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  • python extract from switch output

    - by household2
    I have some info back from a LAN switch as below Vlan 1 is administratively down, line protocol is down Vlan 2 is up, line protocol is up Helper address is 192.168.0.2 Vlan 3 is up, line protocol is up Helper address is not set Vlan 4 is up, line protocol is up Helper address is 192.168.0.2 Vlan 5 is down, line protocol is down Helper address is 192.168.0.2 Vlan 6 is down, line protocol is down Helper address is not set Helper address is not set And the output I'm trying for is Vlan 1,admin down,n/a Vlan 2,up/up, 192.168.0.2 Vlan 3, up/up, not set Vlan 4, up/up, 192.168.0.2 Vlan 5, down/down, 192.168.0.2 Vlan 6, down/down, not set So the helper isn't always there (line 1) sometimes it's set sometimes it isn't, sometimes there are two lines (last Vlan - I only need 1) and the Vlan can have states of admin down, up/up, up/down (not here) and down down. So using Python and pexpect I can get the above output, but I'm having difficulty parsing out the consecutive lines. I've tried enumerate and then use key+1 for the next line, but the fact that there can be 0,1 or 2 lines following the Vlan screws me. Any ideas please?

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  • Parallel features in .Net 4.0

    - by Jonathan.Peppers
    I have been going over the practicality of some of the new parallel features in .Net 4.0. Say I have code like so: foreach (var item in myEnumerable) myDatabase.Insert(item.ConvertToDatabase()); Imagine myDatabase.Insert is performing some work to insert to a SQL database. Theoretically you could write: Parallel.ForEach(myEnumerable, item => myDatabase.Insert(item.ConvertToDatabase())); And automatically you get code that takes advantage of multiple cores. But what if myEnumerable can only be interacted with by a single thread? Will the Parallel class enumerate by a single thread and only dispatch the result to worker threads in the loop? What if myDatabase can only be interacted with by a single thread? It would certainly not be better to make a database connection per iteration of the loop. Finally, what if my "var item" happens to be a UserControl or something that must be interacted with on the UI thread? What design pattern should I follow to solve these problems? It's looking to me that switching over to Parallel/PLinq/etc is not exactly easy when you are dealing with real-world applications.

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  • SSSD Authentication

    - by user24089
    I just built a test server running OpenSuSE 12.1 and am trying to learn how configure sssd, but am not sure where to begin to look for why my config cannot allow me to authenticate. server:/etc/sssd # cat sssd.conf [sssd] config_file_version = 2 reconnection_retries = 3 sbus_timeout = 30 services = nss,pam domains = test.local [nss] filter_groups = root filter_users = root reconnection_retries = 3 [pam] reconnection_retries = 3 # Section created by YaST [domain/mose.cc] access_provider = ldap ldap_uri = ldap://server.test.local ldap_search_base = dc=test,dc=local ldap_schema = rfc2307bis id_provider = ldap ldap_user_uuid = entryuuid ldap_group_uuid = entryuuid ldap_id_use_start_tls = True enumerate = False cache_credentials = True chpass_provider = krb5 auth_provider = krb5 krb5_realm = TEST.LOCAL krb5_kdcip = server.test.local server:/etc # cat ldap.conf base dc=test,dc=local bind_policy soft pam_lookup_policy yes pam_password exop nss_initgroups_ignoreusers root,ldap nss_schema rfc2307bis nss_map_attribute uniqueMember member ssl start_tls uri ldap://server.test.local ldap_version 3 pam_filter objectClass=posixAccount server:/etc # cat nsswitch.conf passwd: compat sss group: files sss hosts: files dns networks: files dns services: files protocols: files rpc: files ethers: files netmasks: files netgroup: files publickey: files bootparams: files automount: files ldap aliases: files shadow: compat server:/etc # cat krb5.conf [libdefaults] default_realm = TEST.LOCAL clockskew = 300 [realms] TEST.LOCAL = { kdc = server.test.local admin_server = server.test.local database_module = ldap default_domain = test.local } [logging] kdc = FILE:/var/log/krb5/krb5kdc.log admin_server = FILE:/var/log/krb5/kadmind.log default = SYSLOG:NOTICE:DAEMON [dbmodules] ldap = { db_library = kldap ldap_kerberos_container_dn = cn=krbContainer,dc=test,dc=local ldap_kdc_dn = cn=Administrator,dc=test,dc=local ldap_kadmind_dn = cn=Administrator,dc=test,dc=local ldap_service_password_file = /etc/openldap/ldap-pw ldap_servers = ldaps://server.test.local } [domain_realm] .test.local = TEST.LOCAL [appdefaults] pam = { ticket_lifetime = 1d renew_lifetime = 1d forwardable = true proxiable = false minimum_uid = 1 clockskew = 300 external = sshd use_shmem = sshd } If I log onto the server as root I can su into an ldap user, however if I try to console locally or ssh remotely I am unable to authenticate. getent doesn't show the ldap entries for users, Im not sure if I need to look at LDAP, nsswitch, or what: server:~ # ssh localhost -l test Password: Password: Password: Permission denied (publickey,keyboard-interactive). server:~ # su test test@server:/etc> id uid=1000(test) gid=100(users) groups=100(users) server:~ # tail /var/log/messages Nov 24 09:36:44 server login[14508]: pam_sss(login:auth): system info: [Client not found in Kerberos database] Nov 24 09:36:44 server login[14508]: pam_sss(login:auth): authentication failure; logname=LOGIN uid=0 euid=0 tty=/dev/ttyS1 ruser= rhost= user=test Nov 24 09:36:44 server login[14508]: pam_sss(login:auth): received for user test: 4 (System error) Nov 24 09:36:44 server login[14508]: FAILED LOGIN SESSION FROM /dev/ttyS1 FOR test, System error server:~ # vi /etc/pam.d/common-auth auth required pam_env.so auth sufficient pam_unix2.so auth required pam_sss.so use_first_pass server:~ # vi /etc/pam.d/sshd auth requisite pam_nologin.so auth include common-auth account requisite pam_nologin.so account include common-account password include common-password session required pam_loginuid.so session include common-session session optional pam_lastlog.so silent noupdate showfailed

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  • USB Flash not recognised by Windows and BIOS, but works fine in Linux

    - by bbalegere
    I have a Transcend JetFLash 2GB USB Drive.It was working fine and I had been using it occasionally. All of sudden it stopped working in all versions of Windows . The USB Drive is also not recognised by the BIOS.It does not show in the list of bootable devices.(It used show up in the list earlier) However the USB Drive works fine in my Linux Mint 11 OS. Running dmesg gives this [ 941.812192] usb 1-2: new high speed USB device using ehci_hcd and address 4 [ 941.936178] usb 1-2: device descriptor read/64, error -71 [ 942.164188] usb 1-2: device descriptor read/64, error -71 [ 942.380189] usb 1-2: new high speed USB device using ehci_hcd and address 5 [ 942.504138] usb 1-2: device descriptor read/64, error -71 [ 942.732179] usb 1-2: device descriptor read/64, error -71 [ 942.948154] usb 1-2: new high speed USB device using ehci_hcd and address 6 [ 943.364134] usb 1-2: device not accepting address 6, error -71 [ 943.476172] usb 1-2: new high speed USB device using ehci_hcd and address 7 [ 943.892140] usb 1-2: device not accepting address 7, error -71 [ 943.892191] hub 1-0:1.0: unable to enumerate USB device on port 2 [ 944.296190] usb 2-2: new full speed USB device using uhci_hcd and address 3 [ 944.438251] usb 2-2: not running at top speed; connect to a high speed hub [ 944.709928] usbcore: registered new interface driver uas [ 944.729999] Initializing USB Mass Storage driver... [ 944.730509] scsi6 : usb-storage 2-2:1.0 [ 944.730908] usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage [ 944.730917] USB Mass Storage support registered. [ 945.736320] scsi 6:0:0:0: Direct-Access JetFlash Transcend 2GB 8.07 PQ: 0 ANSI: 2 [ 945.744547] sd 6:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg1 type 0 [ 945.753316] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] 3944448 512-byte logical blocks: (2.01 GB/1.88 GiB) [ 945.758274] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Write Protect is off [ 945.758288] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Mode Sense: 03 00 00 00 [ 945.765167] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] No Caching mode page present [ 945.765181] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through [ 945.784309] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] No Caching mode page present [ 945.784323] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through [ 946.239512] sdb: sdb1 [ 946.257279] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] No Caching mode page present [ 946.257292] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through [ 946.257302] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI removable disk Looks like there is something wrong the USB Drive.It is not recognised in any computer running Windows. Is there any way to fix this? Any idea why this problem occurred ?

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  • SCCM SP2 - OOB Management Certificates Problems

    - by Achinoam
    Hi experts, I have a vPro client computer with AMT 4.0. It was importeed successfully via the Import OOB Computers wizard, and after sending a "Hello- packet" it became provisioned. (The SCCM GUI displays AMT Status: Provisioned). But when I try to perform power operations on this machine, they always fail with the following lines in the log: AMT Operation Worker: Wakes up to process instruction files 7/29/2009 10:59:29 AM 2176 (0x0880) AMT Operation Worker: Wait 20 seconds... 7/29/2009 10:59:29 AM 2176 (0x0880) Auto-worker Thread Pool: Work thread 3884 started 7/29/2009 10:59:29 AM 3884 (0x0F2C) session params : https:/ / amt4.domaindemo.com:16993 , 11001 7/29/2009 10:59:29 AM 3884 (0x0F2C) ERROR: Invoke(invoke) failed: 80020009argNum = 0 7/29/2009 10:59:31 AM 3884 (0x0F2C) Description: A security error occurred 7/29/2009 10:59:31 AM 3884 (0x0F2C) Error: Failed to Invoke CIM_BootConfigSetting::ChangeBootOrder_INPUT action. 7/29/2009 10:59:31 AM 3884 (0x0F2C) AMT Operation Worker: AMT machine amt4.domaindemo.com can't be waken up. Error code: 0x80072F8F 7/29/2009 10:59:31 AM 3884 (0x0F2C) Auto-worker Thread Pool: Warning, Failed to run task this time. Will retry(1) it 7/29/2009 10:59:31 AM 3884 (0x0F2C) After investigation, I've seen that the problem occurs already on the 2nd stage of the provisioning: Start 2nd stage provision on AMT device amt4.domaindemo.com. 8/2/2009 4:55:12 PM 2944 (0x0B80) session params : https: / / amt4.domaindemo.com:16993 , 11001 8/2/2009 4:55:12 PM 2944 (0x0B80) Delete existing ACLs... 8/2/2009 4:55:12 PM 2944 (0x0B80) ERROR: Invoke(invoke) failed: 80020009argNum = 0 8/2/2009 4:55:14 PM 2944 (0x0B80) Description: A security error occurred 8/2/2009 4:55:14 PM 2944 (0x0B80) Error: Cannot Enumerate User Acl Entries. 8/2/2009 4:55:14 PM 2944 (0x0B80) Error: CSMSAMTProvTask::StartProvision Fail to call AMTWSManUtilities::DeleteACLs 8/2/2009 4:55:14 PM 2944 (0x0B80) Error: Can not finish WSMAN call with target device. 1. Check if there is a winhttp proxy to block connection. 2. Service point is trying to establish connection with wireless IP address of AMT firmware but wireless management has NOT enabled yet. AMT firmware doesn't support provision through wireless connection. 3. For greater than 3.x AMT, there is a known issue in AMT firmware that WSMAN will fail with FQDN longer than 44 bytes. (MachineId = 17) 8/2/2009 4:55:14 PM 2944 (0x0B80) STATMSG: ID=7208 SEV=E LEV=M SOURCE="SMS Server" COMP="SMS_AMT_OPERATION_MANAGER" SYS=JE-DEV-MS0 SITE=JR1 PID=1756 TID=2944 GMTDATE=Sun Aug 02 14:55:14.281 2009 ISTR0="amt4.domaindemo.com" ISTR1="amt4.domaindemo.com" ISTR2="" ISTR3="" ISTR4="" ISTR5="" ISTR6="" ISTR7="" ISTR8="" ISTR9="" NUMATTRS=0 8/2/2009 4:55:14 PM 2944 (0x0B80) This error is consistent with all the other 2nd stage provisioning tasks. (Add ACLs, Enable Web UI, etc.) I've opened the certification authority, and I see that the certificates were issued to the SCCM Site server instead of the AMT client! What could be the reason for this failure? What is the problematic definition for the certificate? Thank you in advance!!!

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  • SCCM SP2 - OOB Management Certificates Problems

    - by Achinoam
    I have a vPro client computer with AMT 4.0. It was importeed successfully via the Import OOB Computers wizard, and after sending a "Hello- packet" it became provisioned. (The SCCM GUI displays AMT Status: Provisioned). But when I try to perform power operations on this machine, they always fail with the following lines in the log: AMT Operation Worker: Wakes up to process instruction files 7/29/2009 10:59:29 AM 2176 (0x0880) AMT Operation Worker: Wait 20 seconds... 7/29/2009 10:59:29 AM 2176 (0x0880) Auto-worker Thread Pool: Work thread 3884 started 7/29/2009 10:59:29 AM 3884 (0x0F2C) session params : https:/ / amt4.domaindemo.com:16993 , 11001 7/29/2009 10:59:29 AM 3884 (0x0F2C) ERROR: Invoke(invoke) failed: 80020009argNum = 0 7/29/2009 10:59:31 AM 3884 (0x0F2C) Description: A security error occurred 7/29/2009 10:59:31 AM 3884 (0x0F2C) Error: Failed to Invoke CIM_BootConfigSetting::ChangeBootOrder_INPUT action. 7/29/2009 10:59:31 AM 3884 (0x0F2C) AMT Operation Worker: AMT machine amt4.domaindemo.com can't be waken up. Error code: 0x80072F8F 7/29/2009 10:59:31 AM 3884 (0x0F2C) Auto-worker Thread Pool: Warning, Failed to run task this time. Will retry(1) it 7/29/2009 10:59:31 AM 3884 (0x0F2C) After investigation, I've seen that the problem occurs already on the 2nd stage of the provisioning: Start 2nd stage provision on AMT device amt4.domaindemo.com. 8/2/2009 4:55:12 PM 2944 (0x0B80) session params : https: / / amt4.domaindemo.com:16993 , 11001 8/2/2009 4:55:12 PM 2944 (0x0B80) Delete existing ACLs... 8/2/2009 4:55:12 PM 2944 (0x0B80) ERROR: Invoke(invoke) failed: 80020009argNum = 0 8/2/2009 4:55:14 PM 2944 (0x0B80) Description: A security error occurred 8/2/2009 4:55:14 PM 2944 (0x0B80) Error: Cannot Enumerate User Acl Entries. 8/2/2009 4:55:14 PM 2944 (0x0B80) Error: CSMSAMTProvTask::StartProvision Fail to call AMTWSManUtilities::DeleteACLs 8/2/2009 4:55:14 PM 2944 (0x0B80) Error: Can not finish WSMAN call with target device. 1. Check if there is a winhttp proxy to block connection. 2. Service point is trying to establish connection with wireless IP address of AMT firmware but wireless management has NOT enabled yet. AMT firmware doesn't support provision through wireless connection. 3. For greater than 3.x AMT, there is a known issue in AMT firmware that WSMAN will fail with FQDN longer than 44 bytes. (MachineId = 17) 8/2/2009 4:55:14 PM 2944 (0x0B80) STATMSG: ID=7208 SEV=E LEV=M SOURCE="SMS Server" COMP="SMS_AMT_OPERATION_MANAGER" SYS=JE-DEV-MS0 SITE=JR1 PID=1756 TID=2944 GMTDATE=Sun Aug 02 14:55:14.281 2009 ISTR0="amt4.domaindemo.com" ISTR1="amt4.domaindemo.com" ISTR2="" ISTR3="" ISTR4="" ISTR5="" ISTR6="" ISTR7="" ISTR8="" ISTR9="" NUMATTRS=0 8/2/2009 4:55:14 PM 2944 (0x0B80) This error is consistent with all the other 2nd stage provisioning tasks. (Add ACLs, Enable Web UI, etc.) I've opened the certification authority, and I see that the certificates were issued to the SCCM Site server instead of the AMT client! What could be the reason for this failure? What is the problematic definition for the certificate? Thank you in advance!!!

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  • Help needed setting up nginx to serve static files.

    - by Catalina
    Hi Guys, I'm trying to setup nginx to serve static files. Basically all I need is to have http://mydomain.com/site_media/ point to /var/django/myproject/site_media. I have tried so many configurations and when I test it I always get a 404 error for static files. Can anyone please tell me what I'm doing wrong or how I should be setting this up? This is my current nginx configuration file. user www-data; worker_processes 1; #error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log; #pid /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 1024; use epoll; } http { # Enumerate all the Tornado servers here upstream frontends { server 127.0.0.1:8000; server 127.0.0.1:8001; server 127.0.0.1:8002; server 127.0.0.1:8003; } include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; #access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log; keepalive_timeout 65; proxy_read_timeout 200; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; tcp_nodelay on; gzip on; gzip_min_length 1000; gzip_proxied any; gzip_types text/plain text/html text/css text/xml application/x-javascript application/xml application/atom+xml text/javascript; proxy_next_upstream error; server { listen 80; # Allow file uploads client_max_body_size 50M; location ^~ /site_media/ { root /var/django/myproject/site_media; if ($query_string) { expires max; } } location = /favicon.ico { rewrite (.*) /site_media/favicon.ico; } location = /robots.txt { rewrite (.*) /site_media/robots.txt; } location / { proxy_pass_header Server; proxy_set_header Host $http_host; proxy_redirect off; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Scheme $scheme; proxy_pass http://frontends; } } #include /usr/local/nginx/sites-enabled/*; } Thanks, Cata

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  • Use ASP.NET 4 Browser Definitions with ASP.NET 3.5

    - by Stephen Walther
    We updated the browser definitions files included with ASP.NET 4 to include information on recent browsers and devices such as Google Chrome and the iPhone. You can use these browser definition files with earlier versions of ASP.NET such as ASP.NET 3.5. The updated browser definition files, and instructions for installing them, can be found here: http://aspnet.codeplex.com/releases/view/41420 The changes in the browser definition files can cause backwards compatibility issues when you upgrade an ASP.NET 3.5 web application to ASP.NET 4. If you encounter compatibility issues, you can install the old browser definition files in your ASP.NET 4 application. The old browser definition files are included in the download file referenced above. What’s New in the ASP.NET 4 Browser Definition Files The complete set of browsers supported by the new ASP.NET 4 browser definition files is represented by the following figure:     If you look carefully at the figure, you’ll notice that we added browser definitions for several types of recent browsers such as Internet Explorer 8, Firefox 3.5, Google Chrome, Opera 10, and Safari 4. Furthermore, notice that we now include browser definitions for several of the most popular mobile devices: BlackBerry, IPhone, IPod, and Windows Mobile (IEMobile). The mobile devices appear in the figure with a purple background color. To improve performance, we removed a whole lot of outdated browser definitions for old cell phones and mobile devices. We also cleaned up the information contained in the browser files. Here are some of the browser features that you can detect: Are you a mobile device? <%=Request.Browser.IsMobileDevice %> Are you an IPhone? <%=Request.Browser.MobileDeviceModel == "IPhone" %> What version of JavaScript do you support? <%=Request.Browser["javascriptversion"] %> What layout engine do you use? <%=Request.Browser["layoutEngine"] %>   Here’s what you would get if you displayed the value of these properties using Internet Explorer 8: Here’s what you get when you use Google Chrome: Testing Browser Settings When working with browser definition files, it is useful to have some way to test the capability information returned when you request a page with different browsers. You can use the following method to return the HttpBrowserCapabilities the corresponds to a particular user agent string and set of browser headers: public HttpBrowserCapabilities GetBrowserCapabilities(string userAgent, NameValueCollection headers) { HttpBrowserCapabilities browserCaps = new HttpBrowserCapabilities(); Hashtable hashtable = new Hashtable(180, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase); hashtable[string.Empty] = userAgent; // The actual method uses client target browserCaps.Capabilities = hashtable; var capsFactory = new System.Web.Configuration.BrowserCapabilitiesFactory(); capsFactory.ConfigureBrowserCapabilities(headers, browserCaps); capsFactory.ConfigureCustomCapabilities(headers, browserCaps); return browserCaps; } At the end of this blog entry, there is a link to download a simple Visual Studio 2008 project – named Browser Definition Test -- that uses this method to display capability information for arbitrary user agent strings. For example, if you enter the user agent string for an iPhone then you get the results in the following figure: The Browser Definition Test application enables you to submit a user-agent string and display a table of browser capabilities information. The browser definition files contain sample user-agent strings for each browser definition. I got the iPhone user-agent string from the comments in the iphone.browser file. Enumerating Browser Definitions Someone asked in the comments whether or not there is a way to enumerate all of the browser definitions. You can do this if you ware willing to use a little reflection and read a private property. The browser definition files in the config\browsers folder get parsed into a class named BrowserCapabilitesFactory. After you run the aspnet_regbrowsers tool, you can see the source for this class in the config\browser folder by opening a file named BrowserCapsFactory.cs. The BrowserCapabilitiesFactoryBase class has a protected property named BrowserElements that represents a Hashtable of all of the browser definitions. Here's how you can read this protected property and display the ID for all of the browser definitions: var propInfo = typeof(BrowserCapabilitiesFactory).GetProperty("BrowserElements", BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Instance); Hashtable browserDefinitions = (Hashtable)propInfo.GetValue(new BrowserCapabilitiesFactory(), null); foreach (var key in browserDefinitions.Keys) { Response.Write("" + key); } If you run this code using Visual Studio 2008 then you get the following results: You get a huge number of outdated browsers and devices. In all, 449 browser definitions are listed. If you run this code using Visual Studio 2010 then you get the following results: In the case of Visual Studio 2010, all the old browsers and devices have been removed and you get only 19 browser definitions. Conclusion The updated browser definition files included in ASP.NET 4 provide more accurate information for recent browsers and devices. If you would like to test the new browser definitions with different user-agent strings then I recommend that you download the Browser Definition Test project: Browser Definition Test Project

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  • Updating the managed debugging API for .NET v4

    - by Brian Donahue
    In any successful investigation, the right tools play a big part in collecting evidence about the state of the "crime scene" as it was before the detectives arrived. Unfortunately for the Crash Scene Investigator, we don't have the budget to fly out to the customer's site, chalk the outline, and eat their doughnuts. We have to rely on the end-user to collect the evidence for us, which means giving them the fingerprint dust and the evidence baggies and leaving them to it. With that in mind, the Red Gate support team have been writing tools that can collect vital clues with a minimum of fuss. Years ago we would have asked for a memory dump, where we used to get the customer to run CDB.exe and produce dumps that we could analyze in-house, but those dumps were pretty unwieldy (500MB files) and the debugger often didn't dump exactly where we wanted, or made five or more dumps. What we wanted was just the minimum state information from the program at the time of failure, so we produced a managed debugger that captured every first and second-chance exception and logged the stack and a minimal amount of variables from the memory of the application, which could all be exported as XML. This caused less inconvenience to the end-user because it is much easier to send a 65KB XML file in an email than a 500MB file containing all of the application's memory. We don't need to have the entire victim shipped out to us when we just want to know what was under the fingernails. The thing that made creating a managed debugging tool possible was the MDbg Engine example written by Microsoft as part of the Debugging Tools for Windows distribution. Since the ICorDebug interface is a bit difficult to understand, they had kindly created some wrappers that provided an event-driven debugging model that was perfect for our needs, but .NET 4 applications under debugging started complaining that "The debugger's protocol is incompatible with the debuggee". The introduction of .NET Framework v4 had changed the managed debugging API significantly, however, without an update for the MDbg Engine code! After a few hours of research, I had finally worked out that most of the version 4 ICorDebug interface still works much the same way in "legacy" v2 mode and there was a relatively easy fix for the problem in that you can still get a reference to legacy ICorDebug by changing the way the interface is created. In .NET v2, the interface was acquired using the CreateDebuggingInterfaceFromVersion method in mscoree.dll. In v4, you must first create IClrMetaHost, enumerate the runtimes, get an ICLRRuntimeInfo interface to the .NET 4 runtime from that, and use the GetInterface method in mscoree.dll to return a "legacy" ICorDebug interface. The rest of the MDbg Engine will continue working the old way. Here is how I had changed the MDbg Engine code to support .NET v4: private void InitFromVersion(string debuggerVersion){if( debuggerVersion.StartsWith("v1") ){throw new ArgumentException( "Can't debug a version 1 CLR process (\"" + debuggerVersion + "\"). Run application in a version 2 CLR, or use a version 1 debugger instead." );} ICorDebug rawDebuggingAPI=null;if (debuggerVersion.StartsWith("v4")){Guid CLSID_MetaHost = new Guid("9280188D-0E8E-4867-B30C-7FA83884E8DE"); Guid IID_MetaHost = new Guid("D332DB9E-B9B3-4125-8207-A14884F53216"); ICLRMetaHost metahost = (ICLRMetaHost)NativeMethods.ClrCreateInterface(CLSID_MetaHost, IID_MetaHost); IEnumUnknown runtimes = metahost.EnumerateInstalledRuntimes(); ICLRRuntimeInfo runtime = GetRuntime(runtimes, debuggerVersion); //Defined in metahost.hGuid CLSID_CLRDebuggingLegacy = new Guid(0xDF8395B5, 0xA4BA, 0x450b, 0xA7, 0x7C, 0xA9, 0xA4, 0x77, 0x62, 0xC5, 0x20);Guid IID_ICorDebug = new Guid("3D6F5F61-7538-11D3-8D5B-00104B35E7EF"); Object res;runtime.GetInterface(ref CLSID_CLRDebuggingLegacy, ref IID_ICorDebug, out res); rawDebuggingAPI = (ICorDebug)res; }elserawDebuggingAPI = NativeMethods.CreateDebuggingInterfaceFromVersion((int)CorDebuggerVersion.Whidbey,debuggerVersion);if (rawDebuggingAPI != null)InitFromICorDebug(rawDebuggingAPI);elsethrow new ArgumentException("Support for debugging version " + debuggerVersion + " is not yet implemented");} The changes above will ensure that the debugger can support .NET Framework v2 and v4 applications with the same codebase, but we do compile two different applications: one targeting v2 and the other v4. As a footnote I need to add that some missing native methods and wrappers, along with the EnumerateRuntimes method code, came from the Mindbg project on Codeplex. Another change is that when using the MDbgEngine.CreateProcess to launch a process in the debugger, do not supply a null as the final argument. This does not work any more because GetCORVersion always returns "v2.0.50727" as the function has been deprecated in .NET v4. What's worse is that on a system with only .NET 4, the user will be prompted to download and install .NET v2! Not nice! This works much better: proc = m_Debugger.CreateProcess(ProcessName, ProcessArgs, DebugModeFlag.Default,String.Format("v{0}.{1}.{2}",System.Environment.Version.Major,System.Environment.Version.Minor,System.Environment.Version.Build)); Microsoft "unofficially" plan on updating the MDbg samples soon, but if you have an MDbg-based application, you can get it working right now by changing one method a bit and adding a few new interfaces (ICLRMetaHost, IEnumUnknown, and ICLRRuntimeInfo). The new, non-legacy implementation of MDbg Engine will add new, interesting features like dump-file support and by association I assume garbage-collection/managed object stats, so it will be well worth looking into if you want to extend the functionality of a managed debugger going forward.

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  • Using Web Services from an XNA 4.0 WP7 Game

    - by Michael Cummings
    Now that the Windows Phone 7 development tools have been out for a while, let’s talk about how you can use them. Windows Phone 7 ( WP7 ) has two application types that you can create, either Silverlight or XNA, and you can’t really mix the two together. The development environment for WP7 is a special edition of Visual Studio 2010 called Visual Studio 2010 Express for Windows Phone. This edition will be installed with the WP7 tools, even if you have a full edition of VS2010 already installed. While you can use your full edition of VS2010 to do WP7 development, this astute developer has noticed that there are a few things that you can only do in the Express for Windows Phone edition. So lets start by discussing WP7 networking. On the WP7 platform the only networking available is through Web Services using WCF or if you’re really masochistic, you’ll use the WebClient to do http. In Silverlight, it’s fairly easy to wire up a WCF proxy to call a web service and get some data. In the XNA projects, not so much. Create WCF Service First, we’ll create our service that will return some information that we need in our game. Open Visual Studio 2010, and create a new WCF Web Service project. We’ll use the default implementation as we only need to see how to use a service, we are not interested in creating a really cool service at this point. However you may want to follow the instructions in the comments of Service1.svc.cs to change the name to something better, I used DataService and IDataService for the interface. You should now be able to run the project and the WCF Test Client will load and properly enumerate your service. At this point we have a functional service that can be consumed by our XNA game. Consume the WCF Service Open Visual Studio 2010 Express for Windows Phone and create a new XNA Game Studio 4.0 Windows Phone Game project. Now if you try to add a service reference to the project, you’ll notice that the option is not available. However, if you add a Silverlight application to your solution, you’ll notice that you can create a service reference there. So using the Silverlight project, we can create the service reference. Unfortunately you can’t reference the Silverlight project from the XNA Game project, so using Windows Explorer copy the Service References folder from the Silverlight project directory to the XNA Game project directory, then add the folder to your XNA Game project. You’ll need to set the property Build Action to None for all the files, except for Reference.cs, which should be Build. Truely, we only need Reference.cs but I find it easier to copy the whole folder. If you try to compile at this point, you’ll notice that we are missing  a couple of references, System.Runtime.Serialization, System.Net and System.ServiceModel. Add these to the XNA Game project and you should build successfully. You’ll also need to copy the ServiceReference.ClientConfig file and add it to your project. The WCF infrastructure looks for this file and will complain if it can’t find it. You’ll need to set the Copy to Output Directory property to Copy if Newer. We now need to add the code to call the service and display the results on the screen. Go ahead and add a SpriteFont resource to the Content project and load it in the Game project. There’s nothing here that’s changed much from 3.1 other than your Content project is now under the Solution node and not the Project node. While you’re at it, add a string field to store the result of the service call, and intialize it to string.Empty. Then in the Draw method, write the string out to the screen, only if it does not equal string.Empty. Now to wrap this up, lets create a new field that’s of the type DataServiceClient. In the Initialize Method, create a new instance of this type using its default contructor, then in the LoadContent we can call the service. Since we can only call the GetData method of our service asynchronously we need to set up a Completed event handler first. Thankfully, Visual Studio helps out a lot there just create, using the tab key whatever VS says to. In the GetDataAsyncCompleted event handler assign the service result ( e.Result) to your string field. If you run your game, you should get something like this : Enjoy!

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  • Displaying text letter by letter

    - by Evi
    I am planing to Write a Text adventure and I don't know how to make the text draw letter by letter in any other way than changing the variable from h to he to hel to hell to hello That would be a terrible amount of work since there are tons of dialogue. Here is the source code so far { /// <summary> /// This is the main type for your game /// </summary> public class Game1 : Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game { GraphicsDeviceManager graphics; SpriteBatch spriteBatch; Texture2D sampleBG; Texture2D TextBG; SpriteFont defaultfont; KeyboardState keyboardstate; public bool spacepress = false; public bool mspress = false; public int textheight = 425; public int rowspace = 40; public string namebox = "(null)"; public string Row1 = "(null)"; public string Row2 = "(null)"; public string Row3 = "(null)"; public string Row4 = "(null)"; public int Dialogue = 0; public Game1() { graphics = new GraphicsDeviceManager(this); Content.RootDirectory = "Content"; graphics.PreferredBackBufferHeight = 600; graphics.PreferredBackBufferWidth = 800; IsMouseVisible = true; } /// <summary> /// Allows the game to perform any initialization it needs to before starting to run. /// This is where it can query for any required services and load any non-graphic /// related content. Calling base.Initialize will enumerate through any components /// and initialize them as well. /// </summary> protected override void Initialize() { // TODO: Add your initialization logic here base.Initialize(); } /// <summary> /// LoadContent will be called once per game and is the place to load /// all of your content. /// </summary> protected override void LoadContent() { // Create a new SpriteBatch, which can be used to draw textures. spriteBatch = new SpriteBatch(GraphicsDevice); // TODO: use this.Content to load your game content here sampleBG = Content.Load <Texture2D>("SampleBG"); defaultfont = Content.Load<SpriteFont>("SpriteFont1"); TextBG = Content.Load<Texture2D>("textbg"); } /// <summary> /// UnloadContent will be called once per game and is the place to unload /// all content. /// </summary> protected override void UnloadContent() { // TODO: Unload any non ContentManager content here } /// <summary> /// Allows the game to run logic such as updating the world, /// checking for collisions, gathering input, and playing audio. /// </summary> /// <param name="gameTime">Provides a snapshot of timing values.</param> protected override void Update(GameTime gameTime) { KeyboardState keyboardstate = Keyboard.GetState(); MouseState mousestate = Mouse.GetState(); // Changes Dialgue by pressing Left Mouse Button or Space #region Dialogue changer if (mousestate.LeftButton == ButtonState.Pressed && mspress == false) { mspress = true; Dialogue = Dialogue + 1; } if (mousestate.LeftButton == ButtonState.Released && mspress == true) { mspress = false; } if (keyboardstate.IsKeyDown(Keys.Space) && spacepress == false) { spacepress = true; Dialogue = Dialogue + 1; } if (keyboardstate.IsKeyUp(Keys.Space) && spacepress == true) { spacepress = false; } #endregion // ------------------------------------------------------ // Dialgue Content #region Dialgue if (Dialogue == 1) { Row1 = "Input Text 1 Here."; Row2 = "Input Text 2 Here."; Row3 = "Input Text 3 Here."; Row4 = "Input Text 4 Here."; } if (Dialogue == 2) { Row1 = "Text 1"; Row2 = "Text 2"; Row3 = "Text 3"; Row4 = "Text 4"; } #endregion // ------------------------------------------------------ base.Update(gameTime); } /// <summary> /// This is called when the game should draw itself. /// </summary> /// <param name="gameTime">Provides a snapshot of timing values.</param> protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.CornflowerBlue); // TODO: Add your drawing code here spriteBatch.Begin(); spriteBatch.Draw(sampleBG, new Rectangle(0, 0, 800, 600), Color.White); spriteBatch.Draw(TextBG, new Rectangle(0, 400, 800, 200), Color.White); spriteBatch.DrawString(defaultfont, Row1, new Vector2(10, (textheight + (rowspace * 0))), Color.Black); spriteBatch.DrawString(defaultfont, Row2, new Vector2(10, (textheight + (rowspace * 1))), Color.Black); spriteBatch.DrawString(defaultfont, Row3, new Vector2(10, (textheight + (rowspace * 2))), Color.Black); spriteBatch.DrawString(defaultfont, Row4, new Vector2(10, (textheight + (rowspace * 3))), Color.Black); spriteBatch.End(); base.Draw(gameTime); } } }

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  • How to draw textures on a model

    - by marc wellman
    The following code is a complete XNA 3.1 program almost unaltered to that code skeleton Visual Studio is creating when creating a new project. The only things I have changed are imported a .x model to the content folder of the VS solution. (the model is a simple square with a texture spanning over it - made in Google Sketchup and exported with several .x exporters) in the Load() method I am loading the .x model into the game. The Draw() method uses a BasicEffect to render the model. Except these three things I haven't added any code. Why does the model does not show the texture ? What can I do to make the texture visible ? This is the texture file (a standard SketchUp texture from the palette): And this is what my program looks like - as you can see: No texture! Find below the complete source code of the program AND the complete .x file: namespace WindowsGame1 { /// <summary> /// This is the main type for your game /// </summary> public class Game1 : Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game { GraphicsDeviceManager graphics; SpriteBatch spriteBatch; public Game1() { graphics = new GraphicsDeviceManager(this); Content.RootDirectory = "Content"; } /// <summary> /// Allows the game to perform any initialization it needs to before starting to run. /// This is where it can query for any required services and load any non-graphic /// related content. Calling base.Initialize will enumerate through any components /// and initialize them as well. /// </summary> protected override void Initialize() { // TODO: Add your initialization logic here base.Initialize(); } Model newModel; /// <summary> /// LoadContent will be called once per game and is the place to load /// all of your content. /// </summary> protected override void LoadContent() { // Create a new SpriteBatch, which can be used to draw textures. spriteBatch = new SpriteBatch(GraphicsDevice); // TODO: usse this.Content to load your game content here newModel = Content.Load<Model>(@"aau3d"); foreach (ModelMesh mesh in newModel.Meshes) { foreach (ModelMeshPart meshPart in mesh.MeshParts) { meshPart.Effect = new BasicEffect(this.GraphicsDevice, null); } } } /// <summary> /// UnloadContent will be called once per game and is the place to unload /// all content. /// </summary> protected override void UnloadContent() { // TODO: Unload any non ContentManager content here } /// <summary> /// Allows the game to run logic such as updating the world, /// checking for collisions, gathering input, and playing audio. /// </summary> /// <param name="gameTime">Provides a snapshot of timing values.</param> protected override void Update(GameTime gameTime) { // Allows the game to exit if (GamePad.GetState(PlayerIndex.One).Buttons.Back == ButtonState.Pressed) this.Exit(); // TODO: Add your update logic here base.Update(gameTime); } /// <summary> /// This is called when the game should draw itself. /// </summary> /// <param name="gameTime">Provides a snapshot of timing values.</param> protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { if (newModel != null) { GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.CornflowerBlue); Matrix[] transforms = new Matrix[newModel.Bones.Count]; newModel.CopyAbsoluteBoneTransformsTo(transforms); foreach (ModelMesh mesh in newModel.Meshes) { foreach (BasicEffect effect in mesh.Effects) { effect.EnableDefaultLighting(); effect.TextureEnabled = true; effect.World = transforms[mesh.ParentBone.Index] * Matrix.CreateRotationY(0) * Matrix.CreateTranslation(new Vector3(0, 0, 0)); effect.View = Matrix.CreateLookAt(new Vector3(200, 1000, 200), Vector3.Zero, Vector3.Up); effect.Projection = Matrix.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView(MathHelper.ToRadians(45.0f), 0.75f, 1.0f, 10000.0f); } mesh.Draw(); } } base.Draw(gameTime); } } } This is the model I am using (.x): xof 0303txt 0032 // SketchUp 6 -> DirectX (c)2008 edecadoudal, supports: faces, normals and textures Material Default_Material{ 1.0;1.0;1.0;1.0;; 3.2; 0.000000;0.000000;0.000000;; 0.000000;0.000000;0.000000;; } Material _Groundcover_RiverRock_4inch_{ 0.568627450980392;0.494117647058824;0.427450980392157;1.0;; 3.2; 0.000000;0.000000;0.000000;; 0.000000;0.000000;0.000000;; TextureFilename { "aau3d.xGroundcover_RiverRock_4inch.jpg"; } } Mesh mesh_0{ 4; -81.6535;0.0000;74.8031;, -0.0000;0.0000;0.0000;, -81.6535;0.0000;0.0000;, -0.0000;0.0000;74.8031;; 2; 3;0,1,2, 3;1,0,3;; MeshMaterialList { 2; 2; 1, 1; { Default_Material } { _Groundcover_RiverRock_4inch_ } } MeshTextureCoords { 4; -2.1168,-3.4022; 1.0000,-0.0000; 1.0000,-3.4022; -2.1168,-0.0000;; } MeshNormals { 4; 0.0000;1.0000;-0.0000; 0.0000;1.0000;-0.0000; 0.0000;1.0000;-0.0000; 0.0000;1.0000;-0.0000;; 2; 3;0,1,2; 3;1,0,3;; } }

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  • Team Foundation Server (TFS) Team Build Custom Activity C# Code for Assembly Stamping

    - by Bob Hardister
    For the full context and guidance on how to develop and implement a custom activity in Team Build see the Microsoft Visual Studio Rangers Team Foundation Build Customization Guide V.1 at http://vsarbuildguide.codeplex.com/ There are many ways to stamp or set the version number of your assemblies. This approach is based on the build number.   namespace CustomActivities { using System; using System.Activities; using System.IO; using System.Text.RegularExpressions; using Microsoft.TeamFoundation.Build.Client; [BuildActivity(HostEnvironmentOption.Agent)] public sealed class VersionAssemblies : CodeActivity { /// <summary> /// AssemblyInfoFileMask /// </summary> [RequiredArgument] public InArgument<string> AssemblyInfoFileMask { get; set; } /// <summary> /// SourcesDirectory /// </summary> [RequiredArgument] public InArgument<string> SourcesDirectory { get; set; } /// <summary> /// BuildNumber /// </summary> [RequiredArgument] public InArgument<string> BuildNumber { get; set; } /// <summary> /// BuildDirectory /// </summary> [RequiredArgument] public InArgument<string> BuildDirectory { get; set; } /// <summary> /// Publishes field values to the build report /// </summary> public OutArgument<string> DiagnosticTextOut { get; set; } // If your activity returns a value, derive from CodeActivity<TResult> and return the value from the Execute method. protected override void Execute(CodeActivityContext context) { // Obtain the runtime value of the input arguments string sourcesDirectory = context.GetValue(this.SourcesDirectory); string assemblyInfoFileMask = context.GetValue(this.AssemblyInfoFileMask); string buildNumber = context.GetValue(this.BuildNumber); string buildDirectory = context.GetValue(this.BuildDirectory); // ** Determine the version number values ** // Note: the format used here is: major.secondary.maintenance.build // ----------------------------------------------------------------- // Obtain the build definition name int nameStart = buildDirectory.LastIndexOf(@"\") + 1; string buildDefinitionName = buildDirectory.Substring(nameStart); // Set the primary.secondary.maintenance values // NOTE: these are hard coded in this example, but could be sourced from a file or parsed from a build definition name that includes them string p = "1"; string s = "5"; string m = "2"; // Initialize the build number string b; string na = "0"; // used for Assembly and Product Version instead of build number (see versioning best practices: **TBD reference) // Set qualifying product version information string productInfo = "RC2"; // Obtain the build increment number from the build number // NOTE: this code assumes the default build definition name format int buildIncrementNumberDelimterIndex = buildNumber.LastIndexOf("."); b = buildNumber.Substring(buildIncrementNumberDelimterIndex + 1); // Convert version to integer values int pVer = Convert.ToInt16(p); int sVer = Convert.ToInt16(s); int mVer = Convert.ToInt16(m); int bNum = Convert.ToInt16(b); int naNum = Convert.ToInt16(na); // ** Get all AssemblyInfo files and stamp them ** // Note: the mapping of AssemblyInfo.cs attributes to assembly display properties are as follows: // - AssemblyVersion = Assembly Version - used for the assembly version (does not change unless p, s or m values are changed) // - AssemblyFileVersion = File Version - used for the file version (changes with every build) // - AssemblyInformationalVersion = Product Version - used for the product version (can include additional version information) // ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Version assemblyVersion = new Version(pVer, sVer, mVer, naNum); Version newAssemblyFileVersion = new Version(pVer, sVer, mVer, bNum); Version productVersion = new Version(pVer, sVer, mVer); // Setup diagnostic fields int numberOfReplacements = 0; string addedAssemblyInformationalAttribute = "No"; // Enumerate over the assemblyInfo version attributes foreach (string attribute in new[] { "AssemblyVersion", "AssemblyFileVersion", "AssemblyInformationalVersion" }) { // Define the regular expression to find in each and every Assemblyinfo.cs files (which is for example 'AssemblyVersion("1.0.0.0")' ) Regex regex = new Regex(attribute + @"\(""\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+""\)"); foreach (string file in Directory.EnumerateFiles(sourcesDirectory, assemblyInfoFileMask, SearchOption.AllDirectories)) { string text = File.ReadAllText(file); // Read the text from the AssemblyInfo file // If the AsemblyInformationalVersion attribute is not in the file, add it as the last line of the file // Note: by default the AssemblyInfo.cs files will not contain the AssemblyInformationalVersion attribute if (!text.Contains("[assembly: AssemblyInformationalVersion(\"")) { string lastLine = Environment.NewLine + "[assembly: AssemblyInformationalVersion(\"1.0.0.0\")]"; text = text + lastLine; addedAssemblyInformationalAttribute = "Yes"; } // Search for the expression Match match = regex.Match(text); if (match.Success) { // Get file attributes FileAttributes fileAttributes = File.GetAttributes(file); // Set file to read only File.SetAttributes(file, fileAttributes & ~FileAttributes.ReadOnly); // Insert AssemblyInformationalVersion attribute into the file text if does not already exist string newText = string.Empty; if (attribute == "AssemblyVersion") { newText = regex.Replace(text, attribute + "(\"" + assemblyVersion + "\")"); numberOfReplacements++; } if (attribute == "AssemblyFileVersion") { newText = regex.Replace(text, attribute + "(\"" + newAssemblyFileVersion + "\")"); numberOfReplacements++; } if (attribute == "AssemblyInformationalVersion") { newText = regex.Replace(text, attribute + "(\"" + productVersion + " " + productInfo + "\")"); numberOfReplacements++; } // Publish diagnostics to build report (diagnostic verbosity only) context.SetValue(this.DiagnosticTextOut, " Added AssemblyInformational Attribute: " + addedAssemblyInformationalAttribute + " Number of replacements: " + numberOfReplacements + " Build number: " + buildNumber + " Build directory: " + buildDirectory + " Build definition name: " + buildDefinitionName + " Assembly version: " + assemblyVersion + " New file version: " + newAssemblyFileVersion + " Product version: " + productVersion + " AssemblyInfo.cs Text Last Stamped: " + newText); // Write the new text in the AssemblyInfo file File.WriteAllText(file, newText); // restore the file's original attributes File.SetAttributes(file, fileAttributes); } } } } } }

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  • NDepend Evaluation: Part 3

    - by Anthony Trudeau
    NDepend is a Visual Studio add-in designed for intense code analysis with the goal of high code quality. NDepend uses a number of metrics and aggregates the data in pleasing static and active visual reports. My evaluation of NDepend will be broken up into several different parts. In the first part of the evaluation I looked at installing the add-in.  And in the last part I went over my first impressions including an overview of the features.  In this installment I provide a little more detail on a few of the features that I really like. Dependency Matrix The dependency matrix is one of the rich visual components provided with NDepend.  At a glance it lets you know where you have coupling problems including cycles.  It does this with number indicating the weight of the dependency and a color-coding that indicates the nature of the dependency. Green and blue cells are direct dependencies (with the difference being whether the relationship is from row-to-column or column-to-row).  Black cells are the ones that you really want to know about.  These indicate that you have a cycle.  That is, type A refers to type B and type B also refers to Type A. But, that’s not the end of the story.  A handy pop-up appears when you hover over the cell in question.  It explains the color, the dependency, and provides several interesting links that will teach you more than you want to know about the dependency. You can double-click the problem cells to explode the dependency.  That will show the dependencies on a method-by-method basis allowing you to more easily target and fix the problem.  When you’re done you can click the back button on the toolbar. Dependency Graph The dependency graph is another component provided.  It’s complementary to the dependency matrix, but it isn’t as easy to identify dependency issues using the window. On a positive note, it does provide more information than the matrix. My biggest issue with the dependency graph is determining what is shown.  This was not readily obvious.  I ended up using the navigation buttons to get an acceptable view.  I would have liked to choose what I see. Once you see the types you want you can get a decent idea of coupling strength based on the width of the dependency lines.  Double-arrowed lines are problematic and are shown in red.  The size of the boxes will be related to the metric being displayed.  This is controlled using the Box Size drop-down in the toolbar.  Personally, I don’t find the size of the box to be helpful, so I change it to Constant Font. One nice thing about the display is that you can see the entire path of dependencies when you hover over a type.  This is done by color-coding the dependencies and dependants.  It would be nice if selecting the box for the type would lock the highlighting in place. I did find a perhaps unintended work-around to the color-coding.  You can lock the color-coding in by hovering over the type, right-clicking, and then clicking on the canvas area to clear the pop-up menu.  You can then do whatever with it including saving it to an image file with the color-coding. CQL NDepend uses a code query language (CQL) to work with your code just like it was a database.  CQL cannot be confused with the robustness of T-SQL or even LINQ, but it represents an impressive attempt at providing an expressive way to enumerate and interrogate your code. There are two main windows you’ll use when working with CQL.  The CQL Query Explorer allows you to define what queries (rules) are run as part of a report – I immediately unselected rules that I don’t want in my results.  The CQL Query Edit window is where you can view or author your own rules.  The explorer window is pretty self-explanatory, so I won’t mention it further other than to say that any queries you author will appear in the custom group. Authoring your own queries is really hard to screw-up.  The Intellisense-like pop-ups tell you what you can do while making composition easy.  I was able to create a query within two minutes of playing with the editor.  My query warns if any types that are interfaces don’t start with an “I”. WARN IF Count > 0 IN SELECT TYPES WHERE IsInterface AND !NameLike “I” The results from the CQL Query Edit window are immediate. That fact makes it useful for ad hoc querying.  It’s worth mentioning two things that could make the experience smoother.  First, out of habit from using Visual Studio I expect to be able to scroll and press Tab to select an item in the list (like Intellisense).  You have to press Enter when you scroll to the item you want.  Second, the commands are case-sensitive.  I don’t see a really good reason to enforce that. CQL has a lot of potential not just in enforcing code quality, but also enforcing architectural constraints that your enterprise has defined. Up Next My next update will be the final part of the evaluation.  I will summarize my experience and provide my conclusions on the NDepend add-in. ** View Part 1 of the Evaluation ** ** View Part 2 of the Evaluation ** Disclaimer: Patrick Smacchia contacted me about reviewing NDepend. I received a free license in return for sharing my experiences and talking about the capabilities of the add-in on this site. There is no expectation of a positive review elicited from the author of NDepend.

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  • Python Memory leak - Solved, but still puzzled

    - by disappearedng
    Dear everyone, I have successfully debugged my own memory leak problems. However, I have noticed some very strange occurence. for fid, fv in freqDic.iteritems(): outf.write(fid+"\t") #ID for i, term in enumerate(domain): #Vector tfidf = self.tf(term, fv) * self.idf( term, docFreqDic) if i == len(domain) - 1: outf.write("%f\n" % tfidf) else: outf.write("%f\t" % tfidf) outf.flush() print "Memory increased by", int(self.memory_mon.usage()) - startMemory outf.close() def tf(self, term, freqVector): total = freqVector[TOTAL] if total == 0: return 0 if term not in freqVector: ## When you don't have these lines memory leaks occurs return 0 ## return float(freqVector[term]) / freqVector[TOTAL] def idf(self, term, docFrequencyPerTerm): if term not in docFrequencyPerTerm: return 0 return math.log( float(docFrequencyPerTerm[TOTAL])/docFrequencyPerTerm[term]) Basically let me describe my problem: 1) I am doing tfidf calculations 2) I traced that the source of memory leaks is coming from defaultdict. 3) I am using the memory_mon from http://stackoverflow.com/questions/276052/how-to-get-current-cpu-and-ram-usage-in-python 4) The reason for my memory leaks is as follows: a) in self.tf, if the lines: if term not in freqVector: return 0 are not added that will cause the memory leak. (I verified this myself using memory_mon and noticed a sharp increase in memory that kept on increasing) The solution to my problem was 1) since fv is a defaultdict, any reference to it that are not found in fv will create an entry. Over a very large domain, this will cause memory leaks. I decided to use dict instead of default dict and the memory problem did go away. My only puzzle is: since fv is created in "for fid, fv in freqDic.iteritems():" shouldn't fv be destroyed at the end of every for loop? I tried putting gc.collect() at the end of the for loop but gc was not able to collect everything (returns 0). Yes, the hypothesis is right, but the memory should stay fairly consistent with ever for loop if for loops do destroy all temp variables. This is what it looks like with that two line in self.tf: Memory increased by 12 Memory increased by 948 Memory increased by 28 Memory increased by 36 Memory increased by 36 Memory increased by 32 Memory increased by 28 Memory increased by 32 Memory increased by 32 Memory increased by 32 Memory increased by 40 Memory increased by 32 Memory increased by 32 Memory increased by 28 and without the the two line: Memory increased by 1652 Memory increased by 3576 Memory increased by 4220 Memory increased by 5760 Memory increased by 7296 Memory increased by 8840 Memory increased by 10456 Memory increased by 12824 Memory increased by 13460 Memory increased by 15000 Memory increased by 17448 Memory increased by 18084 Memory increased by 19628 Memory increased by 22080 Memory increased by 22708 Memory increased by 24248 Memory increased by 26704 Memory increased by 27332 Memory increased by 28864 Memory increased by 30404 Memory increased by 32856 Memory increased by 33552 Memory increased by 35024 Memory increased by 36564 Memory increased by 39016 Memory increased by 39924 Memory increased by 42104 Memory increased by 42724 Memory increased by 44268 Memory increased by 46720 Memory increased by 47352 Memory increased by 48952 Memory increased by 50428 Memory increased by 51964 Memory increased by 53508 Memory increased by 55960 Memory increased by 56584 Memory increased by 58404 Memory increased by 59668 Memory increased by 61208 Memory increased by 62744 Memory increased by 64400 I look forward to your answer

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  • Using scipy.interpolate.splrep function

    - by Koustav Ghosal
    I am trying to fit a cubic spline to a given set of points. My points are not ordered. I CANNOT sort or reorder the points, since I need that information. But since the function scipy.interpolate.splrep works only on non-duplicate and monotonically increasing points I have defined a function that maps the x-coordinates to a monotonically increasing space. My old points are: xpoints=[4913.0, 4912.0, 4914.0, 4913.0, 4913.0, 4913.0, 4914.0, 4915.0, 4918.0, 4921.0, 4925.0, 4932.0, 4938.0, 4945.0, 4950.0, 4954.0, 4955.0, 4957.0, 4956.0, 4953.0, 4949.0, 4943.0, 4933.0, 4921.0, 4911.0, 4898.0, 4886.0, 4874.0, 4865.0, 4858.0, 4853.0, 4849.0, 4848.0, 4849.0, 4851.0, 4858.0, 4864.0, 4869.0, 4877.0, 4884.0, 4893.0, 4903.0, 4913.0, 4923.0, 4935.0, 4947.0, 4959.0, 4970.0, 4981.0, 4991.0, 5000.0, 5005.0, 5010.0, 5015.0, 5019.0, 5020.0, 5021.0, 5023.0, 5025.0, 5027.0, 5027.0, 5028.0, 5028.0, 5030.0, 5031.0, 5033.0, 5035.0, 5037.0, 5040.0, 5043.0] ypoints=[10557.0, 10563.0, 10567.0, 10571.0, 10575.0, 10577.0, 10578.0, 10581.0, 10582.0, 10582.0, 10582.0, 10581.0, 10578.0, 10576.0, 10572.0, 10567.0, 10560.0, 10550.0, 10541.0, 10531.0, 10520.0, 10511.0, 10503.0, 10496.0, 10490.0, 10487.0, 10488.0, 10488.0, 10490.0, 10495.0, 10504.0, 10513.0, 10523.0, 10533.0, 10542.0, 10550.0, 10556.0, 10559.0, 10560.0, 10559.0, 10555.0, 10550.0, 10543.0, 10533.0, 10522.0, 10514.0, 10505.0, 10496.0, 10490.0, 10486.0, 10482.0, 10481.0, 10482.0, 10486.0, 10491.0, 10497.0, 10506.0, 10516.0, 10524.0, 10534.0, 10544.0, 10552.0, 10558.0, 10564.0, 10569.0, 10573.0, 10576.0, 10578.0, 10581.0, 10582.0] Plots: The code for the mapping function and interpolation is: xnew=[] ynew=ypoints for c3,i in enumerate(xpoints): if np.isfinite(np.log(i*pow(2,c3))): xnew.append(np.log(i*pow(2,c3))) else: if c==0: xnew.append(np.random.random_sample()) else: xnew.append(xnew[c3-1]+np.random.random_sample()) xnew=np.asarray(xnew) ynew=np.asarray(ynew) constant1=10.0 nknots=len(xnew)/constant1 idx_knots = (np.arange(1,len(xnew)-1,(len(xnew)-2)/np.double(nknots))).astype('int') knots = [xnew[i] for i in idx_knots] knots = np.asarray(knots) int_range=np.linspace(min(xnew),max(xnew),len(xnew)) tck = interpolate.splrep(xnew,ynew,k=3,task=-1,t=knots) y1= interpolate.splev(int_range,tck,der=0) The code is throwing an error at the function interpolate.splrep() for some set of points like the above one. The error is: File "/home/neeraj/Desktop/koustav/res/BOS5/fit_spline3.py", line 58, in save_spline_f tck = interpolate.splrep(xnew,ynew,k=3,task=-1,t=knots) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/scipy/interpolate/fitpack.py", line 465, in splrep raise _iermessier(_iermess[ier][0]) ValueError: Error on input data But for other set of points it works fine. For example for the following set of points. xpoints=[1629.0, 1629.0, 1629.0, 1629.0, 1629.0, 1629.0, 1629.0, 1629.0, 1629.0, 1629.0, 1629.0, 1629.0, 1629.0, 1629.0, 1629.0, 1629.0, 1630.0, 1630.0, 1630.0, 1631.0, 1631.0, 1631.0, 1631.0, 1630.0, 1629.0, 1629.0, 1629.0, 1628.0, 1627.0, 1627.0, 1625.0, 1624.0, 1624.0, 1623.0, 1620.0, 1618.0, 1617.0, 1616.0, 1615.0, 1614.0, 1614.0, 1612.0, 1612.0, 1612.0, 1611.0, 1610.0, 1609.0, 1608.0, 1607.0, 1607.0, 1603.0, 1602.0, 1602.0, 1601.0, 1601.0, 1600.0, 1599.0, 1598.0] ypoints=[10570.0, 10572.0, 10572.0, 10573.0, 10572.0, 10572.0, 10571.0, 10570.0, 10569.0, 10565.0, 10564.0, 10563.0, 10562.0, 10560.0, 10558.0, 10556.0, 10554.0, 10551.0, 10548.0, 10547.0, 10544.0, 10542.0, 10541.0, 10538.0, 10534.0, 10532.0, 10531.0, 10528.0, 10525.0, 10522.0, 10519.0, 10517.0, 10516.0, 10512.0, 10509.0, 10509.0, 10507.0, 10504.0, 10502.0, 10500.0, 10501.0, 10499.0, 10498.0, 10496.0, 10491.0, 10492.0, 10488.0, 10488.0, 10488.0, 10486.0, 10486.0, 10485.0, 10485.0, 10486.0, 10483.0, 10483.0, 10482.0, 10480.0] Plots: Can anybody suggest what's happening ?? Thanks in advance......

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  • SmoApplication.EnumAvailableSqlServers returns server names but not instance names (but only on one

    - by Matma
    Hi, There are a number of questions about this and a number of possible causes and thus far ive tried them all with no success. situation: i have an app that needs a db to work, onstartup it does a SmoApplication.EnumAvailableSqlServers(false) to get all the instances on the network, shows the user a dropdown, they pick one and i go connect to my db on that server. all good problem: this works on my machine, the guys next to me and others. HOWEVER it doesnt work on one of the tech guys machines (and potentially others). we are all on the same network domain, physically connected (no wireless), all logged on with network user names, all running the same sql express 2005 sp3, though im using win7 the other guys are running xppro. MSSMS on all machines can see all the instances when you select "Browse for more". yet on this one tech guys machine it lists his local instance (since its hardcoded to) and all the network servers, but has no instances names? i.e. .sqlexpress server1 server2 server3 server4 but on my machine and others we get: .sqlexpress server1/sqlexpress server2/sqlexpress server3/sqlexpress server4/sqlexpress the code im using: ' .... some code ' this populates my datatable dtServers = SmoApplication.EnumAvailableSqlServers(False) '.... some code '.... then later i ShowServers(...) Private dtServers As DataTable = Nothing Private Sub ShowServers(ByVal SQLInstance As String) ' Create a DataTable where we enumerate the available servers cmbServer.Items.Clear() cmbDatabase.Items.Clear() ' If there are any (network listed) servers at all If (dtServers.Rows.Count > 0) Then ' Loop through each server in the DataTable For Each drServer As DataRow In dtServers.Rows ' Add the name to the combobox cmbServer.Items.Add(drServer("Server") & "\" & drServer("Instance")) Next End If 'To make life simpler (add the local instance of sql express): cmbServer.Items.Add(SQLInstance) ' select first item If cmbServer.Items.Count > 0 Then cmbServer.SelectedIndex = 0 End If End Sub now i know this uses udp and its not 100%, but how come his machine is 100% consistent in not showing remote instances, and mine is 100 consistent showing them. even a udl file on his desktop cant see them, regarldess of provider i choose to use? some of the suggestions are to uninstall and re-install, but that doesnt seem like a solution as i (and most others) can see the instances, but one guy cant. this suggests its not the remote sql server but rather the local machine. Notes: ive tried firewall 1433, 1434 i can connect using a udl with full SERVERNAME\INSTANCENAME the browser service is running locally and on the remote machine ive tried stopping and restarting both the browser service on the local and remote machine. Ideas?

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  • Parallel.For System.OutOfMemoryException

    - by Martin Neal
    We have a fairly simple program that's used for creating backups. I'm attempting to parallelize it but am getting an OutofMemoryException within an AggregateExcption. Some of the source folders are quite large, and the program doesn't crash for about 40 minutes after it starts. I don't know where to start looking so the below code is a near exact dump of all code the code sans directory structure and Exception logging code. Any advise as to where to start looking? using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.IO; using System.Threading.Tasks; namespace SelfBackup { class Program { static readonly string[] saSrc = { "\\src\\dir1\\", //... "\\src\\dirN\\", //this folder is over 6 GB }; static readonly string[] saDest = { "\\dest\\dir1\\", //... "\\dest\\dirN\\", }; static void Main(string[] args) { Parallel.For(0, saDest.Length, i => { try { if (Directory.Exists(sDest)) { //Delete directory first so old stuff gets cleaned up Directory.Delete(sDest, true); } //recursive function clsCopyDirectory.copyDirectory(saSrc[i], sDest); } catch (Exception e) { //standard error logging CL.EmailError(); } }); } } /////////////////////////////////////// using System.IO; using System.Threading.Tasks; namespace SelfBackup { static class clsCopyDirectory { static public void copyDirectory(string Src, string Dst) { Directory.CreateDirectory(Dst); /* Copy all the files in the folder If and when .NET 4.0 is installed, change Directory.GetFiles to Directory.Enumerate files for slightly better performance.*/ Parallel.ForEach<string>(Directory.GetFiles(Src), file => { /* An exception thrown here may be arbitrarily deep into this recursive function there's also a good chance that if one copy fails here, so too will other files in the same directory, so we don't want to spam out hundreds of error e-mails but we don't want to abort all together. Instead, the best solution is probably to throw back up to the original caller of copy directory an move on to the next Src/Dst pair by not catching any possible exception here.*/ File.Copy(file, //src Path.Combine(Dst, Path.GetFileName(file)), //dest true);//bool overwrite }); //Call this function again for every directory in the folder. Parallel.ForEach(Directory.GetDirectories(Src), dir => { copyDirectory(dir, Path.Combine(Dst, Path.GetFileName(dir))); }); } }

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  • Help finding longest non-repeating path through connected nodes - Python

    - by Jordan Magnuson
    I've been working on this for a couple of days now without success. Basically, I have a bunch of nodes arranged in a 2D matrix. Every node has four neighbors, except for the nodes on the sides and corners of the matrix, which have 3 and 2 neighbors, respectively. Imagine a bunch of square cards laid out side by side in a rectangular area--the project is actually simulating a sort of card/board game. Each node may or may not be connected to the nodes around it. Each node has a function (get_connections()), that returns the nodes immediately around it that it is connected to (so anywhere from 0 to 4 nodes are returned). Each node also has an "index" property, that contains it's position on the board matrix (eg '1, 4' - row 1, col 4). What I am trying to do is find the longest non-repeating path of connected nodes given a particular "start" node. I've uploaded a couple of images that should give a good idea of what I'm trying to do: In both images, the highlighted red cards are supposedly the longest path of connected cards containing the most upper-left card. However, you can see in both images that a couple of cards that should be in the path have been left out (Romania and Maldova in the first image, Greece and Turkey in the second) Here's the recursive function that I am using currently to find the longest path, given a starting node/card: def get_longest_trip(self, board, processed_connections = list(), processed_countries = list()): #Append this country to the processed countries list, #so we don't re-double over it processed_countries.append(self) possible_trips = dict() if self.get_connections(board): for i, card in enumerate(self.get_connections(board)): if card not in processed_countries: processed_connections.append((self, card)) possible_trips[i] = card.get_longest_trip(board, processed_connections, processed_countries) if possible_trips: longest_trip = [] for i, trip in possible_trips.iteritems(): trip_length = len(trip) if trip_length > len(longest_trip): longest_trip = trip longest_trip.append(self) return longest_trip else: print card_list = [] card_list.append(self) return card_list else: #If no connections from start_card, just return the start card #as the longest trip card_list = [] card_list.append(board.start_card) return card_list The problem here has to do with the processed_countries list: if you look at my first screenshot, you can see that what has happened is that when Ukraine came around, it looked at its two possible choices for longest path (Maldova-Romania, or Turkey, Bulgaria), saw that they were both equal, and chose one indiscriminantly. Now when Hungary comes around, it can't attempt to make a path through Romania (where the longest path would actually be), because Romania has been added to the processed_countries list by Ukraine. Any help on this is EXTREMELY appreciated. If you can find me a solution to this, recursive or not, I'd be happy to donate some $$ to you. I've uploaded my full source code (Python 2.6, Pygame 1.9 required) to: http://www.necessarygames.com/junk/planes_trains.zip The relevant code is in src/main.py, which is all set to run.

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  • Scipy Negative Distance? What?

    - by disappearedng
    I have a input file which are all floating point numbers to 4 decimal place. i.e. 13359 0.0000 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0002` 0.0003 0.0007 ... (the first is the id). My class uses the loadVectorsFromFile method which multiplies it by 10000 and then int() these numbers. On top of that, I also loop through each vector to ensure that there are no negative values inside. However, when I perform _hclustering, I am continually seeing the error, "Linkage Z contains negative values". I seriously think this is a bug because: I checked my values, the values are no where small enough or big enough to approach the limits of the floating point numbers and the formula that I used to derive the values in the file uses absolute value (my input is DEFINITELY right). Can someone enligten me as to why I am seeing this weird error? What is going on that is causing this negative distance error? ===== def loadVectorsFromFile(self, limit, loc, assertAllPositive=True, inflate=True): """Inflate to prevent "negative" distance, we use 4 decimal points, so *10000 """ vectors = {} self.winfo("Each vector is set to have %d limit in length" % limit) with open( loc ) as inf: for line in filter(None, inf.read().split('\n')): l = line.split('\t') if limit: scores = map(float, l[1:limit+1]) else: scores = map(float, l[1:]) if inflate: vectors[ l[0]] = map( lambda x: int(x*10000), scores) #int might save space else: vectors[ l[0]] = scores if assertAllPositive: #Assert that it has no negative value for dirID, l in vectors.iteritems(): if reduce(operator.or_, map( lambda x: x < 0, l)): self.werror( "Vector %s has negative values!" % dirID) return vectors def main( self, inputDir, outputDir, limit=0, inFname="data.vectors.all", mappingFname='all.id.features.group.intermediate'): """ Loads vector from a file and start clustering INPUT vectors is { featureID: tfidfVector (list), } """ IDFeatureDic = loadIdFeatureGroupDicFromIntermediate( pjoin(self.configDir, mappingFname)) if not os.path.exists(outputDir): os.makedirs(outputDir) vectors = self.loadVectorsFromFile( limit, pjoin( inputDir, inFname)) for threshold in map( lambda x:float(x)/30, range(20,30)): clusters = self._hclustering(threshold, vectors) if clusters: outputLoc = pjoin(outputDir, "threshold.%s.result" % str(threshold)) with open(outputLoc, 'w') as outf: for clusterNo, cluster in clusters.iteritems(): outf.write('%s\n' % str(clusterNo)) for featureID in cluster: feature, group = IDFeatureDic[featureID] outline = "%s\t%s\n" % (feature, group) outf.write(outline.encode('utf-8')) outf.write("\n") else: continue def _hclustering(self, threshold, vectors): """function which you should call to vary the threshold vectors: { featureID: [ tfidf scores, tfidf score, .. ] """ clusters = defaultdict(list) if len(vectors) > 1: try: results = hierarchy.fclusterdata( vectors.values(), threshold, metric='cosine') except ValueError, e: self.werror("_hclustering: %s" % str(e)) return False for i, featureID in enumerate( vectors.keys()):

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  • Python form POST using urllib2 (also question on saving/using cookies)

    - by morpheous
    I am trying to write a function to post form data and save returned cookie info in a file so that the next time the page is visited, the cookie information is sent to the server (i.e. normal browser behavior). I wrote this relatively easily in C++ using curlib, but have spent almost an entire day trying to write this in Python, using urllib2 - and still no success. This is what I have so far: import urllib, urllib2 import logging # the path and filename to save your cookies in COOKIEFILE = 'cookies.lwp' cj = None ClientCookie = None cookielib = None logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) # Let's see if cookielib is available try: import cookielib except ImportError: logger.debug('importing cookielib failed. Trying ClientCookie') try: import ClientCookie except ImportError: logger.debug('ClientCookie isn\'t available either') urlopen = urllib2.urlopen Request = urllib2.Request else: logger.debug('imported ClientCookie succesfully') urlopen = ClientCookie.urlopen Request = ClientCookie.Request cj = ClientCookie.LWPCookieJar() else: logger.debug('Successfully imported cookielib') urlopen = urllib2.urlopen Request = urllib2.Request # This is a subclass of FileCookieJar # that has useful load and save methods cj = cookielib.LWPCookieJar() login_params = {'name': 'anon', 'password': 'pass' } def login(theurl, login_params): init_cookies(); data = urllib.urlencode(login_params) txheaders = {'User-agent' : 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.5; Windows NT)'} try: # create a request object req = Request(theurl, data, txheaders) # and open it to return a handle on the url handle = urlopen(req) except IOError, e: log.debug('Failed to open "%s".' % theurl) if hasattr(e, 'code'): log.debug('Failed with error code - %s.' % e.code) elif hasattr(e, 'reason'): log.debug("The error object has the following 'reason' attribute :"+e.reason) sys.exit() else: if cj is None: log.debug('We don\'t have a cookie library available - sorry.') else: print 'These are the cookies we have received so far :' for index, cookie in enumerate(cj): print index, ' : ', cookie # save the cookies again cj.save(COOKIEFILE) #return the data return handle.read() # FIXME: I need to fix this so that it takes into account any cookie data we may have stored def get_page(*args, **query): if len(args) != 1: raise ValueError( "post_page() takes exactly 1 argument (%d given)" % len(args) ) url = args[0] query = urllib.urlencode(list(query.iteritems())) if not url.endswith('/') and query: url += '/' if query: url += "?" + query resource = urllib.urlopen(url) logger.debug('GET url "%s" => "%s", code %d' % (url, resource.url, resource.code)) return resource.read() When I attempt to log in, I pass the correct username and pwd,. yet the login fails, and no cookie data is saved. My two questions are: can anyone see whats wrong with the login() function, and how may I fix it? how may I modify the get_page() function to make use of any cookie info I have saved ?

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  • Can you find a pattern to sync files knowing only dates and filenames?

    - by Robert MacLean
    Imagine if you will a operating system that had the following methods for files Create File: Creates (writes) a new file to disk. Calling this if a file exists causes a fault. Update File: Updates an existing file. Call this if a file doesn't exist causes a fault. Read File: Reads data from a file. Enumerate files: Gets all files in a folder. Files themselves in this operating system only have the following meta data: Created Time: The original date and time the file was created, by the Create File method. Modified Time: The date and time the file was last modified by the Update File method. If the file has never been modified, this will equal the Create Time. You have been given the task of writing an application which will sync the files between two directories (lets call them bill and ted) on a machine. However it is not that simple, the client has required that The application never faults (see methods above). That while the application is running the users can add and update files and those will be sync'd next time the application runs. Files can be added to either the ted or bill directories. File names cannot be altered. The application will perform one sync per time it is run. The application must be almost entirely in memory, in other words you cannot create a log of filenames and write that to disk and then check that the next time. The exception to point 6 is that you can store date and times between runs. Each date/time is associated with a key labeled A through J (so you have 10 to use) so you can compare keys between runs. There is no way to catch exceptions in the application. Answer will be accepted based on the following conditions: First answer to meet all requirements will be accepted. If there is no way to meet all requirements, the answer which ensures the smallest amount of missed changes per sync will be accepted. A bounty will be created (100 points) as soon as possible for the prize. The winner will be selected one day before the bounty ends. Please ask questions in the comments and I will gladly update and refine the question on those.

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  • .NET 2.0 Process Elevation for App Installation

    - by Brian Gillespie
    We have an application written in both C++ and .NET that installs for all users in the Program Files folder. This application downloads new versions of itself (as MSI installers) and spawns the new installer process to replace itself. The install process as it exists today: Copy an install manager app (C#, .NET 2.0) to the temp directory. Call this 'Manager' Manager is executed with elevated privs per this article. The original application exits. Manager spawns the MSI installer (with elevated privs, since the copy is elevated) Manager spawns the new version of the app. The bug: The newly installed app is running in an elevated state. This causes problems I won't enumerate here. Ideally, the launch of the newly installed app would be run with the permissions of the original user. I can't figure out how to demote the app back to being the standard user after elevation. An inelegant hack: (yeah, yeah, this whole process is inelegant anyway) Copy the install manager to the temp directory Run the install manager with standard user privs. Lets call this instance 'LowlyManager'. Original application exits. LowlyManager spawns the app again, this time with elevated privs. Let's name this instance 'UpperManagement' UpperManagement spawns the installer UpperManagement exits gracefully, returning the exit code of the installer. LowlyManager interprets the error code from UpperManagement, and spawns the newly installed application. This time as the original invoker. Is there a better way to do this? (I've left out a bunch of other details before and after these steps that make the process smoother for the user, but this should be enough to understand the core of the problem I'm trying to solve.) Other requirements: We can't install as a per-user app The user shouldn't be presented with an authentication dialog box if UAC would have simply asked "are you sure you want to allow this?". I think this might kill a solution using WindowsImpersonationContext, but I'm not sure. The system needs to work on XP, Vista, and Windows 7 (even if there is a separate process for XP).

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  • Best Practices / Patterns for Enterprise Protection/Remediation of SSNs (Social Security Numbers)

    - by Erik Neu
    I am interested in hearing about enterprise solutions for SSN handling. (I looked pretty hard for any pre-existing post on SO, including reviewing the terriffic SO automated "Related Questions" list, and did not find anything, so hopefully this is not a repeat.) First, I think it is important to enumerate the reasons systems/databases use SSNs: (note—these are reasons for de facto current state—I understand that many of them are not good reasons) Required for Interaction with External Entities. This is the most valid case—where external entities your system interfaces with require an SSN. This would typically be government, tax and financial. SSN is used to ensure system-wide uniqueness. SSN has become the default foreign key used internally within the enterprise, to perform cross-system joins. SSN is used for user authentication (e.g., log-on) The enterprise solution that seems optimum to me is to create a single SSN repository that is accessed by all applications needing to look up SSN info. This repository substitutes a globally unique, random 9-digit number (ASN) for the true SSN. I see many benefits to this approach. First of all, it is obviously highly backwards-compatible—all your systems "just" have to go through a major, synchronized, one-time data-cleansing exercise, where they replace the real SSN with the alternate ASN. Also, it is centralized, so it minimizes the scope for inspection and compliance. (Obviously, as a negative, it also creates a single point of failure.) This approach would solve issues 2 and 3, without ever requiring lookups to get the real SSN. For issue #1, authorized systems could provide an ASN, and be returned the real SSN. This would of course be done over secure connections, and the requesting systems would never persist the full SSN. Also, if the requesting system only needs the last 4 digits of the SSN, then that is all that would ever be passed. Issue #4 could be handled the same way as issue #1, though obviously the best thing would be to move away from having users supply an SSN for log-on. There are a couple of papers on this: UC Berkely: http://bit.ly/bdZPjQ Oracle Vault: bit.ly/cikbi1

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  • Code-Golf: Friendly Number Abbreviator

    - by David Murdoch
    Based on this question: Is there a way to round numbers into a friendly format? THE CHALLENGE - UPDATED! (removed hundreds abbreviation from spec) The shortest code by character count that will abbreviate an integer (no decimals). Code should include the full program. Relevant range is from 0 - 9,223,372,036,854,775,807 (the upper limit for signed 64 bit integer). The number of decimal places for abbreviation will be positive. You will not need to calculate the following: 920535 abbreviated -1 place (which would be something like 0.920535M). Numbers in the tens and hundreds place (0-999) should never be abbreviated (the abbreviation for the number 57 to 1+ decimal places is 5.7dk - it is unneccessary and not friendly). Remember to round half away from zero (23.5 gets rounded to 24). Banker's rounding is verboten. Here are the relevant number abbreviations: h = hundred (102) k = thousand (103) M = million (106) G = billion (109) T = trillion (1012) P = quadrillion (1015) E = quintillion (1018) SAMPLE INPUTS/OUTPUTS (inputs can be passed as separate arguments): First argument will be the integer to abbreviate. The second is the number of decimal places. 12 1 => 12 // tens and hundreds places are never rounded 1500 2 => 1.5k 1500 0 => 2k // look, ma! I round UP at .5 0 2 => 0 1234 0 => 1k 34567 2 => 34.57k 918395 1 => 918.4k 2134124 2 => 2.13M 47475782130 2 => 47.48G 9223372036854775807 3 => 9.223E // ect... . . . Original answer from related question (javascript, does not follow spec): function abbrNum(number, decPlaces) { // 2 decimal places => 100, 3 => 1000, etc decPlaces = Math.pow(10,decPlaces); // Enumerate number abbreviations var abbrev = [ "k", "m", "b", "t" ]; // Go through the array backwards, so we do the largest first for (var i=abbrev.length-1; i>=0; i--) { // Convert array index to "1000", "1000000", etc var size = Math.pow(10,(i+1)*3); // If the number is bigger or equal do the abbreviation if(size <= number) { // Here, we multiply by decPlaces, round, and then divide by decPlaces. // This gives us nice rounding to a particular decimal place. number = Math.round(number*decPlaces/size)/decPlaces; // Add the letter for the abbreviation number += abbrev[i]; // We are done... stop break; } } return number; }

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