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  • Examples of limitations in IT due to different bit length by design

    - by Alaudo
    I am teaching the course "Introduction in Programming" for the first-year students and would like to find interesting examples where the datatype size in bits, chosen by design, led to certain known restrictions or important values. Here are some examples: Due to the fact that the Bell teleprinter used 7-bit-code (later accepted as ASCII) until now have we often to encode attachments in electronic messages to contain only 7 bit data. Classical limitation of 32-bit address space leads to the 4Gb maximal RAM size available for 32-bit systems and 4Gb maximal file size in FAT32. Do you know some other interesting examples how the choice of the data type (and especially its binary length) influenced the modern IT world. Added after some discussion in comments: I am not going to teach how to overcome limitations. I just want them to know that 1 byte can hold the values from -127..0..+127 o 0..255, 2 bytes cover the range 0..65535 etc by proving examples they know from other sources, like the above-mentioned base64 encoding etc. We are just learning the basic datatypes and I am trying to find a good reference for "how large" these types are.

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  • How do you make a Factory that can return derived types?

    - by Seth Spearman
    I have created a factory class called AlarmFactory as such... 1 class AlarmFactory 2 { 3 public static Alarm GetAlarm(AlarmTypes alarmType) //factory ensures that correct alarm is returned and right func pointer for trigger creator. 4 { 5 switch (alarmType) 6 { 7 case AlarmTypes.Heartbeat: 8 HeartbeatAlarm alarm = HeartbeatAlarm.GetAlarm(); 9 alarm.CreateTriggerFunction = QuartzAlarmScheduler.CreateMinutelyTrigger; 10 return alarm; 11 12 break; 13 default: 14 15 break; 16 } 17 } 18 } Heartbeat alarm is derived from Alarm. I am getting a compile error "cannot implicitly convert type...An explicit conversion exists (are you missing a cast?)". How do I set this up to return a derived type? Seth

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  • How can you write a function that accepts multiple types?

    - by matthy
    I have a function that should work on int[] and on String[] now i have made the same function with a int parameter and an String parameter however if it has to go this way its a bit copy paste work and doesn't look very organized is there a way to solve this and put these 4 functions in 2? static public void print(String s) { System.out.println(s); } static public void print(int s) { System.out.println(s); } static public void printArray(String[] s) { for (int i=0; i<s.length; i++) print(s[i]); } static public void printArray(int[] s) { for (int i=0; i<s.length; i++) print(s[i]); } Thanks Matthy

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  • Can I add custom methods/attributes to built-in Python types?

    - by sfjedi
    For example—say I want to add a helloWorld() method to Python's dict type. Can I do this? JavaScript has a prototype object that behaves this way. Maybe it's bad design and I should subclass the dict object, but then it only works on the subclasses and I want it to work on any and all future dictionaries. Here's how it would go down in JavaScript: String.prototype.hello = function() { alert("Hello, " + this + "!"); } "Jed".hello() //alerts "Hello, Jed!" Here's a useful link with more examples— http://www.javascriptkit.com/javatutors/proto3.shtml

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  • What is the best way to create related types at runtime?

    - by SniperSmiley
    How do I determine the type of a class that is related to another class at runtime? I have figured out a solution, the only problem is that I ended up having to use a define that has to be used in all of the derived classes. Is there a simpler way to do this that doesn't need the define or a copy paste? Things to note: both the class and the related class will always have their respective base class, the different classes can share a related class, and as in the example I would like the control class to own the view. #include <iostream> #include <string> class model; class view { public: view( model *m ) {} virtual std::string display() { return "view"; } }; #define RELATED_CLASS(RELATED)\ typedef RELATED relatedType;\ virtual relatedType*createRelated(){\ return new relatedType(this);} class model { public: RELATED_CLASS(view) model() {} }; class otherView : public view { public: otherView( model *m ) : view(m) {} std::string display() { return "otherView"; } }; class otherModel : public model { public: RELATED_CLASS(otherView) otherModel() {} }; class control { public: control( model *m ) : m_(m), v_( m->createRelated() ) {} ~control() { delete v_; } std::string display() { return v_->display(); } model *m_; view *v_; }; int main( void ) { model m; otherModel om; model *pm = &om; control c1( &m ); control c2( &om ); control c3( pm ); std::cout << c1.display() << std::endl; std::cout << c2.display() << std::endl; std::cout << c3.display() << std::endl; }

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  • Comparing two java objects on fly (data type not known)

    - by Narendra
    Hi All, I need to compare different data objects. Can any one tell me how can i do this. I don't know what are the data types i will get priorly. If i need to use any util from apache commons then please give reference to it. At present I am using .equals() for comparing equality of objects .It is working fine when I am comparing quality for two strings. If i am comparing java.sql.date data type then it is showing unequal even though both contains same values. Can any one suggest me on this regard. Thanks, Narendra

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  • Why are static classes considered “classes” and “reference types”?

    - by Timwi
    I’ve been pondering about the C# and CIL type system today and I’ve started to wonder why static classes are considered classes. There are many ways in which they are not really classes: A “normal” class can contain non-static members, a static class can’t. In this respect, a class is more similar to a struct than it is to a static class, and yet structs have a separate name. You can have a reference to an instance of a “normal” class, but not a static class (despite it being considered a “reference type”). In this respect, a class is more similar to an interface than it is to a static class, and yet interfaces have a separate name. The name of a static class can never be used in any place where a type name would normally fit: you can’t declare a variable of this type, you can’t use it as a base type, and you can’t use it as a generic type parameter. In this respect, static classes are somewhat more like namespaces. A “normal” class can implement interfaces. Once again, that makes classes more similar to structs than to static classes. A “normal” class can inherit from another class. It is also bizarre that static classes are considered to derive from System.Object. Although this allows them to “inherit” the static methods Equals and ReferenceEquals, the purpose of that inheritance is questionable as you would call those methods on object anyway. C# even allows you to specify that useless inheritance explicitly on static classes, but not on interfaces or structs, where the implicit derivation from object and System.ValueType, respectively, actually has a purpose. Regarding the subset-of-features argument: Static classes have a subset of the features of classes, but they also have a subset of the features of structs. All of the things that make a class distinct from the other kinds of type, do not seem to apply to static classes. Regarding the typeof argument: Making a static class into a new and different kind of type does not preclude it from being used in typeof. Given the sheer oddity of static classes, and the scarcity of similarities between them and “normal” classes, shouldn’t they have been made into a separate kind of type instead of a special kind of class?

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  • How to default-initialize local variables of built-in types in C++?

    - by sharptooth
    How do I default-initialize a local variable of primitive type in C++? For example if a have a typedef: typedef unsigned char boolean;//that's Microsoft RPC runtime typedef I'd like to change the following line: boolean variable = 0; //initialize to some value to ensure reproduceable behavior retrieveValue( &variable ); // do actual job into something that would automagically default-initialize the variable - I don't need to assign a specific value to it, but instead I only need it to be intialized to the same value each time the program runs - the same stuff as with a constructor initializer list where I can have: struct Struct { int Value; Struct() : Value() {} }; and the Struct::Value will be default-initialized to the same value every time an instance is cinstructed, but I never write the actual value in the code. How can I get the same behavior for local variables?

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  • Is it possible to write a generic +1 method for numeric box types in Java?

    - by polygenelubricants
    This is NOT homework. Part 1 Is it possible to write a generic method, something like this: <T extends Number> T plusOne(T num) { return num + 1; // DOESN'T COMPILE! How to fix??? } Short of using a bunch of instanceof and casts, is this possible? Part 2 The following 3 methods compile: Integer plusOne(Integer num) { return num + 1; } Double plusOne(Double num) { return num + 1; } Long plusOne(Long num) { return num + 1; } Is it possible to write a generic version that bound T to only Integer, Double, or Long?

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  • Named query not known error trying to call a stored proc using Fluent NHibernate

    - by Hamman359
    I'm working on setting up NHibernate for a project and I have a few queries that, due to their complexity, we will be leaving as stored procedures. I'd like to be able to use NHibernate to call the sprocs, but have run into an error I can't figure out. Since I'm using Fluent NHibernate I'm using mixed mode mapping as recommended here. However, when I run the app I get a "Named query not known: AccountsGetSingle" exception and I can't figure out why. I think I might have a problem with my HBM mapping since I'm not very familiar with using them but I'm not sure. My NHibernate configuration code is: private ISessionFactory CreateSessionFactory() { return Fluently.Configure() .Database(MsSqlConfiguration.MsSql2005 .ConnectionString((conn => conn.FromConnectionStringWithKey("CIDB"))) .ShowSql()) .Mappings(m => { m.HbmMappings.AddFromAssemblyOf<Account>(); m.FluentMappings.AddFromAssemblyOf<Account>(); }) .BuildSessionFactory(); } My hbm.xml file is: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <hibernate-mapping xmlns="urn:nhibernate-mapping-2.2"> <sql-query name="AccountsGetSingle"> <return alias="Account" class="Core, Account"></return> exec AccountsGetSingle </sql-query> </hibernate-mapping> And the code where I am calling the sproc looks like this: public Account Get() { return _conversation.Session .GetNamedQuery("AccountsGetSingle") .UniqueResult<Account>(); } Any thoughts or ideas would be appreciated. Thanks.

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  • DataContract Known Types - passing array

    - by Erup
    Im having problems when passing an generic List, trough a WCF operation. In this case, there is a List of int. The example 4 is described here in MSDN. Note that in MSDN sample, is described: // This will serialize and deserialize successfully because the generic List is equivalent to int[], which was added to known types. Above, is the DataContract: [DataContract] [KnownType(typeof(int[]))] [KnownType(typeof(object[]))] public class AccountData { [DataMember] public object accNumber1; [DataMember] public object accNumber2; [DataMember] public object accNumber3; [DataMember] public object accNumber4; } In client side, Im calling the operation like this: DataTransfer.Service.AccountData data = new DataTransfer.Service.AccountData() { accNumber1 = 100, accNumber2 = new int[100], accNumber3 = new List<int>(), accNumber4 = new ArrayList() }; cService.AddAccounts(data); Also, here is the decorations of the generated AccountData obj (WCF proxy): [System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThroughAttribute()] [System.CodeDom.Compiler.GeneratedCodeAttribute("System.Runtime.Serialization", "3.0.0.0")] [System.Runtime.Serialization.DataContractAttribute(Name="AccountData", Namespace="http://schemas.datacontract.org/2004/07/DataTransfer.Service")] [System.SerializableAttribute()] [System.Runtime.Serialization.KnownTypeAttribute(typeof(DataTransfer.Client.CustomerServiceReference.PurchaseOrder))] [System.Runtime.Serialization.KnownTypeAttribute(typeof(DataTransfer.Client.CustomerServiceReference.Customer))] [System.Runtime.Serialization.KnownTypeAttribute(typeof(int[]))] [System.Runtime.Serialization.KnownTypeAttribute(typeof(object[]))]

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  • Parsing Lisp S-Expressions with known schema in C#

    - by Drew Noakes
    I'm working with a service that provides data as a Lisp-like S-Expression string. This data is arriving thick and fast, and I want to churn through it as quickly as possible, ideally directly on the byte stream (it's only single-byte characters) without any backtracking. These strings can be quite lengthy and I don't want the GC churn of allocating a string for the whole message. My current implementation uses CoCo/R with a grammar, but it has a few problems. Due to the backtracking, it assigns the whole stream to a string. It's also a bit fiddly for users of my code to change if they have to. I'd rather have a pure C# solution. CoCo/R also does not allow for the reuse of parser/scanner objects, so I have to recreate them for each message. Conceptually the data stream can be thought of as a sequence of S-Expressions: (item 1 apple)(item 2 banana)(item 3 chainsaw) Parsing this sequence would create three objects. The type of each object can be determined by the first value in the list, in the above case "item". The schema/grammar of the incoming stream is well known. Before I start coding I'd like to know if there are libraries out there that do this already. I'm sure I'm not the first person to have this problem.

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  • Solving for the coefficent of linear equations with one known coefficent

    - by CppLearner
    clc; clear all; syms y a2 a3 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % [ 0.5 0.25 0.125 ] [ a2 ] [ y ] % [ 1 1 1 ] [ a3 ] = [ 3 ] % [ 2 4 8 ] [ 6 ] [ 2 ] %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% M = [0.5 0.25 0.125; 1 1 1; 2 4 8]; t = [a2 a3 6]; r = [y 3 2]; sol = M * t' s1 = solve(sol(1), a2) % solve for a2 s2 = solve(sol(2), a3) % solve for a3 This is what I have so far. These are my output sol = conj(a2)/2 + conj(a3)/4 + 3/4 conj(a2) + conj(a3) + 6 2*conj(a2) + 4*conj(a3) + 48 s1 = - conj(a3)/2 - 3/2 - Im(a3)*i s2 = - conj(a2) - 6 - 2*Im(a2)*i sol looks like what we would have if we put them back into equation form: 0.5 * a2 + 0.25 * a3 + 0.125 * a4 a2 + a3 + a4 = 3 2*a2 + 4*a3 + 8*a4 = 2 where a4 is known == 6. My problem is, I am stuck with how to use solve to actually solve these equations to get the values of a2 and a3. s2 solve for a3 but it doesn't match what we have on paper (not quite). a2 + a3 + 6 = 3 should yield a3 = -3 - a2. because of the imaginary. Somehow I need to equate the vector solution sol to the values [y 3 2] for each row.

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  • SQLAuthority News – Community Tech Days – TechEd on The Road – Ahmedabad – June 11, 2011

    - by pinaldave
    TechEd on Road is back! In Ahmedabad June 11, 2011! Inviting all Professional Developers, Project Managers, Architects, IT Managers, IT Administrators and Implementers of Ahmedabad to be a part of Tech•Ed on the Road, on 11th June, 2011. We have put together the best sessions from Tech•Ed India 2011 for you in your city. Focal point will be technologies like Database and BI, Windows 7, ASP.NET. REGISTER HERE! Venue: Venue: Ahmedabad Management Association (AMA) Dr. Vikram Sarabhai Marg, University Area, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380 015 Time: 9:30AM – 5:30PM The biggest attraction of the event is session HTML5 – Future of the Web by Harish Vaidyanathan. He is Evangelist Lead in Microsoft and hands on developer himself. I strongly urge all of you to attend his session to understand direction of the web and Microsoft’s take on the subject. I (Pinal Dave) will be presenting on the session of SQL Server Performance Tuning and Jacob Sebastian will be presenting on T-SQL Worst Practices. Do not miss this opportunity. Those who have attended in the past know that from last two years the venue is jam packed in first few minutes. Do come in early to get better seat and reserve your spot. We will have QUIZ during the event and we will have various gifts – Watches, USB Drives, T-Shirts and many more interesting gifts. Refer the agenda today and register right away. There will be no video recording so come and visit the event in person. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: About Me, Best Practices, Database, DBA, MVP, Pinal Dave, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, SQL Wait Stats, SQL Wait Types, T SQL, Technology

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  • Excluding specific file types from a security audit in windows server 2008

    - by Mozez
    Hi, I am looking for a way to exclude specific file types from being logged in the security audits. I have a folder being audited for deletion events and the majority of logged events are .tmp files (such as a temp Word file that is automatically deleted when the app is closed) which I do not care about. Would anyone know of a way to exclude these types of files from being logged? Thanks in advance for any comments.

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  • How to use DataContractSerializer to create xml with tag names that match my known types

    - by mezoid
    I have the following data contract: [CollectionDataContract(Name="MyStuff")] public class MyStuff : Collection<object> {} [DataContract(Name = "Type1")] [KnownType(typeof(Type1))] public class Type1 { [DataMember(Name = "memberId")] public int Id { get; set; } } [DataContract(Name = "Type2")] [KnownType(typeof(Type2))] public class Type2 { [DataMember(Name = "memberId")] public int Id { get; set; } } Which I serialize to xml as follows: MyStuff pm = new MyStuff(); Type1 t1 = new Type1 { Id = 111 }; Type2 t2 = new Type2 { Id = 222 }; pm.Add(t1); pm.Add(t2); string xml; StringBuilder serialXML = new StringBuilder(); DataContractSerializer dcSerializer = new DataContractSerializer(typeof(MyStuff)); using (XmlWriter xWriter = XmlWriter.Create(serialXML)) { dcSerializer.WriteObject(xWriter, pm); xWriter.Flush(); xml = serialXML.ToString(); } The resultant xml string looks like this: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-16"?> <MyStuff xmlns:i="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://schemas.datacontract.org/2004/07/"> <anyType i:type="Type1"> <memberId>111</memberId> </anyType> <anyType i:type="Type2"> <memberId>222</memberId> </anyType> </MyStuff> Does anyone know how I can get it to instead use the name of my known types rather than anyType in the xml tag? I'm wanting it to look like this: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-16"?> <MyStuff xmlns:i="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://schemas.datacontract.org/2004/07/"> <Type1> <memberId>111</memberId> </Type1> <Type2> <memberId>222</memberId> </Type2> </MyStuff>

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  • SQL SERVER – PAGEIOLATCH_DT, PAGEIOLATCH_EX, PAGEIOLATCH_KP, PAGEIOLATCH_SH, PAGEIOLATCH_UP – Wait Type – Day 9 of 28

    - by pinaldave
    It is very easy to say that you replace your hardware as that is not up to the mark. In reality, it is very difficult to implement. It is really hard to convince an infrastructure team to change any hardware because they are not performing at their best. I had a nightmare related to this issue in a deal with an infrastructure team as I suggested that they replace their faulty hardware. This is because they were initially not accepting the fact that it is the fault of their hardware. But it is really easy to say “Trust me, I am correct”, while it is equally important that you put some logical reasoning along with this statement. PAGEIOLATCH_XX is such a kind of those wait stats that we would directly like to blame on the underlying subsystem. Of course, most of the time, it is correct – the underlying subsystem is usually the problem. From Book On-Line: PAGEIOLATCH_DT Occurs when a task is waiting on a latch for a buffer that is in an I/O request. The latch request is in Destroy mode. Long waits may indicate problems with the disk subsystem. PAGEIOLATCH_EX Occurs when a task is waiting on a latch for a buffer that is in an I/O request. The latch request is in Exclusive mode. Long waits may indicate problems with the disk subsystem. PAGEIOLATCH_KP Occurs when a task is waiting on a latch for a buffer that is in an I/O request. The latch request is in Keep mode. Long waits may indicate problems with the disk subsystem. PAGEIOLATCH_SH Occurs when a task is waiting on a latch for a buffer that is in an I/O request. The latch request is in Shared mode. Long waits may indicate problems with the disk subsystem. PAGEIOLATCH_UP Occurs when a task is waiting on a latch for a buffer that is in an I/O request. The latch request is in Update mode. Long waits may indicate problems with the disk subsystem. PAGEIOLATCH_XX Explanation: Simply put, this particular wait type occurs when any of the tasks is waiting for data from the disk to move to the buffer cache. ReducingPAGEIOLATCH_XX wait: Just like any other wait type, this is again a very challenging and interesting subject to resolve. Here are a few things you can experiment on: Improve your IO subsystem speed (read the first paragraph of this article, if you have not read it, I repeat that it is easy to say a step like this than to actually implement or do it). This type of wait stats can also happen due to memory pressure or any other memory issues. Putting aside the issue of a faulty IO subsystem, this wait type warrants proper analysis of the memory counters. If due to any reasons, the memory is not optimal and unable to receive the IO data. This situation can create this kind of wait type. Proper placing of files is very important. We should check file system for the proper placement of files – LDF and MDF on separate drive, TempDB on separate drive, hot spot tables on separate filegroup (and on separate disk), etc. Check the File Statistics and see if there is higher IO Read and IO Write Stall SQL SERVER – Get File Statistics Using fn_virtualfilestats. It is very possible that there are no proper indexes on the system and there are lots of table scans and heap scans. Creating proper index can reduce the IO bandwidth considerably. If SQL Server can use appropriate cover index instead of clustered index, it can significantly reduce lots of CPU, Memory and IO (considering cover index has much lesser columns than cluster table and all other it depends conditions). You can refer to the two articles’ links below previously written by me that talk about how to optimize indexes. Create Missing Indexes Drop Unused Indexes Updating statistics can help the Query Optimizer to render optimal plan, which can only be either directly or indirectly. I have seen that updating statistics with full scan (again, if your database is huge and you cannot do this – never mind!) can provide optimal information to SQL Server optimizer leading to efficient plan. Checking Memory Related Perfmon Counters SQLServer: Memory Manager\Memory Grants Pending (Consistent higher value than 0-2) SQLServer: Memory Manager\Memory Grants Outstanding (Consistent higher value, Benchmark) SQLServer: Buffer Manager\Buffer Hit Cache Ratio (Higher is better, greater than 90% for usually smooth running system) SQLServer: Buffer Manager\Page Life Expectancy (Consistent lower value than 300 seconds) Memory: Available Mbytes (Information only) Memory: Page Faults/sec (Benchmark only) Memory: Pages/sec (Benchmark only) Checking Disk Related Perfmon Counters Average Disk sec/Read (Consistent higher value than 4-8 millisecond is not good) Average Disk sec/Write (Consistent higher value than 4-8 millisecond is not good) Average Disk Read/Write Queue Length (Consistent higher value than benchmark is not good) Note: The information presented here is from my experience and there is no way that I claim it to be accurate. I suggest reading Book OnLine for further clarification. All of the discussions of Wait Stats in this blog is generic and varies from system to system. It is recommended that you test this on a development server before implementing it to a production server. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: Pinal Dave, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Scripts, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, SQL Wait Stats, SQL Wait Types, T SQL, Technology

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  • Tuples vs. Anonymous Types vs. Expando object. (in regards to LINQ queries)

    - by punkouter
    I am a beginner who finally started understanding anonymous types. (see old post http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3010147/what-is-the-return-type-for-a-anonymous-linq-query-select-what-is-the-best-way-t) So in LINQ queries you form the type of return value you want within the linq query right? It seems the way to do this is anonymous type right? Can someone explain to me if and when I could use a Tuple/Expando object instead? They all seem very simliar?

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  • SSL certificates and types for securing your websites and applications

    - by Mit Naik
    Need to share few information regarding SSL certificates and there types, which SSL certificates are widely used etc. There are several SSL certificates available in the market today inorder to secure your domains, multiple subdomains, your applications and code too. Few of the details are mentioned below. CheapSSL certificates available today are Standard Rapidssl certificate, Thwate SSL 123 etc certificates which are basic level certificates. Most of these cheap SSL certificates are domain-validated only and don't provide the greatest trust for your customers. This means you shouldn't use cheap SSL certificates on e-commerce stores or other public-facing sites that require people to trust the site. EV certificates I found Geotrust Truebusinessid with EV certificate which is one of the cheapest certificate available in market today, you can also find Thwate, Versign EV version of certificates. Its designed to prevent phishing attacks better than normal SSL certificates. What makes an EV Certificate so special? An SSL Certificate Provider has to do some extensive validation to give you one including: Verifying that your organization is legally registered and active, Verifying the address and phone number of your organization, Verifying that your organization has exclusive right to use the domain specified in the EV Certificate, Verifying that the person ordering the certificate has been authorized by the organization, Verifying that your organization is not on any government blacklists. SSL WILDCARD CERTIFICATES, SSL Wildcard Certificates are big money-savers. An SSL Wildcard Certificate allows you to secure an unlimited number of first-level sub-domains on a single domain name. For example, if you need to secure the following websites: * www.yourdomain.com * secure.yourdomain.com * product.yourdomain.com * info.yourdomain.com * download.yourdomain.com * anything.yourdomain.com and all of these websites are hosted on the multiple server box, you can purchase and install one Wildcard certificate issued to *.yourdomain.com to secure all these sites. SAN CERTIFICATES, are interesting certificates and are helpfull if you want to secure multiple domains by generating single CSR and can install the same certificate on your additional sites without generating new CSRs for all the additional domains. CODE SIGNING CERTIFICATES, A code signing certificate is a file containing a digital signature that can be used to sign executables and scripts in order to verify your identity and ensure that your code has not been tampered with since it was signed. This helps your users to determine whether your software can be trusted. Scroll to the chart below to compare cheap code signing certificates. A code signing certificate allows you to sign code using a private and public key system similar to how an SSL certificate secures a website. When you request a code signing certificate, a public/private key pair is generated. The certificate authority will then issue a code signing certificate that contains the public key. A certificate for code signing needs to be signed by a trusted certificate authority so that the operating system knows that your identity has been validated. You could still use the code signing certificate to sign and distribute malicious software but you will be held legally accountable for it. You can sign many different types of code. The most common types include Windows applications such as .exe, .cab, .dll, .ocx, and .xpi files (using an Authenticode certificate), Apple applications (using an Apple code signing certificate), Microsoft Office VBA objects and macros (using a VBA code signing certificate), .jar files (using a Java code signing certificate), .air or .airi files (using an Adobe AIR certificate), and Windows Vista drivers and other kernel-mode software (using a Vista code certificate). In reality, a code signing certificate can sign almost all types of code as long as you convert the certificate to the correct format first. Also I found the below URL which provides you good suggestion regarding purchasing best SSL certificates for securing your site, as per the Financial institution, Bank, Hosting providers, ISP, Retail Merchants etc. Please vote and provide comments or any additional suggestions regarding SSL certificates.

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  • Programme d'étude sur le C++ bas niveau n° 2 : les types de données, un article d'Alex Darby traduit par Bousk

    Dans ce deuxième article sur le C++ bas niveau, Alex Darby aborde les types de données et leurs représentations internes. Programme d'étude sur le C++ bas niveau n° 2 : les types de données Quels sont les points les plus importants pour vous à connaître sur les types ? Connaissez-vous d'autres subtilités sur les types de données ? Bonne lecture. Retrouver l'ensemble des articles de cette série sur la

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  • Is there a list of known web crawlers?

    - by J. Pablo Fernández
    I'm trying to get accurate download numbers for some files on a web server. I look at the user agents and some are clearly bots or web crawlers, but many for many I'm not sure, they may or may not be a web crawler and they are causing many downloads so it's important for me to know. Is there somewhere a list of know web crawlers with some documentation like user agent, IPs, behavior, etc? I'm not interested in the official ones, like Google's, Yahoo's, or Microsoft's. Those are generally well behaved and self-indentified.

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  • add table row before or after a table row of known ID

    - by Perpetualcoder
    In a table like this: <table> <!-- Insert Row of bun here --> <tr id="meat"> <td>Hamburger</td> </tr/> <!-- Insert Row of bun here --> </table> function AddBefore(rowId){} function AddAfter(rowId){} I need to create methods without using jquery..i am familiar with append after and append before in jquery.. but i am stuck with using palin js.

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