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  • Encrypt/Decrypt SQLite-database and use it "on the fly"

    - by Berschi
    Here's the thing: In my Qt4.6-Project, I use a SQLite-Database. This database shouldn't be unencrypted on my harddrive. So I want, that on every start of my program, the user gets asked to enter a password to decrypt the database. Of course the database never should appear "in clear" (not encrypted) on my harddrive. So is there any possibility to decrypt a SQLite-database "on the fly" and read and write data? What algorithm is here the best (maybe AES)? When it's not possible (or very slow), maybe it's better to encrypt every string in the database and decrypt the string when the password was right (so that a user could open the database, but has no clue what all the entrys could mean)?

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  • AES decryption in Java - IvParameterSpec to big

    - by user1277269
    Im going to decrypt a plaintext with two keys. As you see in the picture were have one encrypted file wich contains KEY1(128 bytes),KEYIV(128 bytes),key2(128bytes) wich is not used in this case then we have the ciphertext. The error I get here is "Exception in thread "main" java.security.InvalidAlgorithmParameterException: Wrong IV length: must be 16 bytes long. but it is 64 bytes." Picture: http://i264.photobucket.com/albums/ii200/XeniuM05/bg_zps0a523659.png public class AES { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { byte[] encKey1 = new byte[128]; byte[] EncIV = new byte[256]; byte[] UnEncIV = new byte[128]; byte[] unCrypKey = new byte[128]; byte[] unCrypText = new byte[1424]; File f = new File("C://ftp//ciphertext.enc"); FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(F); byte[] EncText = new byte[(int) f.length()]; fis.read(encKey1); fis.read(EncIV); fis.read(EncText); EncIV = Arrays.copyOfRange(EncIV, 128, 256); EncText = Arrays.copyOfRange(EncText, 384, EncText.length); System.out.println(EncText.length); KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType()); char[] password = "lab1StorePass".toCharArray(); java.io.FileInputStream fos = new java.io.FileInputStream( "C://ftp//lab1Store"); ks.load(fos, password); char[] passwordkey1 = "lab1KeyPass".toCharArray(); PrivateKey Lab1EncKey = (PrivateKey) ks.getKey("lab1EncKeys", passwordkey1); Cipher rsaDec = Cipher.getInstance("RSA"); // set cipher to RSA decryption rsaDec.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, Lab1EncKey); // initalize cipher ti lab1key unCrypKey = rsaDec.doFinal(encKey1); // Decryps first key UnEncIV = rsaDec.doFinal(EncIV); //decryps encive byte array to undecrypted bytearray---- OBS! Error this is 64 BYTES big, we want 16? System.out.println("lab1key "+ unCrypKey +" IV " + UnEncIV); //-------CIPHERTEXT decryption--------- Cipher AESDec = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding"); //---------convert decrypted bytearrays to acctual keys SecretKeySpec unCrypKey1 = new SecretKeySpec(unCrypKey, "AES"); IvParameterSpec ivSpec = new IvParameterSpec(UnEncIV); AESDec.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, unCrypKey1, ivSpec ); unCrypText = AESDec.doFinal(EncText); // Convert decrypted cipher bytearray to string String deCryptedString = new String(unCrypKey); System.out.println(deCryptedString); }

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  • How do encrypt a long or int using the Bouncy Castle crypto routines for BlackBerry?

    - by DanG
    How do encrypt/decrypt a long or int using the Bouncy Castle crypto routines for BlackBerry? I know how to encrypt/decrypt a String. I can encrypt a long but can't get a long to decrypt properly. Some of this is poorly done, but I'm just trying stuff out at the moment. I've included my entire crypto engine here: import org.bouncycastle.crypto.BufferedBlockCipher; import org.bouncycastle.crypto.DataLengthException; import org.bouncycastle.crypto.InvalidCipherTextException; import org.bouncycastle.crypto.engines.AESFastEngine; import org.bouncycastle.crypto.paddings.PaddedBufferedBlockCipher; import org.bouncycastle.crypto.params.KeyParameter; public class CryptoEngine { // Global Variables // Global Objects private static AESFastEngine engine; private static BufferedBlockCipher cipher; private static KeyParameter key; public static boolean setEncryptionKey(String keyText) { // adding in spaces to force a proper key keyText += " "; // cutting off at 128 bits (16 characters) keyText = keyText.substring(0, 16); keyText = HelperMethods.cleanUpNullString(keyText); byte[] keyBytes = keyText.getBytes(); key = new KeyParameter(keyBytes); engine = new AESFastEngine(); cipher = new PaddedBufferedBlockCipher(engine); // just for now return true; } public static String encryptString(String plainText) { try { byte[] plainArray = plainText.getBytes(); cipher.init(true, key); byte[] cipherBytes = new byte[cipher.getOutputSize(plainArray.length)]; int cipherLength = cipher.processBytes(plainArray, 0, plainArray.length, cipherBytes, 0); cipher.doFinal(cipherBytes, cipherLength); String cipherString = new String(cipherBytes); return cipherString; } catch (DataLengthException e) { Logger.logToConsole(e); } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) { Logger.logToConsole(e); } catch (IllegalStateException e) { Logger.logToConsole(e); } catch (InvalidCipherTextException e) { Logger.logToConsole(e); } catch (Exception ex) { Logger.logToConsole(ex); } // else return "";// default bad value } public static String decryptString(String encryptedText) { try { byte[] cipherBytes = encryptedText.getBytes(); cipher.init(false, key); byte[] decryptedBytes = new byte[cipher.getOutputSize(cipherBytes.length)]; int decryptedLength = cipher.processBytes(cipherBytes, 0, cipherBytes.length, decryptedBytes, 0); cipher.doFinal(decryptedBytes, decryptedLength); String decryptedString = new String(decryptedBytes); // crop accordingly int index = decryptedString.indexOf("\u0000"); if (index >= 0) { decryptedString = decryptedString.substring(0, index); } return decryptedString; } catch (DataLengthException e) { Logger.logToConsole(e); } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) { Logger.logToConsole(e); } catch (IllegalStateException e) { Logger.logToConsole(e); } catch (InvalidCipherTextException e) { Logger.logToConsole(e); } catch (Exception ex) { Logger.logToConsole(ex); } // else return "";// default bad value } private static byte[] convertLongToByteArray(long longToConvert) { return new byte[] { (byte) (longToConvert >>> 56), (byte) (longToConvert >>> 48), (byte) (longToConvert >>> 40), (byte) (longToConvert >>> 32), (byte) (longToConvert >>> 24), (byte) (longToConvert >>> 16), (byte) (longToConvert >>> 8), (byte) (longToConvert) }; } private static long convertByteArrayToLong(byte[] byteArrayToConvert) { long returnable = 0; for (int counter = 0; counter < byteArrayToConvert.length; counter++) { returnable += ((byteArrayToConvert[byteArrayToConvert.length - counter - 1] & 0xFF) << counter * 8); } if (returnable < 0) { returnable++; } return returnable; } public static long encryptLong(long plainLong) { try { String plainString = String.valueOf(plainLong); String cipherString = encryptString(plainString); byte[] cipherBytes = cipherString.getBytes(); long returnable = convertByteArrayToLong(cipherBytes); return returnable; } catch (Exception e) { Logger.logToConsole(e); } // else return Integer.MIN_VALUE;// default bad value } public static long decryptLong(long encryptedLong) { byte[] cipherBytes = convertLongToByteArray(encryptedLong); cipher.init(false, key); byte[] decryptedBytes = new byte[cipher.getOutputSize(cipherBytes.length)]; int decryptedLength = cipherBytes.length; try { cipher.doFinal(decryptedBytes, decryptedLength); } catch (DataLengthException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IllegalStateException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } catch (InvalidCipherTextException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } catch (Exception e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } long plainLong = convertByteArrayToLong(decryptedBytes); return plainLong; } public static boolean encryptBoolean(int plainBoolean) { return false; } public static boolean decryptBoolean(int encryptedBoolean) { return false; } public static boolean testLongToByteArrayConversion() { boolean returnable = true; // fails out of the bounds of an integer, the conversion to long from byte // array does not hold, need to figure out a better solution for (long counter = -1000000; counter < 1000000; counter++) { long test = counter; byte[] bytes = convertLongToByteArray(test); long result = convertByteArrayToLong(bytes); if (result != test) { returnable = false; Logger.logToConsole("long conversion failed"); Logger.logToConsole("test = " + test + "\n result = " + result); } // regardless } // the end Logger.logToConsole("final returnable result = " + returnable); return returnable; } }

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  • mysql: encrypting and decrypting data

    - by cbrulak
    Does mysql provide a mechanism for storing and retrieving encrypted data? I don't mean passwords, I mean real strings. I'd like to encrypt a string, store in mysql and then retrieve the decrypted string at a later date. So, I know there is the AES_Encrypt and decrypt functions. But they ask for a key. (which is fine) but I wondering if you call those functions and use your user password as the key. Or something else that is super-simple. Also, is there a simple wrapper for the AES_Encrypt & decrypt functions in Rails? Or do you need to build the query manually?

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  • Java - encrypt / decrypt user name and password from a configuration file

    - by nzpcmad
    We are busy developing a Java web service for a client. There are two possible choices: Store the encrypted user name / password on the web service client. Read from a config. file on the client side, decrypt and send. Store the encrypted user name / password on the web server. Read from a config. file on the web server, decrypt and use in the web service. The user name / password is used by the web service to access a third-party application. The client already has classes that provide this functionality but this approach involves sending the user name / password in the clear (albeit within the intranet). They would prefer storing the info. within the web service but don't really want to pay for something they already have. (Security is not a big consideration because it's only within their intranet). So we need something quick and easy in Java. Any recommendations? The server is Tomkat 5.5. The web service is Axis2. What encrypt / decrypt package should we use? What about a key store? What configuration mechanism should we use? Will this be easy to deploy?

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  • Did I find a bug in PHP's `crypt()`?

    - by Nathan Long
    I think I may have found a bug in PHP's crypt() function under Windows. However: I recognize that it's probably my fault. PHP is used by millions and worked on by thousands; my code is used by tens and worked on by me. (This argument is best explained on Coding Horror.) So I'm asking for help: show me my fault. I've been trying to find it for a few days now, with no luck. The setup I'm using a Windows server installation with Apache 2.2.14 (Win32) and PHP 5.3.2. My development box runs Windows XP Professional; the 'production' server (this is an intranet setup) runs Windows Storage Server 2003. The problem happens on both. I don't see anything in php.ini related to crypt(), but will happily answer questions about my config. The problem Several scripts in my PHP app occasionally hang: the page sits there on 'waiting for localhost' and never finishes. Each of these scripts uses crypt to hash a user's password before storing it in the database, or, in the case of the login page, to hash the entered password before comparing it to the version stored in the database. Since the login page is the simplest, I focused on it for testing. I repeatedly logged in, and found that it would hang maybe 4 out of 10 times. As an experiment, I changed the login page to use the plain text password and changed my password in the database to its plain text version. The page stopped hanging. I saw that PHP's latest version lists this bugfix: Fixed bug #51059 (crypt crashes when invalid salt are [sic] given). So I created a very simple test script, as follows, using the same salt given in an official example: $foo = crypt('rasmuslerdorf','r1'); echo $foo; This page, too, will hang, if I reload it like crazy. I only see it hanging in Chrome, but regardless of browser, the effect on Apache is the same. Effect on Apache When these pages hang, Apache's server-status page (which I explained here, regarding a different problem) increments the number of requests being processed and decrements the number of idle workers. The requests being processed almost all have a status of 'Sending Reply,' though sometimes for a moment they will show either 'Reading request' or 'keepalive (read).' Eventually, Apache may crash. When it does, the Windows crash report looks like this: szAppName: httpd.exe szAppVer: 2.2.14.0 szModName: php5ts.dll szModVer: 5.3.1.0 // OK, this report was before I upgraded to PHP 5.3.2, // but that didn't fix it offset: 00a2615 Is it my fault? I'm tempted to file a bug report to PHP on this. The argument against it is, as stated above, that bugs are nearly always my fault. However, my argument in favor of 'it's PHP's fault' is: I'm using Windows, whereas most servers use Linux (I don't get to choose this), so the chances are greater that I've found an edge case There was recently a bug with crypt(), so maybe it still has issues I have made the simplest test case I can, and I still have the problem Can anyone duplicate this? Can you suggest where I've gone wrong? Should I file the bug after all? Thanks in advance for any help you may give.

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  • BN_hex2bn magically segfaults in openSSL

    - by xunil154
    Greetings, this is my first post on stackoverflow, and i'm sorry if its a bit long. I'm trying to build a handshake protocol for my own project and am having issues with the server converting the clients RSA's public key to a Bignum. It works in my clent code, but the server segfaults when attempting to convert the hex value of the clients public RSA to a bignum. I have already checked that there is no garbidge before or after the RSA data, and have looked online, but i'm stuck. header segment: typedef struct KEYS { RSA *serv; char* serv_pub; int pub_size; RSA *clnt; } KEYS; KEYS keys; Initializing function: // Generates and validates the servers key /* code for generating server RSA left out, it's working */ //Set client exponent keys.clnt = 0; keys.clnt = RSA_new(); BN_dec2bn(&keys.clnt->e, RSA_E_S); // RSA_E_S contains the public exponent Problem code (in Network::server_handshake): // *Recieved an encrypted message from the network and decrypt into 'buffer' (1024 byte long)* cout << "Assigning clients RSA" << endl; // I have verified that 'buffer' contains the proper key if (BN_hex2bn(&keys.clnt->n, buffer) < 0) { Error("ERROR reading server RSA"); } cout << "clients RSA has been assigned" << endl; The program segfaults at BN_hex2bn(&keys.clnt->n, buffer) with the error (valgrind output) Invalid read of size 8 at 0x50DBF9F: BN_hex2bn (in /usr/lib/libcrypto.so.0.9.8) by 0x40F23E: Network::server_handshake() (Network.cpp:177) by 0x40EF42: Network::startNet() (Network.cpp:126) by 0x403C38: main (server.cpp:51) Address 0x20 is not stack'd, malloc'd or (recently) free'd Process terminating with default action of signal 11 (SIGSEGV) Access not within mapped region at address 0x20 at 0x50DBF9F: BN_hex2bn (in /usr/lib/libcrypto.so.0.9.8) And I don't know why it is, Im using the exact same code in the client program, and it works just fine. Any input is greatly appriciated!

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  • Is it possible to use pure Encoding and Decoding keys in asymmetric cryptography instead of private

    - by macropas
    Is it possible to use pure Encoding and Decoding keys instead of private and public keys? As I know in .Net asymmetric RSA implementation private key RSAParameters parameters = (new RSACryptoServiceProvider()).ExportParameters(true) is a superset of public key. And using private key we can both encode and decode our data. But I need key only for decoding data. How to do it? I experimented on nulling RSAParameters fields, but RSACryptoServiceProvider object can't import such parameters.

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  • What's the difference between the 'DES' class and The 'DESCryptoServiceProvider' class?

    - by IbrarMumtaz
    All I can make out is that one of them is the BC for all 'DES' algorithms to be derived from and the later is a wrapper for the Cryptographic service provider implementation of the DES algorithm. The reason why I ask is that I am going over .Net Security and the MS official training book simply refers to the DES class but the another official MS book refers to the DESCrypto' class. What's the difference between these two? When would you use either of them? What do I need to know as far as the 70-536 exam is concerned. I am asking my question from an educational P.O.V as far as the 70-536 exam is concerned. Thanks In Advance. Ibrar

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  • C# SHA-1 vs. PHP SHA-1...Different Results?

    - by Arcdigital
    Hey, I am trying to calculate a SHA-1 Hash from a string, but when I calculate the string using php's sha1 function I get something different than when I try it in C#. I need C# to calculate the same string as PHP (since the string from php is calculated by a 3rd party that I cannot modify). How can I get C# to generate the same hash as PHP? Thanks!!! String = [email protected] C# Code (Generates d32954053ee93985f5c3ca2583145668bb7ade86) string encode = secretkey + email; UnicodeEncoding UE = new UnicodeEncoding(); byte[] HashValue, MessageBytes = UE.GetBytes(encode); SHA1Managed SHhash = new SHA1Managed(); string strHex = ""; HashValue = SHhash.ComputeHash(MessageBytes); foreach(byte b in HashValue) { strHex += String.Format("{0:x2}", b); } PHP Code (Generates a9410edeaf75222d7b576c1b23ca0a9af0dffa98) sha1();

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  • Create x509 certificate with openssl/makecert tool

    - by Zé Carlos
    I'm creating a x509 certificate using makecert with the following parameters: makecert -r -pe -n "CN=Client" -ss MyApp I want to use this certificate to encrypt and decrypt data with RSA algoritm. I look to generated certificate in windows certificate store and everything seems ok (It has a private key, public key is a RSA key with 1024 bits and so on..) Now i use this C# code to encrypt data: X509Store store = new X509Store("MyApp", StoreLocation.CurrentUser); store.Open(OpenFlags.ReadOnly); X509Certificate2Collection certs = store.Certificates.Find(X509FindType.FindBySubjectName, "Client", false); X509Certificate2 _x509 = certs[0]; using (RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa = (RSACryptoServiceProvider)_x509.PrivateKey) { byte[] dataToEncrypt = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("hello"); _encryptedData = rsa.Encrypt(dataToEncrypt, true); } When executing the Encrypt method, i receive a CryptographicException with message "Bad key". I think the code is fine. Probably i'm not creating the certificate properly. Any comments? Thanks ---------------- EDIT -------------- If anyone know how to create the certificate using OpenSsl, its also a valid answer for me.

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  • While decrypting the web.config get an error

    - by alice7
    Hi Guys, I am just trying to test this. And here is my command line: aspnet_regiis.exe -pdf "connectionStrings" c:\web.config And this is the error I got. Error – "The configuration for physical path ‘C:\Web.Config’ cannot be opened. And the permissions of that file is not read only. Can anyone please suggest.

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  • how to view encrypted picture

    - by calccrypto
    how do people view encrypted pictures like on this wiki page? is there a special program to do it, or did someone decide to do some silly xor just make a point about ECB? im not a graphics person, so if there are programs to view encrypted pictures, what are they?

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  • Obfuscate strings in Python

    - by Caedis
    I have a password string that must be passed to a method. Everything works fine but I don't feel comfortable storing the password in clear text. Is there a way to obfuscate the string or to truly encrypt it? I'm aware that obfuscation can be reverse engineered, but I think I should at least try to cover up the password a bit. At the very least it wont be visible to a indexing program, or a stray eye giving a quick look at my code. I am aware of pyobfuscate but I don't want the whole program obfuscated, just one string and possibly the whole line itself where the variable is defined. Target platform is GNU Linux Generic (If that makes a difference)

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  • Python IOError: Not a gzipped file (Gzip and Blowfish Encrypt/Compress)

    - by notbad.jpeg
    I'm having some problems with python's built-in library gzip. Looked through almost every other stack question about it, and none of them seem to work. MY PROBLEM IS THAT WHEN I TRY TO DECOMPRESS I GET THE IOError I'm Getting: Traceback (most recent call last): File "mymodule.py", line 61, in return gz.read() File "/usr/lib/python2.7/gzip.py", line 245, readself._read(readsize) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/gzip.py", line 287, in _readself._read_gzip_header() File "/usr/lib/python2.7/gzip.py", line 181, in _read_gzip_header raise IOError, 'Not a gzipped file'IOError: Not a gzipped file This is my code to send it over SMB, it might not make sense why i do things, but it's normally in a while loop and memory efficient, I just simplified it. buffer = cStringIO.StringIO(output) #output is from a subprocess call small_buffer = cStringIO.StringIO() small_string = buffer.read() #need a string to write to buffer gzip_obj = gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=small_buffer,compresslevel=6, mode='wb') gzip_obj.write(small_string) compressed_str = small_buffer.getvalue() blowfish = Blowfish.new('abcd', Blowfish.MODE_ECB) remainder = '|'*(8 - (len(compressed_str) % 8)) compressed_str += remainder encrypted = blowfish.encrypt(compressed_str) #i send it over smb, then retrieve it later Then this is the code that retrieves it: #buffer is a cStringIO object filled with data from smb retrieval decrypter = Blowfish.new('abcd', Blowfish.MODE_ECB) value = buffer.getvalue() decrypted = decrypter.decrypt(value) buff = cStringIO.StringIO(decrypted) buff.seek(0) gz = gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=buff) return gz.read() Here's the problem return gz.read()

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  • Paypal Encrypted Website payments

    - by John Isaacks
    I am trying to integrate a PayPal Website Payments Standard Cart Upload payment type into my shopping cart. I integrated Google Checkout a while back and I did not find it overly confusing as I do paypal. I am getting info on how to encrypt it from here: https://cms.paypal.com/us/cgi-bin/?&cmd=_render-content&content_ID=developer/e_howto_html_encryptedwebpayments#id08A3I0P017Q Paypal says I need to generate a private key and a public certificate using OpenSSL. I went to OpenSSL and downloaded the latest release, which is just a folder containing various files but I see no application I can use, not sure what to do here. Even if I were to get OpenSSL to generate me a private key and public cert, the next step is to download either an MS or Java command line tool to create the encrypted cart ahead of time with the cart-total, tax, etc. which sounds crazy to me, like I am supposed to manually do this prior to every order?? Obviously I do not know the items in the cart the customer is going to buy before hand so I need this to be done on the fly on my website using PHP. But I am completely lost. There has to be a way to setup dynamic secure cart uploads to paypal. Can someone please point me in the right direction?

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  • How to keep multiple connectionString passwords safe, separate, and easy to deploy?

    - by Funka
    I know there are plenty of questions here already about this topic (I've read through as many as I could find), but I haven't yet been able to figure out how best to satisfy my particular criteria. Here are the goals: The ASP.NET application will run on a few different web servers, including localhost workstations for development. This means encrypting web.config using a machine key is out. The application will decide which connection string to use based on the server name (using a switch statement). For example, "localhost" and "dev.example.com" will use the DevDatabaseConnectionString, "test.example.com" will use the TestDatabaseConnectionString, and "www.example.com" will use the ProdDatabaseConnectionString, for example. Ideally, the exact same executables and web.config should be able to run on any of these environments, without needing to tailor or configure each environment separately every time that we deploy (something that seems like it would be easy to forget/mess up one day during a deployment, which is why we moved away from having just one connectionstring that has to be changed on each target). Deployment is currently accomplished via FTP. We will not have command-line access to the production web server. This means using aspnet_regiis.exe is out. (I could run on localhost, however, if this would still work.) We would prefer to not have to recompile the application whenever a password changes, so using web.config (or db.config or whatever) seems to make the most sense. A developer should not be able to decrypt the production database password. If a developer checks the source code out onto their localhost laptop (which would determine that it should be using the DevDatabaseConnectionString, remember?) and the laptop gets lost or stolen, it should not be possible to get at the other connection strings. Thus, having a single RSA private key to un-encrypt all three passwords cannot be considered. (Contrary to #3 above, it does seem like we'd need to have three separate key files if we went this route; these could be installed once per machine, and should the wrong key file get deployed to the wrong server, the worst that should happen is that the app can't decrypt anything---and not allow the wrong host to access the wrong database!) I know this is probably a subjective question (asking for a "best" way to do something), but given the criteria I've mentioned, I'm hoping that a single best answer will indeed arise. Thank you!

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  • Is there an encrypted version control system?

    - by Mike
    I am looking for an encrypted version control system . Basically I would like to -have all files encrypted locally before sending to the server. the server should never receive any file or data unencrypted. -Every other feature should work pretty much the same way as SVN or CVS does today. Can anyone recommend something like this? I did a lot of searches but I cant find anything.

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  • Iterative / Additive MD5

    - by Andrew Robinson
    I need to generate a checksum over a dictionary. Keys and Values. Is there any simple way to accomplish this in an iterative way. foreach(var item in dic.Keys) checksum += checksum(dic[item]) + checksum(item); In this case, keys and values could be converted to strings, concatinated and then a single checksum applied over these but is there a better way? Ideally MD5 but other options could work. Using this to validate data that is passed over a couple of storage methods. The checksum is then encrypted along with some other information (using AES) so I am not horribly worried about an ideal, unbreakable checksum.

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  • Is there any benefit to encrypting twice using pgp?

    - by ojblass
    I am asking from a "more secure" perspective. I can imagine a scenario with two required private keys needed for decryption scenarios that may make this an attractive model. This is to settle an argument. My vote is that it is not adding any additional security other than having to compromise two different private keys. I think that if it was any more secure than encrypting it one million times would be the best way to secure informaiton and I don't buy it. So I guess my question becomes is a two locking mechanism equivalent to another one locking mechanism with a single key? Update: Forgive me if the answer is obvious but my bread goes dead as I read books on the topic.

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