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  • Garbage Collection leak? Scripting Bridge leak?

    - by Y.Vera
    Hello everyone! I'm always really picky about memory leaks and I cannot understand why my garbage collected application leaks. My code is entirely memory-managed and it runs great without garbage collection, not a single leak. However, as soon as I turn on garbage collection it leaks! Just to prove a point, why does this leak in a garbage collected app? (place this dummy code at applicationDidFinishLaunching:) NSOpenPanel *panel = [NSOpenPanel openPanel]; [panel beginSheetModalForWindow:window completionHandler:^(NSInteger result) {NSBeep();}]; Also, is there a way to prevent leaks in apps (garbage collected or otherwise) that use Scripting Bridge? it seems as if they all leak, even the sample ones in xcode. Thanks everybody!

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  • Why don't scripting languages output Unicode to the Windows console?

    - by hippietrail
    The Windows console has been Unicode aware for at least a decade and perhaps as far back as Windows NT. However for some reason the major cross-platform scripting languages including Perl and Python only ever output various 8-bit encodings, requiring much trouble to work around. Perl gives a "wide character in print" warning, Pythong gives a charmap error and quits. Why on earth after all these years do they not just simply call the Win32 -W APIs that output UTF-16 Unicode instead of forcing everything through the ANSI/codepage bottleneck? Is it just that cross-platform performance is low priority? Is it that the languages use UTF-8 internally and find it too much bother to output UTF-16? Or are the -W APIs inherently broken to such a degree that they can't be used as-is?

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  • When we run an aspx page with client side scripting on IIS, we get an ActiveX control error?

    - by Ananya
    we have implemented the code for installing the messenger theme pack using the client side scripting in a web page. We are creating an object of the messenger using the classid .Using this object we call the installcontent() method and try to install the messenger theme pack hosted at following path: http://www.messengerexpressions.com/assets/worldCup/cabs/en-gb.cab Our code initially checks whether the messenger is installed on the user machine or not. Then it checks for the user login ,once the messenger is installed on the machine. And if the user is signed-in , the messenger theme pack is installed. The code currently when hosted on IIS checks the “Sign-In of the user” but when it tries to install the theme pack an error is thrown “An ActiveX control on this page is unsafe.Your current security settings prohibit running unsafe control on this page.As a result,this page may not be display as intended.” Please let us know if any setting is required on IIS for running this piece of codeor anything that we are missing out.

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  • Nagios: NRPE: Unable to read output, Can't find the reason, can you?

    - by Itai Ganot
    I have a Nagios server and a monitored server. On the monitored server: [root@Monitored ~]# netstat -an |grep :5666 tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5666 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN [root@Monitored ~]# locate check_kvm /usr/lib64/nagios/plugins/check_kvm [root@Monitored ~]# /usr/lib64/nagios/plugins/check_kvm -H localhost hosts:3 OK:3 WARN:0 CRIT:0 - ab2c7:running alpweb5:running istaweb5:running [root@Monitored ~]# /usr/lib64/nagios/plugins/check_nrpe -H localhost -c check_kvm NRPE: Unable to read output [root@Monitored ~]# /usr/lib64/nagios/plugins/check_nrpe -H localhost NRPE v2.14 [root@Monitored ~]# ps -ef |grep nrpe nagios 21178 1 0 16:11 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/nrpe -c /etc/nagios/nrpe.cfg -d [root@Monitored ~]# On the Nagios server: [root@Nagios ~]# /usr/lib64/nagios/plugins/check_nrpe -H 1.1.1.159 -c check_kvm NRPE: Unable to read output [root@Nagios ~]# /usr/lib64/nagios/plugins/check_nrpe -H 1.1.1.159 NRPE v2.14 [root@Nagios ~]# When I check another server in the network using the same command it works: [root@Nagios ~]# /usr/lib64/nagios/plugins/check_nrpe -H 1.1.1.80 -c check_kvm hosts:4 OK:4 WARN:0 CRIT:0 - karmisoft:running ab2c4:running kidumim1:running travel2gether1:running [root@Nagios ~]# Running the check locally using Nagios account: [root@Monitored ~]# su - nagios -bash-4.1$ /usr/lib64/nagios/plugins/check_kvm hosts:3 OK:3 WARN:0 CRIT:0 - ab2c7:running alpweb5:running istaweb5:running -bash-4.1$ Running the check remotely from the Nagios server using Nagios account: -bash-4.1$ /usr/lib64/nagios/plugins/check_nrpe -H 1.1.1.159 -c check_kvm NRPE: Unable to read output -bash-4.1$ /usr/lib64/nagios/plugins/check_nrpe -H 1.1.1.159 NRPE v2.14 -bash-4.1$ Running the same check_kvm against a different server in the network using Nagios account: -bash-4.1$ /usr/lib64/nagios/plugins/check_nrpe -H 1.1.1.80 -c check_kvm hosts:4 OK:4 WARN:0 CRIT:0 - karmisoft:running ab2c4:running kidumim1:running travel2gether1:running -bash-4.1$ Permissions: -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 4684 2013-10-14 17:14 nrpe.cfg (aka /etc/nagios/nrpe.cfg) drwxrwxr-x. 3 nagios nagios 4096 2013-10-15 03:38 plugins (aka /usr/lib64/nagios/plugins) /etc/sudoers: [root@Monitored ~]# grep -i requiretty /etc/sudoers #Defaults requiretty iptables/selinux: [root@Monitored xinetd.d]# service iptables status iptables: Firewall is not running. [root@Monitored xinetd.d]# service ip6tables status ip6tables: Firewall is not running. [root@Monitored xinetd.d]# grep disable /etc/selinux/config # disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded. SELINUX=disabled [root@Monitored xinetd.d]# The command in /etc/nagios/nrpe.cfg is: [root@Monitored ~]# grep kvm /etc/nagios/nrpe.cfg command[check_kvm]=sudo /usr/lib64/nagios/plugins/check_kvm and the nagios user is added on /etc/sudoers: nagios ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:/usr/lib64/nagios/plugins/check_kvm nagios ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:/usr/lib64/nagios/plugins/check_nrpe The check_kvm is a shell script, looks like that: #!/bin/sh LIST=$(virsh list --all | sed '1,2d' | sed '/^$/d'| awk '{print $2":"$3}') if [ ! "$LIST" ]; then EXITVAL=3 #Status 3 = UNKNOWN (orange) echo "Unknown guests" exit $EXITVAL fi OK=0 WARN=0 CRIT=0 NUM=0 for host in $(echo $LIST) do name=$(echo $host | awk -F: '{print $1}') state=$(echo $host | awk -F: '{print $2}') NUM=$(expr $NUM + 1) case "$state" in running|blocked) OK=$(expr $OK + 1) ;; paused) WARN=$(expr $WARN + 1) ;; shutdown|shut*|crashed) CRIT=$(expr $CRIT + 1) ;; *) CRIT=$(expr $CRIT + 1) ;; esac done if [ "$NUM" -eq "$OK" ]; then EXITVAL=0 #Status 0 = OK (green) fi if [ "$WARN" -gt 0 ]; then EXITVAL=1 #Status 1 = WARNING (yellow) fi if [ "$CRIT" -gt 0 ]; then EXITVAL=2 #Status 2 = CRITICAL (red) fi echo hosts:$NUM OK:$OK WARN:$WARN CRIT:$CRIT - $LIST exit $EXITVAL Edit (10/22/13): Following all that, I am now able to get some response from the script: [root@Monitored ~]# /usr/lib64/nagios/plugins/check_nrpe -H localhost -c check_kvm Unknown guests [root@Monitored ~]# /usr/lib64/nagios/plugins/check_nrpe -H localhost NRPE v2.14 [root@Monitored ~]# /usr/lib64/nagios/plugins/check_kvm hosts:3 OK:3 WARN:0 CRIT:0 - ab2c7:running alpweb5:running istaweb5:running [root@Monitored ~]# su - nagios -bash-4.1$ /usr/lib64/nagios/plugins/check_kvm hosts:3 OK:3 WARN:0 CRIT:0 - ab2c7:running alpweb5:running istaweb5:running -bash-4.1$ /usr/lib64/nagios/plugins/check_nrpe -H localhost -c check_kvm Unknown guests -bash-4.1$ /usr/lib64/nagios/plugins/check_nrpe -H localhost NRPE v2.14 It seems like the problem is some how related to the check_nrpe command or something which is related to the nrpe installation on the server.

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  • run windows command from bash with output to standard out?

    - by Wayne
    Folks, I'm using git tools such as git bisect run which need to call a command to build and test my project. My command to do is nant which is a windows program. Or a build.cmd script which calls nant. It's easy to get the bash to call the nant build to run. But the hard part is how to get the standard output written to a file? I even installed the Windows PowerShell to try running a command from bash. Again, it works but the standard output fill says "permission denied" when I try to read it while the build is going on.

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  • SH/BASH - Scan a log file until some text occurs, then exit. How??

    - by James
    Current working environment is OSX 10.4.11. My current script: #!/bin/sh tail -f log.txt | while read line do if echo $line | grep -q 'LOL CANDY'; then echo 'LOL MATCH FOUND' exit 0 fi done It works properly the first time, but on the second run and beyond it takes 2 occurrences of 'LOL CANDY' to appear before the script will exit, for whatever reason. And although I'm not sure it is specifically related, there is the problem of the "tail -f" staying open forever. Can someone please give me an example that will work without using tail -f? If you want you can give me a bash script, as OSX can handle sh, bash, and some other shells I think.

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  • How do you tell if a string contains another string in Unix shell scripting?

    - by Matt
    Hi all, I want to write a Unix shell script that will do various logic if there is a string inside of another string. For example, if I am in a certain folder, branch off. Could someone please tell me how to accomplish this? If possible I would like to make this not shell specific (i.e. not bash only) but if there's no other way I can make do with that. #!/bin/sh CURRENT_DIR=`pwd` if [ CURRENT_DIR contains "String1" ] then echo "String1 present" elif [ CURRENT_DIR contains "String1" ] then echo "String2 present" else echo "Else" fi

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  • Multiple vulnerabilities in Oracle Java Web Console

    - by RitwikGhoshal
    CVE DescriptionCVSSv2 Base ScoreComponentProduct and Resolution CVE-2007-5333 Information Exposure vulnerability 5.0 Apache Tomcat Solaris 10 SPARC: 147673-04 X86: 147674-04 CVE-2007-5342 Permissions, Privileges, and Access Controls vulnerability 6.4 CVE-2007-6286 Request handling vulnerability 4.3 CVE-2008-0002 Information disclosure vulnerability 5.8 CVE-2008-1232 Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability 4.3 CVE-2008-1947 Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability 4.3 CVE-2008-2370 Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') vulnerability 5.0 CVE-2008-2938 Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') vulnerability 4.3 CVE-2008-5515 Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') vulnerability 5.0 CVE-2009-0033 Improper Input Validation vulnerability 5.0 CVE-2009-0580 Information Exposure vulnerability 4.3 CVE-2009-0781 Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability 4.3 CVE-2009-0783 Information Exposure vulnerability 4.6 CVE-2009-2693 Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') vulnerability 5.8 CVE-2009-2901 Permissions, Privileges, and Access Controls vulnerability 4.3 CVE-2009-2902 Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') vulnerability 4.3 CVE-2009-3548 Credentials Management vulnerability 7.5 CVE-2010-1157 Information Exposure vulnerability 2.6 CVE-2010-2227 Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer vulnerability 6.4 CVE-2010-3718 Directory traversal vulnerability 1.2 CVE-2010-4172 Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability 4.3 CVE-2010-4312 Configuration vulnerability 6.4 CVE-2011-0013 Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability 4.3 CVE-2011-0534 Resource Management Errors vulnerability 5.0 CVE-2011-1184 Permissions, Privileges, and Access Controls vulnerability 5.0 CVE-2011-2204 Information Exposure vulnerability 1.9 CVE-2011-2526 Improper Input Validation vulnerability 4.4 CVE-2011-3190 Permissions, Privileges, and Access Controls vulnerability 7.5 CVE-2011-4858 Resource Management Errors vulnerability 5.0 CVE-2011-5062 Permissions, Privileges, and Access Controls vulnerability 5.0 CVE-2011-5063 Improper Authentication vulnerability 4.3 CVE-2011-5064 Cryptographic Issues vulnerability 4.3 CVE-2012-0022 Numeric Errors vulnerability 5.0 This notification describes vulnerabilities fixed in third-party components that are included in Oracle's product distributions.Information about vulnerabilities affecting Oracle products can be found on Oracle Critical Patch Updates and Security Alerts page.

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  • How to create a user with root privileges in bash?

    - by George Edison
    I have run the following commands: sudo groupadd -r testgroup sudo useradd -g testgroup -M -r testuser Notice the -r option, which according to the man page: -r     Create a system account. Assuming I have a user account with root privileges, I then run: sudo -u testuser cat /dev/input/mouse0 However, I get: cat: /dev/input/mouse0: Permission denied Running the same command as root provides the expected output (garbled output from the mouse driver). How can I create a user with root privileges?

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  • Implementing eval and load functions inside a scripting engine with Flex and Bison.

    - by Simone Margaritelli
    Hy guys, i'm developing a scripting engine with flex and bison and now i'm implementing the eval and load functions for this language. Just to give you an example, the syntax is like : import std.*; load( "some_script.hy" ); eval( "foo = 123;" ); println( foo ); So, in my lexer i've implemented the function : void hyb_parse_string( const char *str ){ extern int yyparse(void); YY_BUFFER_STATE prev, next; /* * Save current buffer. */ prev = YY_CURRENT_BUFFER; /* * yy_scan_string will call yy_switch_to_buffer. */ next = yy_scan_string( str ); /* * Do actual parsing (yyparse calls yylex). */ yyparse(); /* * Restore previous buffer. */ yy_switch_to_buffer(prev); } But it does not seem to work. Well, it does but when the string (loaded from a file or directly evaluated) is finished, i get a sigsegv : Program received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault. 0xb7f2b801 in yylex () at src/lexer.cpp:1658 1658 if ( YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_buffer_status == YY_BUFFER_NEW ) As you may notice, the sigsegv is generated by the flex/bison code, not mine ... any hints, or at least any example on how to implement those kind of functions? PS: I've succesfully implemented the include directive, but i need eval and load to work not at parsing time but execution time (kind of PHP's include/require directives).

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  • (illustrator scripting) how to release objects to layers(sequence) but retain object's name?

    - by Eugene
    Hi, I've asked the same question to adobe scripting forum. but seems there are not many forum users there, and I'm asking the same question here. I was writing my first illustrator script to export all layers to png files with layer structure converted to file structure. I found there are many layers that my script can't detect and found out that they are not actually layers but objects(or groups). Found a layer menu (release to layers), but doesn't quite solve the problem perfectly. initially I have this layer 001 object 01 object 1 object 2 release to layers(sequence) on object 01 gives layer 001 layer 91(whatever the layer number illustrator gives when release to layers are performed) layer 92 object 1 layer 93 object 2 now I need to convert them to (so that layer can retain the name of the object) layer 001 layer 01 layer 1 object 1 layer 2 object 2 I have hundreds of layer 001, and couple thousands of object 01, and wonder if anything can be done with script to do this... If it's possible to detect object in a script, I could rewrite the 'release to layers' functionality in script maybe. Any help would be greatly appreciated.

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  • How do I add a shapefile in ArcGIS via python scripting?

    - by Tom W
    I am trying to automate various tasks in ArcGIS Desktop (using ArcMap generally) with Python, and I keep needing a way to add a shape file to the current map. (And then do stuff to it, but that's another story). The best I can do so far is to add a layer file to the current map, using the following ("addLayer" is a layer file object): def AddLayerFromLayerFile(addLayer): import arcpy mxd = arcpy.mapping.MapDocument("CURRENT") df = arcpy.mapping.ListDataFrames(mxd, "Layers")[0] arcpy.mapping.AddLayer(df, addLayer, "AUTO_ARRANGE") arcpy.RefreshActiveView() arcpy.RefreshTOC() del mxd, df, addLayer However, my raw data is always going be shape files, so I need to be able to open them. (Equivantly: convert a shape file to a layer file wiothout opening it, but I'd prefer not to do that).

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  • Scripting help - need to get phone number of AD accounts and then add them to contacts in trusted domain

    - by TheCleaner
    I have domain accounts that I have created as contacts in another trusted domain so that they can see them in their Exchange GAL. I need a way to extract the phone number field from UserA (user account) in DomainA and import it into UserA (contact) in DomainB. I get the logic, it's just the code (vbscript/powershell/whatever) that eludes me. The logic as I see it: Connect to source AD (ou/subtree) Extract user accounts from OU and subcontainers including first name, last name, display name, and phone number Connect to target AD (ou/subtree) Verify/match contact with extract in #2 above based on display name Update phone field with phone number in extract Write log of success and failures Anybody able to help?

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  • Is using a GUI worse than using bash and other text interface tools?

    - by Glycerine
    As a freelancer, and previous Adobe trainer, I get a look-in at many development workflows and alternate styles of programming and design and therefore quite open to different workflows. But a recent post I had, I needed to use SQL - so I whipped out navicat and wrote a nice join statement. I had sniggering comments and sideways glances when I told the developers I was working with navicat, I preferred a GUI to bash and I prefer Aptana to notepad. I felt a little insulted and under skilled as I didn't want to sit in front of reams of spewing green text. I know and use the tools when required but I prefer more attractive, modern products. Have you guys had this? What do you do to overcome it - apart from using bash and notepad more? How do you subdue a developer who's being arrogant about his skill? And is it my fault? I hope this question is not subjective, I do feel like I am inferior to my peers due to it - so some advise would really help.

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  • Will there be a difference between Unity "Desktop" and Unity "Netbook" interface?

    - by bash
    What has me slightly confused from all the different reports about Unity becoming the default shell in the 11.04 desktop edition: Some claim and this is how most people seem to see it, that what currently is the UNE interface will be taken 1:1 (including any changes made during the Natty cycle) and used as the interface for the desktop version - meaning that the interface will be exactly the same for 11.04 UNE and UDE. Some other reports talk more along the lines a "desktop unity", making it sound, that while both will be using Unity, the Desktop edition will get it's own Unity, tailored specifically towards the Desktop formfactor. So both editions will be using Unity, but with slight differences in the layout or interface. So my question is, will there be any difference between 11.04 Unity "Desktop" and Unity "Netbook" interface?

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  • Using Reflection.Emit to match existing constructor

    - by yodaj007
    First, here is the C# code and the disassembled IL: public class Program<T> { private List<T> _items; public Program(T x, [Microsoft.Scripting.ParamDictionary] Microsoft.Scripting.IAttributesCollection col) { _items = new List<T>(); _items.Add(x); } } Here is the IL of that constructor: .method public hidebysig specialname rtspecialname instance void .ctor(!T x, class [Microsoft.Scripting]Microsoft.Scripting.IAttributesCollection col) cil managed { .param [2] .custom instance void [Microsoft.Scripting]Microsoft.Scripting.ParamDictionaryAttribute::.ctor() = ( 01 00 00 00 ) // Code size 34 (0x22) .maxstack 8 IL_0000: ldarg.0 IL_0001: call instance void [mscorlib]System.Object::.ctor() IL_0006: nop IL_0007: nop IL_0008: ldarg.0 IL_0009: newobj instance void class [mscorlib]System.Collections.Generic.List`1<!T>::.ctor() IL_000e: stfld class [mscorlib]System.Collections.Generic.List`1<!0> class Foo.Program`1<!T>::_items IL_0013: ldarg.0 IL_0014: ldfld class [mscorlib]System.Collections.Generic.List`1<!0> class Foo.Program`1<!T>::_items IL_0019: ldarg.1 IL_001a: callvirt instance void class [mscorlib]System.Collections.Generic.List`1<!T>::Add(!0) IL_001f: nop IL_0020: nop IL_0021: ret } // end of method Program`1::.ctor I am trying to understand the IL code by emitting it myself. This is what I have managed to emit: .method public hidebysig specialname rtspecialname instance void .ctor(!T A_1, class [Microsoft.Scripting]Microsoft.Scripting.IAttributesCollection A_2) cil managed { // Code size 34 (0x22) .maxstack 4 IL_0000: ldarg.0 IL_0001: call instance void [mscorlib]System.Object::.ctor() IL_0006: ldarg.0 IL_0007: newobj instance void class [mscorlib]System.Collections.Generic.List`1<!T>::.ctor() IL_000c: stfld class [mscorlib]System.Collections.Generic.List`1<!0> class MyType<!T>::_items IL_0011: ldarg.0 IL_0012: ldfld class [mscorlib]System.Collections.Generic.List`1<!0> class MyType<!T>::_items IL_0017: ldarg.s A_1 IL_0019: nop IL_001a: nop IL_001b: nop IL_001c: callvirt instance void class [mscorlib]System.Collections.Generic.List`1<!T>::Add(!0) IL_0021: ret } // end of method MyType::.ctor There are a few differences that I just can't figure out. I'm really close... How do I take care of the parameter attribute (ParamDictionaryAttribute)? I can't find a 'custom' opcode. Is the .param [2] important? How do I emit that? Why is the C# code stack size 8, while my emitted version is 4? Is this important?

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  • Cannot launch an application, 'No such file or directory' but it exists

    - by pst007x
    The folder exists, the application has been made executable. But when i run it I get the following message: pst007x@pst007x-Aspire-5741:~$ /home/pst007x/Applications/ClipGrab/clipgrab bash: /home/pst007x/Applications/ClipGrab/clipgrab: No such file or directory pst007x@pst007x-Aspire-5741:~$ Thanks NOTE: AS SUGGESTED BELOW pst007x@pst007x-Aspire-5741:~$ file /home/pst007x/Applications/ClipGrab/clipgrab /bin/bash /home/pst007x/Applications/ClipGrab/clipgrab: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, Intel 80386, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.6.15, BuildID[sha1]=0x22c8628796d72d721cf46293fe1d83b965de6df0, stripped /bin/bash: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.6.15, BuildID[sha1]=0x7ea55c6b94d32a06887081649ec990fd70700455, stripped pst007x@pst007x-Aspire-5741:~$ NOTE: AS SUGGESTED BELOW pst007x@pst007x-Aspire-5741:~/Applications/ClipGrab$ ls -l total 588 -rwxrwxrwx 1 pst007x pst007x 388096 Mar 26 14:50 clipgrab -rwxrwxr-x 1 pst007x pst007x 194397 Feb 11 04:07 clipgrab-3.1.3.0.bz2 -rwxrwxr-x 1 pst007x pst007x 15981 Feb 13 00:46 Clipgrab icon.jpg pst007x@pst007x-Aspire-5741:~/Applications/ClipGrab$ NOTE: AS SUGGESTED BELOW pst007x@pst007x-Aspire-5741:~$ cd /home/pst007x/Applications/ClipGrab/ pst007x@pst007x-Aspire-5741:~/Applications/ClipGrab$ ./clipgrab bash: ./clipgrab: No such file or directory pst007x@pst007x-Aspire-5741:

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  • ubuntu input/output error

    - by rplevy
    I'm having a problem with Ubuntu that I'm finding hard to troubleshoot for reasons that will become clear: reboot -bash: /sbin/reboot: Input/output error dmesg -bash: /bin/dmesg: Input/output error ps -e ps: error while loading shared libraries: /lib/libproc-3.2.8.so: cannot read file data: Input/output error lsof -bash: /usr/bin/lsof: Input/output error fsck -bash: /sbin/fsck: Input/output error badblocks -bash: /sbin/badblocks: Input/output error So I can't see what is going on, and I can't remotely reboot. What can I do to get to the bottom of this? Interestingly: init 0 Segmentation fault I can cat /var/syslog but not /var/log/messages or several other important files. less and more don't work, neither do tail or head, etc.

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  • I've changed default shell but my terminal don't get it

    - by om-nom-nom
    Recently I've changed my default shell from bash to zsh like this: chsh -s /bin/zsh myname But when I invoke a new terminal (e.g. using ctrl+alt+T) I still have bash loaded: myname@machine:~$ cat /etc/passwd | grep myname myname:x:1000:1000:myname,,,:/home/myname:/bin/zsh myname@machine:~$ echo $SHELL /bin/bash zsh is installed and can be explicitly runned with zsh command. How to deal with that?

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  • Library order is important

    - by Darryl Gove
    I've written quite extensively about link ordering issues, but I've not discussed the interaction between archive libraries and shared libraries. So let's take a simple program that calls a maths library function: #include <math.h int main() { for (int i=0; i<10000000; i++) { sin(i); } } We compile and run it to get the following performance: bash-3.2$ cc -g -O fp.c -lm bash-3.2$ timex ./a.out real 6.06 user 6.04 sys 0.01 Now most people will have heard of the optimised maths library which is added by the flag -xlibmopt. This contains optimised versions of key mathematical functions, in this instance, using the library doubles performance: bash-3.2$ cc -g -O -xlibmopt fp.c -lm bash-3.2$ timex ./a.out real 2.70 user 2.69 sys 0.00 The optimised maths library is provided as an archive library (libmopt.a), and the driver adds it to the link line just before the maths library - this causes the linker to pick the definitions provided by the static library in preference to those provided by libm. We can see the processing by asking the compiler to print out the link line: bash-3.2$ cc -### -g -O -xlibmopt fp.c -lm /usr/ccs/bin/ld ... fp.o -lmopt -lm -o a.out... The flag to the linker is -lmopt, and this is placed before the -lm flag. So what happens when the -lm flag is in the wrong place on the command line: bash-3.2$ cc -g -O -xlibmopt -lm fp.c bash-3.2$ timex ./a.out real 6.02 user 6.01 sys 0.01 If the -lm flag is before the source file (or object file for that matter), we get the slower performance from the system maths library. Why's that? If we look at the link line we can see the following ordering: /usr/ccs/bin/ld ... -lmopt -lm fp.o -o a.out So the optimised maths library is still placed before the system maths library, but the object file is placed afterwards. This would be ok if the optimised maths library were a shared library, but it is not - instead it's an archive library, and archive library processing is different - as described in the linker and library guide: "The link-editor searches an archive only to resolve undefined or tentative external references that have previously been encountered." An archive library can only be used resolve symbols that are outstanding at that point in the link processing. When fp.o is placed before the libmopt.a archive library, then the linker has an unresolved symbol defined in fp.o, and it will search the archive library to resolve that symbol. If the archive library is placed before fp.o then there are no unresolved symbols at that point, and so the linker doesn't need to use the archive library. This is why libmopt needs to be placed after the object files on the link line. On the other hand if the linker has observed any shared libraries, then at any point these are checked for any unresolved symbols. The consequence of this is that once the linker "sees" libm it will resolve any symbols it can to that library, and it will not check the archive library to resolve them. This is why libmopt needs to be placed before libm on the link line. This leads to the following order for placing files on the link line: Object files Archive libraries Shared libraries If you use this order, then things will consistently get resolved to the archive libraries rather than to the shared libaries.

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