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• MySQL – Scalability on Amazon RDS: Scale out to multiple RDS instances

  - by Pinal Dave

  Today, I’d like to discuss getting better MySQL scalability on Amazon RDS. The question of the day: “What can you do when a MySQL database needs to scale write-intensive workloads beyond the capabilities of the largest available machine on Amazon RDS?” Let’s take a look. In a typical EC2/RDS set-up, users connect to app servers from their mobile devices and tablets, computers, browsers, etc.  Then app servers connect to an RDS instance (web/cloud services) and in some cases they might leverage some read-only replicas.   Figure 1. A typical RDS instance is a single-instance database, with read replicas.  This is not very good at handling high write-based throughput. As your application becomes more popular you can expect an increasing number of users, more transactions, and more accumulated data.  User interactions can become more challenging as the application adds more sophisticated capabilities. The result of all this positive activity: your MySQL database will inevitably begin to experience scalability pressures. What can you do? Broadly speaking, there are four options available to improve MySQL scalability on RDS. 1. Larger RDS Instances – If you’re not already using the maximum available RDS instance, you can always scale up – to larger hardware.  Bigger CPUs, more compute power, more memory et cetera. But the largest available RDS instance is still limited.  And they get expensive. “High-Memory Quadruple Extra Large DB Instance”: 68 GB of memory 26 ECUs (8 virtual cores with 3.25 ECUs each) 64-bit platform High I/O Capacity Provisioned IOPS Optimized: 1000Mbps 2. Provisioned IOPs – You can get provisioned IOPs and higher throughput on the I/O level. However, there is a hard limit with a maximum instance size and maximum number of provisioned IOPs you can buy from Amazon and you simply cannot scale beyond these hardware specifications. 3. Leverage Read Replicas – If your application permits, you can leverage read replicas to offload some reads from the master databases. But there are a limited number of replicas you can utilize and Amazon generally requires some modifications to your existing application. And read-replicas don’t help with write-intensive applications. 4. Multiple Database Instances – Amazon offers a fourth option: “You can implement partitioning,thereby spreading your data across multiple database Instances” (Link) However, Amazon does not offer any guidance or facilities to help you with this. “Multiple database instances” is not an RDS feature.  And Amazon doesn’t explain how to implement this idea. In fact, when asked, this is the response on an Amazon forum: Q: Is there any documents that describe the partition DB across multiple RDS? I need to use DB with more 1TB but exist a limitation during the create process, but I read in the any FAQ that you need to partition database, but I don’t find any documents that describe it. A: “DB partitioning/sharding is not an official feature of Amazon RDS or MySQL, but a technique to scale out database by using multiple database instances. The appropriate way to split data depends on the characteristics of the application or data set. Therefore, there is no concrete and specific guidance.” So now what? The answer is to scale out with ScaleBase. Amazon RDS with ScaleBase: What you get – MySQL Scalability! ScaleBase is specifically designed to scale out a single MySQL RDS instance into multiple MySQL instances. Critically, this is accomplished with no changes to your application code.  Your application continues to “see” one database.   ScaleBase does all the work of managing and enforcing an optimized data distribution policy to create multiple MySQL instances. With ScaleBase, data distribution, transactions, concurrency control, and two-phase commit are all 100% transparent and 100% ACID-compliant, so applications, services and tooling continue to interact with your distributed RDS as if it were a single MySQL instance. The result: now you can cost-effectively leverage multiple MySQL RDS instance to scale out write-intensive workloads to an unlimited number of users, transactions, and data. Amazon RDS with ScaleBase: What you keep – Everything! And how does this change your Amazon environment? 1. Keep your application, unchanged – There is no change your application development life-cycle at all.  You still use your existing development tools, frameworks and libraries.  Application quality assurance and testing cycles stay the same. And, critically, you stay with an ACID-compliant MySQL environment. 2. Keep your RDS value-added services – The value-added services that you rely on are all still available. Amazon will continue to handle database maintenance and updates for you. You can still leverage High Availability via Multi A-Z.  And, if it benefits youra application throughput, you can still use read replicas. 3. Keep your RDS administration – Finally the RDS monitoring and provisioning tools you rely on still work as they did before. With your one large MySQL instance, now split into multiple instances, you can actually use less expensive, smallersmaller available RDS hardware and continue to see better database performance. Conclusion Amazon RDS is a tremendous service, but it doesn’t offer solutions to scale beyond a single MySQL instance. Larger RDS instances get more expensive.  And when you max-out on the available hardware, you’re stuck.  Amazon recommends scaling out your single instance into multiple instances for transaction-intensive apps, but offers no services or guidance to help you. This is where ScaleBase comes in to save the day. It gives you a simple and effective way to create multiple MySQL RDS instances, while removing all the complexities typically caused by “DIY” sharding andwith no changes to your applications . With ScaleBase you continue to leverage the AWS/RDS ecosystem: commodity hardware and value added services like read replicas, multi A-Z, maintenance/updates and administration with monitoring tools and provisioning. SCALEBASE ON AMAZON If you’re curious to try ScaleBase on Amazon, it can be found here – Download NOW. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com)Filed under: MySQL, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Optimization, SQL Performance, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL

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• The Proper Use of the VM Role in Windows Azure

  - by BuckWoody

  At the Professional Developer’s Conference (PDC) in 2010 we announced an addition to the Computational Roles in Windows Azure, called the VM Role. This new feature allows a great deal of control over the applications you write, but some have confused it with our full infrastructure offering in Windows Hyper-V. There is a proper architecture pattern for both of them. Virtualization Virtualization is the process of taking all of the hardware of a physical computer and replicating it in software alone. This means that a single computer can “host” or run several “virtual” computers. These virtual computers can run anywhere - including at a vendor’s location. Some companies refer to this as Cloud Computing since the hardware is operated and maintained elsewhere. IaaS The more detailed definition of this type of computing is called Infrastructure as a Service (Iaas) since it removes the need for you to maintain hardware at your organization. The operating system, drivers, and all the other software required to run an application are still under your control and your responsibility to license, patch, and scale. Microsoft has an offering in this space called Hyper-V, that runs on the Windows operating system. Combined with a hardware hosting vendor and the System Center software to create and deploy Virtual Machines (a process referred to as provisioning), you can create a Cloud environment with full control over all aspects of the machine, including multiple operating systems if you like. Hosting machines and provisioning them at your own buildings is sometimes called a Private Cloud, and hosting them somewhere else is often called a Public Cloud. State-ful and Stateless Programming This paradigm does not create a new, scalable way of computing. It simply moves the hardware away. The reason is that when you limit the Cloud efforts to a Virtual Machine, you are in effect limiting the computing resources to what that single system can provide. This is because much of the software developed in this environment maintains “state” - and that requires a little explanation. “State-ful programming” means that all parts of the computing environment stay connected to each other throughout a compute cycle. The system expects the memory, CPU, storage and network to remain in the same state from the beginning of the process to the end. You can think of this as a telephone conversation - you expect that the other person picks up the phone, listens to you, and talks back all in a single unit of time. In “Stateless” computing the system is designed to allow the different parts of the code to run independently of each other. You can think of this like an e-mail exchange. You compose an e-mail from your system (it has the state when you’re doing that) and then you walk away for a bit to make some coffee. A few minutes later you click the “send” button (the network has the state) and you go to a meeting. The server receives the message and stores it on a mail program’s database (the mail server has the state now) and continues working on other mail. Finally, the other party logs on to their mail client and reads the mail (the other user has the state) and responds to it and so on. These events might be separated by milliseconds or even days, but the system continues to operate. The entire process doesn’t maintain the state, each component does. This is the exact concept behind coding for Windows Azure. The stateless programming model allows amazing rates of scale, since the message (think of the e-mail) can be broken apart by multiple programs and worked on in parallel (like when the e-mail goes to hundreds of users), and only the order of re-assembling the work is important to consider. For the exact same reason, if the system makes copies of those running programs as Windows Azure does, you have built-in redundancy and recovery. It’s just built into the design. The Difference Between Infrastructure Designs and Platform Designs When you simply take a physical server running software and virtualize it either privately or publicly, you haven’t done anything to allow the code to scale or have recovery. That all has to be handled by adding more code and more Virtual Machines that have a slight lag in maintaining the running state of the system. Add more machines and you get more lag, so the scale is limited. This is the primary limitation with IaaS. It’s also not as easy to deploy these VM’s, and more importantly, you’re often charged on a longer basis to remove them. your agility in IaaS is more limited. Windows Azure is a Platform - meaning that you get objects you can code against. The code you write runs on multiple nodes with multiple copies, and it all works because of the magic of Stateless programming. you don’t worry, or even care, about what is running underneath. It could be Windows (and it is in fact a type of Windows Server), Linux, or anything else - but that' isn’t what you want to manage, monitor, maintain or license. You don’t want to deploy an operating system - you want to deploy an application. You want your code to run, and you don’t care how it does that. Another benefit to PaaS is that you can ask for hundreds or thousands of new nodes of computing power - there’s no provisioning, it just happens. And you can stop using them quicker - and the base code for your application does not have to change to make this happen. Windows Azure Roles and Their Use If you need your code to have a user interface, in Visual Studio you add a Web Role to your project, and if the code needs to do work that doesn’t involve a user interface you can add a Worker Role. They are just containers that act a certain way. I’ll provide more detail on those later. Note: That’s a general description, so it’s not entirely accurate, but it’s accurate enough for this discussion. So now we’re back to that VM Role. Because of the name, some have mistakenly thought that you can take a Virtual Machine running, say Linux, and deploy it to Windows Azure using this Role. But you can’t. That’s not what it is designed for at all. If you do need that kind of deployment, you should look into Hyper-V and System Center to create the Private or Public Infrastructure as a Service. What the VM Role is actually designed to do is to allow you to have a great deal of control over the system where your code will run. Let’s take an example. You’ve heard about Windows Azure, and Platform programming. You’re convinced it’s the right way to code. But you have a lot of things you’ve written in another way at your company. Re-writing all of your code to take advantage of Windows Azure will take a long time. Or perhaps you have a certain version of Apache Web Server that you need for your code to work. In both cases, you think you can (or already have) code the the software to be “Stateless”, you just need more control over the place where the code runs. That’s the place where a VM Role makes sense. Recap Virtualizing servers alone has limitations of scale, availability and recovery. Microsoft’s offering in this area is Hyper-V and System Center, not the VM Role. The VM Role is still used for running Stateless code, just like the Web and Worker Roles, with the exception that it allows you more control over the environment of where that code runs.

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• Tips for XNA WP7 Developers

  - by Michael B. McLaughlin

  There are several things any XNA developer should know/consider when coming to the Windows Phone 7 platform. This post assumes you are familiar with the XNA Framework and with the changes between XNA 3.1 and XNA 4.0. It’s not exhaustive; it’s simply a list of things I’ve gathered over time. I may come back and add to it over time, and I’m happy to add anything anyone else has experienced or learned as well. Display · The screen is either 800x480 or 480x800. · But you aren’t required to use only those resolutions. · The hardware scaler on the phone will scale up from 240x240. · One dimension will be capped at 800 and the other at 480; which depends on your code, but you cannot have, e.g., an 800x600 back buffer – that will be created as 800x480. · The hardware scaler will not normally change aspect ratio, though, so no unintended stretching. · Any dimension (width, height, or both) below 240 will be adjusted to 240 (without any aspect ratio adjustment such that, e.g. 200x240 will be treated as 240x240). · Dimensions below 240 will be honored in terms of calculating whether to use portrait or landscape. · If dimensions are exactly equal or if height is greater than width then game will be in portrait. · If width is greater than height, the game will be in landscape. · Landscape games will automatically flip if the user turns the phone 180°; no code required. · Default landscape is top = left. In other words a user holding a phone who starts a landscape game will see the first image presented so that the “top” of the screen is along the right edge of his/her phone, such that the natural behavior would be to turn the phone 90° so that the top of the phone will be held in the user’s left hand and the bottom would be held in the user’s right hand. · The status bar (where the clock, battery power, etc., are found) is hidden when the Game-derived class sets GraphicsDeviceManager.IsFullScreen = true. It is shown when IsFullScreen = false. The default value is false (i.e. the status bar is shown). · You should have a good reason for hiding the status bar. Users find it helpful to know what time it is, how much charge their battery has left, and whether or not their phone is in service range. This is especially true for casual games that you expect someone to play for a few minutes at a time, e.g. while waiting for some event to start, for a phone call to come in, or for a train, bus, or subway to arrive. · In portrait mode, the status bar occupies 32 pixels of space. This means that a game with a back buffer of 480x800 will be scaled down to occupy approximately 461x768 screen pixels. Setting the back buffer to 480x768 (or some resolution with the same 0.625 aspect ratio) will avoid this scaling. · In landscape mode, the status bar occupies 72 pixels of space. This means that a game with a back buffer of 800x480 will be scaled down to occupy approximately 728x437 screen pixels. Setting the back buffer to 728x480 (or some resolution with the same 1.51666667 aspect ratio) will avoid this scaling. Input · Touch input is scaled with screen size. · So if your back buffer is 600x360, a tap in the bottom right corner will come in as (599,359). You don’t need to do anything special to get this automatic scaling of touch behavior. · If you do not use full area of the screen, any touch input outside the area you use will still register as a touch input. For example, if you set a portrait resolution of 240x240, it would be scaled up to occupy a 480x480 area, centered in the screen. If you touch anywhere above this area, you will get a touch input of (X,0) where X is a number from 0 to 239 (in accordance with your 240 pixel wide back buffer). Any touch below this area will give a touch input of (X,239). · If you keep the status bar visible, touches within its area will not be passed to your game. · In general, a screen measurement is the diagonal. So a 3.5” screen is 3.5” long from the bottom right corner to the top left corner. With an aspect ratio of 0.6 (480/800 = 0.6), this means that a phone with a 3.5” screen is only approximately 1.8” wide by 3” tall. So there are approximately 267 pixels in an inch on a 3.5” screen. · Again, this time in metric! 3.5 inches is approximately 8.89 cm. So an 8.89 cm screen is 8.89 cm long from the bottom right corner to the top left corner. With an aspect ratio of 0.6, this means that a phone with an 8.89 cm screen is only approximately 4.57 cm wide by 7.62 cm tall. So there are approximately 105 pixels in a centimeter on an 8.89 cm screen. · Think about the size of your finger tip. If you do not have large hands, think about the size of the fingertip of someone with large hands. Consider that when you are sizing your touch input. Especially consider that when you are spacing two touch targets near one another. You need to judge it for yourself, but items that are next to each other and are each 100x100 should be fine when it comes to selecting items individually. Smaller targets than that are ok provided that you leave space between them. · You want your users to have a pleasant experience. Making touch controls too small or too close to one another will make them nervous about whether they will touch the right target. Take this into account when you plan out your game initially. If possible, do some quick size mockups on an actual phone using colored rectangles that you position and size where you plan to have your game controls. Adjust as necessary. · People do not have transparent hands! Nor are their hands the size of a mouse pointer icon. Consider leaving a dedicated space for input rather than forcing the user to cover up to one-third of the screen with a finger just to play the game. · Another benefit of designing your controls to use a dedicated area is that you’re less likely to have players moving their finger(s) so frantically that they accidentally hit the back button, start button, or search button (many phones have one or more of these on the screen itself – it’s easy to hit one by accident and really annoying if you hit, e.g., the search button and then quickly tap back only to find out that the game didn’t save your progress such that you just wasted all the time you spent playing). · People do not like doing somersaults in order to move something forward with accelerometer-based controls. Test your accelerometer-based controls extensively and get a lot of feedback. Very well-known games from noted publishers have created really bad accelerometer controls and been virtually unplayable as a result. Also be wary of exceptions and other possible failures that the documentation warns about. · When done properly, the accelerometer can add a nice touch to your game (see, e.g. ilomilo where the accelerometer was used to move the background; it added a nice touch without frustrating the user; I also think CarniVale does direct accelerometer controls very well). However, if done poorly, it will make your game an abomination unto the Marketplace. Days, weeks, perhaps even months of development time that you will never get back. I won’t name names; you can search the marketplace for games with terrible reviews and you’ll find them. Graphics · The maximum frame rate is 30 frames per second. This was set as a compromise between battery life and quality. · At least one model of phone is known to have a screen refresh rate that is between 59 and 60 hertz. Because of this, using a fixed time step with a target frame rate of 30 will cause a slight internal delay to build up as the framework is forced to wait slightly for the next refresh. Eventually the delay will get to the point where a draw is skipped in order to recover from the delay. (See Nick's comment below for clarification.) · To deal with that delay, you can either stay with a fixed time step and set the frame rate slightly lower or else you can go to a variable time step and make sure to adjust all of your update data (e.g. player movement distance) to take into account the elapsed time from the last update. A variable time step makes your update logic slightly more complicated but will avoid frame skips entirely. · Currently there are no custom shaders. This might change in the future (there is no hardware limitation preventing it; it simply wasn’t a feature that could be implemented in the time available before launch). · There are five built-in shaders. You can create a lot of nice effects with the built-in shaders. · There is more power on the CPU than there is on the GPU so things you might typically off-load to the GPU will instead make sense to do on the CPU side. · This is a phone. It is not a PC. It is not an Xbox 360. The emulator runs on a PC and uses the full power of your PC. It is very good for testing your code for bugs and doing early prototyping and layout. You should not use it to measure performance. Use actual phone hardware instead. · There are many phone models, each of which has slightly different performance levels for I/O, screen blitting, CPU performance, etc. Do not take your game right to the performance limit on your phone since for some other phones you might be crossing their limits and leaving players with a bad experience. Leave a cushion to account for hardware differences. · Smaller screened phones will have slightly more dots per inch (dpi). Larger screened phones will have slightly less. Either way, the dpi will be much higher than the typical 96 found on most computer screens. Make sure that whoever is doing art for your game takes this into account. · Screens are only required to have 16 bit color (65,536 colors). This is common among smart phones. Using gradients on a 16 bit display can produce an ugly artifact known as banding. Banding is when, rather than a smooth transition from one color to another, you instead see distinct lines. Be careful to avoid this when possible. Banding can be avoided through careful art creation. Its effects can be minimized and even unnoticeable when the texture in question is always moving. You should be careful not to rely on “looks good on my phone” since some phones do have 32-bit displays and thus you’ll find yourself wondering why you’re getting bad reviews that complain about the graphics. Avoid gradients; if you can’t, make sure they are 16-bit safe. Audio · Never rely on sounds as your sole signal to the player that something is happening in the game. They might have the sound off. They might be playing somewhere loud. Etc. · You have to provide controls to disable sound & music. These should be separate. · On at least one model of phone, the volume control API currently has no effect. Players can adjust sound with their hardware volume buttons, but in game selectors simply won’t work. As such, it may not be worth the effort of providing anything beyond on/off switches for sound and music. · MediaPlayer.GameHasControl will return true when a game is hooked up to a PC running Zune. When Zune is running, any attempts to do anything (beyond check GameHasControl) with MediaPlayer will cause an exception to be thrown. If this exception is thrown, catch it and disable music. Exceptions take time to propagate; you don’t want one popping up in every single run of your game’s Update method. · Remember that players can already be listening to music or using the FM radio. In this case GameHasControl will be false and you should handle this appropriately. You can, alternately, ask the player for permission to stop their current music and play your music instead, but the (current) requirement that you restore their music when done is very hard (if not impossible) to deal with. · You can still play sound effects even when the game doesn’t have control of the music, but don’t think this is a backdoor to playing music. Your game will fail certification if your “sound effect” seems to be more like music in scope and length.

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• How do I configure AT&T's Uverse 2Wire 2701HGV-B Gateway into DMZPlus Mode?

  - by MasD

  I subscribed for AT&T's Uverse service and they shipped me a Wire 2701HGV-B Router/Gateway/Firewall/WiFi. I would like to configure AT&T's hardware to have less control and use my trusted Linksys WRT54-G router between my computers and the 2Wire Gateway. This seems to be a common configuration for Uverse users with this hardware in other forums, but requires a "DMZPlus" mode that I'm unfamiliar with.

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• What can cause a DirectAccess IPSec Main Mode Error "no policy configured"

  - by Mike Haboustak

  We have Microsoft's DirectAccess VPN set up on Server 2008 R2 with end-to-edge security, and we're having trouble with the manage-out tunnel. The DirectAccess client has DC/DNS and intranet connectivity, it can ping/rdp/etc to intranet hosts. However connections originating from those same intranet hosts can only intermittently reach the client. At times it works fine, other times it doesn't. When an inbound (intranet to client) connection is attempted there's an IPSec Main Mode failure logged: Event 4653 with a failure reason of "No Policy Configured". I think that it may be related to the state of the intranet (corp) access tunnel, and an overlap in the configured subnets for those polices. I haven't figured out exactly what's different in the scenario where the connection works and where it does not.

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• How to setup a static multicast ARP entry with Cisco SG300?

  - by Fredrik Hedberg

  We're running a Microsoft NLB cluster in multicast mode as a loadbalancer. Using our old Cisco IOS switches we propagate access to the cluster to our branches using a static ARP entry in the core router: arp 10.20.1.226 03bf.0a14.01e2 ARPA But how does one solve this using non-IOS based Cisco hardware such as the SG300 series? Adding a static ARP entry results in an error message telling the user that the hardware address needs to be a valid unicast MAC address.

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• How HP D2700 disk enclosure is monitored for alarms via SNMP

  - by VSAC

  We have HP D2700 disk enclosure and we would like to monitor D2700 (connected to HP Proliant DL360G8) for alarms.I have following questions regarding this. What are the options available for reporting D2700 hardware alarms (disk failure, power failure) via SNMP? We understand the D2700 to have an Ethernet interface for controller A and B and alarms are available via SNMP via this interface. Can anyone provide the actual alarms via this interface? (MIB and alarm list) As we have a number of D2700’s and would like to minimize the number of physical connections to the switch and associated IP addresses; Is there a mechanism to monitor the D2700 from the SCSI connected HPDL360 and raise SNMP alarms from the DL360 for hardware failures on the D2700? If so can anyone provide details and the actual alarms and MIB via this mechanism? Thanks!

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• Cannot update Windows update

  - by Badr Hari

  When I try to get latest windows updates, windows (7 home) tells me that it needs to update the windows update. And that the Update window needs to be restarted in order to do that. After that restart I get error "WindowsUpdate 8007006D". Googlin that code doesnt' give me any more information. This is my windows update log: 2012-06-30 09:57:36:212 4956 2e8 Report REPORT EVENT: {102103FB-11A6-4FF5-B910-75D5B104956B} 2012-06-30 09:57:30:865+0300 1 182 101 {61CA813A-7585-442E-A66B-B0D15CE6BDC0} 1 8007006d SelfUpdate Failure Content Install Installation Failure: Windows failed to install the following update with error 0x8007006d: Windows Update Setup Handler. 2012-06-30 09:57:36:231 4956 2e8 Report CWERReporter::HandleEvents - WER report upload completed with status 0x8 2012-06-30 09:57:36:231 4956 2e8 Report WER Report sent: 7.5.7601.17514 0x8007006d 61CA813A-7585-442E-A66B-B0D15CE6BDC0 Install 101 Unmanaged

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• Logging in user in Windows 2008 server using LogonUser fails on LogonType LOGON32_LOGON_SERVICE

  - by Ofiris

  I am using LogonUser function to logon an account to Windows 2008 R2 server on a domain with clusterring. When using LOGON32_LOGON_INTERACTIVE as LogonType, I successfully login. When using LOGON32_LOGON_SERVICE as LogonType, Login fails, EventViewer says: An account failed to log on. Logon Type: 5 Account For Which Logon Failed: Security ID: NULL SID Account Name: thename Account Domain: thedomain Logon ID: 0x1009371c Logon Type: 5 Failure Information: Failure Reason: The user has not been granted the requested logon type at this machine. Status: 0xc000015b Sub Status: 0x0 Was not sure if its for superuser or stackoverflow (calling LogonUser from C# code), but I guess its some Windows server issue*. EventID = 4625 Edit: Found that - 0xc000015b The user has not been granted the requested logon type (aka logon right) at this machine Edit: Should be serverfault question...

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• Computer components which have unique ID

  - by user23950

  What are the computer parts that has a unique ID? Be it software or hardware. For example, IP Address. And the MAC ID in the NIC. Unique ID's that could be used by bad sites to distinguish you from the rest of the crowd. Edit: Or anything that cannot be changed. Anything that is embedded in the hardware that cannot be changed.

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• Procmail lock failures and errors while writing

  - by user58292

  I'm setting up a mail server on an embedded linux system. When sending mail to a local user I get the following error from procmail: procmail: Lock failure on "/home/mail/ktos/.mailspool.lock" procmail: Error while writing to "/home/mail/ktos/.mailspool" procmail: Error while writing to "/var/spool/mail/ktos" From root@waben Wed Dec 15 10:00:40 2010 Folder: **Bounced** 0 procmail: Lock failure on "/root/.mailspool.lock" procmail: Error while writing to "/root/.mailspool" From MAILER-DAEMON Wed Dec 15 10:00:41 2010 Subject: Returned mail: see transcript for details Folder: /var/spool/mail/root 1732 And the mail goes to /var/spool/mail/root. This is my /etc/procmailrc: PATH=/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin MAILDIR=$HOME/.mailspool DEFAULT=$HOME/.mailspool LOGFILE=/dev/pts/0 SHELL=/bin/sh What could be the problem? I'm still pretty green with all the sendmail and procmail stuff as I'm primarily a developer.

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• Ubuntu 9.10 Samba NT_STATUS_CONNECTION_REFUSED errors on remote machines.

  - by user40730

  SAMBA I'm running Samba on Ubuntu 9.10 on a MacBook Pro using Parallels. When I run the smbtree command, I get the following errors: peterv@MBP17U<2005$: sudo smbtree Enter root's password: session request to 192.168.1.156 failed (Called name not present) HADEN \SERVER2 cli_start_connection: failed to connect to SERVER2<20 (0.0.0.0). Error NT_STATUS_CONNECTION_REFUSED \MBP17WIN MBP17win cli_start_connection: failed to connect to MBP17WIN<20 (0.0.0.0). Error NT_STATUS_CONNECTION_REFUSED \MBP17U \MBP17U\IPC$ IPC Service () \MBP17U\Perl \MBP17U\Home \MBP17U\print$ \MBP17 MBP17 cli_start_connection: failed to connect to MBP17<20 (0.0.0.0). Error NT_STATUS_CONNECTION_REFUSED Fri Apr 16 05:24:47 EDT 2010 The MBP17 failure is an OS X system, the SERVER2 failure is a Windows XP system. Running testparm shows no errors. Can someone please help me out?

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• Errors from ALSA during Arch Linux boot

  - by Macha

  Everytime I boot my Linux system, I get these errors while ALSA boots. Despite these, the sound still works, so these are more of an annoyance than anything. How do I stop these occuring? Unknown hardware: "HDA-Intel" "IDT 92HD73C1X5" "HDA:111d7675,10280256,00100202" "0x1028" "0x0256" Hardware is initialized using a guess method /usr/sbin/alsactl: set_control:1255: failed to obtain info for control #6 (No such file or directory) /usr/sbin/alsactl: set_control:1255: failed to obtain info for control #7 (No such file or directory)

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• Dell R610 memory configuration for all 12 slots

  - by Neal

  I purchased 12 sticks of RAM on eBay to go into a Dell R610 server. The RAM is ECC REG PC3-12800 DDR3-1600 yet when I occupy all 12 slots with this ram I get the following error on boot: MEMORY Initialization Warning: Memory Size May be Reduced MEMBIST failure – The following DIMM has been disabled by Bios: DIMM B2 MEMBIST failure – The following DIMM has been disabled by Bios: DIMM B5 I am using all of the latest versions, BIOS, etc. I am using 2 x x5660 processors. What is causing this issue and is it correctable? If this RAM is incorrect what is correct to maximize the RAM on this server? Thank you.

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• vagrant up command very slow on OS X Lion

  - by Andy Hume

  When I run vagrant up to provision a new VM on Lion it takes an extremely long time, during which the entire Mac is very laggy and unresponsive. The output is as follows, the key point being the "notice: Finished catalog run in 754.28 seconds" > vagrant up [default] Importing base box 'lucid64'... [default] The guest additions on this VM do not match the install version of VirtualBox! This may cause things such as forwarded ports, shared folders, and more to not work properly. If any of those things fail on this machine, please update the guest additions and repackage the box. Guest Additions Version: 4.1.0 VirtualBox Version: 4.1.6 [default] Matching MAC address for NAT networking... [default] Clearing any previously set forwarded ports... [default] Forwarding ports... [default] -- ssh: 22 => 2222 (adapter 1) [default] -- web: 80 => 4567 (adapter 1) [default] Creating shared folders metadata... [default] Running any VM customizations... [default] Booting VM... [default] Waiting for VM to boot. This can take a few minutes. [default] VM booted and ready for use! [default] Mounting shared folders... [default] -- v-root: /vagrant [default] -- v-data: /var/www [default] -- manifests: /tmp/vagrant-puppet/manifests [default] Running provisioner: Vagrant::Provisioners::Puppet... [default] Running Puppet with lucid64.pp... [default] stdin: is not a tty [default] notice: /Stage[main]/Lucid64/Exec[apt-update]/returns: executed successfully [default] [default] notice: /Stage[main]/Lucid64/Package[apache2]/ensure: ensure changed 'purged' to 'present' [default] [default] notice: /Stage[main]/Lucid64/File[/etc/motd]/ensure: defined content as '{md5}a25e31ba9b8489da9cd5751c447a1741' [default] [default] notice: Finished catalog run in 754.28 seconds [default] [default] err: /File[/var/lib/puppet/rrd]/ensure: change from absent to directory failed: Could not find group puppet [default] [default] err: Could not send report: Got 1 failure(s) while initializing: change from absent to directory failed: Could not find group puppet [default] [default] Running provisioner: Vagrant::Provisioners::Puppet... [default] Running Puppet with lucid64.pp... [default] stdin: is not a tty [default] notice: /Stage[main]/Lucid64/Exec[apt-update]/returns: executed successfully [default] [default] notice: Finished catalog run in 2.05 seconds [default] [default] err: /File[/var/lib/puppet/rrd]: Could not evaluate: Could not find group puppet [default] [default] err: Could not send report: Got 1 failure(s) while initializing: Could not evaluate: Could not find group puppet [default] [default] Running provisioner: Vagrant::Provisioners::Puppet... [default] Running Puppet with lucid64.pp... [default] stdin: is not a tty [default] notice: /Stage[main]/Lucid64/Exec[apt-update]/returns: executed successfully [default] [default] notice: Finished catalog run in 1.36 seconds [default] [default] err: /File[/var/lib/puppet/rrd]: Could not evaluate: Could not find group puppet [default] [default] err: Could not send report: Got 1 failure(s) while initializing: Could not evaluate: Could not find group puppet [default] >

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• Nokia 6020 can't connect to PC ?

  - by Mukesh

  I have installed PC suite 7.1 and cable CA-42 and trying to connect the mobile as a modem to send and receive sms but the mobile is not connecting with the pc. I have installed the nokia 6020 modem driver. I am running windows XP 64-bit operation system. While i connect phone to a USB port it prompts new hardware found and go for installation of required software but installation of new hardware getting failed.

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• Fail rate of EBS snapshots and AMIs?

  - by user784637

  According to Amazon the fail rate of EBS volumes is: As an example, volumes that operate with 20 GB or less of modified data since their most recent Amazon EBS snapshot can expect an annual failure rate (AFR) of between 0.1% – 0.5%, where failure refers to a complete loss of the volume http://aws.amazon.com/ebs/ However, I was curious to know the fail rate of EBS snapshots and private AMIs that a system admin would take. Since the EBS snapshots and AMIs are stored in Amazon s3, is it safe to assume that the likelihood you cannot rollback to a previous snapshot or AMI the same likelihood that a file gets lost in s3? Amazon S3’s standard storage is: ... Designed to provide 99.999999999% durability and 99.99% availability of objects over a given year. http://aws.amazon.com/s3/

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• Does any know fix/cause of USB drives that lose connection

  - by Burch Kealey

  I have been having significant problems trying to copy files to a USB drive (G0-Flex 1.5 tb) No matter what I use to try to copy the files (python code, Windows copy and paste or Drobo Copy utility) I ultimately get a failure. The failure is always some indication that the device is not ready or able to be written to. I am pretty sure the problem is that the drive is losing its connection. I have done everything I can find so far including setting the USB Root hub to never turn off the power, I updated some usb drivers etc. I have found references to this problem primarily with Win7-64 bit. I have also had USB connection problems with other devices- we kept losing a connection to our Bravo Disc Publisher when we went to Win7 and finally bought a newer model and have not had problems since. Any pointers about diagnosing and or understanding the problem would be appreciated.

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• Corrupt file indicative of corrupt hard drive?

  - by Elipsicon

  I have noticed that two files on my (almost full) 2 TB hard drive have been corrupted. One file has 20 kB (!) corrupted, i.e. consecutive 20 kB have changed, even though the modification date of the file hasn't changed and I haven't worked with this file for over a year. This tells me that something "below" the file system level has messed with the data and the only thing I can think of is hardware failure, most likely hard disk failure. I've tested my RAM already and it works flawlessly. I'm using ext4 on Linux, if that is of any help. Is this normal? Is it time to change my hard drive disk before something worse happens? What can I do to prevent that from happening in the future? Is there some built-in feature of, or extension to ext4 that includes additional error correcting code and/or watches files for changes that haven't been caused by the OS?

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• Run a pc on battery for 3 days?

  - by Zen 8000k

  I am looking for a low power, low end pc able to run 24/7 without overheating and a way to support it in case of power failure. Power failures can be up to 72 hours. The pc dosen't need a monitor or keyboard. A modem must also be protected in case of power failure. When i say low end, i don't mean crap. The cpu needs to be x86 and have at least 1k cpu in this chart: http://www.cpubenchmark.net/index.php What's the best way to do this?

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• Netdom to restore machine secret

  - by icelava

  I have a number of virtual machines that have not been switched on for over a month, and some others which have been rolled back to an older state. They are members of a domain, and have expired their machine secrets; thus unable to authenticate with the domain any longer. Event Type: Warning Event Source: LSASRV Event Category: SPNEGO (Negotiator) Event ID: 40960 Date: 14/05/2009 Time: 10:24:54 AM User: N/A Computer: TFS2008WDATA Description: The Security System detected an authentication error for the server ldap/iceland.icelava.home. The failure code from authentication protocol Kerberos was "The attempted logon is invalid. This is either due to a bad username or authentication information. (0xc000006d)". For more information, see Help and Support Center at http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/events.asp. Data: 0000: c000006d Event Type: Warning Event Source: LSASRV Event Category: SPNEGO (Negotiator) Event ID: 40960 Date: 14/05/2009 Time: 10:24:54 AM User: N/A Computer: TFS2008WDATA Description: The Security System detected an authentication error for the server cifs/iceland.icelava.home. The failure code from authentication protocol Kerberos was "The attempted logon is invalid. This is either due to a bad username or authentication information. (0xc000006d)". For more information, see Help and Support Center at http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/events.asp. Data: 0000: c000006d Event Type: Error Event Source: NETLOGON Event Category: None Event ID: 3210 Date: 14/05/2009 Time: 10:24:54 AM User: N/A Computer: TFS2008WDATA Description: This computer could not authenticate with \\iceland.icelava.home, a Windows domain controller for domain ICELAVA, and therefore this computer might deny logon requests. This inability to authenticate might be caused by another computer on the same network using the same name or the password for this computer account is not recognized. If this message appears again, contact your system administrator. For more information, see Help and Support Center at http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/events.asp. Data: 0000: c0000022 So I try to use netdom to re-register the machine back to the domain C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>netdom reset tfs2008wdata /domain:icelava /UserO:enterpriseadmin /PasswordO:mypassword Logon Failure: The target account name is incorrect. The command failed to complete successfully. But have not been successful. I wonder what else needs to be done?

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• VPN not connecting after resuming from standby on Vista home premium

  - by joe

  Hello, I am having windows vista home premium OS on my laptop. I am having a windows VPN setup too. All of a sudden my vpn doesnt work when my PC resumed from stand by mode. I tried all options but still I am getting that error. CoId={5B82082D-9236-4AF9-900B-4E8072341C76}: The user workgroup\user dialed a connection named VPNName which has failed. The error code returned on failure is 0. I am also getting the following error when I verified the event logs The user workgroup\user dialed a connection named VpnName which has failed. The error code returned on failure is 800. Please help.

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• Disk Redundancy across different server

  - by Mascarpone

  I have 3 servers, all with the same specs: Intel CPU 8 GB RAM Linux or BSD Single 2TB desktop SATA with more than 10K Hours of operation, with only less than 300 GB Used My provider cannot install a second hard drive, but can guarantee me that the drive will be replaced immediately in case of failure, with another equally crappy drive. The likelihood of drive failure is high, and since I can't use RAID, I was thinking about keeping a back up of each machine on all the other machines, so that there are always 2 copies on 2 different drives, plus the original. I would synchronize the drives every hour, with rsync, to guarantee some sort of redundancy, since bandwidth inside the DC is free, so it would be much cheaper than offsite backup. (A daily offiste backup is kept anyhow). What do you think? Any suggestion?

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• ubuntu mail server settings and /etc/hosts file

  - by mbrc

  This is my /etc/hosts file 127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost 127.0.1.1 ubuntu-server.xx.com ubuntu-server 193.77.xx.xx mail.xx.com mail # The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts ::1 ip6-localhost ip6-loopback fe00::0 ip6-localnet ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix ff02::1 ip6-allnodes ff02::2 ip6-allrouters is this correct configuration for my mail server. I am behind router so i don't know if is ok to use my IP for mail.xx.com and 127.0.0.1 for localhost problem is that i can receive mail but when i send it i get Oct 17 21:29:32 ubuntu-server postfix/smtpd[2453]: warning: SASL authentication failure: Password verification failed Oct 17 21:29:32 ubuntu-server postfix/smtpd[2453]: warning: my.router[192.168.1.1]: SASL PLAIN authentication failed: authentication failure Oct 17 21:29:34 ubuntu-server postfix/smtpd[2453]: warning: my.router[192.168.1.1]: SASL LOGIN authentication failed: authentication failure EDIT: mabye is problem some port. i foward this ports. POP3 - port 110 IMAP - port 143 SMTP - port 25 HTTP - port 80 Secure SMTP (SSMTP) - port 465 Secure IMAP (IMAP4-SSL) - port 585 StartTLS - port 587 IMAP4 over SSL (IMAPS) - port 993 Secure POP3 (SSL-POP) - port 995 postconf -n alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases append_dot_mydomain = no biff = no broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes config_directory = /etc/postfix content_filter = amavis:[127.0.0.1]:10024 delay_warning_time = 4h disable_vrfy_command = yes inet_interfaces = all inet_protocols = all mailbox_size_limit = 0 maximal_backoff_time = 8000s maximal_queue_lifetime = 7d message_size_limit = 0 minimal_backoff_time = 1000s mydestination = myhostname = mail.xx.com mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 mynetworks_style = host myorigin = /etc/mailname readme_directory = no receive_override_options = no_address_mappings recipient_delimiter = + relayhost = smtp_helo_timeout = 60s smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache smtp_use_tls = yes smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name smtpd_client_restrictions = reject_rbl_client sbl.spamhaus.org, reject_rbl_client blackholes.easynet.nl, reject_rbl_client dnsbl.njabl.org smtpd_data_restrictions = reject_unauth_pipelining smtpd_delay_reject = yes smtpd_hard_error_limit = 12 smtpd_helo_required = yes smtpd_helo_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, warn_if_reject reject_non_fqdn_hostname, reject_invalid_hostname, permit smtpd_recipient_limit = 16 smtpd_recipient_restrictions = reject_unauth_pipelining, permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_non_fqdn_recipient, reject_unknown_recipient_domain, reject_unauth_destination, permit smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtpd_sasl_local_domain = smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous smtpd_sender_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated, permit_mynetworks, warn_if_reject reject_non_fqdn_sender, reject_unknown_sender_domain, reject_unauth_pipelining, permit smtpd_soft_error_limit = 3 smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/ssl/private/mail.xx.com.crt smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/ssl/private/mail.xx.com.key smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtpd_use_tls = yes unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 450 virtual_alias_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/maps/alias.cf virtual_gid_maps = static:5000 virtual_mailbox_base = /var/spool/mail/virtual virtual_mailbox_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/maps/domain.cf virtual_mailbox_limit = 0 virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/maps/user.cf virtual_uid_maps = static:5000 saslfinger -c version: 1.0.4ostfix Cyrus sasl configuration Ä mode: client-side SMTP AUTH -- basics -- Postfix: 2.9.3 System: Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS \n \l -- smtp is linked to -- libsasl2.so.2 => /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libsasl2.so.2 (0x00d3a000) -- active SMTP AUTH and TLS parameters for smtp -- relayhost = smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache smtp_use_tls = yes -- listing of /usr/lib/sasl2 -- total 28 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 okt 14 15:18 . drwxr-xr-x 72 root root 12288 okt 14 15:03 .. -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1 maj 4 06:17 berkeley_db.txt -rw-r----- 1 root root 701 okt 14 15:18 saslpasswd.conf -rw-r----- 1 smmta smmsp 885 okt 14 15:18 Sendmail.conf -- listing of /etc/postfix/sasl -- total 12 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 okt 11 18:55 . drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 okt 12 06:59 .. -rwx------ 1 root root 241 okt 11 18:55 smtpd.conf Cannot find the smtp_sasl_password_maps parameter in main.cf. Client-side SMTP AUTH cannot work without this parameter!

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• If a raid controller changes, are the drives still usable without re-formatting?

  - by Jeremy

  I've been wanting to do a raid 1 setup in my home with a pair of sata drives. Someone told me that if the controller fails, you can't just get a new controller because you'll have to reformat the drives. Or is that true only in some implementations? I was originally just looking at an onboard raid controller, or an entry level nas drvice like the intel SS4200-E, but If the hardware (controller) ever fails, will I be out of luck accessing the data if I can't get the exact same hardware to replace it?

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