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  • About shared (static) Members and its behavior

    - by Allende
    I just realized that I can access shared members from instances of classes (probably this is not correct, but compile and run), and also learn/discover that, I can modify shared members, then create a new instance and access the new value of the shared member. My question is, what happens to the shared members, when it comes back to the "default" value (class declaration), how dangerous is it do this ? is it totally bad ? is it valid in some cases ?. If you want to test my point here is the code (console project vb.net) that I used to test shared members, as you can see/compile/run, the shared member "x" of the class "Hello" has default value string "Default", but at runtime it changes it, and after creating a new object of that class, this object has the new value of the shared member. Module Module1 Public Class hello Public Shared x As String = "Default" Public Sub New() End Sub End Class Sub Main() Console.WriteLine("hello.x=" & hello.x) Dim obj As New hello() Console.WriteLine("obj.x=" & obj.x) obj.x = "Default shared memeber, modified in object" Console.WriteLine("obj.x=" & obj.x) hello.x = "Defaul shared member, modified in class" Console.WriteLine("hello.x=" & hello.x) Dim obj2 As New hello() Console.WriteLine("obj2.x=" & obj2.x) Console.ReadLine() End Sub End Module UPDATE: First at all, thanks to everyone, each answer give feedback, I suppose, by respect I should choose one as "the answer", I don't want to be offensive to anyone, so please don't take it so bad if I didn't choose you answer.

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  • How do I rescue files from the encrypted home folder via live USB stick?

    - by Alexia
    I know, this has been asked and answered all over the internet already. However, I start feeling stupid, since the informations there are not helping me. Just this morning, I wanted to install the newest update to 13.10. After the download, when it came to the actual installing, the install program froze and didn't do anything for hours. At that time, I was still logged in. The computer was working and everything was accessable to me. However, I made the mistake and didn't immediately make safety copies of everything. Instead, I just rebooted. Long story short: My computer even fails to reset to a previous version via Grub. But I am able to boot from a USB stick and, after starting Nautilus, I see my home folder on the HD. I would now like to copy its contents onto an external harddisk. Problem 1: I have no rights to access the folder like that. Problem 2: It is encrypted. Problem 3: I don't know how to give myself the rights to access the folder nor do I know how to encrypt it. I assume that it might help that I still know these things: - my old login name - my old login phrase - a 32 characters long string of hexadecimal numbers that I copied to my list of passwords as "Ubuntu Encryption Code". I copied it digitally right after installing Ubuntu the first time and encrypting the home folder, so there won't be any typos. I am sure of that. The solutions that I saw so far, tell me that I need the "encryption phrase". But when I follow the instructions and use this phrase that I have in my list, I only get messages of denial. Can anyone help me through this special problem, please?

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  • What kind of permission is this? (Groups+Roles)

    - by Jorge
    I'm starting to need an access control for roles in my app. I don't know much of this, but I understand how vBulletin works: I create groups, then give permissions to groups. I think that what I need is the Role Bases Access Control (RBAC) , but i'm not sure, because I need groups to give permissions instead of single users (Maybe it's not that complicated to achieve). Example of what I'm thinking: Given a post: Editor's Group has permission to view it before it's published. Editor's Group has permission to edit its content. Public Group (Default) has not permission to view it before it's published. Admin Group has permission to delete the post. So basically I wan't orientation about if RBAC is what I need. And also, how would it be good to store group membership in a user, for example, would be good to have: ID NAME PASSWORD GROUPS (1, MyName, MyPassword, 1/2/3/4/5) and explode it via PHP or one registry for every Group membership in a table named permissions, example: USERID, USERGROUP values (1, 1), (1, 2) Maybe should be the second way because of the formal norms but I didn't study yet Databases 1 at college.

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  • Patients are Running out of Patience

    - by Naresh Persaud
    Healthcare is in a dramatic state of change globally and the change is being driven by patients. Patients are no longer content to wait in line, endure appointment delays and stay on hold waiting for a health insurance representative. Instead, patients are demanding on-line access to physicians, joining communities with fellow patients, scheduling appointments online and resolving claims issues over email.  To accomodate the demand for patient connectivity, providers are innovating to find new ways to collaborate with patients. To address the demand, providers are providing 24/7 access online and pioneering ways to deliver care via mobile devices -  for example using your iPhone as a heart monitor. Patient vitals can be collected before the patient even walks into the clinic.  These new approaches promise to enhance the patient experience and reduce the cost of care. Time is money both for the patient and the provider. For insurance companies, all of this is  welcome news because it reduces un-necessary time with the physician which reduces the number of claims.  Oracle is focused on enabling and securing the experience. The video below shares the Oracle healthcare transformation story. asas

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  • Exception with Linq2SQL Query

    - by Hadi Eskandari
    I am running a query using Linq2SQL that comes down to following query: DateTime? expiration = GetExpirationDate(); IQueryable<Persons> persons = GetPersons(); IQueryable<Items> subquery = from i in db.Items where i.ExpirationDate >= expiration select i; return persons.Where(p = p.Items != null && p.Items.Any(item => subquery.Contains(item))); When I evaluate the result of the function, I get a NullReferenceException and here's the stack trace. Any idea what I'm doing wrong?! Basically I want to select all the persons and filter them by item expiration date. at System.Data.Linq.SqlClient.SqlFactory.Member(SqlExpression expr, MemberInfo member) at System.Data.Linq.SqlClient.QueryConverter.VisitMemberAccess(MemberExpression ma) at System.Data.Linq.SqlClient.QueryConverter.VisitInner(Expression node) at System.Data.Linq.SqlClient.QueryConverter.Visit(Expression node) at System.Data.Linq.SqlClient.QueryConverter.VisitExpression(Expression exp) at System.Data.Linq.SqlClient.QueryConverter.VisitBinary(BinaryExpression b) at System.Data.Linq.SqlClient.QueryConverter.VisitInner(Expression node) at System.Data.Linq.SqlClient.QueryConverter.Visit(Expression node) at System.Data.Linq.SqlClient.QueryConverter.VisitExpression(Expression exp) at System.Data.Linq.SqlClient.QueryConverter.VisitBinary(BinaryExpression b) at System.Data.Linq.SqlClient.QueryConverter.VisitInner(Expression node) at System.Data.Linq.SqlClient.QueryConverter.Visit(Expression node) at System.Data.Linq.SqlClient.QueryConverter.VisitExpression(Expression exp) at System.Data.Linq.SqlClient.QueryConverter.VisitWhere(Expression sequence, LambdaExpression predicate) at System.Data.Linq.SqlClient.QueryConverter.VisitSequenceOperatorCall(MethodCallExpression mc) at System.Data.Linq.SqlClient.QueryConverter.VisitMethodCall(MethodCallExpression mc) at System.Data.Linq.SqlClient.QueryConverter.VisitInner(Expression node) at System.Data.Linq.SqlClient.QueryConverter.Visit(Expression node) at System.Data.Linq.SqlClient.QueryConverter.VisitContains(Expression sequence, Expression value) at System.Data.Linq.SqlClient.QueryConverter.VisitSequenceOperatorCall(MethodCallExpression mc) at System.Data.Linq.SqlClient.QueryConverter.VisitMethodCall(MethodCallExpression mc) at System.Data.Linq.SqlClient.QueryConverter.VisitInner(Expression node) at System.Data.Linq.SqlClient.QueryConverter.Visit(Expression node) at System.Data.Linq.SqlClient.QueryConverter.VisitExpression(Expression exp) at System.Data.Linq.SqlClient.QueryConverter.VisitQuantifier(SqlSelect select, LambdaExpression lambda, Boolean isAny) at System.Data.Linq.SqlClient.QueryConverter.VisitSequenceOperatorCall(MethodCallExpression mc) at System.Data.Linq.SqlClient.QueryConverter.VisitMethodCall(MethodCallExpression mc) at System.Data.Linq.SqlClient.QueryConverter.VisitInner(Expression node) at System.Data.Linq.SqlClient.QueryConverter.Visit(Expression node) at System.Data.Linq.SqlClient.QueryConverter.VisitExpression(Expression exp) at System.Data.Linq.SqlClient.QueryConverter.VisitBinary(BinaryExpression b) at System.Data.Linq.SqlClient.QueryConverter.VisitInner(Expression node) at System.Data.Linq.SqlClient.QueryConverter.Visit(Expression node) at System.Data.Linq.SqlClient.QueryConverter.VisitExpression(Expression exp) at System.Data.Linq.SqlClient.QueryConverter.VisitWhere(Expression sequence, LambdaExpression predicate) at System.Data.Linq.SqlClient.QueryConverter.VisitSequenceOperatorCall(MethodCallExpression mc) at System.Data.Linq.SqlClient.QueryConverter.VisitMethodCall(MethodCallExpression mc) at System.Data.Linq.SqlClient.QueryConverter.VisitInner(Expression node) at System.Data.Linq.SqlClient.QueryConverter.ConvertOuter(Expression node) at System.Data.Linq.SqlClient.SqlProvider.BuildQuery(Expression query, SqlNodeAnnotations annotations) at System.Data.Linq.SqlClient.SqlProvider.System.Data.Linq.Provider.IProvider.Execute(Expression query) at System.Data.Linq.DataQuery`1.System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable.GetEnumerator() at System.Linq.SystemCore_EnumerableDebugView`1.get_Items()

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  • VBScript & Access MDB - 800A0E7A - "Provider cannot be found. It may not be properly installed"

    - by Perma
    Hey gang, I've having a problem with a VBScript connecting to an access MDB Database. My platform is Vista64, but the majority of resources out there are for ASP/IIS7. Quite simply, I can't get it to connect. I'm getting the following error: 800A0E7A - "Provider cannot be found. It may not be properly installed" My code is: Set conn = CreateObject("ADODB.Connection") strConnect = "Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=C:\database.MDB" conn.Open strConnect So far I have ran %WINDIR%\System32\odbcad32.exe to try to configure the Driver in 32bit mode, but it hasn't done the trick. Any suggestions would be greatly appreciated

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  • How to transpose rows and columns in Access 2003?

    - by Lisa Schwaiger
    How do I transpose rows and columns in Access 2003? I have a multiple tables that I need to do this on. (I've reworded my question because feedback tells me it was confusing how I originally stated it.) Each table has 30 fields and 20 records. Lets say my fields are Name, Weight, Zip Code, Quality4, Quality5, Quality6 through Quality30 which is favorite movie. Let's say the records each describe a person. The people are Alice, Betty, Chuck, Dave, Edward etc through Tommy.. I can easily make a report like this: >>Alice...120....35055---etc, etc, etc...Jaws Betty....125....35212...etc, etc, etc...StarWars etc etc etc Tommy...200...35213...etc, etc, etc...Adaptation But what I would like to do is transpose those rows and columns so my report displays like this >>Alice........Betty......etc,etc,etc...Tommy 120.........125........etc, etc, etc...200 35055.....35212....etc, etc, etc...35213 etc etc etc Jaws...StarWars..etc,etc,etc...Adaptation Thanks for any help.

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  • VBA: How go I get the total width from all controls in an Access form?

    - by Stefan Åstrand
    Hi, This is probably very basic stuff, but please bear in mind I am completely new to these things. I am working on a procedure for my Access datasheet forms that will: Adjust the width of each column to fit content Sum the total width of all columns and subtract it from the size of the window's width Adjust the width of one of the columns to fit the remaining space This is the code that adjusts the width of each column to fit content (which works fine): Dim Ctrl As Control Dim Path As String Dim ClmWidth As Integer 'Adjust column width to fit content For Each Ctrl In Me.Controls If TypeOf Ctrl Is TextBox Then Path = Ctrl.Name Me(Path).ColumnWidth = -2 End If Next Ctrl How should I write the code so I get the total width of all columns? Thanks a lot! Stefan

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  • How to add a column via a query which counts the total rows with a specific criteria in a table with circular relationship in MS ACCESS 2007

    - by Xaqron
    I have a simple table "Employees" with this fields: ID, ParentID, Name ParentID is Nullable since an employee may have no Manager. This table has a one-to-many relationship with itself: ID --one--to--many--> ParentID Now I want a query which returns this columns: Name, Count of rows where their ParentID equals to the current row ID (the row is the manager of that rows) Sample Table: ID | ParentID | Name ====================== 1 | 0 | John ---------------------- 2 | 1 | Bob ---------------------- 3 | 1 | Alice ---------------------- 4 | 3 | Jack This way I can find an employee is the manager of how many other employees. The result should be something like this: Name | Count of Employees ========================== John | 2 -------------- Bob | 0 -------------- Alice | 1 -------------- Jack | 0 How can I achieve this in MS ACCESS 2007? * I have tried built-in query builder without any success.

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  • How to run a loop of queries in access?

    - by tksy
    Hi I have a database with a table which is full of conditions and error messages for checking another database. I want to run a loop such that each of these conditions is checked against all the tables in the second database and generae a report which gives the errors. Is this possible in ms access. For example, querycrit table id query error 1 speed<25 and speed>56 speed above limit 2 dist<56 or dist >78 dist within limit I have more than 400 queries like this of different variables. THe table against which I am running the queries is records table id speed dist accce decele aaa bbb ccc 1 33 34 44 33 33 33 33 2 45 44 55 55 55 22 23 regards ttk

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  • How to calculate the sum of a column in an MS Access table for a given date (a single day, month or year)

    - by cMinor
    I have a table in Access in a custom format saved as dd/MM/yyyy hh:mm:ss tt , Also A form in VB.NET 2010, I get a specific day, month and year with no problem but the problem comes when I want to query the sum of a column named value depending on a specific month or day or year.... The table is like: +-----+-----------+-------------------------+ | id | value | date | +-----+-----------+-------------------------+ | id1 | 1499 | 01/01/2012 07:30:11 p.m.| | id2 | 1509 | 11/02/2012 07:30:11 p.m.| | id3 | 1611 | 21/10/2012 07:30:11 p.m.| | id1 | 1115 | 11/10/2012 07:30:11 p.m.| | id1 | 1499 | 17/05/2012 07:30:11 p.m.| | id2 | 1709 | 11/06/2012 07:30:11 p.m.| | id3 | 1911 | 30/07/2012 07:30:11 p.m.| | id1 | 1015 | 01/08/2012 07:30:11 p.m.| | id1 | 1000 | 11/05/2012 07:30:11 p.m.| |+-----+-----------+------------------------+ So I Know the query SELECT SUM(value) FROM mytable WHERE date in='01/05/2012 00:00:00' ... How to tell the query I want the month of May so I would get 1499+1000= 2499 Or how to tell I want the year 2012 so I would get the sum of all the table Which would be the correct syntax...

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  • Which is better practice: complex SQL statements or Recordset manipulation in Access VBA?

    - by mazi
    I'm doing some VBA development and I found creating SQLs quite efficient way of getting everything done (selecting and updating). But I got to this stage where my SQL statements contain complex Switches and WHERE conditions where I have another Selects to update appropriate records. Therefore, I create this SQLs and I simply run it via "CurrentDb.Execute strSQL" and it does everything fine. The question is, why would I declare ADODB.connections etc, set recordsets, loop through it and manipulate the data one by one?

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  • How to use a c# datagridview to update a database file just like Access does?

    - by mackeyka
    I have googled everywhere and I am finally giving up and asking here. I am working in Visual Studio 2010 with C#. I have set up a form with a datagridview connected to a MSSQL database and I need to save changes made in the datagridview back to the physical database. I am having some success but I think that I am going about some of it completely wrong because I can not get it to save consistently. What I really want is for the updates to work just like they do when working with Access. When I edit a row in the datagridview and then leave that row, either by selecting another row or by selecting some other control on the form or even by changing to another form or quitting the application the row should be automatically pdated to the physical database. The first part of this question I think is, what is the proper event to use to trigger the save and then second what methods should be used to actually write the data to the database?

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  • What are alternatives to standard ORM in a data access layer?

    - by swampsjohn
    We're all familiar with basic ORM with relational databases: an object corresponds to a row and an attribute in that object to a column (or some slight variation), though many ORMs add a lot of bells and whistles. I'm wondering what other alternatives there are (besides raw access to the database or whatever you're working with). Alternatives that just work with relational databases would be great, but ones that could encapsulate multiple types of backends besides just SQL (such as flat files, RSS, NoSQL, etc.) would be even better. I'm more interested in ideas rather than specific implantations and what languages/platforms they work with, but please link to anything you think is interesting.

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  • What is a good way of checking to see if a particular user may access a particular file?

    - by Rising Star
    I am working on application which runs as a special unprivileged user. I would like to be able to easily check to see if the user can read a given file. It seems like this should be easy, even when I go into the file in Windows Explorer and see that the read permission is checked, it sometimes seems that there is still something preventing the user from reading the file (such as a parent directory that the user cannot browse) when I try to read it as the user programmatically. The user has no console logon permission, so I can't just log in as the user and try to read the file. So... If I want to know, "Does UserBob have access to file c:\specialPath\specialFile, what is an easy way to find out? BTW, my environment is Windows Server 2003.

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  • Jet Database (ms access) ExecuteNonQuery - Can I make it faster?

    - by bluebill
    Hi all, I have this generic routine that I wrote that takes a list of sql strings and executes them against the database. Is there any way I can make this work faster? Typically it'll see maybe 200 inserts or deletes or updates at a time. Sometimes there is a mixture of updates, inserts and deletes. Would it be a good idea to separate the queries by type (i.e. group inserts together, then updates and then deletes)? I am running this against an ms access database and using vb.net 2005. Public Function ExecuteNonQuery(ByVal sql As List(Of String), ByVal dbConnection as String) As Integer If sql Is Nothing OrElse sql.Count = 0 Then Return 0 Dim recordCount As Integer = 0 Using connection As New OleDb.OleDbConnection(dbConnection) connection.Open() Dim transaction As OleDb.OleDbTransaction = connection.BeginTransaction() 'Using cmd As New OleDb.OleDbCommand() Using cmd As OleDb.OleDbCommand = connection.CreateCommand cmd.Connection = connection cmd.Transaction = transaction For Each s As String In sql If Not String.IsNullOrEmpty(s) Then cmd.CommandText = s recordCount += cmd.ExecuteNonQuery() End If Next transaction.Commit() End Using End Using Return recordCount End Function

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  • How to refer to a text in an Ms Access table?

    - by manuel
    I want to refer to a data cell, which if it is equals to some string, it will do something. The codes: If ds.Tables(0).Rows(i)("Status") = "Reserved" Then MessageBox.Show("Can't reserve") End If Is this the correct way to do this? Because I failed doing so..

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  • Asp.net loading a file encounters "Access to the path … is denied" in development on Windows 7

    - by ray247
    Hi there, I have an Asp.net app that simply reads an xml file and this code used to work fine on Vista with VS2008, now I just moved to Windows 7 and I migrated the code to VS2010, I encoutered “Access to the path [path to my webapp folder] is denied". Nothing else is changed, I tried to change folder perms even though I didn't think it got anything to do with that since the same code used to work fine, but still didn't get around this problem. Could someone please shed some light on why this may be happening and how to fix it? Thanks, Ray.

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  • Fail to save a managed object to core-data after its properties were updated.

    - by Tzur Gazit
    I have to trouble to create the object, but updating it fails. Here is the creation code: // Save data from pList to core data fro the first time - (void) saveToCoreData:(NSDictionary *)plistDictionary { // Create system parameter entity SystemParameters *systemParametersEntity = (SystemParameters *)[NSEntityDescription insertNewObjectForEntityForName:@"SystemParameters" inManagedObjectContext:mManagedObjectContext]; //// // GPS SIMULATOR //// NSDictionary *GpsSimulator = [plistDictionary valueForKey:@"GpsSimulator"]; [systemParametersEntity setMGpsSimulatorEnabled:[[GpsSimulator objectForKey:@"Enabled"] boolValue]]; [systemParametersEntity setMGpsSimulatorFileName:[GpsSimulator valueForKey:@"FileName"]]; [systemParametersEntity setMGpsSimulatorPlaybackSpeed:[[GpsSimulator objectForKey:@"PlaybackSpeed"] intValue]]; [self saveAction]; } During execution the cached copy is changed and then it is saved (or trying) to the database. Here is the code to save the changed copy: // Save data from pList to core data fro the first time - (void) saveSystemParametersToCoreData:(SystemParameters *)theSystemParameters { // Step 1: Select Data NSFetchRequest *fetchRequest = [[NSFetchRequest alloc] init]; NSEntityDescription *entity = [NSEntityDescription entityForName:@"SystemParameters" inManagedObjectContext:mManagedObjectContext]; [fetchRequest setEntity:entity]; NSError *error = nil; NSArray *items = [self.managedObjectContext executeFetchRequest:fetchRequest error:&error]; [fetchRequest release]; if (error) { NSLog(@"CoreData: saveSystemParametersToCoreData: Unresolved error %@, %@", error, [error userInfo]); abort(); } // Step 2: Update Object SystemParameters *systemParameters = [items objectAtIndex:0]; //// // GPS SIMULATOR //// [systemParameters setMGpsSimulatorEnabled:[theSystemParameters mGpsSimulatorEnabled]]; [systemParameters setMGpsSimulatorFileName:[theSystemParameters mGpsSimulatorFileName]]; [systemParameters setMGpsSimulatorPlaybackSpeed:[theSystemParameters mGpsSimulatorPlaybackSpeed]]; // Step 3: Save Updates [self saveAction]; } As to can see, I fetch the object that I want to update, change its values and save. Here is the saving code: - (void)saveAction { NSError *error; if (![[self mManagedObjectContext] save:&error]) { NSLog(@"ERROR:saveAction. Unresolved Core Data Save error %@, %@", error, [error userInfo]); exit(-1); } } The Persistent store method: - (NSPersistentStoreCoordinator *)persistentStoreCoordinator { if (mPersistentStoreCoordinator != nil) { return mPersistentStoreCoordinator; } NSString *path = [self databasePath]; NSURL *storeUrl = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:path]; NSError *error = nil; mPersistentStoreCoordinator = [[NSPersistentStoreCoordinator alloc] initWithManagedObjectModel:[self managedObjectModel]]; if (![mPersistentStoreCoordinator addPersistentStoreWithType:NSSQLiteStoreType configuration:nil URL:storeUrl options:nil error:&error]) { NSLog(@"Unresolved error %@, %@", error, [error userInfo]); abort(); } return mPersistentStoreCoordinator; } There is no error but the sqLite file is not updated, hence the data is not persistent. Thanks in advance.

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  • Trying to use tcl threads on windows 7 results in access violation.

    - by Juan
    I'm trying to get this simple program to work on windows, but it crashes: unsigned (__stdcall testfoo)(ClientData x) { return 0; } int main() { Tcl_ThreadId testid = 0; Tcl_CreateThread(&testid, testfoo, (ClientData) NULL, TCL_THREAD_STACK_DEFAULT, TCL_THREAD_NOFLAGS); } I am using a makefile generated by cmake and linking against a version of Tcl 8.5.7 I compiled myself using Visual C++ 2008 express. It was compiled using msvcrt,static,threads and the name of the resulting library is tcl85tsx.lib. The error is: Unhandled exception at 0x77448c39 in main.exe: 0xC0000005: Access violation writing location 0x00000014. The Tcl library works fine, and I can even run a threading script example by loading the Thread extension into it. My assumption is that there is something horribly wrong with a memory violation, but I have no idea what. Any help appreciated.

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  • Comparing two dates in .Net using Access mdb strange error..

    - by Markive
    SELECT * FROM Orders WHERE [DateSync] > #2010-11-10 03:11:00# this works if you run the query from in MS Access but if you get .net to submit it like this... Dim adapter1 As New OleDbDataAdapter adapter1.SelectCommand = New OleDbCommand(sSQL, conn) Dim table1 As New DataTable connection1.Open() Try adapter1.Fill(table1) Catch ex As Exception 'will error here Finally 'conn.Close() End Try it throws an error.... "No value given for one or more required parameters." Source="Microsoft JET Database Engine" Any help much appreciated.

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  • What's New in ASP.NET 4

    - by Navaneeth
    The .NET Framework version 4 includes enhancements for ASP.NET 4 in targeted areas. Visual Studio 2010 and Microsoft Visual Web Developer Express also include enhancements and new features for improved Web development. This document provides an overview of many of the new features that are included in the upcoming release. This topic contains the following sections: ASP.NET Core Services ASP.NET Web Forms ASP.NET MVC Dynamic Data ASP.NET Chart Control Visual Web Developer Enhancements Web Application Deployment with Visual Studio 2010 Enhancements to ASP.NET Multi-Targeting ASP.NET Core Services ASP.NET 4 introduces many features that improve core ASP.NET services such as output caching and session state storage. Extensible Output Caching Since the time that ASP.NET 1.0 was released, output caching has enabled developers to store the generated output of pages, controls, and HTTP responses in memory. On subsequent Web requests, ASP.NET can serve content more quickly by retrieving the generated output from memory instead of regenerating the output from scratch. However, this approach has a limitation — generated content always has to be stored in memory. On servers that experience heavy traffic, the memory requirements for output caching can compete with memory requirements for other parts of a Web application. ASP.NET 4 adds extensibility to output caching that enables you to configure one or more custom output-cache providers. Output-cache providers can use any storage mechanism to persist HTML content. These storage options can include local or remote disks, cloud storage, and distributed cache engines. Output-cache provider extensibility in ASP.NET 4 lets you design more aggressive and more intelligent output-caching strategies for Web sites. For example, you can create an output-cache provider that caches the "Top 10" pages of a site in memory, while caching pages that get lower traffic on disk. Alternatively, you can cache every vary-by combination for a rendered page, but use a distributed cache so that the memory consumption is offloaded from front-end Web servers. You create a custom output-cache provider as a class that derives from the OutputCacheProvider type. You can then configure the provider in the Web.config file by using the new providers subsection of the outputCache element For more information and for examples that show how to configure the output cache, see outputCache Element for caching (ASP.NET Settings Schema). For more information about the classes that support caching, see the documentation for the OutputCache and OutputCacheProvider classes. By default, in ASP.NET 4, all HTTP responses, rendered pages, and controls use the in-memory output cache. The defaultProvider attribute for ASP.NET is AspNetInternalProvider. You can change the default output-cache provider used for a Web application by specifying a different provider name for defaultProvider attribute. In addition, you can select different output-cache providers for individual control and for individual requests and programmatically specify which provider to use. For more information, see the HttpApplication.GetOutputCacheProviderName(HttpContext) method. The easiest way to choose a different output-cache provider for different Web user controls is to do so declaratively by using the new providerName attribute in a page or control directive, as shown in the following example: <%@ OutputCache Duration="60" VaryByParam="None" providerName="DiskCache" %> Preloading Web Applications Some Web applications must load large amounts of data or must perform expensive initialization processing before serving the first request. In earlier versions of ASP.NET, for these situations you had to devise custom approaches to "wake up" an ASP.NET application and then run initialization code during the Application_Load method in the Global.asax file. To address this scenario, a new application preload manager (autostart feature) is available when ASP.NET 4 runs on IIS 7.5 on Windows Server 2008 R2. The preload feature provides a controlled approach for starting up an application pool, initializing an ASP.NET application, and then accepting HTTP requests. It lets you perform expensive application initialization prior to processing the first HTTP request. For example, you can use the application preload manager to initialize an application and then signal a load-balancer that the application was initialized and ready to accept HTTP traffic. To use the application preload manager, an IIS administrator sets an application pool in IIS 7.5 to be automatically started by using the following configuration in the applicationHost.config file: <applicationPools> <add name="MyApplicationPool" startMode="AlwaysRunning" /> </applicationPools> Because a single application pool can contain multiple applications, you specify individual applications to be automatically started by using the following configuration in the applicationHost.config file: <sites> <site name="MySite" id="1"> <application path="/" serviceAutoStartEnabled="true" serviceAutoStartProvider="PrewarmMyCache" > <!-- Additional content --> </application> </site> </sites> <!-- Additional content --> <serviceAutoStartProviders> <add name="PrewarmMyCache" type="MyNamespace.CustomInitialization, MyLibrary" /> </serviceAutoStartProviders> When an IIS 7.5 server is cold-started or when an individual application pool is recycled, IIS 7.5 uses the information in the applicationHost.config file to determine which Web applications have to be automatically started. For each application that is marked for preload, IIS7.5 sends a request to ASP.NET 4 to start the application in a state during which the application temporarily does not accept HTTP requests. When it is in this state, ASP.NET instantiates the type defined by the serviceAutoStartProvider attribute (as shown in the previous example) and calls into its public entry point. You create a managed preload type that has the required entry point by implementing the IProcessHostPreloadClient interface, as shown in the following example: public class CustomInitialization : System.Web.Hosting.IProcessHostPreloadClient { public void Preload(string[] parameters) { // Perform initialization. } } After your initialization code runs in the Preload method and after the method returns, the ASP.NET application is ready to process requests. Permanently Redirecting a Page Content in Web applications is often moved over the lifetime of the application. This can lead to links to be out of date, such as the links that are returned by search engines. In ASP.NET, developers have traditionally handled requests to old URLs by using the Redirect method to forward a request to the new URL. However, the Redirect method issues an HTTP 302 (Found) response (which is used for a temporary redirect). This results in an extra HTTP round trip. ASP.NET 4 adds a RedirectPermanent helper method that makes it easy to issue HTTP 301 (Moved Permanently) responses, as in the following example: RedirectPermanent("/newpath/foroldcontent.aspx"); Search engines and other user agents that recognize permanent redirects will store the new URL that is associated with the content, which eliminates the unnecessary round trip made by the browser for temporary redirects. Session State Compression By default, ASP.NET provides two options for storing session state across a Web farm. The first option is a session state provider that invokes an out-of-process session state server. The second option is a session state provider that stores data in a Microsoft SQL Server database. Because both options store state information outside a Web application's worker process, session state has to be serialized before it is sent to remote storage. If a large amount of data is saved in session state, the size of the serialized data can become very large. ASP.NET 4 introduces a new compression option for both kinds of out-of-process session state providers. By using this option, applications that have spare CPU cycles on Web servers can achieve substantial reductions in the size of serialized session state data. You can set this option using the new compressionEnabled attribute of the sessionState element in the configuration file. When the compressionEnabled configuration option is set to true, ASP.NET compresses (and decompresses) serialized session state by using the .NET Framework GZipStreamclass. The following example shows how to set this attribute. <sessionState mode="SqlServer" sqlConnectionString="data source=dbserver;Initial Catalog=aspnetstate" allowCustomSqlDatabase="true" compressionEnabled="true" /> ASP.NET Web Forms Web Forms has been a core feature in ASP.NET since the release of ASP.NET 1.0. Many enhancements have been in this area for ASP.NET 4, such as the following: The ability to set meta tags. More control over view state. Support for recently introduced browsers and devices. Easier ways to work with browser capabilities. Support for using ASP.NET routing with Web Forms. More control over generated IDs. The ability to persist selected rows in data controls. More control over rendered HTML in the FormView and ListView controls. Filtering support for data source controls. Enhanced support for Web standards and accessibility Setting Meta Tags with the Page.MetaKeywords and Page.MetaDescription Properties Two properties have been added to the Page class: MetaKeywords and MetaDescription. These two properties represent corresponding meta tags in the HTML rendered for a page, as shown in the following example: <head id="Head1" runat="server"> <title>Untitled Page</title> <meta name="keywords" content="keyword1, keyword2' /> <meta name="description" content="Description of my page" /> </head> These two properties work like the Title property does, and they can be set in the @ Page directive. For more information, see Page.MetaKeywords and Page.MetaDescription. Enabling View State for Individual Controls A new property has been added to the Control class: ViewStateMode. You can use this property to disable view state for all controls on a page except those for which you explicitly enable view state. View state data is included in a page's HTML and increases the amount of time it takes to send a page to the client and post it back. Storing more view state than is necessary can cause significant decrease in performance. In earlier versions of ASP.NET, you could reduce the impact of view state on a page's performance by disabling view state for specific controls. But sometimes it is easier to enable view state for a few controls that need it instead of disabling it for many that do not need it. For more information, see Control.ViewStateMode. Support for Recently Introduced Browsers and Devices ASP.NET includes a feature that is named browser capabilities that lets you determine the capabilities of the browser that a user is using. Browser capabilities are represented by the HttpBrowserCapabilities object which is stored in the HttpRequest.Browser property. Information about a particular browser's capabilities is defined by a browser definition file. In ASP.NET 4, these browser definition files have been updated to contain information about recently introduced browsers and devices such as Google Chrome, Research in Motion BlackBerry smart phones, and Apple iPhone. Existing browser definition files have also been updated. For more information, see How to: Upgrade an ASP.NET Web Application to ASP.NET 4 and ASP.NET Web Server Controls and Browser Capabilities. The browser definition files that are included with ASP.NET 4 are shown in the following list: •blackberry.browser •chrome.browser •Default.browser •firefox.browser •gateway.browser •generic.browser •ie.browser •iemobile.browser •iphone.browser •opera.browser •safari.browser A New Way to Define Browser Capabilities ASP.NET 4 includes a new feature referred to as browser capabilities providers. As the name suggests, this lets you build a provider that in turn lets you write custom code to determine browser capabilities. In ASP.NET version 3.5 Service Pack 1, you define browser capabilities in an XML file. This file resides in a machine-level folder or an application-level folder. Most developers do not need to customize these files, but for those who do, the provider approach can be easier than dealing with complex XML syntax. The provider approach makes it possible to simplify the process by implementing a common browser definition syntax, or a database that contains up-to-date browser definitions, or even a Web service for such a database. For more information about the new browser capabilities provider, see the What's New for ASP.NET 4 White Paper. Routing in ASP.NET 4 ASP.NET 4 adds built-in support for routing with Web Forms. Routing is a feature that was introduced with ASP.NET 3.5 SP1 and lets you configure an application to use URLs that are meaningful to users and to search engines because they do not have to specify physical file names. This can make your site more user-friendly and your site content more discoverable by search engines. For example, the URL for a page that displays product categories in your application might look like the following example: http://website/products.aspx?categoryid=12 By using routing, you can use the following URL to render the same information: http://website/products/software The second URL lets the user know what to expect and can result in significantly improved rankings in search engine results. the new features include the following: The PageRouteHandler class is a simple HTTP handler that you use when you define routes. You no longer have to write a custom route handler. The HttpRequest.RequestContext and Page.RouteData properties make it easier to access information that is passed in URL parameters. The RouteUrl expression provides a simple way to create a routed URL in markup. The RouteValue expression provides a simple way to extract URL parameter values in markup. The RouteParameter class makes it easier to pass URL parameter values to a query for a data source control (similar to FormParameter). You no longer have to change the Web.config file to enable routing. For more information about routing, see the following topics: ASP.NET Routing Walkthrough: Using ASP.NET Routing in a Web Forms Application How to: Define Routes for Web Forms Applications How to: Construct URLs from Routes How to: Access URL Parameters in a Routed Page Setting Client IDs The new ClientIDMode property makes it easier to write client script that references HTML elements rendered for server controls. Increasing use of Microsoft Ajax makes the need to do this more common. For example, you may have a data control that renders a long list of products with prices and you want to use client script to make a Web service call and update individual prices in the list as they change without refreshing the entire page. Typically you get a reference to an HTML element in client script by using the document.GetElementById method. You pass to this method the value of the id attribute of the HTML element you want to reference. In the case of elements that are rendered for ASP.NET server controls earlier versions of ASP.NET could make this difficult or impossible. You were not always able to predict what id values ASP.NET would generate, or ASP.NET could generate very long id values. The problem was especially difficult for data controls that would generate multiple rows for a single instance of the control in your markup. ASP.NET 4 adds two new algorithms for generating id attributes. These algorithms can generate id attributes that are easier to work with in client script because they are more predictable and that are easier to work with because they are simpler. For more information about how to use the new algorithms, see the following topics: ASP.NET Web Server Control Identification Walkthrough: Making Data-Bound Controls Easier to Access from JavaScript Walkthrough: Making Controls Located in Web User Controls Easier to Access from JavaScript How to: Access Controls from JavaScript by ID Persisting Row Selection in Data Controls The GridView and ListView controls enable users to select a row. In previous versions of ASP.NET, row selection was based on the row index on the page. For example, if you select the third item on page 1 and then move to page 2, the third item on page 2 is selected. In most cases, is more desirable not to select any rows on page 2. ASP.NET 4 supports Persisted Selection, a new feature that was initially supported only in Dynamic Data projects in the .NET Framework 3.5 SP1. When this feature is enabled, the selected item is based on the row data key. This means that if you select the third row on page 1 and move to page 2, nothing is selected on page 2. When you move back to page 1, the third row is still selected. This is a much more natural behavior than the behavior in earlier versions of ASP.NET. Persisted selection is now supported for the GridView and ListView controls in all projects. You can enable this feature in the GridView control, for example, by setting the EnablePersistedSelection property, as shown in the following example: <asp:GridView id="GridView2" runat="server" PersistedSelection="true"> </asp:GridView> FormView Control Enhancements The FormView control is enhanced to make it easier to style the content of the control with CSS. In previous versions of ASP.NET, the FormView control rendered it contents using an item template. This made styling more difficult in the markup because unexpected table row and table cell tags were rendered by the control. The FormView control supports RenderOuterTable, a property in ASP.NET 4. When this property is set to false, as show in the following example, the table tags are not rendered. This makes it easier to apply CSS style to the contents of the control. <asp:FormView ID="FormView1" runat="server" RenderTable="false"> For more information, see FormView Web Server Control Overview. ListView Control Enhancements The ListView control, which was introduced in ASP.NET 3.5, has all the functionality of the GridView control while giving you complete control over the output. This control has been made easier to use in ASP.NET 4. The earlier version of the control required that you specify a layout template that contained a server control with a known ID. The following markup shows a typical example of how to use the ListView control in ASP.NET 3.5. <asp:ListView ID="ListView1" runat="server"> <LayoutTemplate> <asp:PlaceHolder ID="ItemPlaceHolder" runat="server"></asp:PlaceHolder> </LayoutTemplate> <ItemTemplate> <% Eval("LastName")%> </ItemTemplate> </asp:ListView> In ASP.NET 4, the ListView control does not require a layout template. The markup shown in the previous example can be replaced with the following markup: <asp:ListView ID="ListView1" runat="server"> <ItemTemplate> <% Eval("LastName")%> </ItemTemplate> </asp:ListView> For more information, see ListView Web Server Control Overview. Filtering Data with the QueryExtender Control A very common task for developers who create data-driven Web pages is to filter data. This traditionally has been performed by building Where clauses in data source controls. This approach can be complicated, and in some cases the Where syntax does not let you take advantage of the full functionality of the underlying database. To make filtering easier, a new QueryExtender control has been added in ASP.NET 4. This control can be added to EntityDataSource or LinqDataSource controls in order to filter the data returned by these controls. Because the QueryExtender control relies on LINQ, but you do not to need to know how to write LINQ queries to use the query extender. The QueryExtender control supports a variety of filter options. The following lists QueryExtender filter options. Term Definition SearchExpression Searches a field or fields for string values and compares them to a specified string value. RangeExpression Searches a field or fields for values in a range specified by a pair of values. PropertyExpression Compares a specified value to a property value in a field. If the expression evaluates to true, the data that is being examined is returned. OrderByExpression Sorts data by a specified column and sort direction. CustomExpression Calls a function that defines custom filter in the page. For more information, see QueryExtenderQueryExtender Web Server Control Overview. Enhanced Support for Web Standards and Accessibility Earlier versions of ASP.NET controls sometimes render markup that does not conform to HTML, XHTML, or accessibility standards. ASP.NET 4 eliminates most of these exceptions. For details about how the HTML that is rendered by each control meets accessibility standards, see ASP.NET Controls and Accessibility. CSS for Controls that Can be Disabled In ASP.NET 3.5, when a control is disabled (see WebControl.Enabled), a disabled attribute is added to the rendered HTML element. For example, the following markup creates a Label control that is disabled: <asp:Label id="Label1" runat="server"   Text="Test" Enabled="false" /> In ASP.NET 3.5, the previous control settings generate the following HTML: <span id="Label1" disabled="disabled">Test</span> In HTML 4.01, the disabled attribute is not considered valid on span elements. It is valid only on input elements because it specifies that they cannot be accessed. On display-only elements such as span elements, browsers typically support rendering for a disabled appearance, but a Web page that relies on this non-standard behavior is not robust according to accessibility standards. For display-only elements, you should use CSS to indicate a disabled visual appearance. Therefore, by default ASP.NET 4 generates the following HTML for the control settings shown previously: <span id="Label1" class="aspNetDisabled">Test</span> You can change the value of the class attribute that is rendered by default when a control is disabled by setting the DisabledCssClass property. CSS for Validation Controls In ASP.NET 3.5, validation controls render a default color of red as an inline style. For example, the following markup creates a RequiredFieldValidator control: <asp:RequiredFieldValidator ID="RequiredFieldValidator1" runat="server"   ErrorMessage="Required Field" ControlToValidate="RadioButtonList1" /> ASP.NET 3.5 renders the following HTML for the validator control: <span id="RequiredFieldValidator1"   style="color:Red;visibility:hidden;">RequiredFieldValidator</span> By default, ASP.NET 4 does not render an inline style to set the color to red. An inline style is used only to hide or show the validator, as shown in the following example: <span id="RequiredFieldValidator1"   style"visibility:hidden;">RequiredFieldValidator</span> Therefore, ASP.NET 4 does not automatically show error messages in red. For information about how to use CSS to specify a visual style for a validation control, see Validating User Input in ASP.NET Web Pages. CSS for the Hidden Fields Div Element ASP.NET uses hidden fields to store state information such as view state and control state. These hidden fields are contained by a div element. In ASP.NET 3.5, this div element does not have a class attribute or an id attribute. Therefore, CSS rules that affect all div elements could unintentionally cause this div to be visible. To avoid this problem, ASP.NET 4 renders the div element for hidden fields with a CSS class that you can use to differentiate the hidden fields div from others. The new classvalue is shown in the following example: <div class="aspNetHidden"> CSS for the Table, Image, and ImageButton Controls By default, in ASP.NET 3.5, some controls set the border attribute of rendered HTML to zero (0). The following example shows HTML that is generated by the Table control in ASP.NET 3.5: <table id="Table2" border="0"> The Image control and the ImageButton control also do this. Because this is not necessary and provides visual formatting information that should be provided by using CSS, the attribute is not generated in ASP.NET 4. CSS for the UpdatePanel and UpdateProgress Controls In ASP.NET 3.5, the UpdatePanel and UpdateProgress controls do not support expando attributes. This makes it impossible to set a CSS class on the HTMLelements that they render. In ASP.NET 4 these controls have been changed to accept expando attributes, as shown in the following example: <asp:UpdatePanel runat="server" class="myStyle"> </asp:UpdatePanel> The following HTML is rendered for this markup: <div id="ctl00_MainContent_UpdatePanel1" class="expandoclass"> </div> Eliminating Unnecessary Outer Tables In ASP.NET 3.5, the HTML that is rendered for the following controls is wrapped in a table element whose purpose is to apply inline styles to the entire control: FormView Login PasswordRecovery ChangePassword If you use templates to customize the appearance of these controls, you can specify CSS styles in the markup that you provide in the templates. In that case, no extra outer table is required. In ASP.NET 4, you can prevent the table from being rendered by setting the new RenderOuterTable property to false. Layout Templates for Wizard Controls In ASP.NET 3.5, the Wizard and CreateUserWizard controls generate an HTML table element that is used for visual formatting. In ASP.NET 4 you can use a LayoutTemplate element to specify the layout. If you do this, the HTML table element is not generated. In the template, you create placeholder controls to indicate where items should be dynamically inserted into the control. (This is similar to how the template model for the ListView control works.) For more information, see the Wizard.LayoutTemplate property. New HTML Formatting Options for the CheckBoxList and RadioButtonList Controls ASP.NET 3.5 uses HTML table elements to format the output for the CheckBoxList and RadioButtonList controls. To provide an alternative that does not use tables for visual formatting, ASP.NET 4 adds two new options to the RepeatLayout enumeration: UnorderedList. This option causes the HTML output to be formatted by using ul and li elements instead of a table. OrderedList. This option causes the HTML output to be formatted by using ol and li elements instead of a table. For examples of HTML that is rendered for the new options, see the RepeatLayout enumeration. Header and Footer Elements for the Table Control In ASP.NET 3.5, the Table control can be configured to render thead and tfoot elements by setting the TableSection property of the TableHeaderRow class and the TableFooterRow class. In ASP.NET 4 these properties are set to the appropriate values by default. CSS and ARIA Support for the Menu Control In ASP.NET 3.5, the Menu control uses HTML table elements for visual formatting, and in some configurations it is not keyboard-accessible. ASP.NET 4 addresses these problems and improves accessibility in the following ways: The generated HTML is structured as an unordered list (ul and li elements). CSS is used for visual formatting. The menu behaves in accordance with ARIA standards for keyboard access. You can use arrow keys to navigate menu items. (For information about ARIA, see Accessibility in Visual Studio and ASP.NET.) ARIA role and property attributes are added to the generated HTML. (Attributes are added by using JavaScript instead of included in the HTML, to avoid generating HTML that would cause markup validation errors.) Styles for the Menu control are rendered in a style block at the top of the page, instead of inline with the rendered HTML elements. If you want to use a separate CSS file so that you can modify the menu styles, you can set the Menu control's new IncludeStyleBlock property to false, in which case the style block is not generated. Valid XHTML for the HtmlForm Control In ASP.NET 3.5, the HtmlForm control (which is created implicitly by the <form runat="server"> tag) renders an HTML form element that has both name and id attributes. The name attribute is deprecated in XHTML 1.1. Therefore, this control does not render the name attribute in ASP.NET 4. Maintaining Backward Compatibility in Control Rendering An existing ASP.NET Web site might have code in it that assumes that controls are rendering HTML the way they do in ASP.NET 3.5. To avoid causing backward compatibility problems when you upgrade the site to ASP.NET 4, you can have ASP.NET continue to generate HTML the way it does in ASP.NET 3.5 after you upgrade the site. To do so, you can set the controlRenderingCompatibilityVersion attribute of the pages element to "3.5" in the Web.config file of an ASP.NET 4 Web site, as shown in the following example: <system.web>   <pages controlRenderingCompatibilityVersion="3.5"/> </system.web> If this setting is omitted, the default value is the same as the version of ASP.NET that the Web site targets. (For information about multi-targeting in ASP.NET, see .NET Framework Multi-Targeting for ASP.NET Web Projects.) ASP.NET MVC ASP.NET MVC helps Web developers build compelling standards-based Web sites that are easy to maintain because it decreases the dependency among application layers by using the Model-View-Controller (MVC) pattern. MVC provides complete control over the page markup. It also improves testability by inherently supporting Test Driven Development (TDD). Web sites created using ASP.NET MVC have a modular architecture. This allows members of a team to work independently on the various modules and can be used to improve collaboration. For example, developers can work on the model and controller layers (data and logic), while the designer work on the view (presentation). For tutorials, walkthroughs, conceptual content, code samples, and a complete API reference, see ASP.NET MVC 2. Dynamic Data Dynamic Data was introduced in the .NET Framework 3.5 SP1 release in mid-2008. This feature provides many enhancements for creating data-driven applications, such as the following: A RAD experience for quickly building a data-driven Web site. Automatic validation that is based on constraints defined in the data model. The ability to easily change the markup that is generated for fields in the GridView and DetailsView controls by using field templates that are part of your Dynamic Data project. For ASP.NET 4, Dynamic Data has been enhanced to give developers even more power for quickly building data-driven Web sites. For more information, see ASP.NET Dynamic Data Content Map. Enabling Dynamic Data for Individual Data-Bound Controls in Existing Web Applications You can use Dynamic Data features in existing ASP.NET Web applications that do not use scaffolding by enabling Dynamic Data for individual data-bound controls. Dynamic Data provides the presentation and data layer support for rendering these controls. When you enable Dynamic Data for data-bound controls, you get the following benefits: Setting default values for data fields. Dynamic Data enables you to provide default values at run time for fields in a data control. Interacting with the database without creating and registering a data model. Automatically validating the data that is entered by the user without writing any code. For more information, see Walkthrough: Enabling Dynamic Data in ASP.NET Data-Bound Controls. New Field Templates for URLs and E-mail Addresses ASP.NET 4 introduces two new built-in field templates, EmailAddress.ascx and Url.ascx. These templates are used for fields that are marked as EmailAddress or Url using the DataTypeAttribute attribute. For EmailAddress objects, the field is displayed as a hyperlink that is created by using the mailto: protocol. When users click the link, it opens the user's e-mail client and creates a skeleton message. Objects typed as Url are displayed as ordinary hyperlinks. The following example shows how to mark fields. [DataType(DataType.EmailAddress)] public object HomeEmail { get; set; } [DataType(DataType.Url)] public object Website { get; set; } Creating Links with the DynamicHyperLink Control Dynamic Data uses the new routing feature that was added in the .NET Framework 3.5 SP1 to control the URLs that users see when they access the Web site. The new DynamicHyperLink control makes it easy to build links to pages in a Dynamic Data site. For information, see How to: Create Table Action Links in Dynamic Data Support for Inheritance in the Data Model Both the ADO.NET Entity Framework and LINQ to SQL support inheritance in their data models. An example of this might be a database that has an InsurancePolicy table. It might also contain CarPolicy and HousePolicy tables that have the same fields as InsurancePolicy and then add more fields. Dynamic Data has been modified to understand inherited objects in the data model and to support scaffolding for the inherited tables. For more information, see Walkthrough: Mapping Table-per-Hierarchy Inheritance in Dynamic Data. Support for Many-to-Many Relationships (Entity Framework Only) The Entity Framework has rich support for many-to-many relationships between tables, which is implemented by exposing the relationship as a collection on an Entity object. New field templates (ManyToMany.ascx and ManyToMany_Edit.ascx) have been added to provide support for displaying and editing data that is involved in many-to-many relationships. For more information, see Working with Many-to-Many Data Relationships in Dynamic Data. New Attributes to Control Display and Support Enumerations The DisplayAttribute has been added to give you additional control over how fields are displayed. The DisplayNameAttribute attribute in earlier versions of Dynamic Data enabled you to change the name that is used as a caption for a field. The new DisplayAttribute class lets you specify more options for displaying a field, such as the order in which a field is displayed and whether a field will be used as a filter. The attribute also provides independent control of the name that is used for the labels in a GridView control, the name that is used in a DetailsView control, the help text for the field, and the watermark used for the field (if the field accepts text input). The EnumDataTypeAttribute class has been added to let you map fields to enumerations. When you apply this attribute to a field, you specify an enumeration type. Dynamic Data uses the new Enumeration.ascx field template to create UI for displaying and editing enumeration values. The template maps the values from the database to the names in the enumeration. Enhanced Support for Filters Dynamic Data 1.0 had built-in filters for Boolean columns and foreign-key columns. The filters did not let you specify the order in which they were displayed. The new DisplayAttribute attribute addresses this by giving you control over whether a column appears as a filter and in what order it will be displayed. An additional enhancement is that filtering support has been rewritten to use the new QueryExtender feature of Web Forms. This lets you create filters without requiring knowledge of the data source control that the filters will be used with. Along with these extensions, filters have also been turned into template controls, which lets you add new ones. Finally, the DisplayAttribute class mentioned earlier allows the default filter to be overridden, in the same way that UIHint allows the default field template for a column to be overridden. For more information, see Walkthrough: Filtering Rows in Tables That Have a Parent-Child Relationship and QueryableFilterRepeater. ASP.NET Chart Control The ASP.NET chart server control enables you to create ASP.NET pages applications that have simple, intuitive charts for complex statistical or financial analysis. The chart control supports the following features: Data series, chart areas, axes, legends, labels, titles, and more. Data binding. Data manipulation, such as copying, splitting, merging, alignment, grouping, sorting, searching, and filtering. Statistical formulas and financial formulas. Advanced chart appearance, such as 3-D, anti-aliasing, lighting, and perspective. Events and customizations. Interactivity and Microsoft Ajax. Support for the Ajax Content Delivery Network (CDN), which provides an optimized way for you to add Microsoft Ajax Library and jQuery scripts to your Web applications. For more information, see Chart Web Server Control Overview. Visual Web Developer Enhancements The following sections provide information about enhancements and new features in Visual Studio 2010 and Visual Web Developer Express. The Web page designer in Visual Studio 2010 has been enhanced for better CSS compatibility, includes additional support for HTML and ASP.NET markup snippets, and features a redesigned version of IntelliSense for JScript. Improved CSS Compatibility The Visual Web Developer designer in Visual Studio 2010 has been updated to improve CSS 2.1 standards compliance. The designer better preserves HTML source code and is more robust than in previous versions of Visual Studio. HTML and JScript Snippets In the HTML editor, IntelliSense auto-completes tag names. The IntelliSense Snippets feature auto-completes whole tags and more. In Visual Studio 2010, IntelliSense snippets are supported for JScript, alongside C# and Visual Basic, which were supported in earlier versions of Visual Studio. Visual Studio 2010 includes over 200 snippets that help you auto-complete common ASP.NET and HTML tags, including required attributes (such as runat="server") and common attributes specific to a tag (such as ID, DataSourceID, ControlToValidate, and Text). You can download additional snippets, or you can write your own snippets that encapsulate the blocks of markup that you or your team use for common tasks. For more information on HTML snippets, see Walkthrough: Using HTML Snippets. JScript IntelliSense Enhancements In Visual 2010, JScript IntelliSense has been redesigned to provide an even richer editing experience. IntelliSense now recognizes objects that have been dynamically generated by methods such as registerNamespace and by similar techniques used by other JavaScript frameworks. Performance has been improved to analyze large libraries of script and to display IntelliSense with little or no processing delay. Compatibility has been significantly increased to support almost all third-party libraries and to support diverse coding styles. Documentation comments are now parsed as you type and are immediately leveraged by IntelliSense. Web Application Deployment with Visual Studio 2010 For Web application projects, Visual Studio now provides tools that work with the IIS Web Deployment Tool (Web Deploy) to automate many processes that had to be done manually in earlier versions of ASP.NET. For example, the following tasks can now be automated: Creating an IIS application on the destination computer and configuring IIS settings. Copying files to the destination computer. Changing Web.config settings that must be different in the destination environment. Propagating changes to data or data structures in SQL Server databases that are used by the Web application. For more information about Web application deployment, see ASP.NET Deployment Content Map. Enhancements to ASP.NET Multi-Targeting ASP.NET 4 adds new features to the multi-targeting feature to make it easier to work with projects that target earlier versions of the .NET Framework. Multi-targeting was introduced in ASP.NET 3.5 to enable you to use the latest version of Visual Studio without having to upgrade existing Web sites or Web services to the latest version of the .NET Framework. In Visual Studio 2008, when you work with a project targeted for an earlier version of the .NET Framework, most features of the development environment adapt to the targeted version. However, IntelliSense displays language features that are available in the current version, and property windows display properties available in the current version. In Visual Studio 2010, only language features and properties available in the targeted version of the .NET Framework are shown. For more information about multi-targeting, see the following topics: .NET Framework Multi-Targeting for ASP.NET Web Projects ASP.NET Side-by-Side Execution Overview How to: Host Web Applications That Use Different Versions of the .NET Framework on the Same Server How to: Deploy Web Site Projects Targeted for Earlier Versions of the .NET Framework

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  • Oracle Open World 2012: SQL Developer Recap

    - by thatjeffsmith
    Last week was the ‘big show’ in San Francisco. I was very happy to meet many of you in person. And many of you had questions – lots of questions! We had full or overflowing rooms for our sessions and hands-on-labs. The SQL Developer ‘booths’ were also slammed several times. So exciting to see so many of YOU excited about SQL Developer. It’s very cool to hear the stories of our tools saving you and your organizations so much time (and money!) Instead of doing a Day 0 – Day 9 recap, I thought I’d share with you the questions that I heard more than once. And just for giggles, I’ll throw in some answers as well So in no particular order… What’s the difference between Oracle SQL Developer & Oracle SQL Developer Data Modeler? Mathematically speaking – two words. But as far as the actual modeling features go, there’s no difference between the two applications. The same ‘code’ or features as it pertains to data modeling and design are in both tools. However, in SQL Developer you have all of the OTHER features fighting for real estate in the UI. So I have a general rule of thumb – if you spend MOST of your time in the database, use SQL Developer. And if you spend most of your time in the data model, run the separate and dedicated program, Oracle SQL Developer Data Modeler. Here’s a couple of screenshots to drive home the UI point: Oracle SQL Developer Oracle SQL Developer Data Modeler running INSIDE of SQL Developer. Notice how the Modeler menu items fold under the file menu? Oracle SQL Developer Data Modeler Easier to navigate and manipulate your models with the stand alone modeler. Just no worksheet to run your ad-hoc queries, etc. Don’t forget you can disable the Data Modeler inside of SQL Developer via the Extensions preference page. How can I model my table partitions? Partitioning is defined via the Physical model. So after you have finished your relational model, you need to generate a physical model. Oracle SQL Developer Data Modeler Physical Model and Partitioning Open the properties for your physical model table. Enable the ‘partitioned’ property. Once you do so, the ‘Partitioning’ page will activate. Lots and lots of partitioning support and options here But what about Interval Partitioning? An extension of range partitioning in 11gR2, we don’t currently support this partitioning scheme in SQL Developer. But we’re working on it! Can SQL Developer ignore column order when comparing models? Yes! After you start a model compare, one of your options is to disregard the order of an attribute or column definition. Tell SQL Developer you don’t care when your column shows up, just as long as it DOES show up. Wow, you got a lot of questions around modeling! Is that normal? Yes! While we appreciate that many folks inherit their applications and associated designs, new applications are being ‘born’ every day. Since both of our tools are free for anyone to design their new Oracle applications with, we attract a fair amount of attention I want to do a Hands On Lab. How do I get your software and instructional guides? Go here. Download VirtualBox. Then download the VB image. Import the appliance. Start it. Connect oracle/oracle on the OEL VM. Click on ‘Start Here’ in the desktop. Follow the instructions. If you need help, ask away! You went too fast in your Tips & Tricks session. Do you have cliff notes? Yes! And you’re SO close to finding them! Just go to my SQL Developer resources page. All of my tips are documented on this blog somewhere. I’ve indexed the most popular ones on the resource page. You can use the Search dialog on the right to find the rest. Or just send me a comment or question, and I’ll do my best to answer them as they come in.

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  • IIS7.5 + Wordpress + Restrict Access to wp-login.php by client IP address

    - by JuanValdez
    I am moving from an Apache host to IIS. One of my sites in Wordpress (running Multi-site) which give me multiple blogs. I have moved all my rules from my .htaccess to the Microsoft URL ReWrite module. I have one section left that will not import. I want to restrict access to all instances of the file wp-login.php by Client IP address. In my .htaccess file I did the following: <Files wp-login.php> Order Deny,Allow Deny from all Allow from 192.168 </Files> Any smart ideas on how to accompish this in IIS7.5?

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