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  • Perl, treat string as binary byte array

    - by Mike
    In Perl, is it appropriate to use a string as a byte array containing 8-bit data? All the documentation I can find on this subject focuses on 7-bit strings. For instance, if I read some data from a binary file into $data my $data; open FILE, "<", $filepath; binmode FILE; read FILE $data 1024; and I want to get the first byte out, is substr($data,1,1) appropriate? (again, assuming it is 8-bit data) I come from a mostly C background, and I am used to passing a char pointer to a read() function. My problem might be that I don't understand what the underlying representation of a string is in Perl.

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  • Any ideas for developing a Risc Processor friendly string allocator?

    - by Richard Fabian
    I'm working on some tools to enable high throughput data-oriented development, and one thing that I've not got an immediate answer for is how you go about allocating strings quickly. On risc processors you've got another problem of implementation that the CPU doesn't like branching, which is what I'm trying to minimise or avoid. Also, cache coherence is important on most CPUs, so that's gotta be influential in the design too. So, how would you go about reducing the overhead for a generic string allocator? Sometimes it's easier to solve a more explicit problem, so any ideas for string sizes of 5-30?

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  • Why is this c++ string concatenation missing a space?

    - by danutenshu
    I am working with c++ strings, and am a beginner at programming. I am expecting: 99 Red Balloons But I am receiving: 99 RedBalloons Why is that? #include <string> #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { string text = "9"; string term( "9 "); string info = "Toys"; string color; char hue[4] = {'R','e','d','\0'}; color = hue; info = "Balloons"; text += (term + color + info); cout << endl << text << endl; return 0; }

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  • String vectors not working as expected with newline and iterators? (C++)

    - by kevin
    I have a text file made of 3 lines: Line 1 Line 3 (Line 1, a blank line, and Line 3) vector<string> text; vector<string>::iterator it; ifstream file("test.txt"); string str; while (getline(file, str)) { if (str.length() == 0) str = "\n"; // since getline discards the newline character, replacing blank strings with newline text.push_back(str); } // while for (it=text.begin(); it < text.end(); it++) cout << (*it); Prints out: Line 1 Line 3 I'm not sure why the string with only a newline was not printed out. Any help would be appreciated. Thanks.

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  • how to add values in array

    - by nhoyti
    hi guys, i just want to ask help again. I've created a method to read values in gridview, i was able to get and read values from the gridview. The problem now, is how can i store the values inside an array and i want it to pass on the other page. here's the code i've created private void getrowvalues() { string combinedvalues; foreach (GridViewRow row in gvOrderProducts.Rows) { string prodname = ((Label)row.FindControl("lblProductName")).Text; string txtvalues = ((TextBox)row.FindControl("txtQuantity")).Text; combinedvalues = prodname + "|" + txtvalues; } } i want the result string combinedvalues to be put in an array or collection of strings which i can be access in other page. Is there a way to do it? Any inputs will be greatly appreciated. thanks!!

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  • PHP Extract Values From One String Based on a Pattern Defined in Another

    - by ironkeith
    I have two strings: $first = '/this/is/a/string'; $second = '/this/:param1/a/:param2'; And I'm trying to get this: $params = array('param1' => 'is', 'param2' => 'string'); But getting from point a to b is proving more than my tired brain can handle at the moment. Anything starting with a ':' in the second string defines a variable name/position. There can be any number of variables in $second which need to be extracted from $first. Segments are separated by a '/'. Thanks.

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  • C++: Why does space always terminate a string when read?

    - by Nullw0rm
    Using type std::string to accept a sentence, for practise (I haven't worked with strings in C++ much) I'm checking if a character is a vowel or not. I got this: for(i = 0; i <= analyse.length(); i++) { if(analyse[i] == 'a' || analyse[i] == 'e' [..etc..]) { ...vowels++; } else { ... ...consenents++; } This works fine if the string is all one word, but the second I add a space (IE: aeio aatest) it will only count the first block and count the space as a consenent, and quit reading the sentence (exiting the for loop or something). Does a space count as no character == null? Or some oddity with std::string?, It would be helpful to know why that is happening!

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  • Replace in place, parsing & string manipulation.

    - by Mark Tomlin
    I'm trying to replace a set of characters within a string. The string may or may not have any data to change. The string is marked up in a way that allows for it to change it's color from a set of characters. The string can reset it's it's formatting to default by using a defined set of characters. This setup is very much like the ECMA-48 standard used on LINUX consoles for colors and other special effects. Where one string could be ^0Black^1Red^2Green^3Yellow^4Blue^5Purple^6Cyan^7White Producing the following HTML: <span style="color: #000">Black</span><span style="color: #F00">Red</span><span style="color: #0F0">Green</span><span style="color: #FF0">Yellow</span><span style="color: #00F">Blue</span><span style="color: #F0F">Purple</span><span style="color: #0FF">Cyan</span><span style="color: #FFF">White</span> Another string (^1Error^8: ^3User Error) could also produce: <span style="color: #F00">Error</span>: <span style="color: #FF0">User Error</span> You might of noticed the ^8 part of that string resets the color for that part of the string. What's the best way to go about parsing these kinds of strings?

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  • Javascript string replace with calculations

    - by Chris
    Is there a way to resolve mathematical expressions in strings in javascript? For example, suppose I want to produce the string "Tom has 2 apples, Lucy has 3 apples. Together they have 5 apples" but I want to be able to substitute in the variables. I can do this with a string replacement: string = "Tom has X apples, Lucy has Y apples. Together they have Z apples"; string2 = string.replace(/X/, '2').replace(/Y/, '3').replace(/Z/, '5'); However, it would be better if, instead of having a variable Z, I could use X+Y. Now, I could also do a string replace for X+Y and replace it with the correct value, but that would become messy when trying to deal with all the possible in-string calculations I might want to do. I suppose I'm looking for a way to achieve this: string = "Something [X], something [Y]. Something [(X+Y^2)/5X]"; And for the [_] parts to be understood as expressions to be resolved before substituting back into the string. Thanks for your help.

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  • Address String Split in javscript

    - by Arasoi
    Ok folks I have bombed around for a few days trying to find a good solution for this one. What I have is two possible address formats. 28 Main St Somecity, NY 12345-6789 or Main St Somecity, Ny 12345-6789 What I need to do Is split both strings down into an array structured as such address[0] = HousNumber address[1] = Street address[2] = City address[3] = State address[4] = ZipCode My major problem is how to account for the lack of a house number. with out having the whole array shift the data up one. address[0] = Street address[1] = City address[2] = State address[3] = ZipCode [Edit] For those that are wondering this is what i am doing atm . (cleaner version) place = response.Placemark[0]; point = new GLatLng(place.Point.coordinates[1],place.Point.coordinates[0]); FCmap.setCenter(point,12); var a = place.address.split(','); var e = a[2].split(" "); var x = a[0].split(" "); var hn = x.filter(function(item,index){ return index == 0; }); var st = x.filter(function(item,index){ return index != 0; }); var street = ''; st.each(function(item,index){street += item + ' ';}); results[0] = new Hash({ FullAddie: place.address, HouseNum: hn[0], Dir: '', Street: street, City: a[1], State: e[1], ZipCode: e[2], GPoint: new GMarker(point), Lat: place.Point.coordinates[1], Lng: place.Point.coordinates[0] }); // End Address Splitting

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  • Delphi - Clean TListBox Items

    - by Brad
    I want to clean a list box by checking it against two other list boxes. Listbox1 would have the big list of items Listbox2 would have words I want removed from listbox1 Listbox3 would have mandatory words that have to exist for it to remain in listbox1 Below is the code I've got so far for this, it's VERY slow with large lists. // not very efficient Function checknegative ( instring : String; ListBox : TListBox ) : Boolean; Var i : Integer; Begin For I := listbox.Items.Count - 1 Downto 0 Do Begin If ExistWordInString ( instring, listbox.Items.Strings [i], [soWholeWord, soDown] ) = True Then Begin result := True; //True if in list, False if not. break; End Else Begin result := False; End; End; result:=false; End; Function ExistWordInString ( aString, aSearchString : String; aSearchOptions : TStringSearchOptions ) : Boolean; Var Size : Integer; Begin Size := Length ( aString ); If SearchBuf ( Pchar ( aString ), Size, 0, 0, aSearchString, aSearchOptions ) <> Nil Then Begin result := True; End Else Begin result := False; End; End;

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  • MySql ODBC connection in VB6 on WinXP VERY slow. Other machines on same network are fast.

    - by Matthew
    Hi All, I have a VB6 application that has been performing very well. Recently, we upgraded our server to a Windows 2003 server. Migration of the databases and shares went well and we experienced no problems. Except one. And it has happened at multiple sites. I use the MySQL ODBC 5.1 connector to point to my MySQL database. On identical machines (as far as I can tell, they are client machines not ours), access to the DB is lightning fast on all but one computer. They use the same software and have the same connection strings. And I'm sure it's not the program, but the ODBC connection. When I press the 'Test Connection' button in the ODBC connection string window, it can take up to 10 seconds on the poorly performing machine to respond with a success. All the other computers are instantaneous. I have tried using ip address versus the machine name in the UDL, no change. I enabled option 256, which sped it up initially, but it's slow again. Most of the time on a restart the program will be fast for an hour or so then go slow again with the option 256 enabled. Frankly, I am out of ideas and willing to entertain any and all ideas or suggestions. This is getting pretty frustrating. Anyone ever experience anything like this?

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  • Problem with File IO and splitting strings with Environment.NewLine in VB.Net

    - by Senthil
    Hi, I was experimenting with basic VB.Net file read/write and encountered this problem. I don't know whether it has something to do with the File IO or the String splitting. I am writing text to a file like so Dim sWriter As New StreamWriter("Data.txt") sWriter.WriteLine("FirstItem") sWriter.WriteLine("SecondItem") sWriter.WriteLine("ThirdItem") sWriter.Close() Then, I am reading the text from the file Dim sReader As New StreamReader("Data.txt") Dim fileContents As String = sReader.ReadToEnd() sReader.Close() Now, I am splitting the fileContents variable using Environment.NewLine and saving the returned String array. Dim tempStr() As String = fileContents.Split(Environment.NewLine) When I print the array, I get some weird results For Each str As String In tempStr Console.WriteLine("*" + str + "*") Next I added the *'s to the beginning and end to find out what is going on. Since NewLine is used as the delimiter, I expect the strings in the array to NOT have any NewLine's. But the output was this - *FirstItem* * SecondItem* * ThirdItem* * * Shouldn't it be this - *FirstItem* *SecondItem* *ThirdItem* ?? Since I am using WriteLine, my guess is a new line is added after the last string and hence the last empty item in the array after splitting. But why is there a new line in the beginning of the second and third strings?

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  • Enumerating all strings in resx

    - by Erik Hesselink
    We would like to enumerate all strings in a resource file in .NET (resx file). We want this to generate a javascript object containing all these key-value pairs. We do this now for satellite assemblies with code like this (this is VB.NET, but any example code is fine): Dim rm As ResourceManager rm = New ResourceManager([resource name], [your assembly]) Dim Rs As ResourceSet Rs = rm.GetResourceSet(Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture, True, True) For Each Kvp As DictionaryEntry In Rs [Write out Kvp.Key and Kvp.Value] Next However, we haven't found a way to do this for .resx files yet, sadly. How can we enumerate all localization strings in a resx file? UPDATE: Following Dennis Myren's comment and the ideas from here, I built a ResXResourceManager. Now I can do the same with .resx files as I did with the embedded resources. Here is the code. Note that Microsoft made a needed constructor private, so I use reflection to access it. You need full trust when using this. Imports System.Globalization Imports System.Reflection Imports System.Resources Imports System.Windows.Forms Public Class ResXResourceManager Inherits ResourceManager Public Sub New(ByVal BaseName As String, ByVal ResourceDir As String) Me.New(BaseName, ResourceDir, GetType(ResXResourceSet)) End Sub Protected Sub New(ByVal BaseName As String, ByVal ResourceDir As String, ByVal UsingResourceSet As Type) Dim BaseType As Type = Me.GetType().BaseType Dim Flags As BindingFlags = BindingFlags.NonPublic Or BindingFlags.Instance Dim Constructor As ConstructorInfo = BaseType.GetConstructor(Flags, Nothing, New Type() { GetType(String), GetType(String), GetType(Type) }, Nothing) Constructor.Invoke(Me, Flags, Nothing, New Object() { BaseName, ResourceDir, UsingResourceSet }, Nothing) End Sub Protected Overrides Function GetResourceFileName(ByVal culture As CultureInfo) As String Dim FileName As String FileName = MyBase.GetResourceFileName(culture) If FileName IsNot Nothing AndAlso FileName.Length > 10 Then Return FileName.Substring(0, FileName.Length - 10) & ".resx" End If Return Nothing End Function End Class

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  • Internationalized strings in Eclipse plugin.xml file are not found when installed in Eclipse applica

    - by Ed
    Hi, I have created 2 plugins, implementing an ODA driver plugin and its UI plugin for the BIRT extension to Eclipse. My plugins both work as expected when eclipse starts up another eclipse application where I can then test the plugins I am developing. However, when I install my plugins into an Eclipse application and then start it from a Windows shortcut, the plugins work but and language keys specified in the plugin.xml files are not found. For example, in my plugin.xml file for the ODA Driver plugin I set the attributes 'id' to '%oda.data.source.id' and the data source 'defaultDisplayName' to '%data.source.name'. I then, in a file 'language.properties', have defined the values for both of these keys (where the keys don't have the preceeding % character). When running the plugins that have been installed into the dropins/plugins directory of an Eclipse application, the wizard for creating my ODA data source names is as '%data.source.name' and saves the data source in the rptdesign (XML) file with an ID of '%oda.data.source.id'. Since 'language' is not the default name for the properties file I went into the manifest for both plugins and changed the 'Bundle-Localization' attribute to 'language'. The language file is located in the root directory of both of my plugins. The properties file is definitely found, since I use the two language files to store other strings used by the plugins, looked up using a java ResourceBundle. The strings are always found whether the plugins are run from Eclipse application loading another, or when properly installed in the dropins/plugins directory of an Eclipse application. Why are the installed plugins not finding language keys reference in the plugin.xml files? There are not errors in the logs and the language.properties files are clearly accessible... Thanks in advance.

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  • How to quickly generate a new string hash after concatenating 2 strings

    - by philcolbourn
    If my math is right, I can quickly generate a new hash value for the concatenation of two strings if I already have the individual hash values for each string. But only if the hash function is of the form: hash(n) = k * hash(n-1) + c(n), and h(0) = 0. In this case, hash( concat(s1,s2) ) = k**length(s2) * hash(s1) + hash(s2) eg. h1 = makeHash32_SDBM( "abcdef", 6 ); h2 = makeHash32_SDBM( "ghijklmn", 8 ); h12 = makeHash32_SDBM( "abcdefghijklmn", 14 ); hx = mod32_powI( 65599, 8 ) * h1 + h2; h1 = 2534611139 h2 = 2107082500 h12 = 1695963591 hx = 1695963591 Note that h12 = hx so this demonstrates the idea. Now, for the SDBM hash k=65599. Whereas the DJB hash has k=33 (or perhaps 31?) and h(0) = 5381 so to make it work you can set h(0) = 0 instead. But a modification on the DJB hash uses xor instead of + to add each character. http://www.cse.yorku.ca/~oz/hash.html Is there another technique to quickly calculate the hash value of concatenated strings if the hash function uses xor instead of +?

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  • Generate a set of strings with maximum edit distance

    - by Kevin Jacobs
    Problem 1: I'd like to generate a set of n strings of fixed length m from alphabet s such that the minimum Levenshtein distance (edit distance) between any two strings is greater than some constant c. Obviously, I can use randomization methods (e.g., a genetic algorithm), but was hoping that this may be a well-studied problem in computer science or mathematics with some informative literature and an efficient algorithm or three. Problem 2: Same as above except that adjacent characters cannot repeat; the i'th character in each string may not be equal to the i+1'th character. E.g., 'CAT', 'AGA' and 'TAG' are allowed, 'GAA', 'AAT', and 'AAA' are not. Background: The basis for this problem is bioinformatic and involves designing unique DNA tags that can be attached to biologically derived DNA fragments and then sequenced using a fancy second generation sequencer. The goal is to be able to recognize each tag, allowing for random insertion, deletion, and substitution errors. The specific DNA sequencing technology has a relatively low error rate per base (~1%), but is less precise when a single base is repeated 2 or more times (motivating the additional constraints imposed in problem 2).

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  • Delphi : Handling the fact that Strings are not Objects

    - by awmross
    I am trying to write a function that takes any TList and returns a String representation of all the elements of the TList. I tried a function like so function ListToString(list:TList<TObject>):String; This works fine, except you can't pass a TList to it. E2010 Incompatible types: 'TList<System.TObject>' and 'TList<System.string>' In Delphi, a String is not an Object. To solve this, I've written a second function: function StringListToString(list:TList<string>):String; Is this the only solution? Are there other ways to treat a String as more 'object-like'? In a similar vein, I also wanted to write an 'equals' function to compare two TLists. Again I run into the same problem function AreListsEqual(list1:TList<TObject>; list2:TList<TObject>):boolean; Is there any way to write this function (perhaps using generics?) so it can also handle a TList? Are there any other tricks or 'best practises' I should know about when trying to create code that handles both Strings and Objects? Or do I just create two versions of every function? Can generics help? I am from a Java background but now work in Delphi. It seems they are lately adding a lot of things to Delphi from the Java world (or perhaps the C# world, which copied them from Java). Like adding equals() and hashcode() to TObject, and creating a generic Collections framework etc. I'm wondering if these additions are very practical if you can't use Strings with them.

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  • Algorithm detect repeating/similiar strings in a corpus of data -- say email subjects, in Python

    - by RizwanK
    I'm downloading a long list of my email subject lines , with the intent of finding email lists that I was a member of years ago, and would want to purge them from my Gmail account (which is getting pretty slow.) I'm specifically thinking of newsletters that often come from the same address, and repeat the product/service/group's name in the subject. I'm aware that I could search/sort by the common occurrence of items from a particular email address (and I intend to), but I'd like to correlate that data with repeating subject lines.... Now, many subject lines would fail a string match, but "Google Friends : Our latest news" "Google Friends : What we're doing today" are more similar to each other than a random subject line, as is: "Virgin Airlines has a great sale today" "Take a flight with Virgin Airlines" So -- how can I start to automagically extract trends/examples of strings that may be more similar. Approaches I've considered and discarded ('because there must be some better way'): Extracting all the possible substrings and ordering them by how often they show up, and manually selecting relevant ones Stripping off the first word or two and then count the occurrence of each sub string Comparing Levenshtein distance between entries Some sort of string similarity index ... Most of these were rejected for massive inefficiency or likelyhood of a vast amount of manual intervention required. I guess I need some sort of fuzzy string matching..? In the end, I can think of kludgy ways of doing this, but I'm looking for something more generic so I've added to my set of tools rather than special casing for this data set. After this, I'd be matching the occurring of particular subject strings with 'From' addresses - I'm not sure if there's a good way of building a data structure that represents how likely/not two messages are part of the 'same email list' or by filtering all my email subjects/from addresses into pools of likely 'related' emails and not -- but that's a problem to solve after this one. Any guidance would be appreciated.

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  • How to wrap Ruby strings in HTML tags

    - by Jason H.
    Hi all: I'm looking for help on two things. 1) I'm looking for a way for Ruby to wrap strings in HTML. I have a program I'm writing that generates a Hash of word frequencies for a text file and I want to take the results and place it into an HTML file rather than print to STDOUT. I'm thinking each string needs to be wrapped in an HTML paragraph tag using readlines() or something, but I can't quite figure it out. Then, once I've wrapped the strings in HTML 2) I want to write to an empty HTML file. Right now my program looks like: filename = File.new(ARGV[0]).read().downcase().scan(/[\w']+/) frequency = Hash.new(0) words.each { |word| frequency[word] +=1 } frequency.sort_by { |x,y| y }.reverse().each{ |w,f| puts "#{f}, #{w}" } So if we ran a text file through this and received: 35, the 27, of 20, to 16, in # . . . I'd want to export to an HTML file that wraps the lines like: <p>35, the</p> <p>27, of</p> <p>20, to</p> <p>16, in</p> # . . . Thanks for any tips in advance!

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  • Javascript, IE, Strings, and Performance problems

    - by Infinity
    Hey guys, So we have this product, and it's really slow in IE. We've already applied a lot of the practices advised by the IE guys themselves (like this, and this), and try to sacrifice clean code for performance in the critical parts like DOM manipulation. However, as you can see in this IE profiler screenshot.. Just "String" is the biggest offender. Almost 750ms of exclusive time. Does this mean IE is spending 750ms just instantiating Strings? I also read this stuff on the Opera dev blog: A build script can remove whitespace, comments, replace strings with Array lookups (to avoid MSIE creating a string object for every single instance of a string — even in conditions) But no more info regarding this. Anyone can clarify? It seems like IE has to create a full String instance every time you have " " in your code, which could explain this, but I don't know what the array lookup optimization would look like. BTW- we don't really do much of string concatenation anywhere in the code. The library we use is MooTools 1.2.4 Any suggestions will be appreciated! Thx

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  • How to make "int" parse blank strings?

    - by Alex B
    I have a parsing system for fixed-length text records based on a layout table: parse_table = [\ ('name', type, length), .... ('numeric_field', int, 10), # int example ('textc_field', str, 100), # string example ... ] The idea is that given a table for a message type, I just go through the string, and reconstruct a dictionary out of it, according to entries in the table. Now, I can handle strings and proper integers, but int() will not parse all-spaces fields (for a good reason, of course). I wanted to handle it by defining a subclass of int that handles blank strings. This way I could go and change the type of appropriate table entries without introducing additional kludges in the parsing code (like filters), and it would "just work". But I can't figure out how to override the constructor of a build-in type in a sub-type, as defining constructor in the subclass does not seem to help. I feel I'm missing something fundamental here about how Python built-in types work. How should I approach this? I'm also open to alternatives that don't add too much complexity.

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  • Creating and parsing huge strings with javascript?

    - by user246114
    Hi, I have a simple piece of data that I'm storing on a server, as a plain string. It is kind of ridiculous, but it looks like this: name|date|grade|description|name|date|grade|description|repeat for a long time this string can be up to 1.4mb in size. The idea is that it's a bunch of student records, just strung together with a simple pipe delimeter. It's a very poor serialization method. Once this massive string is pushed to the client, it is split along the pipes into student records again, using javascript. I've been timing how long it takes to create, and split, these strings on the client side. The times are actually quite good, the slowest run I've seen on a few different machines is 0.2 seconds for 10,000 'student records', which has a final string size of ~1.4mb. I realize this is quite bizarre, just wondering if there are any inherent problems with creating and splitting such large strings using javascript? I don't know how different browsers implement their javascript engines. I've tried this on the 'major' browsers, but don't know how this would perform on earlier versions of each. Yeah looking for any comments on this, this is more for fun than anything else! Thanks

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  • Only first word of two strings gets added to db

    - by dkgeld
    When trying to add words to a database via php, only the first word of both strings gets added. I send the text via this code: public void sendTextToDB() { valcom = editText1.getText().toString(); valnm = editText2.getText().toString(); t = new Thread() { public void run() { try { url = new URL("http://10.0.2.2/HB/hikebuddy.php?function=setcomm&comment="+valcom+"&name="+valnm); h = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection(); if( h.getResponseCode() == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK){ is = h.getInputStream(); }else{ is = h.getErrorStream(); } h.disconnect(); } catch (Exception e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); Log.d("Test", "CONNECTION FAILED 1"); } } }; t.start(); } When tested with spaces and commas etc. in a browser, the php function adds all text. The strings also return the full value when inserted into a dialog. How do I fix this? Thank you.

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  • Why is this statement treated as a string instead of its result?

    - by reve_etrange
    I am trying to perform some composition-based filtering on a large collection of strings (protein sequences). I wrote a group of three subroutines in order to take care of it, but I'm running into trouble in two ways - one minor, one major. The minor trouble is that when I use List::MoreUtils 'pairwise' I get warnings about using $a and $b only once and them being uninitialized. But I believe I'm calling this method properly (based on CPAN's entry for it and some examples from the web). The major trouble is an error "Can't use string ("17/32") as HASH ref while "strict refs" in use..." It seems like this can only happen if the foreach loop in &comp is giving the hash values as a string instead of evaluating the division operation. I'm sure I've made a rookie mistake, but can't find the answer on the web. The first time I even looked at perl code was last Wednesday... use List::Util; use List::MoreUtils; my @alphabet = ( 'A', 'R', 'N', 'D', 'C', 'Q', 'E', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'L', 'K', 'M', 'F', 'P', 'S', 'T', 'W', 'Y', 'V' ); my $gapchr = '-'; # Takes a sequence and returns letter = occurrence count pairs as hash. sub getcounts { my %counts = (); foreach my $chr (@alphabet) { $counts{$chr} = ( $[0] =~ tr/$chr/$chr/ ); } $counts{'gap'} = ( $[0] =~ tr/$gapchr/$gapchr/ ); return %counts; } # Takes a sequence and returns letter = fractional composition pairs as a hash. sub comp { my %comp = getcounts( $[0] ); foreach my $chr (@alphabet) { $comp{$chr} = $comp{$chr} / ( length( $[0] ) - $comp{'gap'} ); } return %comp; } # Takes two sequences and returns a measure of the composition difference between them, as a scalar. # Originally all on one line but it was unreadable. sub dcomp { my @dcomp = pairwise { $a - $b } @{ values( %{ comp( $[0] ) } ) }, @{ values( %{ comp( $[1] ) } ) }; @dcomp = apply { $_ ** 2 } @dcomp; my $dcomp = sqrt( sum( 0, @dcomp ) ) / 20; return $dcomp; } Much appreciation for any answers or advice!

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