6/matplotlib/__init__.py:835: UserWarning: This call to matplotlib.use() has no effect because the the backend has already been chosen; matplotlib.use() must be called *before* pylab, matplotlib.pyplot, or matplotlib.backends is imported for the first time. Why does that code work when launched from my shell but not from Spyder? Update: Mata answered that the problem happens because Spyder uses Qt, which makes sense. For now, I've set up execution in Spyder using the "Execute in an external system terminal" option, which doesn't cause errors but doesn't allow debugging, either. Does Spyder have any built-in workarounds to this?

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• Django: How to dynamically add tag field to third party apps without touching app's source code

  - by Chris Lawlor

  Scenario: large project with many third party apps. Want to add tagging to those apps without having to modify the apps' source. My first thought was to first specify a list of models in settings.py (like ['appname.modelname',], and call django-tagging's register function on each of them. The register function adds a TagField and a custom manager to the specified model. The problem with that approach is that the function needs to run BEFORE the DB schema is generated. I tried running the register function directly in settings.py, but I need django.db.models.get_model to get the actual model reference from only a string, and I can't seem to import that from settings.py - no matter what I try I get an ImportError. The tagging.register function imports OK however. So I changed tactics and wrote a custom management command in an otherwise empty app. The problem there is that the only signal which hooks into syncdb is post_syncdb which is useless to me since it fires after the DB schema has been generated. The only other approach I can think of at the moment is to generate and run a 'south' like database schema migration. This seems more like a hack than a solution. This seems like it should be a pretty common need, but I haven't been able to find a clean solution. So my question is: Is it possible to dynamically add fields to a model BEFORE the schema is generated, but more specifically, is it possible to add tagging to a third party model without editing it's source. To clarify, I know it is possible to create and store Tags without having a TagField on the model, but there is a major flaw in that approach in that it is difficult to simultaneously create and tag a new model.

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• Auto filling polymorphic table on save or on delete in django

  - by Mo J. Mughrabi

  Hi, Am working on an project in which I made an app "core" it will contain some of the reused models across my projects, most of those are polymorphic models (Generic content types) and will be linked to different models. Example below am trying to create audit model and will be linked to several models which may require auditing. This is the polls/models.py from django.db import models from django.contrib.auth.models import User from core.models import * from django.contrib.contenttypes import generic class Poll(models.Model): ## TODO: Document question = models.CharField(max_length=300) question_slug=models.SlugField(editable=False) start_poll_at = models.DateTimeField(null=True) end_poll_at = models.DateTimeField(null=True) is_active = models.BooleanField(default=True) audit_obj=generic.GenericRelation(Audit) def __unicode__(self): return self.question class Choice(models.Model): ## TODO: Document choice = models.CharField(max_length=200) poll=models.ForeignKey(Poll) audit_obj=generic.GenericRelation(Audit) class Vote(models.Model): ## TODO: Document choice=models.ForeignKey(Choice) Ip_Address=models.IPAddressField(editable=False) vote_at=models.DateTimeField("Vote at", editable=False) here is the core/modes.py from django.db import models from django.contrib.auth.models import User from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType from django.contrib.contenttypes import generic class Audit(models.Model): ## TODO: Document # Polymorphic model using generic relation through DJANGO content type created_at = models.DateTimeField("Created at", auto_now_add=True) created_by = models.ForeignKey(User, db_column="created_by", related_name="%(app_label)s_%(class)s_y+") updated_at = models.DateTimeField("Updated at", auto_now=True) updated_by = models.ForeignKey(User, db_column="updated_by", null=True, blank=True, related_name="%(app_label)s_%(class)s_y+") content_type = models.ForeignKey(ContentType) object_id = models.PositiveIntegerField(unique=True) content_object = generic.GenericForeignKey('content_type', 'object_id') and here is polls/admin.py from django.core.context_processors import request from polls.models import Poll, Choice from core.models import * from django.contrib import admin class ChoiceInline(admin.StackedInline): model = Choice extra = 3 class PollAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): inlines = [ChoiceInline] admin.site.register(Poll, PollAdmin) Am quite new to django, what am trying to do here, insert a record in audit when a record is inserted in polls and then update that same record when a record is updated in polls.

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• Dynamically setting the queryset of a ModelMultipleChoiceField to a custom recordset

  - by Daniel Quinn

  I've seen all the howtos about how you can set a ModelMultipleChoiceField to use a custom queryset and I've tried them and they work. However, they all use the same paradigm: the queryset is just a filtered list of the same objects. In my case, I'm trying to get the admin to draw a multiselect form that instead of using usernames as the text portion of the , I'd like to use the name field from my account class. Here's a breakdown of what I've got: # models.py class Account(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=128,help_text="A display name that people understand") user = models.ForeignKey(User, unique=True) # Tied to the User class in settings.py class Organisation(models.Model): administrators = models.ManyToManyField(User) # admin.py from django.forms import ModelMultipleChoiceField from django.contrib.auth.models import User class OrganisationAdminForm(forms.ModelForm): def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): from ethico.accounts.models import Account self.base_fields["administrators"] = ModelMultipleChoiceField( queryset=User.objects.all(), required=False ) super(OrganisationAdminForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) class Meta: model = Organisation This works, however, I want queryset above to draw a selectbox with the Account.name property and the User.id property. This didn't work: queryset=Account.objects.all().order_by("name").values_list("user","name") It failed with this error: 'tuple' object has no attribute 'pk' I figured that this would be easy, but it's turned into hours of dead-ends. Anyone care to shed some light?

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• wxPython: How to handle event binding and Show() properly.

  - by Gopal

  Hi all, I'm just starting out with wxPython and this is what I would like to do: a) Show a Frame (with Panel inside it) and a button on that panel. b) When I press the button, a dialog box pops up (where I can select from a choice). c) When I press ok on dialog box, the dialog box should disappear (destroyed), but the original Frame+Panel+button are still there. d) If I press that button again, the dialog box will reappear. My code is given below. Unfortunately, I get the reverse effect. That is, a) The Selection-Dialog box shows up first (i.e., without clicking on any button since the TopLevelframe+button is never shown). b) When I click ok on dialog box, then the frame with button appears. c) Clicking on button again has no effect (i.e., dialog box does not show up again). What am I doing wrong ? It seems that as soon as the frame is initialized (even before the .Show() is called), the dialog box is initialized and shown automatically. I am doing this using Eclipse+Pydev on WindowsXP with Python 2.6 ============File:MainFile.py=============== import wx import MyDialog #This is implemented in another file: MyDialog.py class TopLevelFrame(wx.Frame): def __init__(self,parent,id): wx.Frame.__init__(self,parent,id,"Test",size=(300,200)) panel=wx.Panel(self) button=wx.Button(panel, label='Show Dialog', pos=(130,20), size=(60,20)) # Bind EVENTS --> HANDLERS. button.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, MyDialog.start(self)) # Run the main loop to start program. if __name__=='__main__': app=wx.PySimpleApp() TopLevelFrame(parent=None, id=-1).Show() app.MainLoop() ============File:MyDialog.py=============== import wx def start(parent): inputbox = wx.SingleChoiceDialog(None,'Choose Fruit', 'Selection Title', ['apple','banana','orange','papaya']) if inputbox.ShowModal()==wx.ID_OK: answer = inputbox.GetStringSelection() inputbox.Destroy()

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• Python modules not updating after restarting the main module.

  - by Ian

  I've recently come back to a project having had to stop for about 6 months, and after reinstalling my operating system and coming back to it I'm having all kinds of crazy things happen. I made sure to install the same version(2.6) of python that I was using before. It started by giving me strange tkinter error that I hadn't had trouble with before, the program is relatively simple and the 2 or 3 bugs that were left when i quit, I had documented and weren't related to the interface. Things got even weirder when the same error would pop up even after I had removed the offending section of code. In fact, the traceback pointed to a line that didn't even exist in the module it was referencing, eg: line 262 when the module was only 200 lines long. After just starting a completely new file for the main module and copy/pasting it finally recognized that the offending code was gone and I stopped getting the error only to find that any updates to the code I made in another module didn't show up when I restarted the program through the shell. (I didn't forget to save.) After fiddling with this, of course, the old interface error came back, only in a different section of code that had been working previously. In fact, if I revert back to the files I had six months ago, the program works fine. As soon as I change anything in the main module, however, the interface bug comes back. Here's the original error: Exception in Tkinter callback Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Python26\lib\lib-tk\Tkinter.py", line 1410, in __call__ return self.func(*args) File "C:\PyStuff\interface.py", line 202, in dispOne __main__.top.destroy() File "C:\Python26\lib\lib-tk\Tkinter.py", line 1938, in destroy self.tk.call('destroy', self._w) TclError: can't invoke "destroy" command: application has been destroyed I'm guessing something else is going on here other than my own poor programming. Anyone have any ideas?

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• Python: Copying files with special characters in path

  - by erikderwikinger

  Hi is there any possibility in Python 2.5 to copy files having special chars (Japanese chars, cyrillic letters) in their path? shutil.copy cannot handle this. here is some example code: import copy, os,shutil,sys fname=os.getenv("USERPROFILE")+"\\Desktop\\testfile.txt" print fname print "type of fname: "+str(type(fname)) fname0 = unicode(fname,'mbcs') print fname0 print "type of fname0: "+str(type(fname0)) fname1 = unicodedata.normalize('NFKD', fname0).encode('cp1251','replace') print fname1 print "type of fname1: "+str(type(fname1)) fname2 = unicode(fname,'mbcs').encode(sys.stdout.encoding) print fname2 print "type of fname2: "+str(type(fname2)) shutil.copy(fname2,'C:\\') the output on a Russian Windows XP C:\Documents and Settings\+????????????\Desktop\testfile.txt type of fname: <type 'str'> C:\Documents and Settings\?????????????\Desktop\testfile.txt type of fname0: <type 'unicode'> C:\Documents and Settings\+????????????\Desktop\testfile.txt type of fname1: <type 'str'> C:\Documents and Settings\?????????????\Desktop\testfile.txt type of fname2: <type 'str'> Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Test\getuserdir.py", line 23, in <module> shutil.copy(fname2,'C:\\') File "C:\Python25\lib\shutil.py", line 80, in copy copyfile(src, dst) File "C:\Python25\lib\shutil.py", line 46, in copyfile fsrc = open(src, 'rb') IOError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'C:\\Documents and Settings\\\x80\ xa4\xac\xa8\xad\xa8\xe1\xe2\xe0\xa0\xe2\xae\xe0\\Desktop\\testfile.txt'

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• Retrieving models from form with ModelMultipleChoiceField

  - by colinjameswebb

  I am having difficulties with forms, specifically ModelMultipleChoiceField. I've pieced together this code from various examples, but it sadly doesn't work. I would like to be able to: Search for some Works on work_search.html Display the results of the search, with checkboxes next to each result Select the Works I want, via the checkboxes After pressing Add, display which works were selected. I believe everything is okay except the last part. The page simply displays "works" :( Here is the code - sorry about the length. Models.py class Work(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=200) artist = models.CharField(max_length=200) writers = models.CharField(max_length=200) def __unicode__(self): return self.title + ' - ' + self.artist forms.py class WorkSelectForm(forms.Form): def __init__(self, queryset, *args, **kwargs): super(WorkSelectForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) self.fields['works'] = forms.ModelMultipleChoiceField(queryset=queryset, widget=forms.CheckboxSelectMultiple()) views.py def work_search(request): query = request.GET.get('q', '') if query: qset = ( Q(title__icontains=query) | Q(artist__icontains=query) | Q(writers__icontains=query) ) results = Work.objects.filter(qset).distinct() form = WorkSelectForm(results) return render_to_response("work_search.html", {"form": form, "query": query }) else: results = [] return render_to_response("work_search.html", {"query": query }) def add_works(request): #if request.method == POST: form = WorkSelectForm(request.POST) #if form.isvalid(): items = form.fields['works'].queryset return render_to_response("add_works.html", {"items":items}) work_search.html {% extends "base.html" %} {% block content %} <h1>Search</h1> <form action="." method="GET"> <label for="q">Search: </label> <input type="text" name="q" value="{{ query|escape }}"> <input type="submit" value="Search"> </form> {% if query %} <h2>Results for "{{ query|escape }}":</h2> <form action="add_works" method="post"> <ul> {% if form %} {{ form.as_ul }} {% endif %} </ul> <input type="submit" value="Add"> </form> {% endif %} {% endblock %} add_works.html {% extends "base.html" %} {% block content %} {% if items %} {% for item in items %} {{ item }} {% endfor %} {% else %} <p>Nothing selected</p> {% endif %} {% endblock %}

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• python on apache - getting 404

  - by Kirby

  I edited this question after i found a solution... i need to understand why the solution worked instead of my method? This is likely to be a silly question. I tried searching other questions that are related... but to no avail. i am running Apache/2.2.11 (Ubuntu) DAV/2 SVN/1.5.4 PHP/5.2.6-3ubuntu4.5 with Suhosin-Patch mod_python/3.3.1 Python/2.6.2 i have a script called test.py #! /usr/bin/python print "Content-Type: text/html" # HTML is following print # blank line, end of headers print "hello world" running it as an executable works... /var/www$ ./test.py Content-Type: text/html hello world when i run http://localhost/test.py i get a 404 error. What am i missing? i used this resource to enable python parsing on apache. http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=91101 From that same thread... the following code worked.. why? #!/usr/bin/python import sys import time def index(req): # Following line causes error to be sent to browser # rather than to log file (great for debug!) sys.stderr = sys.stdout #print "Content-type: text/html\n" #print """ blah1 = """<html> <head><title>A page from Python</title></head> <body> <h4>This page is generated by a Python script!</h4> The current date and time is """ now = time.gmtime() displaytime = time.strftime("%A %d %B %Y, %X",now) #print displaytime, blah1 += displaytime #print """ blah1 += """ <hr> Well House Consultants demonstration </body> </html> """ return blah1

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• Specifying different initial values for fields in inherited models (django)

  - by Shawn Chin

  Question : What is the recommended way to specify an initial value for fields if one uses model inheritance and each child model needs to have different default values when rendering a ModelForm? Take for example the following models where CompileCommand and TestCommand both need different initial values when rendered as ModelForm. # ------ models.py class ShellCommand(models.Model): command = models.Charfield(_("command"), max_length=100) arguments = models.Charfield(_("arguments"), max_length=100) class CompileCommand(ShellCommand): # ... default command should be "make" class TestCommand(ShellCommand): # ... default: command = "make", arguments = "test" I am aware that one can used the initial={...} argument when instantiating the form, however I would rather store the initial values within the context of the model (or at least within the associated ModelForm). My current approach What I'm doing at the moment is storing an initial value dict within Meta, and checking for it in my views. # ----- forms.py class CompileCommandForm(forms.ModelForm): class Meta: model = CompileCommand initial_values = {"command":"make"} class TestCommandForm(forms.ModelForm): class Meta: model = TestCommand initial_values = {"command":"make", "arguments":"test"} # ------ in views FORM_LOOKUP = { "compile": CompileCommandFomr, "test": TestCommandForm } CmdForm = FORM_LOOKUP.get(command_type, None) # ... initial = getattr(CmdForm, "initial_values", {}) form = CmdForm(initial=initial) This feels too much like a hack. I am eager for a more generic / better way to achieve this. Suggestions appreciated. Other attempts I have toyed around with overriding the constructor for the submodels: class CompileCommand(ShellCommand): def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): kwargs.setdefault('command', "make") super(CompileCommand, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) and this works when I try to create an object from the shell: >>> c = CompileCommand(name="xyz") >>> c.save() <CompileCommand: 123> >>> c.command 'make' However, this does not set the default value when the associated ModelForm is rendered, which unfortunately is what I'm trying to achieve. Update 2 (looks promising) I now have the following in forms.py which allow me to set Meta.default_initial_values without needing extra code in views. class ModelFormWithDefaults(forms.ModelForm): def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): if hasattr(self.Meta, "default_initial_values"): kwargs.setdefault("initial", self.Meta.default_initial_values) super(ModelFormWithDefaults, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) class TestCommandForm(ModelFormWithDefaults): class Meta: model = TestCommand default_initial_values = {"command":"make", "arguments":"test"}

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• Django Model Formset Pre-Filled Value Problem

  - by user552377

  Hi, i'm trying to use model formsets with Django. When i load forms template, i see that it's filled-up with previous values. Is there a caching mechanism that i should stop, or what? Thanks for your help, here is my code: models.py class FooModel( models.Model ): a_field = models.FloatField() b_field = models.FloatField() def __unicode__( self ): return self.a_field forms.py from django.forms.models import modelformset_factory FooFormSet = modelformset_factory(FooModel) views.py def foo_func(request): if request.method == 'POST': formset = FooFormSet(request.POST, request.FILES, prefix='foo_prefix' ) if formset.is_valid(): formset.save() return HttpResponseRedirect( '/true/' ) else: return HttpResponseRedirect( '/false/' ) else: formset = FooFormSet(prefix='foo_prefix') variables = RequestContext( request , { 'formset':formset , } ) return render_to_response('footemplate.html' , variables ) template: <form method="post" action="."> {% csrf_token %} <input type="submit" value="Submit" /> <table id="FormsetTable" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> {% for form in formset.forms %} <tr> <td>{{ form.a_field }}</td> <td>{{ form.b_field }}</td> </tr> {% endfor %} </tbody> </table> {{ formset.management_form }} </form>

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• How to run perl script with a few arguments from php

  - by Cristalla

  My html webpage calls php script to upload files to the server from a local computer as follows. <form enctype="multipart/form-data" action="upload.php" method="POST"> <p><b><h3> <font color="#003366"> (1) Upload your reading text file. </font> </h3> </b> </p> <INPUT type="file" name="uploaded" size="50" > <br/> <input type="submit" name="files" value="upload"> </form> In order to process with an uploaded file, my php script calls shell script $output=system('/bin/sh connector_0.sh'); and my shell script is composed of a series of python/perl scripts. #!/bin/sh python main_senselearner_final_0.py senseLearner.pl -i Uploaded_Files/slinput_0.txt -o Uploaded_Files/presloutput_0 .txt -model modelNNCollocations -model modelJJCollocations -model modelVBColloc ations -pos python smutngslout_0.py python genhtml_0.py Now, the problem is the following: all python scripts in shell script worked fine through php. But perl script didn't work. When I run shell script by myself in my server, all four scripts in shell worked perfectly. However, when I run shell script from php, only perl script doesn't work. Would you please give me any tips to solve this problem? Many thanks!!!

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• Heroku DJango app development on Windows

  - by Cliff

  I'm trying to start a Django app on Heroku using Windows and I'm getting stuck on the following error when I try to pip install psycopg2: Downloading/unpacking psycopg2 Downloading psycopg2-2.4.5.tar.gz (719Kb): 719Kb downloaded Running setup.py egg_info for package psycopg2 Error: pg_config executable not found. Please add the directory containing pg_config to the PATH or specify the full executable path with the option: python setup.py build_ext --pg-config /path/to/pg_config build ... or with the pg_config option in 'setup.cfg'. Complete output from command python setup.py egg_info: running egg_info creating pip-egg-info\psycopg2.egg-info writing pip-egg-info\psycopg2.egg-info\PKG-INFO writing top-level names to pip-egg-info\psycopg2.egg-info\top_level.txt writing dependency_links to pip-egg-info\psycopg2.egg-info\dependency_links.txt writing manifest file 'pip-egg-info\psycopg2.egg-info\SOURCES.txt' warning: manifest_maker: standard file '-c' not found I've googled the error and it seems you need libpq-dev python-dev as dependencies for postgres under Python. I also turned up a link that says you gt into trouble if you don't have the postgres bin folder in your Path so I installed Postgres manually and tried again. This time I get: error: Unable to find vcvarsall.bat I am still a python N00b so I am lost. Could someone point me in a general direction?

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• Communicating with a running python daemon

  - by hanksims

  I wrote a small Python application that runs as a daemon. It utilizes threading and queues. I'm looking for general approaches to altering this application so that I can communicate with it while it's running. Mostly I'd like to be able to monitor its health. In a nutshell, I'd like to be able to do something like this: python application.py start # launches the daemon Later, I'd like to be able to come along and do something like: python application.py check_queue_size # return info from the daemonized process To be clear, I don't have any problem implementing the Django-inspired syntax. What I don't have any idea how to do is to send signals to the daemonized process (start), or how to write the daemon to handle and respond to such signals. Like I said above, I'm looking for general approaches. The only one I can see right now is telling the daemon constantly log everything that might be needed to a file, but I hope there's a less messy way to go about it. UPDATE: Wow, a lot of great answers. Thanks so much. I think I'll look at both Pyro and the web.py/Werkzeug approaches, since Twisted is a little more than I want to bite off at this point. The next conceptual challenge, I suppose, is how to go about talking to my worker threads without hanging them up. Thanks again.

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• sqlobject: No connection has been defined for this thread or process

  - by Claudiu

  I'm using sqlobject in Python. I connect to the database with conn = connectionForURI(connStr) conn.makeConnection() This succeeds, and I can do queries on the connection: g_conn = conn.getConnection() cur = g_conn.cursor() cur.execute(query) res = cur.fetchall() This works as intended. However, I also defined some classes, e.g: class User(SQLObject): class sqlmeta: table = "gui_user" username = StringCol(length=16, alternateID=True) password = StringCol(length=16) balance = FloatCol(default=0) When I try to do a query using the class: User.selectBy(username="foo") I get an exception: ... File "c:\python25\lib\site-packages\SQLObject-0.12.4-py2.5.egg\sqlobject\main.py", line 1371, in selectBy conn = connection or cls._connection File "c:\python25\lib\site-packages\SQLObject-0.12.4-py2.5.egg\sqlobject\dbconnection.py", line 837, in __get__ return self.getConnection() File "c:\python25\lib\site-packages\SQLObject-0.12.4-py2.5.egg\sqlobject\dbconnection.py", line 850, in getConnection "No connection has been defined for this thread " AttributeError: No connection has been defined for this thread or process How do I define a connection for a thread? I just realized I can pass in a connection keyword which I can give conn to to make it work, but how do I get it to work if I weren't to do that?

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• Python server open all ports

  - by user1670178

  I am trying to open all ports using this code, why can I not create a loop to perform this function? http://www.kellbot.com/2010/02/tutorial-writing-a-tcp-server-in-python/ #!/usr/bin/python # This is server.py file ##server.py from socket import * #import the socket library n=1025 while n<1050: ##let's set up some constants HOST = '' #we are the host PORT = n #arbitrary port not currently in use ADDR = (HOST,PORT) #we need a tuple for the address BUFSIZE = 4096 #reasonably sized buffer for data ## now we create a new socket object (serv) ## see the python docs for more information on the socket types/flags serv = socket( AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM) ##bind our socket to the address serv.bind((ADDR)) #the double parens are to create a tuple with one element serv.listen(5) #5 is the maximum number of queued connections we'll allow serv = socket( AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM) ##bind our socket to the address serv.bind((ADDR)) #the double parens are to create a tuple with one element serv.listen(5) #5 is the maximum number of queued connections we'll allow print 'listening...' n=n+1 conn,addr = serv.accept() #accept the connection print '...connected!' conn.send('TEST') conn.close() How do I make this work so that I can specify input range and have the server open all ports up to 65535? #!/usr/bin/python # This is server.py file from socket import * #import the socket library startingPort=input("\nPlease enter starting port: ") startingPort=int(startingPort) #print startingPort def connection(): ## let's set up some constants HOST = '' #we are the host PORT = startingPort #arbitrary port not currently in use ADDR = (HOST,PORT) #we need a tuple for the address BUFSIZE = 4096 #reasonably sized buffer for data def socketObject(): ## now we create a new socket object (serv) serv = socket( AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM) def bind(): ## bind our socket to the address serv = socket( AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM) serv.bind((ADDR)) #the double parens are to create a tuple with one element serv.listen(5) #5 is the maximum number of queued connections we'll allow serv = socket( AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM) print 'listening...' def accept(): conn,addr = serv.accept() #accept the connection print '...connected!' conn.send('TEST') def close(): conn.close() ## Main while startingPort<65535: connection() socketObject() bind() accept() startingPort=startingPort+1

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• How do I install Catia V5 in Wine?

  - by user73160

  I try to install Catia V5R19 (or V5R18) using Wine. I have Ubuntu 12.04 with all up dates. I install wine Terminal winetricks vcrun2005 vcrun2008 I copy msdrm.dll in *.wine/drive_c/windows/system32* I mount Catia ISO and launch setup.exe Error : Wrong parameters The setup launches, and after validating the installation I got a frozen screen See screenshot < Any advice ? Solution ? Thanks !

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• I have Oracle SQL Developer Installed, Now What?

  - by thatjeffsmith

  If you’re here because you downloaded a copy of Oracle SQL Developer and now you need help connecting to a database, then you’re in the right place. I’ll show you what you need to get up and going so you can finish your homework, teach yourself Oracle database, or get ready for that job interview. You’ll need about 30 minutes to set everything up…and about 5 years to become proficient with Oracle Oracle Database come with SQL Developer but SQL Developer doesn’t include a database If you install Oracle database, it includes a copy of SQL Developer. If you’re running that copy of SQL Developer, please take a second to upgrade now, as it is WAY out of date. But I’m here to talk to the folks that have downloaded SQL Developer and want to know what to do next. You’ve got it running. You see this ‘Connection’ dialog, and… Where am I connecting to, and who as? You NEED a database Installing SQL Developer does not give you a database. So you’re going to need to install Oracle and create a database, or connect to a database that is already up and running somewhere. Basically you need to know the following: where is this database, what’s it called, and what port is the listener running on? The Default Connection properties in SQL Developer These default settings CAN work, but ONLY if you have installed Oracle Database Express Edition (XE). Localhost is a network alias for 127.0.0.1 which is an IP address that maps to the ‘local’ machine, or the machine you are reading this blog post on. The listener is a service that runs on the server and handles connections for the databases on that machine. You can run a database without a listener and you can run a listener without a database, but you can’t connect to a database on a different server unless both that database and listener are up and running. Each listener ‘listens’ on one or more ports, you need to know the port number for each connection. The default port is 1521, but 1522 is often pretty common. I know all of this sounds very complicated Oracle is a very sophisticated piece of software. It’s not analogous to downloading a mobile phone app and and using it 10 seconds later. It’s not like installing Office/Access either – it requires services, environment setup, kernel tweaks, etc. However. Normally an administrator will setup and install Oracle, create the database, and configure the listener for everyone else to use. They’ll often also setup the connection details for everyone via a ‘TNSNAMES.ORA’ file. This file contains a list of database connection details for folks to browse – kind of like an Oracle database phoneboook. If someone has given you a TNSNAMES.ORA file, or setup your machine to have access to a TNSNAMES file, then you can just switch to the ‘TNS’ connection type, and use the dropdown to select the database you want to connect to. Then you don’t have to worry about the server names, database names, and the port numbers. ORCL – that sounds promising! ORCL is the default SID when creating a new database with the Database Creation Assistant (DBCA). It’s just me, and I need help! No administrator, no database, no nothing. What do you do? You have a few options: Buy a copy of Oracle and download, install, and create a database Download and install XE (FREE!) Download, import, and run our Developer Days Hands-on-Lab (FREE!) If you’re a student (or anyone else) with little to no experience with Oracle, then I recommend the third option. Oracle Technology Network Developer Day: Hands-on Database Application Development Lab The OTN lab runs on a A Virtual Box image which contains: 11gR2 Enterprise Edition copy of Oracle a database and listener running for you to connect to lots of demo data for you to play with SQL Developer installed and ready to connect Some browser based labs you can step through to learn Oracle You download the image, you download and install Virtual Box (also FREE!), then you IMPORT the image you previously downloaded. You then ‘Start’ the image. It will boot a copy of Oracle Enterprise Linux (OEL), start your database, and all that jazz. You can then start up and run SQL Developer inside the image OR you can connect to the database running on the image using the copy of SQL Developer you installed on your host machine. Setup Port Forwarding to Make It Easy to Connect From Your Host When you start the image, it will be assigned an IP address. Depending on what network adapter you select in the image preferences, you may get something that can get out to the internet from your image, something your host machine can see and connect to, or something that kind of just lives out there in a vacuum. You want to avoid the ‘vacuum’ option – unless you’re OK with running SQL Developer inside the Linux image. Open the Virtual Box image properties and go to the Networking options. We’re going to setup port forwarding. This will tell your machine that anything that happens on port 1521 (the default Oracle Listener port), should just go to the image’s port 1521. So I can connect to ‘localhost’ and it will magically get transferred to the image that is running. Oracle Virtual Box Port Forwarding 1521 listener database Now You Just Need a Username and Password The default passwords on this image are all ‘oracle’ – so you can connect as SYS, HR, or whatever – just use ‘oracle’ as the password. The Linux passowrds are all ‘oracle’ too, so you can login as ‘root’ or as ‘oracle’ in the Linux desktop. Connect! Connect as HR to your Oracle database running on the OTN Developer Days Virtual Box image If you’re connecting to someone else’s database, you need to ask the person that manages that environment to create for you an account. Don’t try to ‘guess’ or ‘figure out’ what the username and password is. Introduce yourself, explain your situation, and ask kindly for access. This is your first test – can you connect? I know it’s hard to get started with Oracle. There are however many things we offer to make this easier. You’ll need to do a bit of RTM first though. Once you know what’s required, you will be much more likely to succeed. Of course, if you need help, you know where to find me

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• OFM 11g: OAM SSO for Forms and ADF Faces

  - by olaf.heimburger

  In my blog entry OFM 11g: Implementing OAM SSO with Forms we set the foundation for providing a complete Single Sign-On solution based on Oracle Access Manager (OAM). This foundation should now be used to combine Forms 11g and ADF Faces 11g applications with a transparent login. The Beginning Before we start, lets re-consider the requirements to achieve the ultimate goal. These are:- Access to the Forms 11g Application must be authenticated by OAM (protected). Access to the ADF Faces 11g Application must be authenticated by OAM (protected). Switching from one application to the other should not result in a re-authentication (aka single sign-on). User identity should be availble to the application without any extra work in the application code. All these are the common requirements for a single sign-on solution. The challenge here is that Forms relies on Oracle AS SSO (OSSO or "the old SSO") while ADF Faces is quite open and can be protected by Oracle AS SSO and Oracle Access Manager SSO (OAM SSO or "the modern SSO"). Both application types can use their own login mechanism. The Forms 11g Application To demonstrate the SSO functionality, we use the standard Forms test (/forms/frmservlet?form=test.fmx). Although this shows nothing specific in the Forms application, it is good enough to demonstrate that it is protected. The ADF Faces 11g Application With ADF 11g you can develop quite a number of useful Faces based applications. Among many features, it comes with the ADF Security feature that provides you with functionality to protect your pages, regions, and even TaskFlows from un-authenticated usage in a declarative way.To demonstrate that functionality a sample application with different access levels plus a login dialog is used. This application comes with a publc page that has protected content (a button). Once you are authenticated for the application, the protected content and some personalisation (the users name) is shown. Protecting Forms 11g As already explained in the OFM 11g: Implementing OAM SSO with Forms, the easiest way to protect a Forms application is to configure it as a OSSO partner application, setup mod_osso, test it, migrate OSSO to OAM SSO with the Upgrade Agent, reconfigure mod_osso, and you are done.Sort of. By default the OAM is configured to run in co-exist mode. This means that a user has to re-authenticate to the Forms application when logged into an OAM SSO application before. To avoid this, you must disable the co-exist mode, for example by using WLST and issue the disableCoexistMode on the OAM server. Protecting ADF Faces 11g To protect an ADF Faces 11g application we have to consider two scenarios: Use a HTTPD server in front of WLS Use WLS without a HTTPD server Both scenarios have their pro's and cons' and we won't get into details and just describe how to configure both. Scenario 1: HTTPD Server with WLS In this scenario we have to setup the environment in some steps:- Configure a WebGate at OAMThis configuration can be done through the OAM console or by a script. No matter which way you choose, the WebGate configuration files will be created for you. Install the OAM WebGate into an HTTPD serverThe type of webgate you need to install depends on you HTTPD server. With Oracle HTTP Server 11g you can use the latest OAM 11g WebGate. With other HTTPD servers you must resort to OAM 10g WebGates. A OAM 11g WebGate can use the pre-created configuration files supplied during the WebGate configuration at OAM. An OAM 10g WebGate asks for the specific configuration and verifies it during installation. Configure the WLS plugin to forward the requests to WLSAgain, depending on your HTTPD Server you have different plugins to forward requests to WLS. With OHS 11g you can use the pre-installed mod_wl_ohs plugin. Its configuration is quite simple and straightforward. Configure an OAM SSPI Provider as a IdentityAsserter in WLS to retrieve the user identifierThis configuration is quite important as it retrieves the user identifier for the next step. If you have a SOA Suite installation within your OFM_HOME, the necessary software is already installed and you only need to setup your Security Realm within WLS.You can do this by pointing your browser to the WLS Console, log in as administrator, select the Security Realm (usually myrealm), and select Providers. We add the OAMIdentityAsserter as the first SSPI Provider. It is important that the Control Flag is set to SUFFICIENT. Every other configuration can be left as is, no changes are necessary here. Configure an OAM Identity Provider to get the real user identityIn OFM 11g: Implementing OAM SSO with Forms we have configured an OID as Identity Store. To get the user identity we need to configure the same OID as an SSPI Provider for WLS. This will retrieve the real user information from OID and creates the JAAS Subject and Principals to be used by any application within WLS.Again, you can do this by pointing your browser to the WLS Console, log in as administrator, select the Security Realm (usually myrealm), and select Providers. Now add the OIDAuthenticator as the second SSPI Provider. It is important that the Control Flag is set to OPTIONAL. After we saved this setup, we need to configure this provider by setting the Provider Specific details to access OID. Scenario 2: WLS only This scenario is a bit easier but requires more work in the WLS setup:- Configure a WebGate at OAMThis configuration can be done through the OAM console or by a script. No matter which way you choose, the WebGate configuration files will be created for you. Configure the OAM SSPI Provider as IdentityAuthenticator to authenticate and set the user identifierWhen using the OAM SSPI Provider as OAMAuthenticator we create it with the Control Flag as SUFFICIENT. Afte saving it, the Provider Specific settings must be configured to allow the OAM SSPI Provider to connect to the OAM Server. Configure an OAM Identity Provider to get the real user identity providerAgain, you can do this by pointing your browser to the WLS Console, log in as administrator, select the Security Realm (usually myrealm), and select Providers. Now add the OIDAuthenticator as the second SSPI Provider. It is important that the Control Flag is set to OPTIONAL. After we saved this setup, we need to configure this provider by setting the Provider Specific details to access OID. Configure ADF 11g Application for OAM Actually, there are no changes to be made within the ADF application. We only need to add the value CLIENT_CERT to the <auth-mode> tag in the <login-config> tag in the web.xml file. Testing To test the configuration, simply point your browser to one of both appliction URLs. OAM should kick in and redirect you to the OAM Login page. After you have entered the correct credentials, access to the URLs is granted and you will see the application. Enjoy!

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• Part 1: What are EBS Customizations?

  - by volker.eckardt(at)oracle.com

  Everything what is not shipped as Oracle standard may be called customization. And very often we differentiate between setup and customization, although setup can also be required when working with customizations.This highlights one of the first challenges, because someone needs to track setup brought over with customizations and this needs to be synchronized with the (standard) setup done manually. This is not only a tracking issue, but also a documentation issue. I will cover this in one of the following blogs in more detail.But back to the topic itself. Mainly our code pieces (java, pl/sql, sql, shell scripts), custom objects (tables, views, packages etc.) and application objects (concurrent programs, lookups, forms, reports, OAF pages etc.) are treated as customizations. In general we define two types: customization by extension and customization by modification. For sure we like to minimize standard code modifications, but sometimes it is just not possible to provide a certain functionality without doing it.Keep in mind that the EBS provides a number of alternatives for modifications, just to mention some:Files in file system    add your custom top before the standard top to the pathBI Publisher Report    add a custom layout and disable the standard layout, automatically yours will be taken.Form /OAF Change    use personalization or substitutionUsing such techniques you are on the safe site regarding standard patches, but for sure a retest is always required!Many customizations are growing over the time, initially it was just one file, but in between we have 5, 10 or 15 files in our customization pack. The more files you have, the more important is the installation order.Last but not least also personalization's are treated as customizations, although you may not use any deployment pack to transfer such personalisation's (but you can). For OAF personalization's you can use iSetup, I have also enabled iSetup to allow Forms personalizations to transport.Interfaces and conversion objects are quite often also categorized as customizations and I promote this decision. Your development standards are related to all these kinds of custom code whether we are exchanging data with users (via form or report) or with other systems (via inbound or outbound interface).To cover all these types of customizations two acronyms have been defined: RICE and CEMLI.RICE = Reports, Interfaces, Conversions, and ExtensionsCEMLI = Customization, Extension, Modification, Localization, IntegrationThe word CEMLI has been introduced by Oracle On Demand and is used within Oracle projects quite often, but also RICE is well known as acronym.It doesn't matter which acronym you are using, the main task here is to classify and categorize your customizations to allow everyone to understand when you talk about RICE- 211, CEMLI XXFI_BAST or XXOM_RPT_030.Side note: Such references are not automatically objects prefixes, but they are often used as such. I plan also to address this point in one other blog.Thank you!Volker

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• InfoPath Cannot Start Microsoft Visual Studio Tools for Applications

  - by ybbest

  When I am trying to access developer tools under developer tab in InfoPath Designer 2010 , I got this error InfoPath Cannot Start Microsoft Visual Studio Tools for Applications(See the screenshot below)     I got this error because , I do not install VSTA when I install office2010.To Install VSTA, you need to Launch Office 2010 setup from your Office 2010 installation media,choose the Add or Remove Features radio button in the installer then Set the Visual Studio Tools for Applications option to Run from My Computer and continue through the setup wizard. (See the screenshot below).Once this is done , you are ready to start VSTA for you InfoPath Form.

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