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• Unable to mount NTFS Partition after resizing

  - by sam

  I was having only 15 GB space allocated to LINUX. I wanted to have more space available to linux. So I just re sized one of my ntfs partition using GParted. But after resizing I am not able to open the partition neither in Ubuntu nor in windows. OS: Dual Boot Win7/Ubuntu 10.10 The error message i get is the following: Error mounting: mount exited with exit code 12: Failed to read last sector (395458824): Invalid argument HINTS: Either the volume is a RAID/LDM but it wasn't setup yet, or it was not setup correctly (e.g. by not using mdadm --build ...), or a wrong device is tried to be mounted, or the partition table is corrupt (partition is smaller than NTFS), or the NTFS boot sector is corrupt (NTFS size is not valid). Failed to mount '/dev/sda5': Invalid argument The device '/dev/sda5' doesn't seem to have a valid NTFS. Maybe the wrong device is used? Or the whole disk instead of a partition (e.g. /dev/sda, not /dev/sda1)? Or the other way around?

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• Trying to recover deleted Ubuntu partition

  - by user110984

  I made a mistake in logging into my 200 GB Ubuntu partition. I could not access Grub after that. Using a live CD I then ran Boot_Repair and apparently deleted the partition, I guess because I ran it from my 70 GB Windows partition. I can send the results of boot_info before that and of Boot_Repair. Then I ran TestDisk, which apparently found only dev/sda/ -320GB / 298 / GiB - WDC - WD3200BEVT-22A23T0 (Was there any more I could have done with TestDisk? I looked at the TestDisk_Step_By_Step example and found no way forward given that no other partitions turned up) I have run gpart and found this: /sda1 - 15 GB /sda2 - system reserved /sda3 - 70.15 GB /sda4 - extended 212.84 unallocated - 209.10 /sda5 - unknown 3.74 . I have been told I can recover the partition using gparted's Rescue start end command, but I don't know what to enter for start and end. [--EDIT: TestDisk Deeper Search stated that "the following partitions can't be recovered" and listed a 220-GB Linux partition 6 times. Then it stated that "The current number of heads per cylinder is 255 but the correct value may be 128" and I could try to change it in the Geometry menu (because apparently these are overlapping partitions) So should I do that?--]

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• Strange resizing of partition after reinstalling Ubuntu 14.04 64bit

  - by Mike

  I started with Windows 7 on 120GB SSD and Ubuntu 14.04 32bit installed on 60GB partition on separate 1TB HDD. I just did a fresh reinstall of 14.04 64bit on the 1TB HDD. In the installation set up process, I selected the second choice of "deleting Ubuntu 14.04 and all it's files,documents, photos etc and reinstalling" to what I figured would reinstall the 64bit OS on the already existing 60GB allocated partition. Instead, it reinstalled Ubuntu as 43.5 GB and created a separate 15.8 partition. So now it reads that my disk space for Ubuntu ( in settingsdetails) is 43.5GB (instead of the previous 60GB that my old 32bit had) The upside is I can now access my 1TB HDD from my toolbar(and all the files located on it) Before, I could only access that through Windows (I can also access the SSD too, but that was always the case) Both drives are mounted now. My initial reaction was to go into Windows 7 disk management delete the strange/new 15gb partitionextend the 43.5 to the unallocated space. But I'm not sure if this is necessary or would even work. My question is why did it create a 15gb partition shrinking my ubuntu disk space, and is it useful? I don't want wasted space, so before I go through all my set up of Ubuntu, should I change this. At this time my HDD reads as 43.5 partiton, 15.8 partition, and 874GB exfat32 (939GB total)

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• Partition Alignment Confusion

  - by user170757

  I have a new Samsung 840 250GB SSD on the way, and I want to make sure that everything is running optimally after install. I've spent many frustrating hours on the internet trying to understand how I should align the partitions of the SSD when it arrives (and even how to partition everything; my other drive is a 1TB HDD with files already on it). I'd like to know a foolproof way of setting everything up. Now, the only place I could find the erase block size of the 840 is here: http://thessdreview.com/Forums/ssd-beginners-guide-discussion/3630.htm I simply can't understand why such information isn't made freely accessible by manufacturers! But, anyway, this would suggest the EBS is 1536kb, which seems odd to me. It is to my understanding that you should now align by MiB (usually set at 1MiB). I assume that the figure above should actually be 1536k B=1.5MiB? This seems to suggest the partition alignment will be somewhat non-standard. So my question is: How do I align my partitions given this information? Please bear in mind that I have never used linux before; I'm doing my best to get everything set up so that I can begin to learn but am finding this process incredibly opaque and time consuming. If possible, a step by step guide through GParted would be great; at the moment I'm considering an NTFS partition ~20GB for Windows (playing games), an EXT4 ~20GB for ubuntu (for doing everything else) and a shared documents+games partition for everything else in NTFS file format. I'm not going to have any swap partition and use swap files instead.

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• How To Use the Restore Partition to Break Into a Mac Running OS X Lion

  - by Justin Garrison

  It’s trivial to break into a Mac using an OS X boot disk, but new Macs use a restore partition for OS installations. Here’s how you can use that partition to reset a user password and break into a Mac. All laptops that come with OS X 10.7 “Lion” or laptops that were upgraded to Lion have a restore partition for easy OS recovery. This easy-to-use recovery partition also opens up hackers to break into your Mac without needing any additional tools. To reset a user password on a Mac with Lion you first need to restart the computer and hold the Command+R (?+R) keys. When the gray Apple logo shows up on the screen you can release the keys. Your computer should automatically boot into the recovery partition. Start by selecting your language and then go to Utilities -> Terminal in the menu. How to Sync Your Media Across Your Entire House with XBMC How to Own Your Own Website (Even If You Can’t Build One) Pt 2 How to Own Your Own Website (Even If You Can’t Build One) Pt 1

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• How to Make Windows 8 Index Encrypted Files

  - by Taylor Gibb

  If you have files that are encrypted with the Encrypting File System, you will probably have noticed that they don’t get indexed by Windows, and therefore don’t show up in search results. Here’s how to fix that. 6 Start Menu Replacements for Windows 8 What Is the Purpose of the “Do Not Cover This Hole” Hole on Hard Drives? How To Log Into The Desktop, Add a Start Menu, and Disable Hot Corners in Windows 8

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• How to grub-install ignore specific drive/partition

  - by gsedej

  Is it possible to use grub-install or update-grub to just search on specific disk/partition? (or ignore specific)? I installed Ubuntu 12.04 on my hard drive, but i wished to do some testing on it without harming current installation, so I "rsynced" root partition (the only) to the USB partition (ext4). I did fix /etc/fstab on USB partition. The problem is that when I do grub-install /dev/sdb (usb) GRUB seems to confuse when UUIDs. Whatever I chose in GRUB it always boot from disk. In grub in edit mode I see that in two "UUID" lines are not the same. If I retype UUID from "first" to second "line" it boots from USB (as I wish). Is there any other way than fixing /boot/grub/grub.cfg each time? EDIT: the GRUB generated good when I booted from USB and grub-install from there, but question is still if it's possible ignore drives

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• Installed Ubuntu on 12.04 on my MacBook Air now I want to expand the partition

  - by Josh

  I recently installed Ubuntu 12.04 on a 40GB partition on my Mac Book Air (5,2). I'm having so much fun with it, I'm ready to make the switch permanently and replace it as the primary OS on my machine. I realize I can wipe the machine and start from scratch, but I'm looking for alternatives since I like my current setup. Options are... Create a backup and restore the back up to a larger partition (Assuming I should keep the default OS X install for firmware updates) Create a backup and restore to the entire drive (create a restore usb stick for OSX - not sure if that's possible?) re-size my current partition and wipe the OS X partition and either, A. re-install OS X (similar to option 1) or B. create the USB key (similar to option 2). Thoughts? Any other suggestions? Would also like thoughts on the "optimal" or "best practice" for partitioning Ubuntu. Thanks!

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• Resize hard drive partition to make more space for /var

  - by user3357381

  I am running out of space in the /var partition. I have plenty of space in my /home partition. How do I shrink the /home partition to make more space for the /var partition? I have read some blogs that say to use the GParted Live CD. As a new user, I'm not quite sure if this is the ideal route. What is the best way to create more space for /var ? Output of df -h : Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 19G 7.1G 11G 41% / none 4.0K 0 4.0K 0% /sys/fs/cgroup udev 7.9G 8.0K 7.9G 1% /dev tmpfs 1.6G 1.5M 1.6G 1% /run none 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock none 7.9G 624K 7.9G 1% /run/shm none 100M 60K 100M 1% /run/user /dev/sda4 454M 75M 352M 18% /boot /dev/sda5 2.3G 2.1G 36M 99% /var /dev/sda3 178G 1.3G 168G 1% /home /dev/sda6 2.8G 5.8M 2.6G 1% /tmp /dev/sdb1 3.7T 401G 3.3T 11% /hdd

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• Ubuntu partition won't display on screen

  - by Danny

  I installed ggobi on my MacBook Pro, and it wasn't working right. I looked up some information, and found this site: Gtk Warning: Cannot open display I followed the vague instructions, but I think I just typed export DISPLAY=:0 directly into my terminal (I'm still in my Mac partition at this point). Fast forward a few days, and I try to go into my Ubuntu partition. It only gives me command line options. I remember my reckless input from a few days back, and I'm certain that it is the issue. My problem is that I have no idea how to get my previous display settings back. My Mac partition seems unaffected, but it'd be nice to get back into my Ubuntu partition. My last resort is completely reverting my computer to my most recent backup before I changed it, but if anyone out there knows how to fix this, I'd greatly appreciate it. Thanks in advance.

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• Google Offers Encrypted Search

  Worried if your ISP is spying on your Google searches? The search engine giant is now offering encrypted search.

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• installer can't find partition, but fdisk can find them

  - by pxd

  I'm installing ubuntu 12.04, my system had install 2 system -- winxp and ubuntu 10.10. Now, I want to update ubuntu to 12.04. I use usb disk to install 12.04. But, the installer can't not find my partition in my harddisk. But, the fdisk can find them. Can you help me? How to do? ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo lshw -short H/W path Device Class Description system HP 2230s (NN868PA#AB2) /0 bus 3037 /0/9 memory 64KiB BIOS /0/0 processor Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU T6570 @ 2.10GHz /0/0/1 memory 2MiB L2 cache /0/0/3 memory 32KiB L1 cache /0/0/0.1 processor Logical CPU /0/0/0.2 processor Logical CPU /0/2 memory 32KiB L1 cache /0/4 memory 2GiB System Memory /0/4/0 memory SODIMM [empty] /0/4/1 memory 2GiB SODIMM DDR2 Synchronous 800 MHz (1.2 ns) /0/100 bridge Mobile 4 Series Chipset Memory Controller Hub /0/100/2 display Mobile 4 Series Chipset Integrated Graphics Controller /0/100/2.1 display Mobile 4 Series Chipset Integrated Graphics Controller /0/100/1a bus 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #4 /0/100/1a.1 bus 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #5 /0/100/1a.2 bus 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #6 /0/100/1a.7 bus 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller #2 /0/100/1b multimedia 82801I (ICH9 Family) HD Audio Controller /0/100/1c bridge 82801I (ICH9 Family) PCI Express Port 1 /0/100/1c.1 bridge 82801I (ICH9 Family) PCI Express Port 2 /0/100/1c.1/0 wlan1 network PRO/Wireless 5100 AGN [Shiloh] Network Connection /0/100/1c.2 bridge 82801I (ICH9 Family) PCI Express Port 3 /0/100/1c.4 bridge 82801I (ICH9 Family) PCI Express Port 5 /0/100/1c.5 bridge 82801I (ICH9 Family) PCI Express Port 6 /0/100/1c.5/0 eth1 network 88E8072 PCI-E Gigabit Ethernet Controller /0/100/1d bus 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #1 /0/100/1d.1 bus 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #2 /0/100/1d.2 bus 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #3 /0/100/1d.7 bus 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller #1 /0/100/1e bridge 82801 Mobile PCI Bridge /0/100/1f bridge ICH9M LPC Interface Controller /0/100/1f.2 scsi0 storage 82801IBM/IEM (ICH9M/ICH9M-E) 4 port SATA Controller [AHCI mode] /0/100/1f.2/0 /dev/sda disk 500GB WDC WD5000BEVT-0 /0/100/1f.2/0/1 /dev/sda1 volume 48GiB Windows NTFS volume /0/100/1f.2/0/2 /dev/sda2 volume 416GiB Extended partition /0/100/1f.2/0/2/5 /dev/sda5 volume 97GiB HPFS/NTFS partition /0/100/1f.2/0/2/6 /dev/sda6 volume 198GiB HPFS/NTFS partition /0/100/1f.2/0/2/7 /dev/sda7 volume 27GiB Linux filesystem partition /0/100/1f.2/0/2/8 /dev/sda8 volume 93GiB Linux filesystem partition /0/100/1f.2/1 /dev/cdrom disk CDDVDW TS-L633M /0/1 scsi6 storage /0/1/0.0.0 /dev/sdb disk 15GB STORAGE DEVICE /0/1/0.0.0/0 /dev/sdb disk 15GB /0/1/0.0.0/0/1 /dev/sdb1 volume 14GiB Windows FAT volume /1 power HZ04037 ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders, total 976773168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x31263125 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 63 102277727 51138832+ 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda2 102277728 976784129 437253201 f W95 Ext'd (LBA) /dev/sda5 102277791 307078127 102400168+ 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda6 307078191 724141151 208531480+ 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda7 724142080 781459455 28658688 83 Linux /dev/sda8 781461504 976771071 97654784 83 Linux Disk /dev/sdb: 15.9 GB, 15931539456 bytes 64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 15193 cylinders, total 31116288 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0009eb92 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id Systemfile:///home/ubuntu/Pictures/Screenshot%20from%202012-07-07%2010:25:40.png /dev/sdb1 * 32 31115263 15557616 c W95 FAT32 (LBA) ubuntu 12.04 installer can't find the partition in my hard disk, only find device - /dev/sda.(sorry, I'm new user, so can't send image.)

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• Ubuntu 13.10 Installer freezes on partition recognition on Alienware M17x

  - by Mutewinter

  I'm trying to install Ubuntu 13.10 on an Alienware M17x, after bypassing the graphical problems with "nomodeset" (annoying!), I'm facing a rather different problem: I click on "Install Ubuntu", the guided installation progress reach the point where the partition, mount point etc. needs to be selected and...nothing. In the partition selection menu it sees only dev/sda, but in the window where the actual way the disk is partitioned should appear nothing shows, it's blank. I've tried to click on "change..." to try to force it to read something, but the installer simply quits. The button "change partition table" etcetera are greyed out (well, obviously, since no partition table has been read). What's that? The Alienware has Windows 7 and legacy BIOS (so no UEFI here). Anyone has an idea? Thanks for your time and help!

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• Librated error when creating partition table

  - by Marko

  I bought a Dell Inspiron 5521 laptop a few days ago that came with Ubuntu preinstalled. I haven't used Ubuntu yet, and I don't have any experience in using it. I wanted to install Windows 7 64-bit on my laptop alongside Ubuntu, and made two bootable USB drives with Gparted and Windows 7. There wasn't a suitable partition on my laptop in which I could install Windows 7. I've read the instructions for using Gparted to create or manage my hard drive. I inserted the USB, booted from BIOS, and followed the procedure in installing Gparted. Then I entered Gparted, and the following error occurred: Librated error when Creating partition table. It asked me to click on either OK or Cancel. Either way I had my hard disk shown to me in the user window, in partitions that were made by the manufacturer: Partition File sys Label Size Flags /dev/sda1 fat32 dellutility 300.00 Mib diag /dev/sda2 fat32 os 3.00 Gib lba /dev/sda3 ext4 912.46 Gib boot /dev/sda4 extended 15.75 Gib (had a subpart) /dev/sda5 linux-swap 15.75 Gib ...and a option to switch to dev/sdb that's unused and of capacity 3Gib. I've used the biggest partition 912.46 Gib, and tried to reduce its size, and clicked OK. Then when I tried to make a new partition, it said it can't make any more partitions, no more than a maximum of 5. I would like to keep Ubuntu and slowly learn, but I also need to use programs that work in Windows. Thank you for taking the time to answer my question.

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• update-grub is setting a wrong linux root partition

  - by adrian m

  Initially, Ubuntu was installed on another partition (sda5 or sda4). At some point I did manually move the root partition to sda2. Now, the problem is that whenever a new kernel is installed, the automatic regeneration of the menu.lst is using the OLD Linux partition. So I have to manually change in menu.lst the lines : root (hd0,5) into root (hd0,1) How can I configure update-grub to automatically generate menu.lst with the current Linux root partition? I assume that the (hd0,5) was written somewhere at installation, but I couldn't find it.

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• How to I make my bootcamp partition bootable again?

  - by KJFMusic

  I'm having a similar problem as everyone else in this posting. I have 5 partitions. 3 of which I created for my Mac OS Lion installation, Windows 7 installation and a 3rd for storage. Everything was running fine for quite sometime until recently. My Windows 7 installation has suddenly stopped booting. Instead of a start up screen I get: Windows failed to start. A recent hardware or software change might be the cause. File: \BOOT\BCD Status: 0xc000000d Info: An error occurred while attempting to read the boot configuration data Mac OS Lion starts up fine. I'm unable to mount my "Bootcamp" partition nor the "Storage" partition. On top of that "Storage" has been renamed to "disk0s5". When I installed Windows 7 it didn't recognize the "Storage" partition that was created in Lion so it merged what it thought was free diskspace (I'm assuming the same space that Mac OS recognized as Storage) to the Root Drive of Windows 7 (Bootcamp). Are you able to assist?

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• Encrypted directory makes file operations for whole disk very slow

  - by user1566277

  I am running an arm GNU/Linux and I have a SD-Card with three partitions on it. On one of the Partition I create an encfs file and then mount it on a directory which is in another partition to make that directory encrypted. Works fine. But now the writing speed on all the partitions are reduced drastically. I can understand that it should be slow for encrypted directory but why the its reducing write speed for all the partitions. E.g., if do not mount the encrypted directory 20MB is transferred in 2 Sec. roughly but with the encrypted directory mounted its like 20 Seconds for same file. I am using LUKS and all the partitons are ext3 except for the directory where /dev/mapper/encfs is mounted as type ext2. Any hints?

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• How to resize(increase) a root+home cloned partition from a smaller hdd?

  - by saulo

  Here is my story: I had a hd failing so I cloned it with dd to larger 500gb hd. It seemed to have worked well, but I have all this unallocated free space at the end of the disk (230gb). I tried to used gparted from a liveUSB to allocate all this space to my root+home partition (other than that I only have a small extended partition with the swap). It won't let me do this. I can only create another partition, or allocate the free space to the extend partition. I can however reduce the size of the root+home partition since I wasn't using all the space Is there a way to put this free space to my root+home partition after all? Or do I have to go with another partition. If so I'd like to separate my home from the root, reduce the root partition and create a ext4 logical home partition. What would be the best safest way to do this? Thanks so much in advance, aloha

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• Can't find second partition on encrypted drive with two partitions

  - by Thomas Uhrig

  I have a drive with two partitions, a system partition (Windows 7) and a partition just for data. Both are encrypted with the same password. I didn't had any problems, but yesterday my laptop gets broken. Now, I'm trying to connect the drive via USB to a new laptop and read it. The problem is, that I only see the system partition, not the one with my data. When I click on "Select Device", I can see my drive as "Harddisk 1" with 300 gb. But I only see a single partition "Partition1" with 117 gb. I'm unable to find the second one. It's not a hidden partition. Any ideas? Thanks.

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• How to recover my invisible HD again?

  - by pattulus

  I made this several times now, but this time something bad happened. What I did: I installed Windows 7 at a 32GB partition on my slot 2 HD in my MacPro. Windows 7 made a 105MB partition… I knew this before, but what I didn’t know was that this partition is now on my slot 4 HD. My home folder, my private videos and some other stuff are on this 1TB drive. What I found out so far: I’m currently logged in as another admin since my OS partition as well as the two other HD's aren't harmed. Disk Utility: … only shows the 105MB NTSF partition on this 1TB volume. It isn’t showing my old 1TB partition/ex-HD named "storehouse". Only the partition tab is telling me that there now is a 1TB empty free unpartitioned space. Data Rescue II: … is showing the Volume as it used to be with it's old Name "storehouse". A quick scan and a thorough scan both were done in 1 second which leds me to the conclusion that there's isn’t something deleted at all (» hope!). Data Rescue doesn’t even mention the damn "system reserved" partition. Drive Genius: … also shows the old partition and doesn’t mention the new one. But looking at the info it tells me under "content": FDisk_partition_scheme (instead of Apple_partition_scheme). Well D'oh…. Tech Tools: … doesn’t show the volume, otherwise I'd might have been tempted to press rebuild/repair. What to do next?? I think the best approach is to buy another 1TB HD and let Disk Warrior Clone my old one to it… just to be on the safe side. But what is the best thing to do after this… ???

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• Fixing damaged partition table

  - by dr4cul4

  This is continuation of Recover Extended Partition , but this time I have different problem related partition table it self. I managed to restore partition that I needed and backed up files that were crucial to me (at least those that I had space to store somewhere) OK now get to the problem. My partition table is corrupted, booting RIP Linux I can mount it in truecrypt (and other ones that recovered), but that's basically it. When I launch GParted I have unallocated drive. GParted Dev info: Device Information Model: ATA ST2000DL003-9VT1 Size: 1.82TiB Path: /dev/sda Partition table: unrecognized Heads: 255 Sectors/track: 63 Cylinders: 243201 Total Sectors: 3907029168 Sector size: 512 When I check information on unallocated space I get: File system: unallocated Size: 1.82TiB First sector: 0 Last sector: 3907029167 Total sectors: 3907029168 Warning: Can't have a partition outside the disk! Now the output of testdisc (Analyze): TestDisk 6.13, Data Recovery Utility, November 2011 Christophe GRENIER <[email protected]> http://www.cgsecurity.org Disk /dev/sda - 2000 GB / 1863 GiB - CHS 243201 255 63 Current partition structure: Partition Start End Size in sectors > 1 P Linux 13132 242 39 16353 233 8 51744768 2 E extended LBA 16807 223 1 243201 254 63 3637021626 No partition is bootable 5 L Linux 16807 223 57 20430 39 25 58191872 X extended 20430 70 1 243201 78 13 3578816632 Invalid NTFS or EXFAT boot 6 L HPFS - NTFS 20430 71 58 243201 78 13 3578816512 6 LNext Now fdisk: # fdisk -l /dev/sda Disk /dev/sda: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders, total 3907029168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00039cd0 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 210980864 262725631 25872384 83 Linux /dev/sda2 270018504 3907040129 1818510813 f W95 Ext'd (LBA) /dev/sda5 270018560 328210431 29095936 83 Linux /dev/sda6 328212480 3907028991 1789408256 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT Now I would like to fix that to arrange partitions correctly, but I have no idea which tool is capable of fixing that (tried, a few, some of them offered fixing, but it was to risky at the moment - still backing up data).

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• Multi-partition USB stick

  - by nightcracker

  In my freelance job as "the dude that fixes your computer" I have an extremely handy tool, a bootable USB stick with Ubuntu LiveCD that allows me to recover and investigate in a known, working environment. Now, I want to reformat this USB stick and reinstall with Casper-RW persistance. I did this a few times before with a FAT-formatted USB stick. It was a horror. The USB drive corrupted constantly, by people accidently removing the USB stick, the computer not properly shutting down, ETC. Now what I want to create a multi-partition USB stick so I can put Ubuntu on a ext partition, but still be able to store some Windows stuff in it, by having a secondary FAT partition. However I read somewhere that Windows will only check the first partition on USB sticks, giving a problem with the first bootable linux partition. Is this possible on some way? EDIT Perhaps it wasn't clear what the problem is. The problem is that I read somewhere that Windows will only recognize the first partition on a USB stick. But I want two partitions, a ext partition and a FAT partition. No issues so far, but in order to be bootable the ext partition must be the first one!

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• Converting Encrypted Values

  - by Johnm

  Your database has been protecting sensitive data at rest using the cell-level encryption features of SQL Server for quite sometime. The employees in the auditing department have been inviting you to their after-work gatherings and buying you drinks. Thousands of customers implicitly include you in their prayers of thanks giving as their identities remain safe in your company's database. The cipher text resting snuggly in a column of the varbinary data type is great for security; but it can create some interesting challenges when interacting with other data types such as the XML data type. The XML data type is one that is often used as a message type for the Service Broker feature of SQL Server. It also can be an interesting data type to capture for auditing or integrating with external systems. The challenge that cipher text presents is that the need for decryption remains even after it has experienced its XML metamorphosis. Quite an interesting challenge nonetheless; but fear not. There is a solution. To simulate this scenario, we first will want to create a plain text value for us to encrypt. We will do this by creating a variable to store our plain text value: -- set plain text value DECLARE @PlainText NVARCHAR(255); SET @PlainText = 'This is plain text to encrypt'; The next step will be to create a variable that will store the cipher text that is generated from the encryption process. We will populate this variable by using a pre-defined symmetric key and certificate combination: -- encrypt plain text value DECLARE @CipherText VARBINARY(MAX); OPEN SYMMETRIC KEY SymKey     DECRYPTION BY CERTIFICATE SymCert     WITH PASSWORD='mypassword2010';     SET @CipherText = EncryptByKey                          (                            Key_GUID('SymKey'),                            @PlainText                           ); CLOSE ALL SYMMETRIC KEYS; The value of our newly generated cipher text is 0x006E12933CBFB0469F79ABCC79A583--. This will be important as we reference our cipher text later in this post. Our final step in preparing our scenario is to create a table variable to simulate the existence of a table that contains a column used to hold encrypted values. Once this table variable has been created, populate the table variable with the newly generated cipher text: -- capture value in table variable DECLARE @tbl TABLE (EncVal varbinary(MAX)); INSERT INTO @tbl (EncVal) VALUES (@CipherText); We are now ready to experience the challenge of capturing our encrypted column in an XML data type using the FOR XML clause: -- capture set in xml DECLARE @xml XML; SET @xml = (SELECT               EncVal             FROM @tbl AS MYTABLE             FOR XML AUTO, BINARY BASE64, ROOT('root')); If you add the SELECT @XML statement at the end of this portion of the code you will see the contents of the XML data in its raw format: <root>   <MYTABLE EncVal="AG4Skzy/sEafeavMeaWDBwEAAACE--" /> </root> Strangely, the value that is captured appears nothing like the value that was created through the encryption process. The result being that when this XML is converted into a readable data set the encrypted value will not be able to be decrypted, even with access to the symmetric key and certificate used to perform the decryption. An immediate thought might be to convert the varbinary data type to either a varchar or nvarchar before creating the XML data. This approach makes good sense. The code for this might look something like the following: -- capture set in xml DECLARE @xml XML; SET @xml = (SELECT              CONVERT(NVARCHAR(MAX),EncVal) AS EncVal             FROM @tbl AS MYTABLE             FOR XML AUTO, BINARY BASE64, ROOT('root')); However, this results in the following error: Msg 9420, Level 16, State 1, Line 26 XML parsing: line 1, character 37, illegal xml character A quick query that returns CONVERT(NVARCHAR(MAX),EncVal) reveals that the value that is causing the error looks like something off of a genuine Chinese menu. While this situation does present us with one of those spine-tingling, expletive-generating challenges, rest assured that this approach is on the right track. With the addition of the "style" argument to the CONVERT method, our solution is at hand. When dealing with converting varbinary data types we have three styles available to us: - The first is to not include the style parameter, or use the value of "0". As we see, this style will not work for us. - The second option is to use the value of "1" will keep our varbinary value including the "0x" prefix. In our case, the value will be 0x006E12933CBFB0469F79ABCC79A583-- - The third option is to use the value of "2" which will chop the "0x" prefix off of our varbinary value. In our case, the value will be 006E12933CBFB0469F79ABCC79A583-- Since we will want to convert this back to varbinary when reading this value from the XML data we will want the "0x" prefix, so we will want to change our code as follows: -- capture set in xml DECLARE @xml XML; SET @xml = (SELECT              CONVERT(NVARCHAR(MAX),EncVal,1) AS EncVal             FROM @tbl AS MYTABLE             FOR XML AUTO, BINARY BASE64, ROOT('root')); Once again, with the inclusion of the SELECT @XML statement at the end of this portion of the code you will see the contents of the XML data in its raw format: <root>   <MYTABLE EncVal="0x006E12933CBFB0469F79ABCC79A583--" /> </root> Nice! We are now cooking with gas. To continue our scenario, we will want to parse the XML data into a data set so that we can glean our freshly captured cipher text. Once we have our cipher text snagged we will capture it into a variable so that it can be used during decryption: -- read back xml DECLARE @hdoc INT; DECLARE @EncVal NVARCHAR(MAX); EXEC sp_xml_preparedocument @hDoc OUTPUT, @xml; SELECT @EncVal = EncVal FROM OPENXML (@hdoc, '/root/MYTABLE') WITH ([EncVal] VARBINARY(MAX) '@EncVal'); EXEC sp_xml_removedocument @hDoc; Finally, the decryption of our cipher text using the DECRYPTBYKEYAUTOCERT method and the certificate utilized to perform the encryption earlier in our exercise: SELECT     CONVERT(NVARCHAR(MAX),                     DecryptByKeyAutoCert                          (                            CERT_ID('AuditLogCert'),                            N'mypassword2010',                            @EncVal                           )                     ) EncVal; Ah yes, another hurdle presents itself! The decryption produced the value of NULL which in cryptography means that either you don't have permissions to decrypt the cipher text or something went wrong during the decryption process (ok, sometimes the value is actually NULL; but not in this case). As we see, the @EncVal variable is an nvarchar data type. The third parameter of the DECRYPTBYKEYAUTOCERT method requires a varbinary value. Therefore we will need to utilize our handy-dandy CONVERT method: SELECT     CONVERT(NVARCHAR(MAX),                     DecryptByKeyAutoCert                          (                             CERT_ID('AuditLogCert'),                             N'mypassword2010',                             CONVERT(VARBINARY(MAX),@EncVal)                           )                     ) EncVal; Oh, almost. The result remains NULL despite our conversion to the varbinary data type. This is due to the creation of an varbinary value that does not reflect the actual value of our @EncVal variable; but rather a varbinary conversion of the variable itself. In this case, something like 0x3000780030003000360045003--. Considering the "style" parameter got us past XML challenge, we will want to consider its power for this challenge as well. Knowing that the value of "1" will provide us with the actual value including the "0x", we will opt to utilize that value in this case: SELECT     CONVERT(NVARCHAR(MAX),                     DecryptByKeyAutoCert                          (                            CERT_ID('SymCert'),                            N'mypassword2010',                            CONVERT(VARBINARY(MAX),@EncVal,1)                           )                     ) EncVal; Bingo, we have success! We have discovered what happens with varbinary data when captured as XML data. We have figured out how to make this data useful post-XML-ification. Best of all we now have a choice in after-work parties now that our very happy client who depends on our XML based interface invites us for dinner in celebration. All thanks to the effective use of the style parameter.

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• Can I delete EFI System Partition without harming other data on drive?

  - by Andy

  I have three external HDD's in a USB enclosure. After a recent upgrade to Win7, during which these three drives were actually installed inside the PC tower, two of the three drives now have a 200MB EFI partition, and the two drives do not show up as usable drives under either Win7 or Snow Leopard. One of the drives is empty; the other one, however, has a bunch of stuff on it that I want to save if possible. My question is, how can I get back to this data? Can I simply delete the EFI partition, and all will be well? Or do I have to do something trickier? Or am I just hosed?

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• Is it possible to convert an ntfs partition to ext3?

  - by Johnny

  Is it possible to convert an ntfs partition to ext3?

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