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  • How to multiplex subtitles with avi or mp4 in Linux?

    - by woofeR
    I have been searching something which can multiplex subtitle with video files in Linux environment. The key thing is that it should softly embed the subtitle to video, not encode again. (like avidemux). After this multiplexing process, user should be able to open/close subtitle using VLC for example. While searching that, I found a software which can do exactly what I need, named AVI-Mux GUI in Windows environment. However, I need these software's Linux alternative. Thanks.

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  • ATI Radeon Drivers works with which linux distribution and version? [closed]

    - by amit.codename13
    I have ATI Mobility Radeon HD 5850 graphics card. Almost every new linux distribution seems to have an issue with it, when i install the drivers. Working without utilizing the graphics card leaves me so unproductive. So i made a plan to use older versions of linux, any distribution suitable as a desktop distribution. The problems that i am facing are, 1) After installing drivers the system boots and hangs, 2) There are unusual lines over the screen 3) After upgrade system doesn't start properly(hangs the usual old way) The kind of answers i am looking for is, distribution X(the newer the version the better) doesn't have the above problem after installing drivers for ATI Mobility Radeon HD 5850 graphics card. UPDATE: The new drivers released by AMD seems to fix all the issues, although they are still beta

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  • Why doesn't openSUSE Linux upgrade itself through its software repositories?

    - by Dougal
    openSUSE - fast becoming my favourite Linux distro on the client - doesn't seem to upgrade itself through its own configured software repositories. Do we know why this is the case? Is it a money-making thing where they can then sell upgrade CDs / DVDs? I mean, pretty much every other Linux upgrades itself through the normal software repositories. For example, Ubuntu can upgrade itself from 10.4 to 10.10 just through the normal software package upgrade procedure. Why must it be a huge procedure to upgrade openSUSE? Any knowledge or ideas appreciated. Thank you.

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  • Creating a command that compress a file and save it on a usb, but cannot detect the usb in linux.

    - by Lance
    First of all I can't detect the USB on linux using the command line. I check the directory dev and still cannot find the usb. used the df command to check the usb. I plug and typed df and then unplug and typed df again and nothing changed. We are using a server(telnet) to use the command line of linux on a windows 7 OS. The second problem I have is how can I execute the bash script that I have made. It seems that I cant put my .sh file in /usr/bin/ I would like to make my command executable in all directories like a normal command. Sorry, im still newbie at this things. This is what I get on staying on Windows too much. Sorry for my english. Thank you in advance.

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  • Tell the linux kernel to put a file in the disk cache?

    - by Rory
    Is there any command to for a file to be read in and loaded into the linux disk cache? This is on an up-to-date debian system. I know in the general case, it's better to let the linux kernel figure this out. But I have an edge case. I have a laptop that has an NFS director mounted, and i want to play a long video file, but I don't want to have a network problem interrupt the playnig. I know that (largeish) file will be read in it's entirety later on. I know that nothing else (really) will be running while playing this video. There is enough free memory to store this file. (I know I could just copy the file into a new tmpfs filesystem, but I'm curious if there's an even shorter way to do it)

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  • What else can I do to secure my Linux server?

    - by eric01
    I want to put a web application on my Linux server: I will first explain to you what the web app will do and then I will tell you what I did so far to secure my brand new Linux system. The app will be a classified ads website (like gumtree.co.uk) where users can sell their items, upload images, send to and receive emails from the admin. It will use SSL for some pages. I will need SSH. So far, what I did to secure my stock Ubuntu (latest version) is the following: NOTE: I probably did some things that will prevent the application from doing all its tasks, so please let me know of that. My machine's sole purpose will be hosting the website. (I put numbers as bullet points so you can refer to them more easily) 1) Firewall I installed Uncomplicated Firewall. Deny IN & OUT by default Rules: Allow IN & OUT: HTTP, IMAP, POP3, SMTP, SSH, UDP port 53 (DNS), UDP port 123 (SNTP), SSL, port 443 (the ones I didn't allow were FTP, NFS, Samba, VNC, CUPS) When I install MySQL & Apache, I will open up Port 3306 IN & OUT. 2) Secure the partition in /etc/fstab, I added the following line at the end: tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults,rw 0 0 Then in console: mount -o remount /dev/shm 3) Secure the kernel In the file /etc/sysctl.conf, there are a few different filters to uncomment. I didn't know which one was relevant to web app hosting. Which one should I activate? They are the following: A) Turn on Source Address Verification in all interfaces to prevent spoofing attacks B) Uncomment the next line to enable packet forwarding for IPv4 C) Uncomment the next line to enable packet forwarding for IPv6 D) Do no accept ICMP redirects (we are not a router) E) Accept ICMP redirects only for gateways listed in our default gateway list F) Do not send ICMP redirects G) Do not accept IP source route packets (we are not a router) H) Log Martian Packets 4) Configure the passwd file Replace "sh" by "false" for all accounts except user account and root. I also did it for the account called sshd. I am not sure whether it will prevent SSH connection (which I want to use) or if it's something else. 5) Configure the shadow file In the console: passwd -l to lock all accounts except user account. 6) Install rkhunter and chkrootkit 7) Install Bum Disabled those services: "High performance mail server", "unreadable (kerneloops)","unreadable (speech-dispatcher)","Restores DNS" (should this one stay on?) 8) Install Apparmor_profiles 9) Install clamav & freshclam (antivirus and update) What did I do wrong and what should I do more to secure this Linux machine? Thanks a lot in advance

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  • Why using swap file over a SMB/NFS mounted filesystem is not possible in Linux?

    - by Avio
    I'd like to use another machine's unused RAM as swapspace for my primary Linux installation. I was just curious about performance of network ramdisks compared to local (slow) mechanical hard disks. The swapfile is on a tmpfs mountpoint and is shared through samba. However, every time I try to issue: swapon /mnt/ramswap/swapfile I get: swapon: /mnt/ramswap/swapfile: swapon failed: Invalid argument and in dmesg I read: [ 9569.806483] swapon: swapfile has holes I've tried to allocate the swapfile with dd if=/dev/zero of=swapfile bs=1024 (but also =4096 and =1048576) and with truncate -s 2G (both followed by mkswap swapfile) but the result is always the same. In this post (dated back to 2002) someone says that using a swapfile over NFS/SMB is not possible in Linux. Is this statement still valid? And if yes, what is the reason of this choice and is there any workaround to have this working?

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  • How can I get OS/X-like switch windows of same program bound to hotkey with linux GUIs?

    - by dbenhur
    On OS/X, Command-~ switches between windows associated with the program with current focus. This is very handy when toggling through a set of browser windows or editor windows, for example. A couple years ago I noticed someone using similar functionality on a Gnome linux laptop and they showed me how to set it up, but I forgot the details (so I know it's possible). I frequently switch between MacBook and a variety of linux systems running Gnome, Unity, and occasionally KDE. My Google-fu failed so I turn to stack exchange: How do I bind Alt-~ or similar key to give me functionality to switch between windows of program with current focus?

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  • Is it safe to use up all memory on linux server, not leaving anything for the cache?

    - by Temnovit
    I have a CentOS server fully dedicated to MySQL 5.5 (with innodb tables mostly). Server has 32 GB RAM, SSD disks, and avarage memory usage looks like this: So about 25GB is in use and about 6.5GB is cached. I am experiencing performance problems with WRITE queries, so I was thinking, is this the optimal cache size? I might increase innodb buffer size, so that linux cache would become smaller, or decrease it, so it would be bigger. What is the optimal used/cached memory balance for busy MySQL server on linux?

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  • How to get a windows domain server to recognize a linux machine by its name?

    - by CaCl
    In my company I ran into an issue where we have a linux machine that serves up a Subversion repository. Its hooked up via LDAP to the Active Directory. We got an account setup for an application and they set the Limited Workstations up so it didn't have full access to the network. The problem is that even though the hostname for our machine resolves correctly for me, the credentials for the application account seem to come back as not being allowed based on the name (the error was related to authorized workstations). I don't have access to any of the domain servers but it might be helpful to come at the management or high-level techs with some ideas, they don't seem to have a solution besides allowing all workstations for the user. Does anyone have any idea on how to get my linux machine to properly identify itself with the Domain machine by name?

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  • How does Linux's unlink on a NTFS filesystem differs from Window's own implementation?

    - by DavideRossi
    I have an external USB disk with an NTFS filesystem on it. If I remove a file from Windows and I run one of the several "undelete" utilities (say, TestDisk) I can easily recover the file (because "it's still there but it's marked as deleted"). If I remove the file from Linux (I'm using Ubuntu) no utility can recover the file (unless I use a deep-search signature-based one). Why? It looks like Linux does not just "mark it as deleted" but it wipes away some on-disk structure, is this the case?

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  • Is there a Linux mail server with an outgoing pickup directory?

    - by Paul D'Ambra
    On my Exchange server I can drop appropriately formatted text files in the "pickup" directory and Exchange will process them. I'd like to split this bulk mailing functionality onto another box to protect our business mail IP from the bumpy ride that our monthly newsletter gives us. I should note at this point that the mailing is opt-in with an opt out link included and only goes to people who pay to be a member of our organisation The ideal solution for me would be to add a linux box to use just for this purpose so we're not paying for Exchange licenses. So is there a linux equivalent of the Exchange pickup directory?

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  • Is there a Linux mail server with an outgoing pickup directory?

    - by Paul D'Ambra
    On my Exchange server I can drop appropriately formatted text files in the "pickup" directory and Exchange will process them. I'd like to split this bulk mailing functionality onto another box to protect our business mail IP from the bumpy ride that our monthly newsletter gives us. I should note at this point that the mailing is opt-in with an opt out link included and only goes to people who pay to be a member of our organisation The ideal solution for me would be to add a linux box to use just for this purpose so we're not paying for Exchange licenses. So is there a linux equivalent of the Exchange pickup directory?

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  • (How) does deleting open files on Linux and a FAT file system work?

    - by lxgr
    It's clear to me how deleting open files works on filesystems that use inodes - unlink() just decreases the link count to zero, and when the last file handle to the file is closed, the inode will be removed. But how does it work when using a file system that doesn't use inodes, like FAT32, with Linux? Some experiments suggest that deleting open files is still possible (unlike on Windows, where the unlink call wouldn't succeed), but what happens when the file system is uncleanly unmounted? How does Linux mark the files as unlinked, when the file system itself doesn't support such an operation? Is the directory entry just deleted, but retained in memory (that would guarantee deletion after unmounting in any case, but would leave the file system in an inconsistent state), or will the deletion only be marked in memory, and written at the time the last file handle is closed, avoiding possible corruption, but restoring the deleted files after an unclean unmount?

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  • Best virtualization solution for running Linux under Mac OS X?

    - by grumbles
    I'd like to run a virtualized Ubuntu instance under Mac OS X (10.6). I've used VirtualBox in the past, but am looking for something that will be faster, and don't mind paying for either Parallels Desktop or VMWare Fusion. Does anyone have experience running Linux guests under either or both programs? I'm primarily interested in doing software development on the Linux guest installation, but I'm also very concerned with the performance and responsiveness the guest OS. I have a mid-2010 15" MacBook Pro (2.66 GHz i5, 8 GB of RAM, NVIDIDA GeForce GT 330M). Thanks!

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  • Boot custom linux up by pressing Lenovo OKR button?

    - by Semmu
    I have a Lenovo Y510p laptop and I'm a Linux user, use Windows only for gaming. The device had no OS when I bought it and I also installed an SSD besides the 1TB hard drive. I would like to "hack" the One-Key-Recovery button, because I have no interest in its default behaviour (I don't need Windows recovery), but if I could boot up a hidden, fail-safe Linux with it, that would be great. How could I achieve it? I tried to search what the button does, but I only found some installers for Windows that could magically create a partition for the recovery. I would like to override this behaviour completely to boot up something else.

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  • Turn 2 USB type A ports (receptacles) into an extension cable with 2 type A receptacles using Linux?

    - by Tianyang Li
    I'm currently trying to connect 2 USB devices together, but both ends are type A plugs. Before I buy a physical extension cords with 2 type A receptacles, I'd like to know if I can connect these 2 devices together at all by passing data "transparently" through a Linux box with = 2 USB ports. I'm actually trying to connect a keyboard to an Android phone, and I want to first try if it can work by using a Linux box as a "virtual" USB extension cord. Has anybody done something like this before? Thanks!

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  • Why is it possible to change the password of an admin user on linux?

    - by enum
    A few days ago, a friend of mine, wanted to show me that he can use my linux even if I don't tell him my password. He entered in GRUB, selected the recovery mode option. My first problem is that he already had access to my files (read only). He tried to do passwd but failed. Then he did some kind of remount (I guess that gave him write rights) and after that he was able to change my password. Why is this possible? I personally see it a security issue. Where I work there are several people that use linux and neither of them have a BIOS password set or some other kind of security wall.

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  • Performance impact of running Linux in a virtual machine in Windows?

    - by vovick
    Hello, I'd like to know what performance impact I could expect running Linux in a virtual machine in Windows. The job I need Linux for is heavy and almost non-stop code compilation with GCC. Dual-boot doesn't look like a very attractive solution, so I'm counting on low VM overhead right now (10-20% would be fine for me, but 50% or more will be unacceptable). Did anyone try to measure the performance difference, are there any comparison tables? What virtual machine with the lowest overhead possible will you suggest? My host OS is Win7 and I've got a modern Core i7 with VT-x present. Thanks!

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  • Spacewalk 2.0 provided to manage Oracle Linux systems

    - by wcoekaer
    Oracle Linux customers have a few options to manage and provision their servers. We provide a license to use Oracle Enterprise Manager's Linux OS management, monitoring and provisioning features without additional cost for every server that has an Oracle Linux support subscription. So there is no additional pack to license and no additional per server cost, it's all included in our Basic, Premier and Systems support subscriptions. The nice thing with Oracle Enterprise Manager is that you end up with a single management product that can manage all aspects of your software stack. You have complete insight into the applications running, you have roles and responsibilities, you have third party connectors for storage or other products and it makes it very easy and convenient to correlate data and events when something happens. If you use Oracle VM as well, you end up with a complete cloud portal with selfservice, chargeback, etc... Another, much simpler option, is just using yum. It is very easy to take a server and create directories and expose these through apache as repositories. You can have a simple yum config on each server pointing to a few specific repositories. It requires some manual effort in terms of creating directories, downloading packages and creating local repo files but it's easy to do and for many people a preferred solution. There are also a good number of customers that just connect their servers directly to ULN or to our free update server public-yum. Just to re-iterate, our public-yum servers have all the errata and updates available for free. Now we added another option. Many of our customers have switched from a competing Linux vendor and they had familiarity with their management tools. Switching to Oracle for support is very easy since we don't require changes to the installed servers but we also want to make sure there is a very easy and almost transparent switch for the management tools as well. While Oracle Enterprise Manager is our preferred way of managing systems, we now are offering Spacewalk 2.0 to our customers. The community project can be found here. We have made a few changes to ensure easy and complete support for Oracle Linux, tested it with public-yum, etc.. You can find the rpms in our public-yum repos at http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/. There are repositories for spacewalk server and then for each version (OL5,OL6) and architecture (x86 and x86-64) we have the client repositories as well. Spacewalk itself is only made available for OL6 x86-64. Documentation can be found here. I set it up myself and here are some quick steps on how you can get going in just a matter of minutes: Spacewalk Server Installation : 1) Installing an Oracle Database Use an existing Oracle Database or install a new Oracle Database (Standard or Enterprise Edition) [at this time use 11g, we will add support for 12c in the near future]. This database can be installed on the spacewalk server or on a separate remote server. While Oracle XE might work to create a small sample POC, we do not support the use of Oracle XE, spacewalk repositories can become large and create a significant database workload. Customers can use their existing database licenses, they can download the database with a trial licence from http://edelivery.oracle.com or Oracle Linux subscribers (customers) will be allowed to use the Oracle Database as a spacewalk repository as part of their Oracle Linux subscription at no additional cost. |NOTE : spacewalk requires the database to be configured with the UTF8 characterset. |Installation will fail if your database does not use UTF8. |To verify if your database is configured correctly, run the following command in sqlplus: | |select value from nls_database_parameters where parameter='NLS_CHARACTERSET'; |This should return 'AL32UTF8' 2) Configure the database schema for spacewalk Ideally, create a tablespace in the database to hold the spacewalk schema tables/data; create tablespace spacewalk datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/spacewalk.dbf' size 10G autoextend on; Create the database user spacewalk (or use some other schema name) in sqlplus. example : create user spacewalk identified by spacewalk; grant connect, resource to spacewalk; grant create table, create trigger, create synonym, create view, alter session to spacewalk; grant unlimited tablespace to spacewalk; alter user spacewalk default tablespace spacewalk; 4) Spacewalk installation and configuration Spacewalk server requires an Oracle Linux 6 x86-64 system. Clients can be Oracle Linux 5 or 6, both 32- and 64bit. The server is only supported on OL6/64bit. The easiest way to get started is to do a 'Minimal' install of Oracle Linux on a server and configure the yum repository to include the spacewalk repo from public-yum. Once you have a system with a minimal install, modify your yum repo to include the spacewalk repo. Example : edit /etc/yum.repos.d/public-yum-ol.repo and add the following lines at the end of the file : [spacewalk] name=spacewalk baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/spacewalk20/server/$basearch/ gpgkey=http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6 gpgcheck=1 enabled=1 Install the following pre-requisite packages on your spacewalk server : oracle-instantclient11.2-basic-11.2.0.3.0-1.x86_64 oracle-instantclient11.2-sqlplus-11.2.0.3.0-1.x86_64 rpm -ivh oracle-instantclient11.2-basic-11.2.0.3.0-1.x86_64 rpm -ivh oracle-instantclient11.2-sqlplus-11.2.0.3.0-1.x86_64 The above RPMs can be found on the Oracle Technology Network website : http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/linuxx86-64soft-092277.html As the root user, configure the library path to include the Oracle Instant Client libraries : cd /etc/ld.so.conf.d echo /usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64/lib oracle-instantclient11.2.conf ldconfig Install spacewalk : # yum install spacewalk-oracle The above yum command should download and install all required packages to run spacewalk on your local server. | NOTE : if you did a full, desktop or workstation installation, | you have to remove the JTA package | BEFORE installing spacewalk-oracle (rpm -e --nodeps jta) Once the installation completes, simply run the spacewalk configuration tool and you are all set. (make sure to run the command with the 2 arguments) spacewalk-setup --disconnected --external-db Answer the questions during the setup, ensure you provide the current database user (example : spacewalk) and password (example : spacewalk) and database server hostname (the standard hostname of the server on which you have deployed the Oracle database) At the end of the setup script, your spacewalk server should be fully configured and you can log into the web portal. Use your favorite browser to connect to the website : http://[spacewalkserverhostname] The very first action will be to create the main admin account.

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  • how to adjust the size of the root partition on live arch linux system (/dev/mapper/arch_root-image)

    - by leon
    Summary: I created a bootable usb drive with a live Bridge linux (ARCH based) on it. Everything works fine. The live system mounts a device called /dev/mapper/arch_root-image as its ext4 root partition (/ mount point). The problem is that I dont know how to control the size of this partition. This is not a Bridge specific issue (also happens with Archbang) Detail: My usb drive has a dos partition table with 2 ext2 partitions $ fdisk -l /dev/sdb Disk /dev/sdb: 29,8 GiB, 32006733824 bytes, 62513152 sectors Unités : secteur de 1 × 512 = 512 octets Taille de secteur (logique / physique) : 512 octets / 512 octets taille d'E/S (minimale / optimale) : 512 octets / 512 octets Type d'étiquette de disque : dos Identifiant de disque : 0x0007b7e2 Périphérique Amorçage Début Fin Blocs Id Système /dev/sdb1 * 2048 2002943 1000448 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 2002944 32258047 15127552 83 Linux sdb1 is approx 1GB and sdb2 is 14GB. The live system is on sdb1. sdb2 is empty. Now when I boot the live system, its filesystem looks like this: $ mount proc on /proc type proc (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime) sys on /sys type sysfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime) dev on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,nosuid,relatime,size=505272k,nr_inodes=126318,mode=755) run on /run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,mode=755) /dev/sda1 on /run/archiso/bootmnt type ext2 (ro,relatime) cowspace on /run/archiso/cowspace type tmpfs (rw,relatime,size=772468k,mode=755) /dev/loop0 on /run/archiso/sfs/root-image type squashfs (ro,relatime) /dev/mapper/arch_root-image on / type ext4 (rw,relatime) securityfs on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000) tmpfs on /sys/fs/cgroup type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,mode=755) cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,xattr,release_agent=/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-cgroups-agent,name=systemd) pstore on /sys/fs/pstore type pstore (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime) cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpuset) cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu,cpuacct type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpuacct,cpu) cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/memory type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,memory) cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/devices type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,devices) cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,freezer) cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/net_cls type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,net_cls) cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/blkio type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,blkio) mqueue on /dev/mqueue type mqueue (rw,relatime) debugfs on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw,relatime) hugetlbfs on /dev/hugepages type hugetlbfs (rw,relatime) configfs on /sys/kernel/config type configfs (rw,relatime) systemd-1 on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type autofs (rw,relatime,fd=36,pgrp=1,timeout=300,minproto=5,maxproto=5,direct) tmpfs on /tmp type tmpfs (rw) tmpfs on /etc/pacman.d/gnupg type tmpfs (rw,relatime,mode=755) As we can see, the root partition is from the device /dev/mapper/arch_root-image and my problem is that the live system recognizes it as a 3.9GB drive $ df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/arch_root-image 3.9G 1.9G 2.1G 48% / dev 494M 0 494M 0% /dev run 503M 23M 481M 5% /run /dev/sda1 962M 590M 324M 65% /run/archiso/bootmnt cowspace 755M 32M 723M 5% /run/archiso/cowspace /dev/loop0 520M 520M 0 100% /run/archiso/sfs/root-image tmpfs 503M 132K 503M 1% /dev/shm tmpfs 503M 0 503M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup tmpfs 503M 360K 503M 1% /tmp tmpfs 503M 896K 503M 1% /etc/pacman.d/gnupg My question is how is this size controled? I suspect this is related to the content of the aitab file which is part of the Bridge iso image: $ cat aitab # <img> <mnt> <arch> <sfs_comp> <fs_type> <fs_size> root-image / i686 xz ext4 50% I have read https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/archiso#aitab but found no clue

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