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  • What happens if a server never receives the RST packet?

    - by Rob
    Someone recently decided to show me a POC of a new Denial of Service method using SYN/TCP he's figured out. I thought it was complete nonsense, but after explaining to him about SYN-SYN/ACK-RST, he left me speechless. He told me "what if the server you're using to trick into sending the SYN/ACK packets can't receive the RST packet?" I have no idea. He claims that the server will continue trying to send SYN/ACK packets, and that the packetrate will continue to build up. Is there any truth to this? Can anyone elaborate? Apparently, the way it works is this: He spoofs the IP of the SYN packet to the target's IP. He then sends the SYN packet to a handful of random servers They all reply with their SYN/ACK packet to the target IP, of course The target responds with RST, as we know BUT somehow he keeps the target from sending the RST or keeps the random servers from processing it With this, apparently the servers will continue trying to send the SYN/ACK packets, thus producing a somewhat of a "snowball" effect.

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  • Black Magic in Grails Data Binding!?

    - by Tiago Alves
    As described in http://n4.nabble.com/Grails-Data-Binding-for-One-To-Many-Relationships-with-REST-tp1754571p1754571.html i'm trying to automatically bind my REST data. I understand now that for one-to-many associations the map that is required for the data binding must have a list of ids of the many side such as: [propName: propValue, manyAssoc: [1, 2]] However, I'm getting this exception Executing action [save] of controller [com.example.DomainName] caused exception: org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateSystemException: IllegalArgumentException occurred calling getter of com.example.DomainName.id; nested exception is org.hibernate.PropertyAccessException: IllegalArgumentException occurred calling getter of com.example.DomainName.id However, even weirder is the update action that is generated for the controller. There we have the databinding like this: domainObjectInstance.properties = params['domainObject'] But, and this is the really weird thing, params['domainObject'] is null! It is null because all the domainObject fields are passed directly in the params map itself. If I change the above line to domainObjectInstance.properties = null the domainObject is still updated! Why is this happening and more important, how can I bind my incoming XML automatically if it comes in this format (the problem is the one-to-many associations): <product> <name>Table</name> <brand id="1" /> <categories> <category id="1" /> <category id="2" /> </categories> </product>

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  • Jumbo Packet in 1 Gigabit Ethernet- help

    - by user322374
    Hi, I would like to know about Jumbo Packets using UDP in 1 Giga etherent. What are the delays in such system? i think of using jumbo packets in my system because i need to transfer a lot of data between 2 computers. i tried to find information about the delays and what are the disadvantages using jumbo packets in 1 gigabit- i didn't find a lot. (I find many advantages but i would like to know also the disadvantages) Thank you very much for the help,

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  • Magic Method __set() on a Instantiated Object

    - by streetparade
    Ok i have a problem, sorry if i cant explaint it clear but the code speaks for its self. i have a class which generates objects from a given class name; Say we say the class is Modules: public function name($name) { $this->includeModule($name); try { $module = new ReflectionClass($name); $instance = $module->isInstantiable() ? $module->newInstance() : "Err"; $this->addDelegate($instance); } catch(Exception $e) { Modules::Name("Logger")->log($e->getMessage()); } return $this; } The AddDelegate Method: protected function addDelegate($delegate) { $this->aDelegates[] = $delegate; } The __call Method public function __call($methodName, $parameters) { $delegated = false; foreach ($this->aDelegates as $delegate) { if(class_exists(get_class($delegate))) { if(method_exists($delegate,$methodName)) { $method = new ReflectionMethod(get_class($delegate), $methodName); $function = array($delegate, $methodName); return call_user_func_array($function, $parameters); } } } The __get Method public function __get($property) { foreach($this->aDelegates as $delegate) { if ($delegate->$property !== false) { return $delegate->$property; } } } All this works fine expect the function __set public function __set($property,$value) { //print_r($this->aDelegates); foreach($this->aDelegates as $k=>$delegate) { //print_r($k); //print_r($delegate); if (property_exists($delegate, $property)) { $delegate->$property = $value; } } //$this->addDelegate($delegate); print_r($this->aDelegates); } class tester { public function __set($name,$value) { self::$module->name(self::$name)->__set($name,$value); } } Module::test("logger")->log("test"); // this logs, it works echo Module::test("logger")->path; //prints /home/bla/test/ this is also correct But i cant set any value to class log like this Module::tester("logger")->path ="/home/bla/test/log/"; The path property of class logger is public so its not a problem of protected or private property access. How can i solve this issue? I hope i could explain my problem clear.

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  • send and recive packet in the Lan with multiple mac Addresses in C#

    - by MGH
    Hi , in our Network bandwith assign to mac address and if you can get more than one , you can get more bandwith :) if there any application or class in C# that can do this .... I'm already have the http proxy or port maper to send packets in different ip addresses but because of they are use same mac address it won't work . Any help is appreciated .

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  • Magic Method __set() on a Instanciated Object

    - by streetparade
    Ok i have a problem, sorry if i cant explaint it clear but the code speaks for its self. i have a class which generates objects from a given class name; Say we say the class is Modules: public function name($name) { $this->includeModule($name); try { $module = new ReflectionClass($name); $instance = $module->isInstantiable() ? $module->newInstance() : "Err"; $this->addDelegate($instance); } catch(Exception $e) { Modules::Name("Logger")->log($e->getMessage()); } return $this; } The AddDelegate Method: protected function addDelegate($delegate) { $this->aDelegates[] = $delegate; } The __call Method public function __call($methodName, $parameters) { $delegated = false; foreach ($this->aDelegates as $delegate) { if(class_exists(get_class($delegate))) { if(method_exists($delegate,$methodName)) { $method = new ReflectionMethod(get_class($delegate), $methodName); $function = array($delegate, $methodName); return call_user_func_array($function, $parameters); } } } The __get Method public function __get($property) { foreach($this->aDelegates as $delegate) { if ($delegate->$property !== false) { return $delegate->$property; } } } All this works fine expect the function __set public function __set($property,$value) { //print_r($this->aDelegates); foreach($this->aDelegates as $k=>$delegate) { //print_r($k); //print_r($delegate); if (property_exists($delegate, $property)) { $delegate->$property = $value; } } //$this->addDelegate($delegate); print_r($this->aDelegates); } class tester { public function __set($name,$value) { self::$module->name(self::$name)->__set($name,$value); } } Module::test("logger")->log("test"); // this logs, it works echo Module::test("logger")->path; //prints /home/bla/test/ this is also correct But i cant set any value to class log like this Module::tester("logger")->path ="/home/bla/test/log/"; The path property of class logger is public so its not a problem of protected or private property access. How can i solve this issue? I hope i could explain my problem clear.

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  • obtaining nimbuzz server certificate for nmdecrypt expert in NetMon

    - by lurscher
    I'm using Network Monitor 3.4 with the nmdecrypt expert. I'm opening a nimbuzz conversation node in the conversation window and i click Expert- nmDecrpt - run Expert that shows up a window where i have to add the server certificate. I am not sure how to retrieve the server certificate for nimbuzz XMPP chat service. Any idea how to do this? this question is a follow up question of this one. Edit for some background so it might be that this is encrypted with the server pubkey and i cannot retrieve the message, unless i debug the native binary and try to intercept the encryption code. I have a test client (using agsXMPP) that is able to connect with nimbuzz with no problems. the only thing that is not working is adding invisible mode. It seems this is some packet sent from the official client during login which i want to obtain. any suggestions to try to grab this info would be greatly appreciated. Maybe i should get myself (and learn) IDA pro? This is what i get inspecting the TLS frames on Network Monitor: Frame: Number = 81, Captured Frame Length = 769, MediaType = ETHERNET + Ethernet: Etype = Internet IP (IPv4),DestinationAddress:[...],SourceAddress:[....] + Ipv4: Src = ..., Dest = 192.168.2.101, Next Protocol = TCP, Packet ID = 9939, Total IP Length = 755 - Tcp: Flags=...AP..., SrcPort=5222, DstPort=3578, PayloadLen=715, Seq=4101074854 - 4101075569, Ack=1127356300, Win=4050 (scale factor 0x0) = 4050 SrcPort: 5222 DstPort: 3578 SequenceNumber: 4101074854 (0xF4716FA6) AcknowledgementNumber: 1127356300 (0x4332178C) + DataOffset: 80 (0x50) + Flags: ...AP... Window: 4050 (scale factor 0x0) = 4050 Checksum: 0x8841, Good UrgentPointer: 0 (0x0) TCPPayload: SourcePort = 5222, DestinationPort = 3578 TLSSSLData: Transport Layer Security (TLS) Payload Data - TLS: TLS Rec Layer-1 HandShake: Server Hello.; TLS Rec Layer-2 HandShake: Certificate.; TLS Rec Layer-3 HandShake: Server Hello Done. - TlsRecordLayer: TLS Rec Layer-1 HandShake: ContentType: HandShake: - Version: TLS 1.0 Major: 3 (0x3) Minor: 1 (0x1) Length: 42 (0x2A) - SSLHandshake: SSL HandShake ServerHello(0x02) HandShakeType: ServerHello(0x02) Length: 38 (0x26) - ServerHello: 0x1 + Version: TLS 1.0 + RandomBytes: SessionIDLength: 0 (0x0) TLSCipherSuite: TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA { 0x00, 0x35 } CompressionMethod: 0 (0x0) - TlsRecordLayer: TLS Rec Layer-2 HandShake: ContentType: HandShake: - Version: TLS 1.0 Major: 3 (0x3) Minor: 1 (0x1) Length: 654 (0x28E) - SSLHandshake: SSL HandShake Certificate(0x0B) HandShakeType: Certificate(0x0B) Length: 650 (0x28A) - Cert: 0x1 CertLength: 647 (0x287) - Certificates: CertificateLength: 644 (0x284) - X509Cert: Issuer: nimbuzz.com,Nimbuzz,NL, Subject: nimbuzz.com,Nimbuzz,NL + SequenceHeader: - TbsCertificate: Issuer: nimbuzz.com,Nimbuzz,NL, Subject: nimbuzz.com,Nimbuzz,NL + SequenceHeader: + Tag0: + Version: (2) + SerialNumber: -1018418383 + Signature: Sha1WithRSAEncryption (1.2.840.113549.1.1.5) - Issuer: nimbuzz.com,Nimbuzz,NL - RdnSequence: nimbuzz.com,Nimbuzz,NL + SequenceOfHeader: 0x1 + Name: NL + Name: Nimbuzz + Name: nimbuzz.com + Validity: From: 02/22/10 20:22:32 UTC To: 02/20/20 20:22:32 UTC + Subject: nimbuzz.com,Nimbuzz,NL - SubjectPublicKeyInfo: RsaEncryption (1.2.840.113549.1.1.1) + SequenceHeader: + Algorithm: RsaEncryption (1.2.840.113549.1.1.1) - SubjectPublicKey: - AsnBitStringHeader: - AsnId: BitString type (Universal 3) - LowTag: Class: (00......) Universal (0) Type: (..0.....) Primitive TagValue: (...00011) 3 - AsnLen: Length = 141, LengthOfLength = 1 LengthType: LengthOfLength = 1 Length: 141 bytes BitString: + Tag3: + Extensions: - SignatureAlgorithm: Sha1WithRSAEncryption (1.2.840.113549.1.1.5) - SequenceHeader: - AsnId: Sequence and SequenceOf types (Universal 16) + LowTag: - AsnLen: Length = 13, LengthOfLength = 0 Length: 13 bytes, LengthOfLength = 0 + Algorithm: Sha1WithRSAEncryption (1.2.840.113549.1.1.5) - Parameters: Null Value - Sha1WithRSAEncryption: Null Value + AsnNullHeader: - Signature: - AsnBitStringHeader: - AsnId: BitString type (Universal 3) - LowTag: Class: (00......) Universal (0) Type: (..0.....) Primitive TagValue: (...00011) 3 - AsnLen: Length = 129, LengthOfLength = 1 LengthType: LengthOfLength = 1 Length: 129 bytes BitString: + TlsRecordLayer: TLS Rec Layer-3 HandShake:

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  • How to get an array to work with oops concepts in Perl

    - by superstar
    Hello guys, I need some help regarding the arrays in Perl This is the constructor i have. sub new { my $class = shift; my @includeobjects = (); my @excludeobjects = (); my $Packet = { _PacketName => shift, _Platform => shift, _Version => shift, @_IncludePath => @includeobjects, }; bless $Packet, $class; return $Packet; } sub SetPacketName { my ( $Packet, $PacketName ) = @_; $Packet->{_PacketName} = $PacketName if defined($PacketName); return $Packet->{_PacketName}; } sub SetIncludePath { my ( $Packet, @IncludePath ) = @_; $Packet->{@_IncludePath} = @IncludePath; return $Packet->{@_IncludePath}; } sub GetPacketName { my( $Packet ) = @_; return $Packet->{_PacketName}; } sub GetIncludePath { my( $Packet ) = @_; return $Packet->{@_IncludePath}; } The get and set methods work fine for PacketName. But since IncludePath is an array, I could not get it work. The declaration is what i am not able to get right Any suggestions please...

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  • What are the attack vectors for passwords sent over http?

    - by KevinM
    I am trying to convince a customer to pay for SSL for a web site that requires login. I want to make sure I correctly understand the major scenarios in which someone can see the passwords that are being sent. My understanding is that at any of the hops along the way can use a packet analyzer to view what is being sent. This seems to require that any hacker (or their malware/botnet) be on the same subnet as any of the hops the packet takes to arrive at its destination. Is that right? Assuming some flavor of this subnet requirement holds true, do I need to worry about all the hops or just the first one? The first one I can obviously worry about if they're on a public Wifi network since anyone could be listening in. Should I be worried about what's going on in subnets that packets will travel across outside this? I don't know a ton about network traffic, but I would assume it's flowing through data centers of major carriers and there's not a lot of juicy attack vectors there, but please correct me if I am wrong. Are there other vectors to be worried about outside of someone listening with a packet analyzer? I am a networking and security noob, so please feel free to set me straight if I am using the wrong terminology in any of this.

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  • How do I use an array as an object attribute in Perl?

    - by superstar
    Hello guys, I need some help regarding the arrays in Perl This is the constructor i have. sub new { my $class = shift; my @includeobjects = (); my @excludeobjects = (); my $Packet = { _PacketName => shift, _Platform => shift, _Version => shift, @_IncludePath => @includeobjects, }; bless $Packet, $class; return $Packet; } sub SetPacketName { my ( $Packet, $PacketName ) = @_; $Packet->{_PacketName} = $PacketName if defined($PacketName); return $Packet->{_PacketName}; } sub SetIncludePath { my ( $Packet, @IncludePath ) = @_; $Packet->{@_IncludePath} = @IncludePath; return $Packet->{@_IncludePath}; } sub GetPacketName { my( $Packet ) = @_; return $Packet->{_PacketName}; } sub GetIncludePath { my( $Packet ) = @_; return $Packet->{@_IncludePath}; } The get and set methods work fine for PacketName. But since IncludePath is an array, I could not get it work. The declaration is what I am not able to get right.

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  • Track IP Messenger's chatting by wireshark

    - by Kumar P
    We have Linux server ( RHEL 5 ), and some client machines ( Windows XP ) in local area network. We using server as proxy server. I am using squid proxy. My windows machines using internet by proxy. Now my client machines using IP messenger for chatting and sharing files with in local network. How can i trace what they are doing or chatting by ip messenger, from my server by wireshark packet sniffer ? If i can't do it by wireshark , What will you give idea about it...

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  • redirect all youtube video requests to a specific one

    - by iTayb
    I'm on an IT team in my company and I would like to block youtube to users. I don't want to just deny access to the whole youtube domain, but only to replace the .flv/.mp4 request with the one that I want. That way, if someone tries to watch youtube videos on the network, He'll get a video of why using our expensive bandwidth for pleasure is a no-no. I thought about using a packet manipulation program and just replace the video ID with something that I want, but I didn't manage to do it right.

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  • Get active network interface on Windows

    - by Kevin Walzer
    I'm developing an application that provides a UI to windump, the packet sniffer. Windump has a "-D" parameter that lists all network interfaces it can find, and then you can specify which interface to listen on. However, I'd like to avoid forcing the user to manually configure which interface to listen on. On Unix, I can obtain the right network interface (en0, en1, etc.) via a call to ifconfig and some parsing of the output, but I cannot locate any equivalent Windows API or command that can yield similar information--ipconfig doesn't seem to obtain this data. Can anyone suggest either a Windows command-line tool or an API that can be called via VBScript to obtain this data so that I don't have to present the user with a dialog in my GUI telling them to select the right interface?

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  • Altq limits not being applied to UDP transfers

    - by overkordbaever
    I have a OpenBSD server acting as a router/firewall with yhr packet filter ruleset shown below, a linux server, and a linux client. When transferring files (using netcat) by TCP, the limits are applied (for example the 100mbit limit in the example), though when transferring data by UDP, the limits aren't applied; the file always takes the same amount of time no matter the queue bandwidth limit I set (I can even turn off the queues completely, and will still get the same result). Why aren't the queuing rules applied to UDP packages? The rules used: #queue rules altq on { $int_if, $ext_if } cbq bandwidth 100Mb queue { def, low } queue def bandwidth 0Mb cbq(default) queue low bandwidth 100Mb cbq #Passrules test pass out quick from $int_if to $ext_if queue low pass in quick from $ext_if to $int_if queue low pass out quick from $ext_if to $int_if queue low pass in quick from $int_if to $ext_if queue low I suppose this may be related a question I've previously asked, though since it's more of a separate question, I suppose a separate question should be used for this

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  • Why are some UDP packets getting blocked?

    - by Tom
    In our organization, we have two test machines running Windows XP. While attempting to test a roll-my-own UDP message server, I found that both could receive small messages (under 2k) just fine. However, when I test sending large packets to both of these machines, one receives them fine, while the other can't receive them at all. Both machines have SP3 and both have their Windows Firewall shut off, but one still isn't working. Can anyone tell me where to look for anything that might be blocking or limiting the packet size on a Windows Machine? Thanks.

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  • Hardware for Capturing Packets

    - by Kevin
    One of my clients is a small school district in Texas. Like any school, they often have problems with network'd peripherals such as printers, et al. It would be nice to be able to simply "listen" to what the printer and PC are saying to each other (or not saying more importantly)... The problem is that I can't find old-style "hubs" anymore, and even if I could, it's not a long-term solution. All of the devices that I have found to replicate the purpose of a simple hub are either $100+ or are difficult to throw into a networking tool kit (aka my backpack)... Now that hubs are dead, what's the new low-cost standard for simple packet capture in the networking world?

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  • How to detect an iPhone connecting a network?

    - by JayCrossler
    I've noticed through watching Wireshark that when an iPhone connects to a wifi network, it sends out a few IGMP/MDNS packets to 224.0.0.251 (LAN broadcast, I think). Is there any easy way to watch for these packets and then either run a script or send an event? Or, is the best way to just run a packet sniffer? Any simple ones that can send events or execute curl commands when a filter is triggered? When I run nc -u -l 5353 I get: My-Name-iPhonelocal??? x???)?? ??cc^C Can I do something like: nc -u -l 5353 | grep iPhonelocal | execute command...

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  • Apple MagicMouse randomly loses connection

    - by Yuval
    My Magic Mouse periodically randomly loses connection to my macbook, sitting approximately a foot and a half away from it. There are no software updates available for Snow Leopard (10.6.3). I have a bluetooth keyboard (that sits a little closer to the macbook, though I'm not sure this is the issue) that rarely suffers from this problem. Google results mostly suggest to update the software but I have the most updated version of it already. Does anybody have any idea what could be causing the issue? Is this simply a defective mouse? Additional info: I tried replacing the batteries with new ones, making sure they are sitting tightly in their position with no change in behavior (still disconnects periodically). Also, this doesn't seem to be a problem that the mouse is turning itself off to save battery - it does not reconnect when I move or click it. If I wait long enough (a couple of minutes) it reconnects on its own. Otherwise I have to go to the bluetooth menu with my macbook touchpad and choose "yuval's mouse - Connect"

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  • Why my /usr/share/file/magic is not found, in PHP at CentOS?

    - by Vincenzo
    This is what I'm doing: $ php <?php $finfo=finfo_open(FILEINFO_MIME, '/usr/share/file/magic'); This is what I'm getting: PHP Notice: finfo_open(): Warning: description `8-bit ISDN mu-law compressed (CCITT G.721 ADPCM voice data enco' truncated in - on line 2 PHP Notice: finfo_open(): Warning: description `8-bit ISDN mu-law compressed (CCITT G.721 ADPCM voice data enco' truncated in - on line 2 PHP Notice: finfo_open(): Warning: <= not supported in - on line 2 PHP Notice: finfo_open(): Warning: <= not supported in - on line 2 PHP Notice: finfo_open(): Warning: <= not supported in - on line 2 PHP Notice: finfo_open(): Warning: >= not supported in - on line 2 PHP Warning: finfo_open(): Failed to load magic database at '/usr/share/file/magic'. in - on line 2 This is a clean CentOS 5.5 installation, PHP 5.3. The file /usr/share/file/magic exists and is accessible.

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  • Is MarshalByRefObject special?

    - by Vilx-
    .NET has a thing called remoting where you can pass objects around between separate appdomains or even physical machines. I don't fully understand how the magic is done, hence this question. In remoting there are two base ways of passing objects around - either they can be serialized (converted to a bunch of bytes and the rebuilt at the other end) or they can inherit from MarshalByRefObject, in which case .NET makes some transparent proxies and all method calls are forwarded back to the original instance. This is pretty cool and works like magic. And I don't like magic in programming. Looking at the MarshalByRefObject with the Reflector I don't see anything that would set it apart from any other typical object. Not even a weird internal attribute or anything. So how is the whole transparent proxy thing organized? Can I make such a mechanism myself? Can I make an alternate MyMarshalByRefObject which would not inherit from MarshalByRefObject but would still act the same? Or is MarshalByRefObject receiving some special treatment by the .NET engine itself and the whole remoting feat is non-duplicatable by mere mortals?

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  • iPod touch has extremely slow wifi, drops packets - only on my router

    - by mskfisher
    I just purchased an iPod Touch. I am having a lot of trouble with its speeds on my Tenda W311R, but it has no speed problems on my neighbor's Netgear router. It will connect and authenticate to my network, but the Speed Test app from speedtest.net shows rates near 20-50 kbps. If I run the speed test immediately after powering the iPod on, it will get speeds of 10-20 Mbps, like it should - but the speeds slow down to the kbps range abut 10-15 seconds afterward. I get the same behavior with encryption and without encryption, and regardless of N, G, or B compatibility settings in the router. I've tried rebooting the iPod and resetting the network settings, but it's still slow. I've tried pinging the iPod from another computer, and it shows about 40% packet loss: $ ping 192.168.0.111 PING 192.168.0.111 (192.168.0.111): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 192.168.0.111: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=14.188 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.0.111: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=11.556 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.0.111: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=5.675 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.0.111: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=5.721 ms Request timeout for icmp_seq 4 64 bytes from 192.168.0.111: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=6.491 ms Request timeout for icmp_seq 6 64 bytes from 192.168.0.111: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=8.065 ms Request timeout for icmp_seq 8 Request timeout for icmp_seq 9 Request timeout for icmp_seq 10 64 bytes from 192.168.0.111: icmp_seq=11 ttl=64 time=9.605 ms Signal strength is good - I'm never more than 20 feet from my access point, and it exhibits the same behavior if I'm standing next to the router. It works just well enough to receive text, but videos don't work at all. App downloads are hit and miss. I've tweaked just about all of the settings I can see to tweak, and I'm at a loss. I have also been searching Google for the past three days, all to no avail. Any suggestions?

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  • What speed are Wi-Fi management and control frames sent at?

    - by Bryce Thomas
    There are a bunch of different 802.11 Wi-Fi standards, e.g. 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n etc. that all support different speeds. Wi-Fi frames are generally categorised as one of the following: Data frames - carry the actual application data Control frames - coordinate when its safe to send/reduce collisions Management frames - handle connection discovery/setup/tear down (e.g. AP discovery, association, disassociation) My question is about whether all these frames, and specifically management frames, are transmitted at the fastest supported speed available, or whether certain classes of frames are transmitted at some lowest common denominator speed. I have noticed that when I put an 802.11b/g only device into monitor mode and capture traffic over the air, I still see management frames (e.g. association/disassociation) being transmitted between my phone and AP which are both 802.11n, even though 802.11n has a higher transfer rate. So I am imagining one of two possibilities: My 802.11n phone/AP had to negotiate a slower speed for some reason and that's why I can see their frames on my 802.11b/g monitoring device. Management frames (and perhaps control frames also?) are sent at a lower speed, and it's only data frames that are transmitted faster with newer 802.11 standards. The reason I would like to know which one of these two possibilities (or perhaps a third possibility) is the case is that I want to capture management frames, and need to know whether using an 802.11b/g card is going to lead to me missing some frames sent at higher speeds than the monitoring card can observe. If management frames are indeed sent at a slower rate, then it's all good. If I just happen to be seeing the management frames because my phone/AP have negotiated a slower rate though, then I need to reconsider what card I use for packet capture.

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