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  • Use test to check for condition with find and execdir option

    - by slosd
    I think I can keep my question short. Why does the following command produce no output? find /usr/share/themes -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 -type d -execdir test -d {}/gnome-shell \; I expected it to print all folders in /usr/share/themes that contain a folder gnome-shell. Several websites suggest that this usage of test as a command in exec/execdir is possible. From man find: -exec command ; Execute command; true if 0 status is returned. [...]

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  • What PowerShell/WSMan clients or queries are consuming more than 1000 requests per 2 seconds?

    - by makerofthings7
    Exchange 2010 remote administration tools are complaining with the following error [txexmb02.ibm.com] Connecting to remote server failed with the following error message : The WS-Management service cannot process the request. The system load quota of 1000 requests per 2 seconds has been exceeded. Send future requests at a slower rate or raise the system quota. The next request from this user will not be approved for at least 558475776 milliseconds. For more information, see the about_Remote_Troubleshooting Help topic. + CategoryInfo : OpenError: (System.Manageme....RemoteRunspace:RemoteRunspace) [], PSRemotingTransportException + FullyQualifiedErrorId : PSSessionOpenFailed VERBOSE: Connecting to TXEXHC02.ibm.com The help document this error referrers to says this is a WS-Man error. We're running SCOM 2007 R2 and am thinking that is increasing the query count, but I need to prove it.

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  • SSD: NTFS vs EXT4

    - by Joshua
    Always when I read about SSD usage under Linux, the advice is to disable journalling in Ext4 (or use Ext2), since it's too bad for your SSD. But in all articles about SSD tweaks for Windows, I never see any mentions that you should disable NTFS journalling, or that you should stick to FAT32. I know Ext4's journaling is more advanced, but is it so much more damaging to a SSD than that of NTFS? Or are Linux users just a little bit more cautious?

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  • How to make ssh match known_hosts to host/ip:port instead of just host/ip?

    - by Prody
    I have two machines behind a firewall, with the ssh ports forwarded to 2201 and 2202. When I ssh host -p 2201 it asks if I trust the machine, I say yes, it gets added to ~/.ssh/known_hosts Then I ssh host -p 2202 it doesn't let me, because there's already a known_host for this IP in ~/.ssh/known_host:1 (the file was empty when I started, so line 1 is the one added by the previous ssh run) This happens on CentOS 5.4. On other distros (I've tried Arch), it appears that ssh matches the knwown_hosts to the ports too, so I can have multiple fingerprints for multiple ports on the same host/ip without any problems. How can I get this same behavior for CentOS? I couldn't find anything in man ssh_config. (or at least not without disabling fingerprint checking)

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  • PuTTY: how to properly emulate -t option

    - by John Sonderson
    On Linux the ssh command has a -t option whose man page reads: Force pseudo-tty allocation. This can be used to execute arbitrary screen-based programs on a remote machine, which can be very useful, e.g. when implementing menu services. Multiple -t options force tty allocate, even if ssh has no local tty. I would like to use this same option with PuTTY on Windows. In particular, I can see that PuTTY has a bunch of options under: Category - Connection - SSH - TTY and suspect it might be possible to achieve the same behavior via some of the (NUMEROUS!) settings found on this screen. Anyone know how to configure the following command: ssh -t USER,[email protected] create Thanks!

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  • Encrypt windows 8 file history

    - by SnippetSpace
    File history is great but it saves your files on the external drive without any encryption and stores them using the exact same folder structure as the originals. If a bad guy gets his hands on the hard drive it could basically not be easier to get to your important files. Is there any way to encrypt the file history backup without breaking its functionality and without having to encrypt the original content itself? Thanks for your input!

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  • Testifying that somaxconn change can make a difference

    - by petermolnar
    I got into an argument on the net.core.somaxconn parameter: I was told that it will not make any difference if we change the default 128. I believed this might be enough proof: "If the backlog argument is greater than the value in /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn, then it is silently truncated to that value" http://linux.die.net/man/2/listen but it's not. So does anyone know a method to testify this with two machines, one running, for example MySQL or LVS and the other is hammering it in a GBit network? I'm opened to any solution, scripts are slightly more welcome.

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  • Postfix sendmail bypass restrictions [on hold]

    - by EnEli
    I have setup a postfix/dovecot mail server and all thing work fine! BUT: I use virtual mailboxes and when you try to send a mail to a non existent mailbox via telnet postfix will punch you... But if you use sendmail, all restricitons are bypassed... This is bad becuase dovecot does not know what to do with this mail! It will stay in the queue for ever... How can I force sendmail to use normal smtp?

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  • Quick method to determine SSD drive health?

    - by ewwhite
    I have an Intel X-25M drive that was marked "failed" twice in a ZFS storage array, as noted here. However, after removing the drive, it seems to to mount, read and write in other computers (Mac, PC, USB enclosure, etc.) Is there a good way to determine the drive's present health? I feel that the previous failure in the ZFS solution was the convergence of bugs, bad error reporting and hardware. It seems like this drive may have some life in it, though.

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  • Level 3 Communications Monitoring

    - by thursdasy
    Does level 3 Communications offer any type of map of current network status? It seems our connection here is getting high latency through their network. Also what is the experience asking them questions about if one of their appliances is malfunctioning or being overloaded because you are receiving bad latency in their network?

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  • USB ports not working after restoring back

    - by jmainock
    After restoring this computer with a backup it appears that 2 of the 5 usb ports no longer work. I'm thinking that there is something corrupted on the backup disk causing the failure. When I plug in a usb keyboard to these ports the system will not recognize the new hardware on the 2 bad ports but does recognize new hardware on the remaining three ports. All the ports were working prior to the restoration.

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  • USB ports not working after restoring back

    - by jmainock
    After restoring this computer with a backup it appears that 2 of the 5 usb ports no longer work. I'm thinking that there is something corrupted on the backup disk causing the failure. When I plug in a usb keyboard to these ports the system will not recognize the new hardware on the 2 bad ports but does recognize new hardware on the remaining three ports. All the ports were working prior to the restoration.

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  • Is it OK to have a diferent hostname to fqdn?

    - by Cameron Ball
    I have a server with fqdn git.mydomain.com (this is in DNS) but I don't really want the machine to have git as its hostname. Right now I have the hostname in /etc/hostname set as (for example): mycustomhostname And in /etc/hosts I have 1.2.3.4 git.mydomain.com mycustomhostname (Where 1.2.3.4 is my server's IP) I've read that the first component of the FQDN should always be the unqualified hostname, so is what I'm doing bad? If so, what is the correct way to do what I want?

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  • Virtual PC in Remote Desktop session runs very slowly??

    - by Michael Bray
    I have a VPN to my work which is quite fast... I Remote Desktop to my work PC, which is running a Microsoft Virtual PC. Working with the PC while I'm actually at work isn't too bad, but when I try to interact with it over the remote desktop, it is VERY slow to respond. Even simple typing can be slow, but screen painting and response time is painfully obvious. Any suggestions to help speed it up?

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  • ssh (openSSH) questions

    - by Camran
    I have ubuntu 9.10 server. Firstly, is OpenSSH the same as SSHD? Secondly, In the terminal when typing whereis sshd i get this: whereis sshd /usr/sbin/sshd Also when typing whereis openssh i get this: whereis openssh /usr/lib/openssh How do I know if I have openssh? Also, some tutorials online suggest opening sshd_config, so when typing this: whereis sshd_config /usr/share/man/man5/sshd_config.5.gz // I get this... What should I do, because as you have answered my other Q about security, you have pointed out that it is the way you configure your ssh and etc which is important. Is there any guide for this? How should I configure this? I will be the only user for this server btw... If you need more input let me know and I will update this Q. Thanks

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  • ssh (openSSH) questions

    - by Camran
    I have ubuntu 9.10 server. Firstly, is OpenSSH the same as SSHD? Secondly, In the terminal when typing whereis sshd i get this: whereis sshd /usr/sbin/sshd Also when typing whereis openssh i get this: whereis openssh /usr/lib/openssh How do I know if I have openssh? Also, some tutorials online suggest opening sshd_config, so when typing this: whereis sshd_config /usr/share/man/man5/sshd_config.5.gz // I get this... What should I do, because as you have answered my other Q about security, you have pointed out that it is the way you configure your ssh and etc which is important. Is there any guide for this? How should I configure this? I will be the only user for this server btw... If you need more input let me know and I will update this Q. Thanks

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  • Securing Web Service communication with SSL using CXF

    - by reef
    Hi all, I am trying to secure communications via SSL/TLS for one of our Web Service using CXF 2.2.5. I am wondering how to update client and server Spring configuration file to activate this feature. I found some information on CXF's website (CXF Wiki) for the client configuration, here is the given example: <http:conduit name="{http://apache.org/hello_world}HelloWorld.http-conduit"> <http:tlsClientParameters> <sec:keyManagers keyPassword="password"> <sec:keyStore type="JKS" password="password" file="src/test/java/org/apache/cxf/systest/http/resources/Morpit.jks"/> </sec:keyManagers> <sec:trustManagers> <sec:keyStore type="JKS" password="password" file="src/test/java/org/apache/cxf/systest/http/resources/Truststore.jks"/> </sec:trustManagers> <sec:cipherSuitesFilter> <!-- these filters ensure that a ciphersuite with export-suitable or null encryption is used, but exclude anonymous Diffie-Hellman key change as this is vulnerable to man-in-the-middle attacks --> <sec:include>.*_EXPORT_.*</sec:include> <sec:include>.*_EXPORT1024_.*</sec:include> <sec:include>.*_WITH_DES_.*</sec:include> <sec:include>.*_WITH_NULL_.*</sec:include> <sec:exclude>.*_DH_anon_.*</sec:exclude> </sec:cipherSuitesFilter> </http:tlsClientParameters> <http:authorization> <sec:UserName>Betty</sec:UserName> <sec:Password>password</sec:Password> </http:authorization> <http:client AutoRedirect="true" Connection="Keep-Alive"/> </http:conduit> Concerning this configuration, the Concerning the server side configuration I am unable to launch the server properly, here is the configuration I have: <http:destination name="{urn:ihe:iti:xds-b:2007}DocumentRepository_Port_Soap12.http-destination"> </http:destination> <httpj:engine-factory> <httpj:engine port="9043"> <httpj:tlsServerParameters> <sec:keyManagers keyPassword="changeit"> <sec:keyStore type="JKS" password="changeit" file="security/keystore.jks" /> </sec:keyManagers> <sec:trustManagers> <sec:keyStore type="JKS" password="changeit" file="security/cacerts.jks" /> </sec:trustManagers> <sec:cipherSuitesFilter> <!-- these filters ensure that a ciphersuite with export-suitable or null encryption is used, but exclude anonymous Diffie-Hellman key change as this is vulnerable to man-in-the-middle attacks --> <sec:include>.*_EXPORT_.*</sec:include> <sec:include>.*_EXPORT1024_.*</sec:include> <sec:include>.*_WITH_DES_.*</sec:include> <sec:include>.*_WITH_NULL_.*</sec:include> <sec:exclude>.*_DH_anon_.*</sec:exclude> </sec:cipherSuitesFilter> <sec:clientAuthentication want="true" required="true" /> </httpj:tlsServerParameters> </httpj:engine> </httpj:engine-factory> But when I run my application server (JOnas) with this configuration I have the following error message: Line 20 in XML document from ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/beans.xml] is invalid; nested exception is org.xml.sax.SAXParseException: cvc-complex-type.2.4.c: The matching wildcard is strict, but no declaration can be found for element 'httpj:engine-factory'. Do you guys know how to solve this issue? Thanks in advance,

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  • delphi idhttp post related question

    - by paul
    hello All im new to delphi. and also almost new to programming world. i was made some simple post software which using idhttp module. but when execute it , it not correctly working. this simple program is check for my account status. if account login successfully it return some source code which include 'top.location =' in source, and if login failed it return not included 'top.location =' inside account.txt is follow first and third account was alived account but only first account can check, after first account other account can't check i have no idea what wrong with it ph896011 pk1089 fsadfasdf dddddss ph896011 pk1089 following is source of delphi if any one help me much apprecated! unit Unit1; interface uses Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms, Dialogs, StdCtrls, IdBaseComponent, IdComponent, IdTCPConnection, IdTCPClient, IdHTTP, IdCookieManager, ExtCtrls; type TForm1 = class(TForm) Button1: TButton; IdHTTP1: TIdHTTP; Memo1: TMemo; IdCookieManager1: TIdCookieManager; lstAcct: TListBox; result: TLabel; Edit1: TEdit; Timer1: TTimer; procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject); //procedure FormCreate(Sender: TObject); //procedure FormClose(Sender: TObject; var Action: TCloseAction); private { Private declarations } public AccList: TStringList; IdCookie: TIdCookieManager; CookieList: TList; StartCnt: Integer; InputCnt: Integer; WordList: TStringList; WordNoList: TStringList; WordCntList: TStringList; StartTime: TDateTime; end; var Form1: TForm1; implementation {$R *.dfm} procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject); var i: Integer; //temp: String; lsttemp: TStringList; sl : tstringlist; //userId,userPass: string; begin InputCnt:= 0; WordList := TStringList.Create; CookieList := TList.create; IdCookie := TIdCookieManager.Create(self); if FileExists(ExtractFilePath(Application.ExeName) + 'account.txt') then WordList.LoadFromFile(ExtractFilePath(Application.ExeName) + 'account.txt'); WordNoList:= TStringList.Create; WordCntList := TStringList.Create; lsttemp := TStringList.create; sl :=Tstringlist.Create; try try for i := 0 to WordList.Count -1 do begin ExtractStrings([' '], [' '], pchar(WordList[i]), lsttemp); WordNoList.add(lsttemp[0]); //ShowMessage(lsttemp[0]); WordCntList.add(lsttemp[1]); //ShowMessage(lsttemp[1]); sl.Add('ID='+ lsttemp[0]); sl.add('PWD=' + lsttemp[1]); sl.add('SECCHK=0'); IdHTTP1.HandleRedirects := True; IdHTTP1.Request.ContentType := 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'; memo1.Text:=idhttp1.Post('http://user.buddybuddy.co.kr/Login/Login.asp',sl); if pos('top.location =',Memo1.Text)> 0 then begin application.ProcessMessages; ShowMessage('Alive Acc!'); //result.Caption := 'alive acc' ; sleep(1000); Edit1.Text := 'alive acc'; lsttemp.Clear; Memo1.Text := ''; //memo1.Text := IdHTTP1.Get('https://user.buddybuddy.co.kr/Login/Logout.asp'); Sleep(1000); end; if pos('top.location =', memo1.Text) <> 1 then begin application.ProcessMessages; ShowMessage('bad'); Edit1.Text := 'bad'; //edit1.Text := 'bad'; lsttemp.Clear; memo1.Text := ''; sleep(1000) ; end; Edit1.Text := ''; end; finally lsttemp.free; end; StartCnt := lstAcct.items.Count; StartTime := Now; finally sl.Free; end; end; end.

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  • Error in python - don't understand

    - by Jasper
    Hi, I'm creating a game, and am quite new to Python generally. I created a function 'descriptionGenerator()' which generates a description for characters and objects either randomly or using variables passed to it. It seemed to be working, but every now and then it wouldn't work correctly. So i placed it in a loop, and it never seems to be able to complete the loop without one of the iterations having this problem. The code is as follows: #+------------------------------------------+ #| Name: bitsandpieces.py | #| A module for the 'Europa I' game | #| created for the Game Making Competition | #| | #| Date Created/Modified: | #| 3/4/10 | 3/4/10 | #+------------------------------------------+ # Import the required modules # Import system modules: import time import random # Import 3rd party modules: # Import game modules: # Define the 'descriptionGenerator()' function def descriptionGenerator(descriptionVariables): descriptionVariableSize = len(descriptionVariables) if descriptionVariables[0] == 'char': # If there is only one variable ('char'), create a random description if descriptionVariableSize == 1: # Define choices for descriptionVariables to be generated from gender_choices = ['male', 'female'] hair_choices = ['black', 'red', 'blonde', 'grey', 'brown', 'blue'] hair_choices2 = ['long', 'short', 'cropped', 'curly'] size_choices = ['tubby', 'thin', 'fat', 'almost twig-like'] demeanour_choices = ['glowering', 'bright', 'smiling', 'sombre', 'intelligent'] impression_choices = ['likeable', 'unlikeable', 'dangerous', 'annoying', 'afraid'] # Define description variables gender = random.choice(gender_choices) height = str(float('0.' + str(random.randint(1, 9))) + float(random.randint(1, 2))) if float(height) > 1.8: height_string = 'tall' if float(height) > 2: height_string = 'very tall' elif float(height) < 1.8 and float(height) > 1.5: height_string = 'average' elif float(height) < 1.5: height_string = 'short' if float(height) < 1.3: height_string = 'very short' hair = random.choice(hair_choices2) + ' ' + random.choice(hair_choices) size = random.choice(size_choices) demeanour = random.choice(demeanour_choices) impression = random.choice(impression_choices) # Collect description variables in list 'randomDescriptionVariables' randomDescriptionVariables = ['char', gender, height, height_string, hair, size, demeanour, impression] # Generate description using the 'descriptionGenerator' function descriptionGenerator(randomDescriptionVariables) # Generate the description of a character using the variables passed to the function elif descriptionVariableSize == 8: if descriptionVariables[1] == 'male': if descriptionVariables[7] != 'afraid': print """A %s man, about %s m tall. He has %s hair and is %s. He is %s and you get the impression that he is %s.""" %(descriptionVariables[3], descriptionVariables[2], descriptionVariables[4], descriptionVariables[5], descriptionVariables[6], descriptionVariables[7]) elif descriptionVariables[7] == 'afraid': print """A %s man, about %s m tall. He has %s hair and is %s. He is %s.\nYou feel that you should be %s of him.""" %(descriptionVariables[3], descriptionVariables[2], descriptionVariables[4], descriptionVariables[5], descriptionVariables[6], descriptionVariables[7]) elif descriptionVariables[1] == 'female': if descriptionVariables[7] != 'afraid': print """A %s woman, about %s m tall. She has %s hair and is %s. She is %s and you get the impression that she is %s.""" %(descriptionVariables[3], descriptionVariables[2], descriptionVariables[4], descriptionVariables[5], descriptionVariables[6], descriptionVariables[7]) elif descriptionVariables[7] == 'afraid': print """A %s woman, about %s m tall. She has %s hair and is %s. She is %s.\nYou feel that you should be %s of her.""" %(descriptionVariables[3], descriptionVariables[2], descriptionVariables[4], descriptionVariables[5], descriptionVariables[6], descriptionVariables[7]) else: pass elif descriptionVariables[0] == 'obj': # Insert code here 2 deal with object stuff pass print print myDescriptionVariables = ['char'] i = 0 while i < 30: print print print descriptionGenerator(myDescriptionVariables) i = i + 1 time.sleep(10) When it fails to properly execute it says this: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/Users/Jasper/Development/Programming/MyProjects/Game Making Challenge/Europa I/Code/Code 2.0/bitsandpieces.py", line 79, in <module> descriptionGenerator(myDescriptionVariables) File "/Users/Jasper/Development/Programming/MyProjects/Game Making Challenge/Europa I/Code/Code 2.0/bitsandpieces.py", line 50, in descriptionGenerator randomDescriptionVariables = ['char', gender, height, height_string, hair, size, demeanour, impression] UnboundLocalError: local variable 'height_string' referenced before assignment Thanks for any help with this

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  • How do encrypt a long or int using the Bouncy Castle crypto routines for BlackBerry?

    - by DanG
    How do encrypt/decrypt a long or int using the Bouncy Castle crypto routines for BlackBerry? I know how to encrypt/decrypt a String. I can encrypt a long but can't get a long to decrypt properly. Some of this is poorly done, but I'm just trying stuff out at the moment. I've included my entire crypto engine here: import org.bouncycastle.crypto.BufferedBlockCipher; import org.bouncycastle.crypto.DataLengthException; import org.bouncycastle.crypto.InvalidCipherTextException; import org.bouncycastle.crypto.engines.AESFastEngine; import org.bouncycastle.crypto.paddings.PaddedBufferedBlockCipher; import org.bouncycastle.crypto.params.KeyParameter; public class CryptoEngine { // Global Variables // Global Objects private static AESFastEngine engine; private static BufferedBlockCipher cipher; private static KeyParameter key; public static boolean setEncryptionKey(String keyText) { // adding in spaces to force a proper key keyText += " "; // cutting off at 128 bits (16 characters) keyText = keyText.substring(0, 16); keyText = HelperMethods.cleanUpNullString(keyText); byte[] keyBytes = keyText.getBytes(); key = new KeyParameter(keyBytes); engine = new AESFastEngine(); cipher = new PaddedBufferedBlockCipher(engine); // just for now return true; } public static String encryptString(String plainText) { try { byte[] plainArray = plainText.getBytes(); cipher.init(true, key); byte[] cipherBytes = new byte[cipher.getOutputSize(plainArray.length)]; int cipherLength = cipher.processBytes(plainArray, 0, plainArray.length, cipherBytes, 0); cipher.doFinal(cipherBytes, cipherLength); String cipherString = new String(cipherBytes); return cipherString; } catch (DataLengthException e) { Logger.logToConsole(e); } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) { Logger.logToConsole(e); } catch (IllegalStateException e) { Logger.logToConsole(e); } catch (InvalidCipherTextException e) { Logger.logToConsole(e); } catch (Exception ex) { Logger.logToConsole(ex); } // else return "";// default bad value } public static String decryptString(String encryptedText) { try { byte[] cipherBytes = encryptedText.getBytes(); cipher.init(false, key); byte[] decryptedBytes = new byte[cipher.getOutputSize(cipherBytes.length)]; int decryptedLength = cipher.processBytes(cipherBytes, 0, cipherBytes.length, decryptedBytes, 0); cipher.doFinal(decryptedBytes, decryptedLength); String decryptedString = new String(decryptedBytes); // crop accordingly int index = decryptedString.indexOf("\u0000"); if (index >= 0) { decryptedString = decryptedString.substring(0, index); } return decryptedString; } catch (DataLengthException e) { Logger.logToConsole(e); } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) { Logger.logToConsole(e); } catch (IllegalStateException e) { Logger.logToConsole(e); } catch (InvalidCipherTextException e) { Logger.logToConsole(e); } catch (Exception ex) { Logger.logToConsole(ex); } // else return "";// default bad value } private static byte[] convertLongToByteArray(long longToConvert) { return new byte[] { (byte) (longToConvert >>> 56), (byte) (longToConvert >>> 48), (byte) (longToConvert >>> 40), (byte) (longToConvert >>> 32), (byte) (longToConvert >>> 24), (byte) (longToConvert >>> 16), (byte) (longToConvert >>> 8), (byte) (longToConvert) }; } private static long convertByteArrayToLong(byte[] byteArrayToConvert) { long returnable = 0; for (int counter = 0; counter < byteArrayToConvert.length; counter++) { returnable += ((byteArrayToConvert[byteArrayToConvert.length - counter - 1] & 0xFF) << counter * 8); } if (returnable < 0) { returnable++; } return returnable; } public static long encryptLong(long plainLong) { try { String plainString = String.valueOf(plainLong); String cipherString = encryptString(plainString); byte[] cipherBytes = cipherString.getBytes(); long returnable = convertByteArrayToLong(cipherBytes); return returnable; } catch (Exception e) { Logger.logToConsole(e); } // else return Integer.MIN_VALUE;// default bad value } public static long decryptLong(long encryptedLong) { byte[] cipherBytes = convertLongToByteArray(encryptedLong); cipher.init(false, key); byte[] decryptedBytes = new byte[cipher.getOutputSize(cipherBytes.length)]; int decryptedLength = cipherBytes.length; try { cipher.doFinal(decryptedBytes, decryptedLength); } catch (DataLengthException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IllegalStateException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } catch (InvalidCipherTextException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } catch (Exception e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } long plainLong = convertByteArrayToLong(decryptedBytes); return plainLong; } public static boolean encryptBoolean(int plainBoolean) { return false; } public static boolean decryptBoolean(int encryptedBoolean) { return false; } public static boolean testLongToByteArrayConversion() { boolean returnable = true; // fails out of the bounds of an integer, the conversion to long from byte // array does not hold, need to figure out a better solution for (long counter = -1000000; counter < 1000000; counter++) { long test = counter; byte[] bytes = convertLongToByteArray(test); long result = convertByteArrayToLong(bytes); if (result != test) { returnable = false; Logger.logToConsole("long conversion failed"); Logger.logToConsole("test = " + test + "\n result = " + result); } // regardless } // the end Logger.logToConsole("final returnable result = " + returnable); return returnable; } }

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  • Python - Converting CSV to Objects - Code Design

    - by victorhooi
    Hi, I have a small script we're using to read in a CSV file containing employees, and perform some basic manipulations on that data. We read in the data (import_gd_dump), and create an Employees object, containing a list of Employee objects (maybe I should think of a better naming convention...lol). We then call clean_all_phone_numbers() on Employees, which calls clean_phone_number() on each Employee, as well as lookup_all_supervisors(), on Employees. import csv import re import sys #class CSVLoader: # """Virtual class to assist with loading in CSV files.""" # def import_gd_dump(self, input_file='Gp Directory 20100331 original.csv'): # gd_extract = csv.DictReader(open(input_file), dialect='excel') # employees = [] # for row in gd_extract: # curr_employee = Employee(row) # employees.append(curr_employee) # return employees # #self.employees = {row['dbdirid']:row for row in gd_extract} # Previously, this was inside a (virtual) class called "CSVLoader". # However, according to here (http://tomayko.com/writings/the-static-method-thing) - the idiomatic way of doing this in Python is not with a class-fucntion but with a module-level function def import_gd_dump(input_file='Gp Directory 20100331 original.csv'): """Return a list ('employee') of dict objects, taken from a Group Directory CSV file.""" gd_extract = csv.DictReader(open(input_file), dialect='excel') employees = [] for row in gd_extract: employees.append(row) return employees def write_gd_formatted(employees_dict, output_file="gd_formatted.csv"): """Read in an Employees() object, and write out each Employee() inside this to a CSV file""" gd_output_fieldnames = ('hrid', 'mail', 'givenName', 'sn', 'dbcostcenter', 'dbdirid', 'hrreportsto', 'PHFull', 'PHFull_message', 'SupervisorEmail', 'SupervisorFirstName', 'SupervisorSurname') try: gd_formatted = csv.DictWriter(open(output_file, 'w', newline=''), fieldnames=gd_output_fieldnames, extrasaction='ignore', dialect='excel') except IOError: print('Unable to open file, IO error (Is it locked?)') sys.exit(1) headers = {n:n for n in gd_output_fieldnames} gd_formatted.writerow(headers) for employee in employees_dict.employee_list: # We're using the employee object's inbuilt __dict__ attribute - hmm, is this good practice? gd_formatted.writerow(employee.__dict__) class Employee: """An Employee in the system, with employee attributes (name, email, cost-centre etc.)""" def __init__(self, employee_attributes): """We use the Employee constructor to convert a dictionary into instance attributes.""" for k, v in employee_attributes.items(): setattr(self, k, v) def clean_phone_number(self): """Perform some rudimentary checks and corrections, to make sure numbers are in the right format. Numbers should be in the form 0XYYYYYYYY, where X is the area code, and Y is the local number.""" if self.telephoneNumber is None or self.telephoneNumber == '': return '', 'Missing phone number.' else: standard_format = re.compile(r'^\+(?P<intl_prefix>\d{2})\((?P<area_code>\d)\)(?P<local_first_half>\d{4})-(?P<local_second_half>\d{4})') extra_zero = re.compile(r'^\+(?P<intl_prefix>\d{2})\(0(?P<area_code>\d)\)(?P<local_first_half>\d{4})-(?P<local_second_half>\d{4})') missing_hyphen = re.compile(r'^\+(?P<intl_prefix>\d{2})\(0(?P<area_code>\d)\)(?P<local_first_half>\d{4})(?P<local_second_half>\d{4})') if standard_format.search(self.telephoneNumber): result = standard_format.search(self.telephoneNumber) return '0' + result.group('area_code') + result.group('local_first_half') + result.group('local_second_half'), '' elif extra_zero.search(self.telephoneNumber): result = extra_zero.search(self.telephoneNumber) return '0' + result.group('area_code') + result.group('local_first_half') + result.group('local_second_half'), 'Extra zero in area code - ask user to remediate. ' elif missing_hyphen.search(self.telephoneNumber): result = missing_hyphen.search(self.telephoneNumber) return '0' + result.group('area_code') + result.group('local_first_half') + result.group('local_second_half'), 'Missing hyphen in local component - ask user to remediate. ' else: return '', "Number didn't match recognised format. Original text is: " + self.telephoneNumber class Employees: def __init__(self, import_list): self.employee_list = [] for employee in import_list: self.employee_list.append(Employee(employee)) def clean_all_phone_numbers(self): for employee in self.employee_list: #Should we just set this directly in Employee.clean_phone_number() instead? employee.PHFull, employee.PHFull_message = employee.clean_phone_number() # Hmm, the search is O(n^2) - there's probably a better way of doing this search? def lookup_all_supervisors(self): for employee in self.employee_list: if employee.hrreportsto is not None and employee.hrreportsto != '': for supervisor in self.employee_list: if supervisor.hrid == employee.hrreportsto: (employee.SupervisorEmail, employee.SupervisorFirstName, employee.SupervisorSurname) = supervisor.mail, supervisor.givenName, supervisor.sn break else: (employee.SupervisorEmail, employee.SupervisorFirstName, employee.SupervisorSurname) = ('Supervisor not found.', 'Supervisor not found.', 'Supervisor not found.') else: (employee.SupervisorEmail, employee.SupervisorFirstName, employee.SupervisorSurname) = ('Supervisor not set.', 'Supervisor not set.', 'Supervisor not set.') #Is thre a more pythonic way of doing this? def print_employees(self): for employee in self.employee_list: print(employee.__dict__) if __name__ == '__main__': db_employees = Employees(import_gd_dump()) db_employees.clean_all_phone_numbers() db_employees.lookup_all_supervisors() #db_employees.print_employees() write_gd_formatted(db_employees) Firstly, my preamble question is, can you see anything inherently wrong with the above, from either a class design or Python point-of-view? Is the logic/design sound? Anyhow, to the specifics: The Employees object has a method, clean_all_phone_numbers(), which calls clean_phone_number() on each Employee object inside it. Is this bad design? If so, why? Also, is the way I'm calling lookup_all_supervisors() bad? Originally, I wrapped the clean_phone_number() and lookup_supervisor() method in a single function, with a single for-loop inside it. clean_phone_number is O(n), I believe, lookup_supervisor is O(n^2) - is it ok splitting it into two loops like this? In clean_all_phone_numbers(), I'm looping on the Employee objects, and settings their values using return/assignment - should I be setting this inside clean_phone_number() itself? There's also a few things that I'm sorted of hacked out, not sure if they're bad practice - e.g. print_employee() and gd_formatted() both use __dict__, and the constructor for Employee uses setattr() to convert a dictionary into instance attributes. I'd value any thoughts at all. If you think the questions are too broad, let me know and I can repost as several split up (I just didn't want to pollute the boards with multiple similar questions, and the three questions are more or less fairly tightly related). Cheers, Victor

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  • creating a color coded time chart using colorbar and colormaps in python

    - by Rusty
    I'm trying to make a time tracking chart based on a daily time tracking file that I used. I wrote code that crawls through my files and generates a few lists. endTimes is a list of times that a particular activity ends in minutes going from 0 at midnight the first day of the month to however many minutes are in a month. labels is a list of labels for the times listed in endTimes. It is one shorter than endtimes since the trackers don't have any data about before 0 minute. Most labels are repeats. categories contains every unique value of labels in order of how well I regard that time. I want to create a colorbar or a stack of colorbars (1 for eachday) that will depict how I spend my time for a month and put a color associated with each label. Each value in categories will have a color associated. More blue for more good. More red for more bad. It is already in order for the jet colormap to be right, but I need to get desecrate color values evenly spaced out for each value in categories. Then I figure the next step would be to convert that to a listed colormap to use for the colorbar based on how the labels associated with the categories. I think this is the right way to do it, but I am not sure. I am not sure how to associate the labels with color values. Here is the last part of my code so far. I found one function to make a discrete colormaps. It does, but it isn't what I am looking for and I am not sure what is happening. Thanks for the help! # now I need to develop the graph import numpy as np from matplotlib import pyplot,mpl import matplotlib from scipy import interpolate from scipy import * def contains(thelist,name): # checks if the current list of categories contains the one just read for val in thelist: if val == name: return True return False def getCategories(lastFile): ''' must determine the colors to use I would like to make a gradient so that the better the task, the closer to blue bad labels will recieve colors closer to blue read the last file given for the information on how I feel the order should be then just keep them in the order of how good they are in the tracker use a color range and develop discrete values for each category by evenly spacing them out any time not found should assume to be sleep sleep should be white ''' tracker = open(lastFile+'.txt') # open the last file # find all the categories categories = [] for line in tracker: pos = line.find(':') # does it have a : or a ? if pos==-1: pos=line.find('?') if pos != -1: # ignore if no : or ? name = line[0:pos].strip() # split at the : or ? if contains(categories,name)==False: # if the category is new categories.append(name) # make a new one return categories # find good values in order of last day newlabels=[] for val in getCategories(lastDay): if contains(labels,val): newlabels.append(val) categories=newlabels # convert discrete colormap to listed colormap python for ii,val in enumerate(labels): if contains(categories,val)==False: labels[ii]='sleep' # create a figure fig = pyplot.figure() axes = [] for x in range(endTimes[-1]%(24*60)): ax = fig.add_axes([0.05, 0.65, 0.9, 0.15]) axes.append(ax) # figure out the colors to use # stole this function to make a discrete colormap # http://www.scipy.org/Cookbook/Matplotlib/ColormapTransformations def cmap_discretize(cmap, N): """Return a discrete colormap from the continuous colormap cmap. cmap: colormap instance, eg. cm.jet. N: Number of colors. Example x = resize(arange(100), (5,100)) djet = cmap_discretize(cm.jet, 5) imshow(x, cmap=djet) """ cdict = cmap._segmentdata.copy() # N colors colors_i = np.linspace(0,1.,N) # N+1 indices indices = np.linspace(0,1.,N+1) for key in ('red','green','blue'): # Find the N colors D = np.array(cdict[key]) I = interpolate.interp1d(D[:,0], D[:,1]) colors = I(colors_i) # Place these colors at the correct indices. A = zeros((N+1,3), float) A[:,0] = indices A[1:,1] = colors A[:-1,2] = colors # Create a tuple for the dictionary. L = [] for l in A: L.append(tuple(l)) cdict[key] = tuple(L) # Return colormap object. return matplotlib.colors.LinearSegmentedColormap('colormap',cdict,1024) # jet colormap goes from blue to red (good to bad) cmap = cmap_discretize(mpl.cm.jet, len(categories)) cmap.set_over('0.25') cmap.set_under('0.75') #norm = mpl.colors.Normalize(endTimes,cmap.N) print endTimes print labels # make a color list by matching labels to a picture #norm = mpl.colors.ListedColormap(colorList) cb1 = mpl.colorbar.ColorbarBase(axes[0],cmap=cmap ,orientation='horizontal' ,boundaries=endTimes ,ticks=endTimes ,spacing='proportional') pyplot.show()

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