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• Benchmarking a file server

  - by Joel Coel

  I'm working on building a new file server... a simple Windows Server box with a few terabytes of disk space to share on the LAN. Pain for current hard drive prices aside :( -- I would like to get some benchmarks for this device under load compared to our old server. The old server was installed in 2005 and had 5 136GB 10K disks in RAID 5. The new server has 8 1TB disks in two RAID 10 volumes (plus a hot spare for each volume), but they're only 7.2K rpm, and of course with a much larger cache size. I'd like to get an idea of the performance expectations of the new server relative to the old. Where do I get started? I'd like to know both raw potential under different kinds of load for each server, as well an idea of what our real-world load looks like and how it will translate. Will disk load even matter, or will performance be more driven by the network connection? I could probably fumble through some disk i/o and wait counters in performance monitor, but I don't really know what to look for, which counters to watch, or for how long and when. FWIW, I'm expecting a nice improvement because of the benefits of having two different volumes and the better RAID 10 performance vs RAID 5, in spite of using slower disks... but I'd like to get an idea of how much.

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• award phoenix bios not recognizing my sata hdd.

  - by josh

  What am I doing wrong? I have a custom built comp with a Fatal1ty AA8XE mobo. It has 4 SATA ports and one IDE port. When i first got it, I had a really hard time putting in more than one hard drive. Right now i have one 120gb IDE HDD on master and my DVD+-RW on slave connected to the one IDE spot on the mobo. I ripped a bunch of movies and filled up my HDD, so I got a WD 80gb SATA drive. I plugged it into SATA1 and hooked up the power, turned on comp, went into bios. The only thing in any option in any of the menues in this crazy lookin bios is a thing that says "SATA mode". i put it on IDE, set it so PATA is primary, SATA is secondary. booted up my comp, nothin. Not recognizing the SATA. I went back into the bios and checked it all again. I saw that it says SATA2 and SATA4 are the secondaries so i put it on SATA2, booted, nothing, same with SATA4, same with SATA3, all same as SATA1. Bios and wt os are not recognizing the drive as being there at all. I even downloaded and printed the almost 100 page manual for the mobo, read the entire thing, and still can't figure it out. I know there are a lot of people out there smarter than me when it comes to computers. So please, somebody, anybody, please tell me something that I'm not seeing. Some setting somewhere that I didn't configure right. There is something, obviously, but I can't find it. As far as i can tell, everything is set perfectly fine for my 120gb to be the master and the SATA to be the slave. I don't know what I'm doing wrong but I'm seriously about to throw this computer out the window. thankyou in advance to whoever attempts to help.

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• What causes "A disk read error occurred, Press Ctrl + Alt + Del to restart"?

  - by Mehrdad

  I have a virtual machine containing Windows XP SP3. When I resized the VHD file (and the embedded partition), and tried booting, I got: A disk read error occurred Press Ctrl + Alt + Del to restart Some notes: FixBoot and FixMBR don't help. ChkDsk doesn't help. The partition is indeed active. The partition starts at sector 63 (it also did so before the problem) of cylinder 1, head 1, and is marked as type 0x07 (NTFS) My host OS reads the VHD and the partition completely fine I'm interested in knowing the cause rather than the fix. So "re-format the disk", "reinstall Windows", etc. aren't valid solutions. It's a virtual machine after all... I have nothing to lose, so I don't care about fixing it. I just want to know what's causing this problem, in case I run into it again on a physical machine (which I have done before). More info: The layout of the original, dynamic VHD (which works correctly): +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+ ¦ Disk: 3 MBR/GPT: MBR ¦ ¦ Size: 127.00GB CHS: 16578 255 63 ¦ ¦ Sectors: 266338304 Disk Signature: 0xEE3EEE3E ¦ ¦ Partitions: 1 Partition Order: 1 ¦ ¦ Media Type: Fixed Interface: SCSI ¦ ¦ Description: Msft Virtual Disk ¦ +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------¦ ¦Pos Idx Type/Name Size Boot Hide Start Sector Total Sectors DL Vol Label ¦ +--- --- --------- ---- ---- ---- -------------- -------------- -- -----------¦ ¦ 1 1 07-NTFS 1.5G Yes No 63 3,148,677 F: <None> ¦ +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+ The layout of the resized, fixed-size VHD (which doesn't work): +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+ ¦ Disk: 3 MBR/GPT: MBR ¦ ¦ Size: 1.50GB CHS: 196 255 63 ¦ ¦ Sectors: 3149824 Disk Signature: 0xEE3EEE3E ¦ ¦ Partitions: 1 Partition Order: 1 ¦ ¦ Media Type: Fixed Interface: SCSI ¦ ¦ Description: Msft Virtual Disk ¦ +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------¦ ¦Pos Idx Type/Name Size Boot Hide Start Sector Total Sectors DL Vol Label ¦ +--- --- --------- ---- ---- ---- -------------- -------------- -- -----------¦ ¦ 1 1 07-NTFS 1.5G Yes No 63 3,148,677 F: <None> ¦ +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+

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• Windows 7 "freezes" (chills?), and then "unfreezes" after about 1 minute.

  - by gbc001

  Hi, I have an Acer Timeline 1810T netbook (4GB RAM) with Windows 7 x64. About once or twice a day, it "freezes" - the reason I put this in quotation marks is that it does not really freeze, as I you cant move mouse, etc. I can move my mouse and jump between different applications, but I cant use the applications for anything. So I can jump between notepad and Firefox, but I cant browse to a new web page. I have been trying to determine the source of this misery for a while now, and I suspect it has something to do with the hard drive - indirectly if not directly. Here are some screen shots of the resource monitor during a "freeze" and during normal operation: Freeze: http://imgur.com/Gcgq1.jpg Normal operation: imgur.com/mlHaI.jpg As you can see, CPU is fine during freeze, but the disk is going bananas.. Does anyone have an idea of what these reading means, or about the problem in general? There seems to be no specific activity that sets this off - it can be during browsing, or during media playback with nothing else open. The fact that I can see navigate to applications but not use them might suggest a hard drive problem as well? Maybe I can access the stuff that is in RAM, but not anything that would require interaction with the drive.. Very appreciative of any help!

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• Is my hard drive about to die?

  - by Hristo Deshev

  I have two hard drives set up as a RAID 1 array on my server (Linux, software RAID using mdadm) and one of them just got me this "present" in syslog: Nov 23 02:05:29 h2 kernel: [7305215.338153] ata1.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x1 SErr 0x0 action 0x0 Nov 23 02:05:29 h2 kernel: [7305215.338178] ata1.00: irq_stat 0x40000008 Nov 23 02:05:29 h2 kernel: [7305215.338197] ata1.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED Nov 23 02:05:29 h2 kernel: [7305215.338220] ata1.00: cmd 60/08:00:d8:df:da/00:00:3a:00:00/40 tag 0 ncq 4096 in Nov 23 02:05:29 h2 kernel: [7305215.338221] res 41/40:08:d8:df:da/00:00:3a:00:00/00 Emask 0x409 (media error) <F> Nov 23 02:05:29 h2 kernel: [7305215.338287] ata1.00: status: { DRDY ERR } Nov 23 02:05:29 h2 kernel: [7305215.338305] ata1.00: error: { UNC } Nov 23 02:05:29 h2 kernel: [7305215.358901] ata1.00: configured for UDMA/133 Nov 23 02:05:32 h2 kernel: [7305218.269054] ata1.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x1 SErr 0x0 action 0x0 Nov 23 02:05:32 h2 kernel: [7305218.269081] ata1.00: irq_stat 0x40000008 Nov 23 02:05:32 h2 kernel: [7305218.269101] ata1.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED Nov 23 02:05:32 h2 kernel: [7305218.269125] ata1.00: cmd 60/08:00:d8:df:da/00:00:3a:00:00/40 tag 0 ncq 4096 in Nov 23 02:05:32 h2 kernel: [7305218.269126] res 41/40:08:d8:df:da/00:00:3a:00:00/00 Emask 0x409 (media error) <F> Nov 23 02:05:32 h2 kernel: [7305218.269196] ata1.00: status: { DRDY ERR } Nov 23 02:05:32 h2 kernel: [7305218.269215] ata1.00: error: { UNC } Nov 23 02:05:32 h2 kernel: [7305218.341565] ata1.00: configured for UDMA/133 Nov 23 02:05:35 h2 kernel: [7305221.193342] ata1.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x1 SErr 0x0 action 0x0 Nov 23 02:05:35 h2 kernel: [7305221.193368] ata1.00: irq_stat 0x40000008 Nov 23 02:05:35 h2 kernel: [7305221.193386] ata1.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED Nov 23 02:05:35 h2 kernel: [7305221.193408] ata1.00: cmd 60/08:00:d8:df:da/00:00:3a:00:00/40 tag 0 ncq 4096 in Nov 23 02:05:35 h2 kernel: [7305221.193409] res 41/40:08:d8:df:da/00:00:3a:00:00/00 Emask 0x409 (media error) <F> Nov 23 02:05:35 h2 kernel: [7305221.193474] ata1.00: status: { DRDY ERR } Nov 23 02:05:35 h2 kernel: [7305221.193491] ata1.00: error: { UNC } Nov 23 02:05:35 h2 kernel: [7305221.388404] ata1.00: configured for UDMA/133 Nov 23 02:05:38 h2 kernel: [7305224.426316] ata1.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x1 SErr 0x0 action 0x0 Nov 23 02:05:38 h2 kernel: [7305224.426343] ata1.00: irq_stat 0x40000008 Nov 23 02:05:38 h2 kernel: [7305224.426363] ata1.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED Nov 23 02:05:38 h2 kernel: [7305224.426387] ata1.00: cmd 60/08:00:d8:df:da/00:00:3a:00:00/40 tag 0 ncq 4096 in Nov 23 02:05:38 h2 kernel: [7305224.426388] res 41/40:08:d8:df:da/00:00:3a:00:00/00 Emask 0x409 (media error) <F> Nov 23 02:05:38 h2 kernel: [7305224.426459] ata1.00: status: { DRDY ERR } Nov 23 02:05:38 h2 kernel: [7305224.426478] ata1.00: error: { UNC } Nov 23 02:05:38 h2 kernel: [7305224.498133] ata1.00: configured for UDMA/133 Nov 23 02:05:41 h2 kernel: [7305227.400583] ata1.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x1 SErr 0x0 action 0x0 Nov 23 02:05:41 h2 kernel: [7305227.400608] ata1.00: irq_stat 0x40000008 Nov 23 02:05:41 h2 kernel: [7305227.400627] ata1.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED Nov 23 02:05:41 h2 kernel: [7305227.400649] ata1.00: cmd 60/08:00:d8:df:da/00:00:3a:00:00/40 tag 0 ncq 4096 in Nov 23 02:05:41 h2 kernel: [7305227.400650] res 41/40:08:d8:df:da/00:00:3a:00:00/00 Emask 0x409 (media error) <F> Nov 23 02:05:41 h2 kernel: [7305227.400716] ata1.00: status: { DRDY ERR } Nov 23 02:05:41 h2 kernel: [7305227.400734] ata1.00: error: { UNC } Nov 23 02:05:41 h2 kernel: [7305227.472432] ata1.00: configured for UDMA/133 From what I read so far, I am not sure if read errors mean that a hard drive is dying on me (no write errors so far). I've had hard drive errors in the past and those always had errors about failing to write to specific sectors in the logs. Not this time. Should I be replacing the drive? Could something else be causing the problem? I've scheduled a smartctl -t long test that will finish in a couple of hours. I hope this will give me some more info.

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• Robocopy silently missing files

  - by John Hunt

  I'm using Robocopy to sync data from our server's hard disk to an external disk as a backup. It's a pretty simple solution but pretty much the best/easiest one we could come up with - we use two external disks and rotate them offsite. Anyway, here's the script (with the comments taken out) that I'm using to do it. It works very well, it's quick and almost 100% complete - however it's acting pretty strange with a few files (note company name has been changed in paths to protect the innocent): @ECHO OFF set DATESTAMP=%DATE:~10,4%/%DATE:~4,2%/%DATE:~7,2% %TIME:~0,2%:%TIME:~3,2%:%TIME:~6,2% SET prefix="E:\backup_log-" SET source_dir="M:\Company Names Data\Working Folder\_ADMIN_BACKUP_FILES\COMPA AANY Business Folder_Backup_040407\COMPANY_sales order register\BACKUP CLIENT FOLDERS & CURRENT JOBS pre 270404\CLIENT SALES ORDER REGISTER" SET dest_dir="E:\dest" SET log_fname=%prefix%%date:~-4,4%%date:~-10,2%%date:~-7,2%.log SET what_to_copy=/COPY:DAT /MIR SET options=/R:0 /W:0 /LOG+:%log_fname% /NFL /NDL ROBOCOPY %source_dir% %dest_dir% %what_to_copy% %options% set DATESTAMP=%DATE:~10,4%/%DATE:~4,2%/%DATE:~7,2% %TIME:~0,2%:%TIME:~3,2%:%TIME:~6,2% cscript msg.vbs "Backup completed at %DATESTAMP% - Logs can be found on the E: drive." :END Normally the source would just be M:\Comapany name data\ but I altered the script a bit to test the problem. The following files in the source are not copied to the dest: Someclient\SONICP~1.DOC Someclient\SONICP~2.DOC Someclient\SONICP~3.DOC However, files in the same directory named: TIMESH~1.XLS TIMESH~2.XLS are copied. I'm able to open the files that aren't copied with no trouble at all, and they certainly weren't opened when I ran robocopy so it's not a locking issue. Robocopy is running as administrator so it's not a permissions issue. There's no trace these files were even attempted to be copied as there are no errors being output in the log or in my command prompt. Does anyone have any suggestions as to what this might be? Busted hard disk? Cheers, John.

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• How can I mount dd image of a partition?

  - by Puneet Arora

  I created a dd image of a partition (containing an HFS+ FS) of one of my disks (and not the entire disk) a few days ago using the following command - dd conv=sync,noerror bs=8k if=/dev/sdc2 of=/path/to/img How can I mount it? I tried the following but it doesn't work - mount -o loop,ro -t hfsplus /path/to/img /path/to/mntDir It gives me mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/loop1, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so and dmesg | tail gives me - [5248455.568479] hfs: invalid secondary volume header [5248455.568494] hfs: unable to find HFS+ superblock [5248462.674836] hfs: invalid secondary volume header [5248462.674843] hfs: unable to find HFS+ superblock [5248550.672105] hfs: invalid secondary volume header [5248550.672115] hfs: unable to find HFS+ superblock [5248993.612026] hfs: unable to find HFS+ superblock [5248998.103385] hfs: unable to find HFS+ superblock [5249031.441359] hfs: unable to find HFS+ superblock [5249036.274864] hfs: unable to find HFS+ superblock Is there something wrong that I am doing? I tried searching on how to do this but all the results I get only talk about mounting a partition from within a full disk image, using the offset option with mount - none talk about the case where the image itself is that of a partition. Thanks. PS: I'm running 64bit Arch Linux, and the partition from the original disk /dev/sdc2 mounts fine.

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• ExpressCache not working after Windows 8 reinstall on Samsung Series 7 Gamer

  - by Morven

  I have a Samsung Series 7 Gamer laptop which came with Windows 8. After doing a reinstall of Windows, the ExpressCache software is no longer caching. Running "eccmd -info" shows me that the software is present and it has the MSATA drive partition configured. However, it's not actually caching anything. These are the results after having the system booted for days: C:\windows\system32eccmd -info ExpressCache Command Version 1.0.94.0 Copyright¬ 2010-2012 Condusiv Technologies. Date Time: 11/3/2013 12:26:20:263 (JAMETHIEL #36) EC Cache Info ================================================== Mounted : Yes Partition Size : 7.46 GB Reserved Size : 3.00 MB Volume Size : 7.46 GB Total Used Size : 86.50 MB Total Free Space : 7.38 GB Used Data Size : 16.63 MB Used Data Size on Disk : 84.38 MB Tiered Cache Stats ================================================== Memory in use : 32.00 MB Blocks in use : 136 Read Percent : 0.02% Cache Stats ================================================== Cache Volume Drive Number : 1 Total Read Count : 97242 Total Read Size : 4.13 GB Total Cache Read Count : 0 Total Cache Read Size : 595.50 KB Total Write Count : 161546 Total Write Size : 5.89 GB Total Cache Write Count : 0 Total Cache Write Size : 0 Bytes Cache Read Percent : 0.01% Cache Write Percent : 0.00% As you can see on the last two lines, cache read and write percent is nigh on zero. Anyone know where to look next? The only guides I can find deal with ExpressCache not being present or not having a configured drive.

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• diskmgmt.msc: Cannot delete volume from USB

  - by Notinlist

  I have an USB drive with about 8GB of size. It has a single partition of size 169MB. Don't know why, I got it that way. I wanted to delete this small (FAT32) partition and create a single NTFS volume on it. First, I noticed that the "Delete volumme" option is disabled (grayed out). I then tried "Change drive letter and paths..." and removed "F:", that way I made sure that there are no open files on it. The "Delete volume" was still disabled. Then I got suspicious, and right clicked on the "Unallocated" area and I noticed that I did not have any useful option. All "New * volume" items are disabled. I exited from diskmgmt.msc, ran a cmd.exe with administrator privileges, ran the diskmgmt.msc from it, same experiences. Why can't i do anything with this disk? I've read some advices about downloading some alternative free software, but I rather not do it if possible. I still hope that Windows 7 Enterprise 64bit alone can reinitialize an USB drive without external help. I also cannot do anything with my other 8GB pendrive. It's all an NTFS volume, I tried to delete it, but the option is disabled here too. Maybe I have some settings somewhere that prevents my from partitioning USB disks. (I have the freedom to remove my D: partition which is the second - not counding the "System reserved" - on my SSD disk.)

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• Alienware Aurora R2 Slow Boot Up

  - by James R

  I have an Aurora R2 bought a few years ago, and recently I decided a RAM update and new Samsung SSD would be good for speed. So now it's super fast, with the exception of booting up. It still takes good 2 minutes to get past the first splash screen on the BIOS, it's only the BIOS, after that it's like lightning. I've Googled the issue, and the usual problem is the BIOS trying to boot from anything it can, with the fix being to change the boot menu. However I've changed it now, and it's still slow. When I disconnect the USB devices it speeds up, but I can't do that every time I want to boot the PC up! The only other option I can think of is upgrading the BIOS, however it seems that A04 is the recommended on for Aurora R2s, so I don't know if upgrading the BIOS could cause issues, especially not if it doesn't solve the issue. Also, when I disable my original hard drive in the boot menu, the PC won't boot up. Despite the Samsung one being fine to boot from, and the original not being needed as far as I know for starting Windows, it gives me an error message and makes me restart the PC, with a new boot configuration (with the original drive as second choice). Any ideas on how to make the BIOS boot faster? And why I need to have my original drive in the boot menu?

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• Aging SBS needs updates / Thoughts for one-off, off-line complete backup?

  - by tcv

  Hey guys, So, we checked out the status of an SBS 2003 at one of our more recent, spend-averse clients and found it to be woefully out-of-date. Scary out of date. I think it's running IE2. Ok, maybe not that far back. Anyway, I was thinking that I could use some kind of disk-imaging software to image the four IDE drives within and, in the event the server gets some kind of Update Induced Indigestion, I could completely restore. Usually my go-to software for this is Acronis, but my client will likely balk at a $500 price tag for a one-off backup with their server product. I had thought we could use the boot media from, say, Backup & Recovery 10 to take an off-line image of all the drives. According to their CHAT tech support, however, it will not work. I pressed for the technical reasons and they said they'd email me. They haven't emailed me. They still might. This server is running SBS 2003, pre sp2. It's got four IDE disks. One is a Basic disk, which contains the O/S. The others are bound as a dynamic disk. You might ask: "Don't they already have backup software?" They do! Backup Exec, a very low-end version that won't even do VSS. I don't know much about BE, but it seems to me that if the worst were to happen, it would mean building a new server O/S, installing BE (if the media is available), then restoring. Would it even work? I can take the system down for hours to do a backup and my goal here is a pretty dead-simple restore if the worst happens. Any and all suggestions are exciting. m

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• BIOS and Windows cannot detect CDROM device

  - by eman

  Hello! I have a HL-DT-ST RW/DVD GCC-4521B dvdrom device and a big problem. Some days ago everything worked fine. A friend installed some software and then the drives in winxp has been marked as corrupt. I uninstalled the software, but still corrupt drives. The next step I have done was running the current software GCC-4521B101(E).exe. When I ran this software again, the drives was automatically updated, but still marked as corrupt (in the Device Manager), even if I did a reboot. And then the big mistake: once more I tried to run this software, but during the update process, the machine restarted and boom! The DVDROM device doesn't work anymore. The led doesn't blink and if I push the eject button, nothing happens. Also bios and winxp doesn't recognize the optical drive. Then I plugged an other optical drive and it worked, but my old drive seems to be dead. So, what happened and how to solve this problem? Please help. Regards!

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• Where do vendors publish internal transfer rates of HDDs?

  - by red888

  So I've started to dig into storage fundamentals and found that in order to calculate the IOPS of a HDD you need to know the internal transfer rate of the drive (time it takes data to move from the platters to internal disk's cache). I went on newegg and even a few vendor sites and could not find this info published for any HDDs. Is it sometimes called something else? Take this link to a seagate HDD for instance. Nowhere do I see "internal transfer rate", but I do see something called "Sustained Data Rate OD"- is that the same thing? Just so you know where I'm getting this info (Book: "Information Storage and Management Storing, Managing..."): Consider an example with the following specifications provided for a disk: The average seek time is 5 ms in a random I/O environment; therefore, T = 5 ms. Disk rotation speed of 15,000 revolutions per minute or 250 revolutions per second — from which rotational latency (L) can be determined, which is one-half of the time taken for a full rotation or L = (0.5/250 rps expressed in ms). 40 MB/s internal data transfer rate, from which the internal transfer time (X) is derived based on the block size of the I/O — for example, an I/O with a block size of 32 KB; therefore X = 32 KB/40 MB. Consequently, the time taken by the I/O controller to serve an I/O of block size 32 KB is (TS) = 5 ms + (0.5/250) + 32 KB/40 MB = 7.8 ms. Therefore, the maximum number of I/Os serviced per second or IOPS is (1/TS) = 1/(7.8 × 10^-3) = 128 IOPS.

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• How to get data from a borked Windows Home Server

  - by harhoo

  Yesterday we had a power surge, followed by a power outage. This left my WHS borked: powering on just gives to a flashing blue light (the led on the power supply also flashes green) - no fan or boot activity, nothing. I urgently needed some files off there in the short term (and the 500GB of photos, music, personal video etc in the long term) so I took the hard drive out and put it in my computer. The files and folders showed up, but I couldn't access them - clicking on an image gave an invalid image error in Picasa, I couldn't play MP3s etc. I changed the ownership and permissions of the files, still nothing. I booted in with a LiveCD, the same: files appear, but won't open. Is there anything else I can do? I'm now wondering if it was just the power cable that's broken, but if so, why can;t I access my files from the hard drive? If it is the power cable, and I replace that and the hard drive, will I have done any harm messing around with ownership and file permissions?

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• Caching/preloading files on Linux into RAM

  - by Andrioid

  I have a rather old server that has 4GB of RAM and it is pretty much serving the same files all day, but it is doing so from the hard drive while 3GBs of RAM are "free". Anyone who has ever tried running a ram-drive can witness that It's awesome in terms of speed. The memory usage of this system is usually never higher than 1GB/4GB so I want to know if there is a way to use that extra memory for something good. Is it possible to tell the filesystem to always serve certain files out of RAM? Are there any other methods I can use to improve file reading capabilities by use of RAM? More specifically, I am not looking for a 'hack' here. I want file system calls to serve the files from RAM without needing to create a ram-drive and copy the files there manually. Or at least a script that does this for me. Possible applications here are: Web servers with static files that get read alot Application servers with large libraries Desktop computers with too much RAM Any ideas? Edit: Found this very informative: The Linux Page Cache and pdflush As Zan pointed out, the memory isn't actually free. What I mean is that it's not being used by applications and I want to control what should be cached in memory.

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• SSD suddenly full

  - by Daniel

  Today the hard drive of our server was suddenly full. The disk usage always stayed around 50 % in the weeks and months before (old data is regularly expunged from the server). I deleted 10 GB of files in /tmp, which strangely freed 51 GB. Here is what I did: root@***:~# df -h Dateisystem Size Used Avail Use% Eingehängt auf /dev/sda3 139G 137G 0 100% / tmpfs 3,9G 0 3,9G 0% /lib/init/rw udev 3,9G 116K 3,9G 1% /dev tmpfs 3,9G 0 3,9G 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 985M 25M 910M 3% /boot root@***:/var# du -hs * 3,3M backups 438M cache 9,4G lib 4,0K local 12K lock 76M log 24K mail 4,0K opt 88K run 184K spool 10G tmp 12K www root@***:/var/tmp# find -type f -print0 | xargs -0 rm root@***:/var/tmp# df -h Dateisystem Size Used Avail Use% Eingehängt auf /dev/sda3 139G 81G 51G 62% / tmpfs 3,9G 0 3,9G 0% /lib/init/rw udev 3,9G 116K 3,9G 1% /dev tmpfs 3,9G 0 3,9G 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 985M 25M 910M 3% /boot Any explanation as to why deleting 10 GB in /tmp gave me back 51 GB on the disk? Could this point to an SSD failure? Are there any tools for Debian to test SSD health? I already have checked syslog. The first entry relating to this incidient is a mysql message: 1:22:02 [ERROR] /usr/sbin/mysqld: Disk is full writing... So I have absolutely no idea what caused this.

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• Can a USB/IDE/SATA adapter be flaky?

  - by Ward

  I use USB/IDE/SATA converters a lot and on the two that I have now, I sometimes get errors copying files to drives. It only happens when I'm copying big files to the drive (big can mean as little as 100MB, I think it happens more often with bigger files - 300MB or more), and basically the copy will fail and I'll get one or more error messages about "Delayed write failed." But if I disconnect the drive and re-connect it, I'll usually be able to continue. (The file that was being copied will be corrupt, but otherwise the drive is fine.) I just noticed a new type of flakiness: the data transfer rate can vary widely. I copied one set of files (5x300MB files) and it took 10+minutes, then I copied another set (approx. the same sizes) and it took less than a minute. I haven't done systematic testing, the other things I'm doing on my laptop at the same time might have some impact, and I haven't cross-checked the two adapters I have and the 3 hard drives I'm working with to see if there's a pattern. I'm more wondering if anyone else has seen anything like this.

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• External HDD incorrectly detected as internal - how change to enable hot swap/eject?

  - by Sam

  I have win 7 x64 Home Prem. The HDD is a seagate barracuda, 7200.7 ST3120827AS. 3.5", Serial: 3ms006n6, Firmware: 3.42 (no further updates) NexStar CX External case (drivers installed). I have three drives: WD320 with OS installed WD750 data storage (internal) seagate 120 (external) - connected via esata board connected to sata on motherboard (MSI p43 neo) Tried uninstalling HDD in device manager to no effect. Also the internal WD750 is detected as an external drive and win taskbar icon allows for it to be ejected (unlike the seagate). All drives are configured - Online, Simple, Basic, NTFS, Active, Primary Partition (except c drive). The seagate was previously used as a primary disk with XP operating system so I deleted the volume and created/reformatted (not quick). HDD is no longer "Active". But did not fix problem. Background Originally, I installed win 7 with the bios set to IDE and forgot to install the chipset drivers. Then I changed win 7 to install the AHCI drivers, changed the bios to AHCI and rebooted. Win 7 loaded drivers but WD HDD gave problems/crashed. I installed chipset drivers and latest intell storage matrix software thingie (in safe mode). Everything worked fine after that except for the problem of not corrrectly detecting the external drive] I have noticed that under the driver properties (and similarly in the registry) the two drives are configured differently (e.g. in driver details property capabilities for the WD the value is set to 0000006, CM_DEVCAP_REMOVABLE & EJECTSUPPORTED - whereas the seagate shows 0000080 & CM_DEVCAP_SURPRISEREMOVALOK). Any easy way to configure things? I tried physically swapping the sata connections on the mainboard without success So far I have found that a solution to my problem might be to perform some reg changes: How do I remove the option to eject SATA drives from the Windows 7 tray icon?

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• Troubles Installing Windows 7 via USB. Flat install?

  - by Brian

  Hi friends, I've been struggling with this for a while. Windows 7 64-bit Enterprise edition just will not install on my Shuttle K45 system via a USB key. It hangs out during the install while copying files or while creating the partitions. The system is pretty standard and low-tech: IDE hard drives, no CD, 2G RAM. I am not sure what of the problem. Other than the Shuttle, I have a Apple MacBook Pro. On the MPB, I am running OS X, and Mint Linux and Window XP over Parallels. I have an ISO of Win7 that works (I installed it as a Parallels VM to make sure). I have used UltraISO and MS Windows 7 USB/DVD Download Tool to write it to the 8G USB key. Both seem to copy all the files correctly (with UltraISO, I asked it to verify). It boots via USB and the install looks just fine. Until it hangs, most of the time with a copying error of 0x80070241. So now I am trying to figure out if there are other ways I can install Windows 7 on this Shuttle system that has no CD drive. I've heard about a flat installation, however those all seem to be doing something from within Windows. I do have access to a command prompt from the Windows 7 install. Does anyone know if/how I can prep the Shuttle hard drive with Windows 7 installation and have Windows 7 install from the hard disk. I do not have an external enclosure for the IDE HD and I do not have any other system I can hook up to the hard drives. I do have an external Maxtor OneTouch drive available.

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• In Windows 7 power management, is it possible to set different sleep settings for different SATA disks?

  - by Ben Voigt

  I'm having an issue with Windows 7 either freezing up or generating a BSOD coming out of sleep. I suspect that it is related to my boot/OS drive, an OCZ Vertex SE SSD, because numerous other Vertex users have reported sleep problems. Notably, if I put the computer to sleep, it almost always wakes correctly. If it goes to sleep after a timeout, it almost always BSODs. I disabled timed sleep and now it freezes when left unattended. My next step is to disable "Put hard disks to sleep after X minutes", but I'd like to change this setting only for the SSD and not for the rotating data disks, which I would like to spin down normally. Does anyone know a place to configure sleep on a per-disk basis? I don't need to set different timeouts on different disks (although that would be nice), simply setting "this disk sleeps" and "sleep is disabled for this disk" would be great. Additional system information: Windows 7 Ultimate x64, Core i5 - P55 chipset, Intel RST drivers are installed. One SSD, two rotating HDD, and a DVD-RW drive are all connected to the Intel SATA ports. I could potentially move some of these to my motherboard's other SATA controller if that would help.

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• Computer not finding hard drives on boot -sometimes-

  - by todd.pund

  Computer specs: Mobo: Gigabyte ultradurable 3 - GA-970A-UD3 Processor: First gen I7 3.2GHZ Ram: 8GB Kingston DDR3 1066 Video Card: EVGA NVidia GTX 460 1GB Hard Drive: 500MB 7200rpm x2 (can't remember brand, sorry I'm at work.) Last week my developer preview for Windows 8 ran out so I put my copy of windows 7 back on the computer. The computer at that point started suffering from frequent freezing and crashing. When I rebooted the computer sometimes it wouldn't find the system HD at all. When I looked at the post screen it seemed to show that it wasn't finding either of the HDs. Then yesterday when turning on the computer I just got GRUB as a message (not a GRUB prompt, just GRUB) I haven't had a dual boot of Linux for at least a year. I loaded windows 7 recovery console from the disk and ran: bootrec /fixboot bootrec /fixmbr Which did not help. At that point I just installed Ubuntu 13.04 over the windows 7 install and still received the GRUB post. I went into the BIOS and switched the Hard Drive priorities and then it loaded into Ubuntu fine. For several days everything was just hunky dory until I installed the Ubuntu version of Steam, install Portal and tried to run it. At that point the computer froze and after hard rebooting couldn't find the hard disks again. Then after restarting the system it loaded up fine again and no issues since. (I have not tried to launch portal again). My next thought is to remove the system hard drive and try to use the secondary as the master to see if the primary HD is bad. I'm sorry if this has been confusing, I'll answer any questions I can. Any thoughts?

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• Boot stuck at blinking cursor before GRUB - only works via BIOS boot menu

  - by delta1

  I have a new box running Debian Squeeze. Grub is installed on /dev/sda, but when booting up I just get a blinking cursor, before the Grub menu. I can only boot to grub successfully when I choose boot options (during post) and select that specific drive! I have made sure the correct drive is set to boot first in the BIOS. So Grub works, but the system won't boot to that drive automatically? Any ideas on what could cause this? Drives sda/b/c are all 2TB (sda runs the system with b/c as raid device md0) with the following partitions: $ cat /proc/partitions major minor #blocks name 8 0 1953514584 sda 8 1 977 sda1 8 2 9765625 sda2 8 3 6445313 sda3 8 4 1937302627 sda4 8 32 1953514584 sdc 8 16 1953514584 sdb 9 0 1953513424 md0 but # fdisk -l /dev/sda gives WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sda'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted. Disk /dev/sda: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 243202 1953514583+ ee GPT Any insight into this strange behaviour would be greatly appreciated.

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• mdadm: Replacing array with entirely new drives

  - by hellfur

  I have a server with three 500GB drives, with most of my data in a RAID5 configuration spanning the three of them. I just purchased and installed four 1TB drives, and the intention is to move off of the old drives and onto the new ones. I have enough SATA ports and power connectors to power all seven of my drives at once, so I've kept the old RAID running while I figure out what to do with the new drives. My question is: Should I create a whole new array on the 1TB drives, then move everything over and reconfigure linux to boot from the new md arrays? Or should I just expand the array, swapping out each of the three 500GBs with the 1TB, then adding the final drive? I've read up on the mdadm extending drive setup, and it makes sense, but I imagine I would use one of the drives as a full backup while I move things over, then add that drive back into the array once things are up and running on three of the 1TB drives, so there's some complication in going that route as well... I'm just not sure which is safer/recommended.

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• How can I extract data from Toshiba Satellite with a dead Windows installation?

  - by msanford

  I've got a Toshiba Satellite (unknown model number but bought early 2010) running Windows Vista which throws a kernel error on boot. We don't have the restore/recovery CD any more to restore the Windows partition. I have managed to boot to a Live CD version of Ubuntu 10.10 and have mounted the internal hard drive (which takes nearly 8 minutes). I suspect that the hard drive is malfunctioning, however, because copy tasks of even 30 megs of data to an attached and mounted USB flash drive takes over an hour, and some files are mysteriously inaccessible (not a permissions issue). When browsing folders, it takes many minutes to populate the folder window even with a single tiny file. During the copy tasks, the hard disk sounds like it tries to sleep several times in rapid succession, then continues accessing, it sounds, at full throughput. I initially tried using scp (from the shell) to copy data but I encountered the same local problems. I don't know the S.M.A.R.T. status of the hard disk, either. Is there a more effective way of going about recovering the data on the internal disk, assuming that I can't use a recovery CD and am too cheap to bring it in (for now, at least)?

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• Corsair SSD appears completely blank and does not retain written data

  - by ebanders

  I have a 180GB Corsair SSD (model# CSSD-F180GB2-BRKT) as the primary drive in a Windows laptop. Recently the machine became unbootable after installing Windows updates. Windows installed updates before the machine shut down and the next time the machine boot up it complained about not being able to find a bootable device. After finding fixmbr unsuccessful at making the machine unbootable, I investigated a little within knoppix. Fdisk revealed an empty partition table. A scan by Testdisk came up empty. And finally 'head -c 1024 | hd' reveals all zeros. Creating a primary partition spanning the whole disk completes successfully, but after a reboot the disk appears empty again. dmesg reveals no read or write errors. smartctl indicates that the drive is healthy- although the SMART attribute values do not appear to be read properly. "Data Page | WARNING: PREVIOUS ATTRIBUTE HAS TWO" and "Threshold Page | INCONSISTENT IDENTITIES IN THE DATA" messages appear within the table of values. I don't have much experience with SSDs. Is this drive dead or something? Can anyone recommend any diagnostic tools that may be suited for diagnosing SSDs?

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