nhibernate statistics - Page 131

Hibernate : load and

- by Albert Kam

According to the tutorial : http://jpa.ezhibernate.com/Javacode/learn.jsp?tutorial=27hibernateloadvshibernateget, If you initialize a JavaBean instance with a load method call, you can only access the properties of that JavaBean, for the first time, within the transactional context in which it was initialized. If you try to access the various properties of the JavaBean after the transaction that loaded it has been committed, you'll get an exception, a LazyInitializationException, as Hibernate no longer has a valid transactional context to use to hit the database. But with my experiment, using hibernate 3.6, and postgres 9, it doesnt throw any exception at all. Am i missing something ? Here's my code : import org.hibernate.Session; public class AppLoadingEntities { /** * @param args */ public static void main(String[] args) { HibernateUtil.beginTransaction(); Session session = HibernateUtil.getSession(); EntityUser userFromGet = get(session); EntityUser userFromLoad = load(session); // finish the transaction session.getTransaction().commit(); // try fetching field value from entity bean that is fetched via get outside transaction, and it'll be okay System.out.println("userFromGet.getId() : " + userFromGet.getId()); System.out.println("userFromGet.getName() : " + userFromGet.getName()); // fetching field from entity bean that is fetched via load outside transaction, and it'll be errornous // NOTE : but after testing, load seems to be okay, what gives ? ask forums try { System.out.println("userFromLoad.getId() : " + userFromLoad.getId()); System.out.println("userFromLoad.getName() : " + userFromLoad.getName()); } catch(Exception e) { System.out.println("error while fetching entity that is fetched from load : " + e.getMessage()); } } private static EntityUser load(Session session) { EntityUser user = (EntityUser) session.load(EntityUser.class, 1l); System.out.println("user fetched with 'load' inside transaction : " + user); return user; } private static EntityUser get(Session session) { // safe to set it to 1, coz the table got recreated at every run of this app EntityUser user = (EntityUser) session.get(EntityUser.class, 1l); System.out.println("user fetched with 'get' : " + user); return user; } } And here's the output : 88 [main] INFO org.hibernate.annotations.common.Version - Hibernate Commons Annotations 3.2.0.Final 93 [main] INFO org.hibernate.cfg.Environment - Hibernate 3.6.0.Final 94 [main] INFO org.hibernate.cfg.Environment - hibernate.properties not found 96 [main] INFO org.hibernate.cfg.Environment - Bytecode provider name : javassist 98 [main] INFO org.hibernate.cfg.Environment - using JDK 1.4 java.sql.Timestamp handling 139 [main] INFO org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration - configuring from resource: /hibernate.cfg.xml 139 [main] INFO org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration - Configuration resource: /hibernate.cfg.xml 172 [main] WARN org.hibernate.util.DTDEntityResolver - recognized obsolete hibernate namespace http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/. Use namespace http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/ instead. Refer to Hibernate 3.6 Migration Guide! 191 [main] INFO org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration - Configured SessionFactory: null 237 [main] INFO org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationBinder - Binding entity from annotated class: EntityUser 263 [main] INFO org.hibernate.cfg.annotations.EntityBinder - Bind entity EntityUser on table MstUser 293 [main] INFO org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration - Hibernate Validator not found: ignoring 296 [main] INFO org.hibernate.cfg.search.HibernateSearchEventListenerRegister - Unable to find org.hibernate.search.event.FullTextIndexEventListener on the classpath. Hibernate Search is not enabled. 300 [main] INFO org.hibernate.connection.DriverManagerConnectionProvider - Using Hibernate built-in connection pool (not for production use!) 300 [main] INFO org.hibernate.connection.DriverManagerConnectionProvider - Hibernate connection pool size: 20 300 [main] INFO org.hibernate.connection.DriverManagerConnectionProvider - autocommit mode: false 309 [main] INFO org.hibernate.connection.DriverManagerConnectionProvider - using driver: org.postgresql.Driver at URL: jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/hibernate 309 [main] INFO org.hibernate.connection.DriverManagerConnectionProvider - connection properties: {user=sofco, password=****} 354 [main] INFO org.hibernate.cfg.SettingsFactory - Database -> name : PostgreSQL version : 9.0.1 major : 9 minor : 0 354 [main] INFO org.hibernate.cfg.SettingsFactory - Driver -> name : PostgreSQL Native Driver version : PostgreSQL 9.0 JDBC4 (build 801) major : 9 minor : 0 372 [main] INFO org.hibernate.dialect.Dialect - Using dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.PostgreSQLDialect 382 [main] INFO org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.JdbcSupportLoader - Disabling contextual LOB creation as createClob() method threw error : java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException 383 [main] INFO org.hibernate.transaction.TransactionFactoryFactory - Transaction strategy: org.hibernate.transaction.JDBCTransactionFactory 384 [main] INFO org.hibernate.transaction.TransactionManagerLookupFactory - No TransactionManagerLookup configured (in JTA environment, use of read-write or transactional second-level cache is not recommended) 384 [main] INFO org.hibernate.cfg.SettingsFactory - Automatic flush during beforeCompletion(): disabled 384 [main] INFO org.hibernate.cfg.SettingsFactory - Automatic session close at end of transaction: disabled 384 [main] INFO org.hibernate.cfg.SettingsFactory - JDBC batch size: 15 384 [main] INFO org.hibernate.cfg.SettingsFactory - JDBC batch updates for versioned data: disabled 384 [main] INFO org.hibernate.cfg.SettingsFactory - Scrollable result sets: enabled 384 [main] INFO org.hibernate.cfg.SettingsFactory - JDBC3 getGeneratedKeys(): enabled 384 [main] INFO org.hibernate.cfg.SettingsFactory - Connection release mode: auto 385 [main] INFO org.hibernate.cfg.SettingsFactory - Default batch fetch size: 1 385 [main] INFO org.hibernate.cfg.SettingsFactory - Generate SQL with comments: disabled 385 [main] INFO org.hibernate.cfg.SettingsFactory - Order SQL updates by primary key: disabled 385 [main] INFO org.hibernate.cfg.SettingsFactory - Order SQL inserts for batching: disabled 385 [main] INFO org.hibernate.cfg.SettingsFactory - Query translator: org.hibernate.hql.ast.ASTQueryTranslatorFactory 385 [main] INFO org.hibernate.hql.ast.ASTQueryTranslatorFactory - Using ASTQueryTranslatorFactory 385 [main] INFO org.hibernate.cfg.SettingsFactory - Query language substitutions: {} 385 [main] INFO org.hibernate.cfg.SettingsFactory - JPA-QL strict compliance: disabled 385 [main] INFO org.hibernate.cfg.SettingsFactory - Second-level cache: enabled 385 [main] INFO org.hibernate.cfg.SettingsFactory - Query cache: disabled 385 [main] INFO org.hibernate.cfg.SettingsFactory - Cache region factory : org.hibernate.cache.impl.NoCachingRegionFactory 386 [main] INFO org.hibernate.cfg.SettingsFactory - Optimize cache for minimal puts: disabled 386 [main] INFO org.hibernate.cfg.SettingsFactory - Structured second-level cache entries: disabled 388 [main] INFO org.hibernate.cfg.SettingsFactory - Echoing all SQL to stdout 389 [main] INFO org.hibernate.cfg.SettingsFactory - Statistics: disabled 389 [main] INFO org.hibernate.cfg.SettingsFactory - Deleted entity synthetic identifier rollback: disabled 389 [main] INFO org.hibernate.cfg.SettingsFactory - Default entity-mode: pojo 389 [main] INFO org.hibernate.cfg.SettingsFactory - Named query checking : enabled 389 [main] INFO org.hibernate.cfg.SettingsFactory - Check Nullability in Core (should be disabled when Bean Validation is on): enabled 402 [main] INFO org.hibernate.impl.SessionFactoryImpl - building session factory 549 [main] INFO org.hibernate.impl.SessionFactoryObjectFactory - Not binding factory to JNDI, no JNDI name configured Hibernate: select entityuser0_.id as id0_0_, entityuser0_.name as name0_0_, entityuser0_.password as password0_0_ from MstUser entityuser0_ where entityuser0_.id=? user fetched with 'get' : 1:Albert Kam xzy:abc user fetched with 'load' inside transaction : 1:Albert Kam xzy:abc userFromGet.getId() : 1 userFromGet.getName() : Albert Kam xzy userFromLoad.getId() : 1 userFromLoad.getName() : Albert Kam xzy

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Problem using Hibernate-Search

- by KCore

Hi, I am using hibernate search for my application. It is well configured and running perfectly till some time back, when it stopped working suddenly. The reason according to me being the number of my model (bean) classes. I have some 90 classes, which I add to my configuration, while building my Hibernate Configuration. When, I disable hibernate search (remove the search annotations and use Configuration instead of AnnotationsConfiguration), I try to start my application, it Works fine. But,the same app when I enable search, it just hangs up. I tried debugging and found the exact place where it hangs. After adding all the class to my AnnotationsConfiguration object, when I say cfg.buildSessionfactory(), It never comes out of that statement. (I have waited for hours!!!) Also when I decrease the number of my model classes (like say to half i.e. 50) it comes out of that statement and the application works fine.. Can Someone tell why is this happening?? My versions of hibernate are: hibernate-core-3.3.1.GA.jar hibernate-annotations-3.4.0.GA.jar hibernate-commons-annotations-3.1.0.GA.jar hibernate-search-3.1.0.GA.jar Also if need to avoid using AnnotationsConfiguration, I read that I need to configure the search event listeners explicitly.. can anyone list all the neccessary listeners and their respective classes? (I tried the standard ones given in Hibernate Search books, but they give me ClassNotFound exception and I have all the neccesarty libs in classpath) Here are the last few lines of hibernate trace I managed to pull : 16:09:32,814 INFO AnnotationConfiguration:369 - Hibernate Validator not found: ignoring 16:09:32,892 INFO ConnectionProviderFactory:95 - Initializing connection provider: org.hibernate.connection.C3P0ConnectionProvider 16:09:32,895 INFO C3P0ConnectionProvider:103 - C3P0 using driver: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver at URL: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/autolinkcrmcom_data 16:09:32,898 INFO C3P0ConnectionProvider:104 - Connection properties: {user=root, password=****} 16:09:32,900 INFO C3P0ConnectionProvider:107 - autocommit mode: false 16:09:33,694 INFO SettingsFactory:116 - RDBMS: MySQL, version: 5.1.37-1ubuntu5.1 16:09:33,696 INFO SettingsFactory:117 - JDBC driver: MySQL-AB JDBC Driver, version: mysql-connector-java-3.1.10 ( $Date: 2005/05/19 15:52:23 $, $Revision: 1.1.2.2 $ ) 16:09:33,701 INFO Dialect:175 - Using dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect 16:09:33,707 INFO TransactionFactoryFactory:59 - Using default transaction strategy (direct JDBC transactions) 16:09:33,709 INFO TransactionManagerLookupFactory:80 - No TransactionManagerLookup configured (in JTA environment, use of read-write or transactional second-level cache is not recommended) 16:09:33,711 INFO SettingsFactory:170 - Automatic flush during beforeCompletion(): disabled 16:09:33,714 INFO SettingsFactory:174 - Automatic session close at end of transaction: disabled 16:09:32,814 INFO AnnotationConfiguration:369 - Hibernate Validator not found: ignoring 16:09:32,892 INFO ConnectionProviderFactory:95 - Initializing connection provider: org.hibernate.connection.C3P0ConnectionProvider 16:09:32,895 INFO C3P0ConnectionProvider:103 - C3P0 using driver: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver at URL: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/autolinkcrmcom_data 16:09:32,898 INFO C3P0ConnectionProvider:104 - Connection properties: {user=root, password=****} 16:09:32,900 INFO C3P0ConnectionProvider:107 - autocommit mode: false 16:09:33,694 INFO SettingsFactory:116 - RDBMS: MySQL, version: 5.1.37-1ubuntu5.1 16:09:33,696 INFO SettingsFactory:117 - JDBC driver: MySQL-AB JDBC Driver, version: mysql-connector-java-3.1.10 ( $Date: 2005/05/19 15:52:23 $, $Revision: 1.1.2.2 $ ) 16:09:33,701 INFO Dialect:175 - Using dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect 16:09:33,707 INFO TransactionFactoryFactory:59 - Using default transaction strategy (direct JDBC transactions) 16:09:33,709 INFO TransactionManagerLookupFactory:80 - No TransactionManagerLookup configured (in JTA environment, use of read-write or transactional second-level cache is not recommended) 16:09:33,711 INFO SettingsFactory:170 - Automatic flush during beforeCompletion(): disabled 16:09:33,714 INFO SettingsFactory:174 - Automatic session close at end of transaction: disabled 16:09:33,716 INFO SettingsFactory:181 - JDBC batch size: 15 16:09:33,719 INFO SettingsFactory:184 - JDBC batch updates for versioned data: disabled 16:09:33,721 INFO SettingsFactory:189 - Scrollable result sets: enabled 16:09:33,723 DEBUG SettingsFactory:193 - Wrap result sets: disabled 16:09:33,725 INFO SettingsFactory:197 - JDBC3 getGeneratedKeys(): enabled 16:09:33,727 INFO SettingsFactory:205 - Connection release mode: auto 16:09:33,730 INFO SettingsFactory:229 - Maximum outer join fetch depth: 2 16:09:33,732 INFO SettingsFactory:232 - Default batch fetch size: 1000 16:09:33,735 INFO SettingsFactory:236 - Generate SQL with comments: disabled 16:09:33,737 INFO SettingsFactory:240 - Order SQL updates by primary key: disabled 16:09:33,740 INFO SettingsFactory:244 - Order SQL inserts for batching: disabled 16:09:33,742 INFO SettingsFactory:420 - Query translator: org.hibernate.hql.ast.ASTQueryTranslatorFactory 16:09:33,744 INFO ASTQueryTranslatorFactory:47 - Using ASTQueryTranslatorFactory 16:09:33,747 INFO SettingsFactory:252 - Query language substitutions: {} 16:09:33,750 INFO SettingsFactory:257 - JPA-QL strict compliance: disabled 16:09:33,752 INFO SettingsFactory:262 - Second-level cache: enabled 16:09:33,754 INFO SettingsFactory:266 - Query cache: disabled 16:09:33,757 INFO SettingsFactory:405 - Cache region factory : org.hibernate.cache.impl.bridge.RegionFactoryCacheProviderBridge 16:09:33,759 INFO RegionFactoryCacheProviderBridge:61 - Cache provider: net.sf.ehcache.hibernate.EhCacheProvider 16:09:33,762 INFO SettingsFactory:276 - Optimize cache for minimal puts: disabled 16:09:33,764 INFO SettingsFactory:285 - Structured second-level cache entries: disabled 16:09:33,766 INFO SettingsFactory:314 - Statistics: disabled 16:09:33,769 INFO SettingsFactory:318 - Deleted entity synthetic identifier rollback: disabled 16:09:33,771 INFO SettingsFactory:333 - Default entity-mode: pojo 16:09:33,774 INFO SettingsFactory:337 - Named query checking : enabled 16:09:33,869 INFO Version:20 - Hibernate Search 3.1.0.GA 16:09:35,134 DEBUG DocumentBuilderIndexedEntity:157 - Field selection in projections is set to false for entity **com.xyz.abc**. recognized hibernaterecognized hibernaterecognized hibernaterecognized hibernaterecognized hibernaterecognized hibernaterecognized hibernaterecognized hibernaterecognized hibernaterecognized hibernateDocumentBuilderIndexedEntity Donno what the last line indicates ??? (hibernaterecognized....) After the last line it doesnt do anything (no trace too ) and just hangs....

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Gallery items become off-center when switching into landscape orientation.

- by Sandile

Hey Guys, Thanks for your time. I'm writing an application for android 2.2 and I'm using a gallery to circulate through a list of images that the user can then click to navigate other portions of the application. In portrait orientation, everything is kosher: the images are displaying correctly (completely in the center of the screen as I intended); however, in landscape orientation, all the images in the gallery are strangely displaced a fixed distance to the left of the center of the screen. I've been researching this issue for hours now and haven't found a solution. I'm hoping that some android guru can aid me in the resolution of this bizarre rendering issue. MainMenuActivity.java relevant code snippet (the activity in which the gallery resides) Gallery optionList = (Gallery)findViewById(R.id.mainMenuOptionList); GalleryItem[] optionListItemIdArray = new GalleryItem[] { new GalleryItem(R.drawable.icon_main_menu_option_list_blackboard, "Start Next Lesson", "Start the next planned vocab lesson."), new GalleryItem(R.drawable.icon_main_menu_option_list_index_cards, "Review Words", "Manually look over old words."), new GalleryItem(R.drawable.icon_main_menu_option_list_dice, "Play Vocab Games", "Play games to reinforce knowledge."), new GalleryItem(R.drawable.icon_main_menu_option_list_calendar, "View Lesson Plan", "View the schedule for coming lessons."), new GalleryItem(R.drawable.icon_main_menu_option_list_pie_chart, "View Performance Report", "Evaluate your overall performance statistics."), new GalleryItem(R.drawable.icon_main_menu_option_list_settings, "Manage Settings", "Change and modify application settings.") }; optionList.setAdapter(new GalleryImageAdapter(this, optionListItemIdArray)); NOTE: A GalleryItem is a POJO with an image resource id, title and description. GalleryImageAdapter.java: public class GalleryImageAdapter extends BaseAdapter { private Context context; private GalleryItem[] galleryItemArray; public GalleryImageAdapter(Context context, GalleryItem[] galleryItemArray) { this.context = context; this.galleryItemArray = galleryItemArray; } @Override public int getCount() { return galleryItemArray.length; } @Override public Object getItem(int position) { return position; } @Override public long getItemId(int position) { return position; } @Override public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) { ImageView imageView = new ImageView(context); imageView.setImageResource(galleryItemArray[position].getImageId()); imageView.setScaleType(ImageView.ScaleType.FIT_START); imageView.setLayoutParams(new Gallery.LayoutParams(Gallery.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT, Gallery.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT)); return imageView; } } Portrait version of main_menu.xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:id="@+id/mainMenuLinearLayout" android:background="#3067a8" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" > <TextView android:id="@+id/mainMenuHeadingTextView" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:paddingLeft="10dip" android:textColor="#ffffff" android:textSize="50sp" android:text="@string/main_menu_heading" android:shadowColor="#555555" android:shadowDx="0" android:shadowDy="0" android:shadowRadius="2" /> <TextView android:id="@+id/mainMenuSubHeadingTextView" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:paddingLeft="15dip" android:textColor="#ffffff" android:textSize="15sp" android:text="@string/main_menu_sub_heading" android:shadowColor="#555555" android:shadowDx="0" android:shadowDy="0" android:shadowRadius="2" /> <Gallery xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:id="@+id/mainMenuOptionList" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:paddingTop="20dip" android:paddingBottom="10dip" android:spacing="40dip" /> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:id="@+id/mainMenuOptionListDetailLinearLayout" android:gravity="center_vertical|center_horizontal" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" > <TextView android:id="@+id/mainMenuOptionListLabelTextView" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:textColor="#ffffff" android:textSize="25sp" android:shadowColor="#555555" android:shadowDx="0" android:shadowDy="0" android:shadowRadius="2" /> <TextView android:id="@+id/mainMenuOptionListDescriptionTextView" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:textColor="#ffffff" android:textSize="15sp" android:shadowColor="#555555" android:shadowDx="0" android:shadowDy="0" android:shadowRadius="2" /> </LinearLayout> </LinearLayout> Landscape version of main_menu.xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:id="@+id/mainMenuLinearLayout" android:background="#3067a8" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" > <TextView android:id="@+id/mainMenuHeadingTextView" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:paddingLeft="10dip" android:textColor="#ffffff" android:textSize="50sp" android:text="@string/main_menu_heading" android:shadowColor="#555555" android:shadowDx="0" android:shadowDy="0" android:shadowRadius="2" /> <TextView android:id="@+id/mainMenuSubHeadingTextView" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:paddingLeft="15dip" android:textColor="#ffffff" android:textSize="15sp" android:text="@string/main_menu_sub_heading" android:shadowColor="#555555" android:shadowDx="0" android:shadowDy="0" android:shadowRadius="2" /> <Gallery xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:id="@+id/mainMenuOptionList" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="128dip" android:paddingLeft="0dip" android:paddingTop="5dip" android:spacing="10dip" /> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:id="@+id/mainMenuOptionListDetailLinearLayout" android:gravity="center_vertical|center_horizontal" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" > <TextView android:id="@+id/mainMenuOptionListLabelTextView" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:textColor="#ffffff" android:textSize="25sp" android:shadowColor="#555555" android:shadowDx="0" android:shadowDy="0" android:shadowRadius="2" /> <TextView android:id="@+id/mainMenuOptionListDescriptionTextView" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:textColor="#ffffff" android:textSize="15sp" android:shadowColor="#555555" android:shadowDx="0" android:shadowDy="0" android:shadowRadius="2" /> </LinearLayout> </LinearLayout> Thank you for your time!

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Strange: Planner takes decision with lower cost, but (very) query long runtime

- by S38

Facts: PGSQL 8.4.2, Linux I make use of table inheritance Each Table contains 3 million rows Indexes on joining columns are set Table statistics (analyze, vacuum analyze) are up-to-date Only used table is "node" with varios partitioned sub-tables Recursive query (pg = 8.4) Now here is the explained query: WITH RECURSIVE rows AS ( SELECT * FROM ( SELECT r.id, r.set, r.parent, r.masterid FROM d_storage.node_dataset r WHERE masterid = 3533933 ) q UNION ALL SELECT * FROM ( SELECT c.id, c.set, c.parent, r.masterid FROM rows r JOIN a_storage.node c ON c.parent = r.id ) q ) SELECT r.masterid, r.id AS nodeid FROM rows r QUERY PLAN ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CTE Scan on rows r (cost=2742105.92..2862119.94 rows=6000701 width=16) (actual time=0.033..172111.204 rows=4 loops=1) CTE rows -> Recursive Union (cost=0.00..2742105.92 rows=6000701 width=28) (actual time=0.029..172111.183 rows=4 loops=1) -> Index Scan using node_dataset_masterid on node_dataset r (cost=0.00..8.60 rows=1 width=28) (actual time=0.025..0.027 rows=1 loops=1) Index Cond: (masterid = 3533933) -> Hash Join (cost=0.33..262208.33 rows=600070 width=28) (actual time=40628.371..57370.361 rows=1 loops=3) Hash Cond: (c.parent = r.id) -> Append (cost=0.00..211202.04 rows=12001404 width=20) (actual time=0.011..46365.669 rows=12000004 loops=3) -> Seq Scan on node c (cost=0.00..24.00 rows=1400 width=20) (actual time=0.002..0.002 rows=0 loops=3) -> Seq Scan on node_dataset c (cost=0.00..55001.01 rows=3000001 width=20) (actual time=0.007..3426.593 rows=3000001 loops=3) -> Seq Scan on node_stammdaten c (cost=0.00..52059.01 rows=3000001 width=20) (actual time=0.008..9049.189 rows=3000001 loops=3) -> Seq Scan on node_stammdaten_adresse c (cost=0.00..52059.01 rows=3000001 width=20) (actual time=3.455..8381.725 rows=3000001 loops=3) -> Seq Scan on node_testdaten c (cost=0.00..52059.01 rows=3000001 width=20) (actual time=1.810..5259.178 rows=3000001 loops=3) -> Hash (cost=0.20..0.20 rows=10 width=16) (actual time=0.010..0.010 rows=1 loops=3) -> WorkTable Scan on rows r (cost=0.00..0.20 rows=10 width=16) (actual time=0.002..0.004 rows=1 loops=3) Total runtime: 172111.371 ms (16 rows) (END) So far so bad, the planner decides to choose hash joins (good) but no indexes (bad). Now after doing the following: SET enable_hashjoins TO false; The explained query looks like that: QUERY PLAN ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CTE Scan on rows r (cost=15198247.00..15318261.02 rows=6000701 width=16) (actual time=0.038..49.221 rows=4 loops=1) CTE rows -> Recursive Union (cost=0.00..15198247.00 rows=6000701 width=28) (actual time=0.032..49.201 rows=4 loops=1) -> Index Scan using node_dataset_masterid on node_dataset r (cost=0.00..8.60 rows=1 width=28) (actual time=0.028..0.031 rows=1 loops=1) Index Cond: (masterid = 3533933) -> Nested Loop (cost=0.00..1507822.44 rows=600070 width=28) (actual time=10.384..16.382 rows=1 loops=3) Join Filter: (r.id = c.parent) -> WorkTable Scan on rows r (cost=0.00..0.20 rows=10 width=16) (actual time=0.001..0.003 rows=1 loops=3) -> Append (cost=0.00..113264.67 rows=3001404 width=20) (actual time=8.546..12.268 rows=1 loops=4) -> Seq Scan on node c (cost=0.00..24.00 rows=1400 width=20) (actual time=0.001..0.001 rows=0 loops=4) -> Bitmap Heap Scan on node_dataset c (cost=58213.87..113214.88 rows=3000001 width=20) (actual time=1.906..1.906 rows=0 loops=4) Recheck Cond: (c.parent = r.id) -> Bitmap Index Scan on node_dataset_parent (cost=0.00..57463.87 rows=3000001 width=0) (actual time=1.903..1.903 rows=0 loops=4) Index Cond: (c.parent = r.id) -> Index Scan using node_stammdaten_parent on node_stammdaten c (cost=0.00..8.60 rows=1 width=20) (actual time=3.272..3.273 rows=0 loops=4) Index Cond: (c.parent = r.id) -> Index Scan using node_stammdaten_adresse_parent on node_stammdaten_adresse c (cost=0.00..8.60 rows=1 width=20) (actual time=4.333..4.333 rows=0 loops=4) Index Cond: (c.parent = r.id) -> Index Scan using node_testdaten_parent on node_testdaten c (cost=0.00..8.60 rows=1 width=20) (actual time=2.745..2.746 rows=0 loops=4) Index Cond: (c.parent = r.id) Total runtime: 49.349 ms (21 rows) (END) - incredibly faster, because indexes were used. Notice: Cost of the second query ist somewhat higher than for the first query. So the main question is: Why does the planner make the first decision, instead of the second? Also interesing: Via SET enable_seqscan TO false; i temp. disabled seq scans. Than the planner used indexes and hash joins, and the query still was slow. So the problem seems to be the hash join. Maybe someone can help in this confusing situation? thx, R.

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C++ Program performs better when piped

- by ET1 Nerd

I haven't done any programming in a decade. I wanted to get back into it, so I made this little pointless program as practice. The easiest way to describe what it does is with output of my --help codeblock: ./prng_bench --help ./prng_bench: usage: ./prng_bench $N $B [$T] This program will generate an N digit base(B) random number until all N digits are the same. Once a repeating N digit base(B) number is found, the following statistics are displayed: -Decimal value of all N digits. -Time & number of tries taken to randomly find. Optionally, this process is repeated T times. When running multiple repititions, averages for all N digit base(B) numbers are displayed at the end, as well as total time and total tries. My "problem" is that when the problem is "easy", say a 3 digit base 10 number, and I have it do a large number of passes the "total time" is less when piped to grep. ie: command ; command |grep took : ./prng_bench 3 10 999999 ; ./prng_bench 3 10 999999|grep took .... Pass# 999999: All 3 base(10) digits = 3 base(10). Time: 0.00005 secs. Tries: 23 It took 191.86701 secs & 99947208 tries to find 999999 repeating 3 digit base(10) numbers. An average of 0.00019 secs & 99 tries was needed to find each one. It took 159.32355 secs & 99947208 tries to find 999999 repeating 3 digit base(10) numbers. If I run the same command many times w/o grep time is always VERY close. I'm using srand(1234) for now, to test. The code between my calls to clock_gettime() for start and stop do not involve any stream manipulation, which would obviously affect time. I realize this is an exercise in futility, but I'd like to know why it behaves this way. Below is heart of the program. Here's a link to the full source on DB if anybody wants to compile and test. https://www.dropbox.com/s/6olqnnjf3unkm2m/prng_bench.cpp clock_gettime() requires -lrt. for (int pass_num=1; pass_num<=passes; pass_num++) { //Executes $passes # of times. clock_gettime(CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID, &temp_time); //get time start_time = timetodouble(temp_time); //convert time to double, store as start_time for(i=1, tries=0; i!=0; tries++) { //loops until 'comparison for' fully completes. counts reps as 'tries'. <------------ for (i=0; i<Ndigits; i++) //Move forward through array. | results[i]=(rand()%base); //assign random num of base to element (digit). | /*for (i=0; i<Ndigits; i++) //---Debug Lines--------------- | std::cout<<" "<<results[i]; //---a LOT of output.---------- | std::cout << "\n"; //---Comment/decoment to disable/enable.*/ // | for (i=Ndigits-1; i>0 && results[i]==results[0]; i--); //Move through array, != element breaks & i!=0, new digits drawn. -| } //If all are equal i will be 0, nested for condition satisfied. -| clock_gettime(CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID, &temp_time); //get time draw_time = (timetodouble(temp_time) - start_time); //convert time to dbl, subtract start_time, set draw_time to diff. total_time += draw_time; //add time for this pass to total. total_tries += tries; //add tries for this pass to total. /*Formated output for each pass: Pass# ---: All -- base(--) digits = -- base(10) Time: ----.---- secs. Tries: ----- (LINE) */ std::cout<<"Pass# "<<std::setw(width_pass)<<pass_num<<": All "<<Ndigits<<" base("<<base<<") digits = " <<std::setw(width_base)<<results[0]<<" base(10). Time: "<<std::setw(width_time)<<draw_time <<" secs. Tries: "<<tries<<"\n"; } if(passes==1) return 0; //No need for totals and averages of 1 pass. /* It took ----.---- secs & ------ tries to find --- repeating -- digit base(--) numbers. (LINE) An average of ---.---- secs & ---- tries was needed to find each one. (LINE)(LINE) */ std::cout<<"It took "<<total_time<<" secs & "<<total_tries<<" tries to find " <<passes<<" repeating "<<Ndigits<<" digit base("<<base<<") numbers.\n" <<"An average of "<<total_time/passes<<" secs & "<<total_tries/passes <<" tries was needed to find each one. \n\n"; return 0;

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Why is Java EE 6 better than Spring ?

- by arungupta

Java EE 6 was released over 2 years ago and now there are 14 compliant application servers. In all my talks around the world, a question that is frequently asked is Why should I use Java EE 6 instead of Spring ? There are already several blogs covering that topic: Java EE wins over Spring by Bill Burke Why will I use Java EE instead of Spring in new Enterprise Java projects in 2012 ? by Kai Waehner (more discussion on TSS) Spring to Java EE migration (Part 1 and 2, 3 and 4 coming as well) by David Heffelfinger Spring to Java EE - A Migration Experience by Lincoln Baxter Migrating Spring to Java EE 6 by Bert Ertman and Paul Bakker at NLJUG Moving from Spring to Java EE 6 - The Age of Frameworks is Over at TSS Java EE vs Spring Shootout by Rohit Kelapure and Reza Rehman at JavaOne 2011 Java EE 6 and the Ewoks by Murat Yener Definite excuse to avoid Spring forever - Bert Ertman and Arun Gupta I will try to share my perspective in this blog. First of all, I'd like to start with a note: Thank you Spring framework for filling the interim gap and providing functionality that is now included in the mainstream Java EE 6 application servers. The Java EE platform has evolved over the years learning from frameworks like Spring and provides all the functionality to build an enterprise application. Thank you very much Spring framework! While Spring was revolutionary in its time and is still very popular and quite main stream in the same way Struts was circa 2003, it really is last generation's framework - some people are even calling it legacy. However my theory is "code is king". So my approach is to build/take a simple Hello World CRUD application in Java EE 6 and Spring and compare the deployable artifacts. I started looking at the official tutorial Developing a Spring Framework MVC Application Step-by-Step but it is using the older version 2.5. I wasn't able to find any updated version in the current 3.1 release. Next, I downloaded Spring Tool Suite and thought that would provide some template samples to get started. A least a quick search did not show any handy tutorials - either video or text-based. So I searched and found a link to their SVN repository at src.springframework.org/svn/spring-samples/. I tried the "mvc-basic" sample and the generated WAR file was 4.43 MB. While it was named a "basic" sample it seemed to come with 19 different libraries bundled but it was what I could find: ./WEB-INF/lib/aopalliance-1.0.jar./WEB-INF/lib/hibernate-validator-4.1.0.Final.jar./WEB-INF/lib/jcl-over-slf4j-1.6.1.jar./WEB-INF/lib/joda-time-1.6.2.jar./WEB-INF/lib/joda-time-jsptags-1.0.2.jar./WEB-INF/lib/jstl-1.2.jar./WEB-INF/lib/log4j-1.2.16.jar./WEB-INF/lib/slf4j-api-1.6.1.jar./WEB-INF/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.6.1.jar./WEB-INF/lib/spring-aop-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar./WEB-INF/lib/spring-asm-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar./WEB-INF/lib/spring-beans-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar./WEB-INF/lib/spring-context-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar./WEB-INF/lib/spring-context-support-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar./WEB-INF/lib/spring-core-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar./WEB-INF/lib/spring-expression-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar./WEB-INF/lib/spring-web-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar./WEB-INF/lib/spring-webmvc-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar./WEB-INF/lib/validation-api-1.0.0.GA.jar And it is not even using any database! The app deployed fine on GlassFish 3.1.2 but the "@Controller Example" link did not work as it was missing the context root. With a bit of tweaking I could deploy the application and assume that the account got created because no error was displayed in the browser or server log. Next I generated the WAR for "mvc-ajax" and the 5.1 MB WAR had 20 JARs (1 removed, 2 added): ./WEB-INF/lib/aopalliance-1.0.jar./WEB-INF/lib/hibernate-validator-4.1.0.Final.jar./WEB-INF/lib/jackson-core-asl-1.6.4.jar./WEB-INF/lib/jackson-mapper-asl-1.6.4.jar./WEB-INF/lib/jcl-over-slf4j-1.6.1.jar./WEB-INF/lib/joda-time-1.6.2.jar./WEB-INF/lib/jstl-1.2.jar./WEB-INF/lib/log4j-1.2.16.jar./WEB-INF/lib/slf4j-api-1.6.1.jar./WEB-INF/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.6.1.jar./WEB-INF/lib/spring-aop-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar./WEB-INF/lib/spring-asm-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar./WEB-INF/lib/spring-beans-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar./WEB-INF/lib/spring-context-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar./WEB-INF/lib/spring-context-support-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar./WEB-INF/lib/spring-core-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar./WEB-INF/lib/spring-expression-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar./WEB-INF/lib/spring-web-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar./WEB-INF/lib/spring-webmvc-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar./WEB-INF/lib/validation-api-1.0.0.GA.jar 2 more JARs for just doing Ajax. Anyway, deploying this application gave the following error: Caused by: java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: org.codehaus.jackson.map.SerializationConfig.<init>(Lorg/codehaus/jackson/map/ClassIntrospector;Lorg/codehaus/jackson/map/AnnotationIntrospector;Lorg/codehaus/jackson/map/introspect/VisibilityChecker;Lorg/codehaus/jackson/map/jsontype/SubtypeResolver;)V at org.springframework.samples.mvc.ajax.json.ConversionServiceAwareObjectMapper.<init>(ConversionServiceAwareObjectMapper.java:20) at org.springframework.samples.mvc.ajax.json.JacksonConversionServiceConfigurer.postProcessAfterInitialization(JacksonConversionServiceConfigurer.java:40) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.applyBeanPostProcessorsAfterInitialization(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:407) Seems like some incorrect repos in the "pom.xml". Next one is "mvc-showcase" and the 6.49 MB WAR now has 28 JARs as shown below: ./WEB-INF/lib/aopalliance-1.0.jar./WEB-INF/lib/aspectjrt-1.6.10.jar./WEB-INF/lib/commons-fileupload-1.2.2.jar./WEB-INF/lib/commons-io-2.0.1.jar./WEB-INF/lib/el-api-2.2.jar./WEB-INF/lib/hibernate-validator-4.1.0.Final.jar./WEB-INF/lib/jackson-core-asl-1.8.1.jar./WEB-INF/lib/jackson-mapper-asl-1.8.1.jar./WEB-INF/lib/javax.inject-1.jar./WEB-INF/lib/jcl-over-slf4j-1.6.1.jar./WEB-INF/lib/jdom-1.0.jar./WEB-INF/lib/joda-time-1.6.2.jar./WEB-INF/lib/jstl-api-1.2.jar./WEB-INF/lib/jstl-impl-1.2.jar./WEB-INF/lib/log4j-1.2.16.jar./WEB-INF/lib/rome-1.0.0.jar./WEB-INF/lib/slf4j-api-1.6.1.jar./WEB-INF/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.6.1.jar./WEB-INF/lib/spring-aop-3.1.0.RELEASE.jar./WEB-INF/lib/spring-asm-3.1.0.RELEASE.jar./WEB-INF/lib/spring-beans-3.1.0.RELEASE.jar./WEB-INF/lib/spring-context-3.1.0.RELEASE.jar./WEB-INF/lib/spring-context-support-3.1.0.RELEASE.jar./WEB-INF/lib/spring-core-3.1.0.RELEASE.jar./WEB-INF/lib/spring-expression-3.1.0.RELEASE.jar./WEB-INF/lib/spring-web-3.1.0.RELEASE.jar./WEB-INF/lib/spring-webmvc-3.1.0.RELEASE.jar./WEB-INF/lib/validation-api-1.0.0.GA.jar The app at least deployed and showed results this time. But still no database! Next I tried building "jpetstore" and got the error: [ERROR] Failed to execute goal on project org.springframework.samples.jpetstore:Could not resolve dependencies for project org.springframework.samples:org.springframework.samples.jpetstore:war:1.0.0-SNAPSHOT: Failed to collect dependencies for [commons-fileupload:commons-fileupload:jar:1.2.1 (compile), org.apache.struts:com.springsource.org.apache.struts:jar:1.2.9 (compile), javax.xml.rpc:com.springsource.javax.xml.rpc:jar:1.1.0 (compile), org.apache.commons:com.springsource.org.apache.commons.dbcp:jar:1.2.2.osgi (compile), commons-io:commons-io:jar:1.3.2 (compile), hsqldb:hsqldb:jar:1.8.0.7 (compile), org.apache.tiles:tiles-core:jar:2.2.0 (compile), org.apache.tiles:tiles-jsp:jar:2.2.0 (compile), org.tuckey:urlrewritefilter:jar:3.1.0 (compile), org.springframework:spring-webmvc:jar:3.0.0.BUILD-SNAPSHOT (compile), org.springframework:spring-orm:jar:3.0.0.BUILD-SNAPSHOT (compile), org.springframework:spring-context-support:jar:3.0.0.BUILD-SNAPSHOT (compile), org.springframework.webflow:spring-js:jar:2.0.7.RELEASE (compile), org.apache.ibatis:com.springsource.com.ibatis:jar:2.3.4.726 (runtime), com.caucho:com.springsource.com.caucho:jar:3.2.1 (compile), org.apache.axis:com.springsource.org.apache.axis:jar:1.4.0 (compile), javax.wsdl:com.springsource.javax.wsdl:jar:1.6.1 (compile), javax.servlet:jstl:jar:1.2 (runtime), org.aspectj:aspectjweaver:jar:1.6.5 (compile), javax.servlet:servlet-api:jar:2.5 (provided), javax.servlet.jsp:jsp-api:jar:2.1 (provided), junit:junit:jar:4.6 (test)]: Failed to read artifact descriptor for org.springframework:spring-webmvc:jar:3.0.0.BUILD-SNAPSHOT: Could not transfer artifact org.springframework:spring-webmvc:pom:3.0.0.BUILD-SNAPSHOT from/to JBoss repository (http://repository.jboss.com/maven2): Access denied to: http://repository.jboss.com/maven2/org/springframework/spring-webmvc/3.0.0.BUILD-SNAPSHOT/spring-webmvc-3.0.0.BUILD-SNAPSHOT.pom It appears the sample is broken - maybe I was pulling from the wrong repository - would be great if someone were to point me at a good target to use here. With a 50% hit on samples in this repository, I started searching through numerous blogs, most of which have either outdated information (using XML-heavy Spring 2.5), some piece of configuration (which is a typical "feature" of Spring) is missing, or too much complexity in the sample. I finally found this blog that worked like a charm. This blog creates a trivial Spring MVC 3 application using Hibernate and MySQL. This application performs CRUD operations on a single table in a database using typical Spring technologies. I downloaded the sample code from the blog, deployed it on GlassFish 3.1.2 and could CRUD the "person" entity. The source code for this application can be downloaded here. More details on the application statistics below. And then I built a similar CRUD application in Java EE 6 using NetBeans wizards in a couple of minutes. The source code for the application can be downloaded here and the WAR here. The Spring Source Tool Suite may also offer similar wizard-driven capabilities but this blog focus primarily on comparing the runtimes. The lack of STS tutorials was slightly disappointing as well. NetBeans however has tons of text-based and video tutorials and tons of material even by the community. One more bit on the download size of tools bundle ... NetBeans 7.1.1 "All" is 211 MB (which includes GlassFish and Tomcat) Spring Tool Suite 2.9.0 is 347 MB (~ 65% bigger) This blog is not about the tooling comparison so back to the Java EE 6 version of the application .... In order to run the Java EE version on GlassFish, copy the MySQL Connector/J to glassfish3/glassfish/domains/domain1/lib/ext directory and create a JDBC connection pool and JDBC resource as: ./bin/asadmin create-jdbc-connection-pool --datasourceclassname \\ com.mysql.jdbc.jdbc2.optional.MysqlDataSource --restype \\ javax.sql.DataSource --property \\ portNumber=3306:user=mysql:password=mysql:databaseName=mydatabase \\ myConnectionPool ./bin/asadmin create-jdbc-resource --connectionpoolid myConnectionPool jdbc/myDataSource I generated WARs for the two projects and the table below highlights some differences between them: Java EE 6 Spring WAR File Size 0.021030 MB 10.87 MB (~516x) Number of files 20 53 (> 2.5x) Bundled libraries 0 36 Total size of libraries 0 12.1 MB XML files 3 5 LoC in XML files 50 (11 + 15 + 24) 129 (27 + 46 + 16 + 11 + 19) (~ 2.5x) Total .properties files 1 Bundle.properties 2 spring.properties, log4j.properties Cold Deploy 5,339 ms 11,724 ms Second Deploy 481 ms 6,261 ms Third Deploy 528 ms 5,484 ms Fourth Deploy 484 ms 5,576 ms Runtime memory ~73 MB ~101 MB Some points worth highlighting from the table ... 516x WAR file, 10x deployment time - With 12.1 MB of libraries (for a very basic application) bundled in your application, the WAR file size and the deployment time will naturally go higher. The WAR file for Spring-based application is 516x bigger and the deployment time is double during the first deployment and ~ 10x during subsequent deployments. The Java EE 6 application is fully portable and will run on any Java EE 6 compliant application server. 36 libraries in the WAR - There are 14 Java EE 6 compliant application servers today. Each of those servers provide all the functionality like transactions, dependency injection, security, persistence, etc typically required of an enterprise or web application. There is no need to bundle 36 libraries worth 12.1 MB for a trivial CRUD application. These 14 compliant application servers provide all the functionality baked in. Now you can also deploy these libraries in the container but then you don't get the "portability" offered by Spring in that case. Does your typical Spring deployment actually do that ? 3x LoC in XML - The number of XML files is about 1.6x and the LoC is ~ 2.5x. So much XML seems circa 2003 when the Java language had no annotations. The XML files can be further reduced, e.g. faces-config.xml can be replaced without providing i18n, but I just want to compare stock applications. Memory usage - Both the applications were deployed on default GlassFish 3.1.2 installation and any additional memory consumed as part of deployment/access was attributed to the application. This is by no means scientific but at least provides an initial ballpark. This area definitely needs more investigation. Another table that compares typical Java EE 6 compliant application servers and the custom-stack created for a Spring application ... Java EE 6 Spring Web Container ? 53 MB (tcServer 2.6.3 Developer Edition) Security ? 12 MB (Spring Security 3.1.0) Persistence ? 6.3 MB (Hibernate 4.1.0, required) Dependency Injection ? 5.3 MB (Framework) Web Services ? 796 KB (Spring WS 2.0.4) Messaging ? 3.4 MB (RabbitMQ Server 2.7.1) 936 KB (Java client 936) OSGi ? 1.3 MB (Spring OSGi 1.2.1) GlassFish and WebLogic (starting at 33 MB) 83.3 MB There are differentiating factors on both the stacks. But most of the functionality like security, persistence, and dependency injection is baked in a Java EE 6 compliant application server but needs to be individually managed and patched for a Spring application. This very quickly leads to a "stack explosion". The Java EE 6 servers are tested extensively on a variety of platforms in different combinations whereas a Spring application developer is responsible for testing with different JDKs, Operating Systems, Versions, Patches, etc. Oracle has both the leading OSS lightweight server with GlassFish and the leading enterprise Java server with WebLogic Server, both Java EE 6 and both with lightweight deployment options. The Web Container offered as part of a Java EE 6 application server not only deploys your enterprise Java applications but also provide operational management, diagnostics, and mission-critical capabilities required by your applications. The Java EE 6 platform also introduced the Web Profile which is a subset of the specifications from the entire platform. It is targeted at developers of modern web applications offering a reasonably complete stack, composed of standard APIs, and is capable out-of-the-box of addressing the needs of a large class of Web applications. As your applications grow, the stack can grow to the full Java EE 6 platform. The GlassFish Server Web Profile starting at 33MB (smaller than just the non-standard tcServer) provides most of the functionality typically required by a web application. WebLogic provides battle-tested functionality for a high throughput, low latency, and enterprise grade web application. No individual managing or patching, all tested and commercially supported for you! Note that VMWare does have a server, tcServer, but it is non-standard and not even certified to the level of the standard Web Profile most customers expect these days. Customers who choose this risk proprietary lock-in since VMWare does not seem to want to formally certify with either Java EE 6 Enterprise Platform or with Java EE 6 Web Profile but of course it would be great if they were to join the community and help their customers reduce the risk of deploying on VMWare software. Some more points to help you decide choose between Java EE 6 and Spring ... Freedom to choose container - There are 14 Java EE 6 compliant application servers today, with a variety of open source and commercial offerings. A Java EE 6 application can be deployed on any of those containers. So if you deployed your application on GlassFish today and would like to scale up with your demands then you can deploy the same application to WebLogic. And because of the portability of a Java EE 6 application, you can even take it a different vendor altogether. Spring requires a runtime which could be any of these app servers as well. But why use Spring when all the required functionality is already baked into the application server itself ? Spring also has a different definition of portability where they claim to bundle all the libraries in the WAR file and move to any application server. But we saw earlier how bloated that archive could be. The equivalent features in Spring runtime offerings (mainly tcServer) are not all open source, not as mature, and often require manual assembly. Vendor choice - The Java EE 6 platform is created using the Java Community Process where all the big players like Oracle, IBM, RedHat, and Apache are conritbuting to make the platform successful. Each application server provides the basic Java EE 6 platform compliance and has its own competitive offerings. This allows you to choose an application server for deploying your Java EE 6 applications. If you are not happy with the support or feature of one vendor then you can move your application to a different vendor because of the portability promise offered by the platform. Spring is a set of products from a single company, one price book, one support organization, one sustaining organization, one sales organization, etc. If any of those cause a customer headache, where do you go ? Java EE, backed by multiple vendors, is a safer bet for those that are risk averse. Production support - With Spring, typically you need to get support from two vendors - VMWare and the container provider. With Java EE 6, all of this is typically provided by one vendor. For example, Oracle offers commercial support from systems, operating systems, JDK, application server, and applications on top of them. VMWare certainly offers complete production support but do you really want to put all your eggs in one basket ? Do you really use tcServer ? ;-) Maintainability - With Spring, you are likely building your own distribution with multiple JAR files, integrating, patching, versioning, etc of all those components. Spring's claim is that multiple JAR files allow you to go à la carte and pick the latest versions of different components. But who is responsible for testing whether all these versions work together ? Yep, you got it, its YOU! If something does not work, who patches and maintains the JARs ? Of course, you! Commercial support for such a configuration ? On your own! The Java EE application servers manage all of this for you and provide a well-tested and commercially supported bundle. While it is always good to realize that there is something new and improved that updates and replaces older frameworks like Spring, the good news is not only does a Java EE 6 container offer what is described here, most also will let you deploy and run your Spring applications on them while you go through an upgrade to a more modern architecture. End result, you get the best of both worlds - keeping your legacy investment but moving to a more agile, lightweight world of Java EE 6. A message to the Spring lovers ... The complexity in J2EE 1.2, 1.3, and 1.4 led to the genesis of Spring but that was in 2004. This is 2012 and the name has changed to "Java EE 6" :-) There are tons of improvements in the Java EE platform to make it easy-to-use and powerful. Some examples: Adding @Stateless on a POJO makes it an EJB EJBs can be packaged in a WAR with no special packaging or deployment descriptors "web.xml" and "faces-config.xml" are optional in most of the common cases Typesafe dependency injection is now part of the Java EE platform Add @Path on a POJO allows you to publish it as a RESTful resource EJBs can be used as backing beans for Facelets-driven JSF pages providing full MVC Java EE 6 WARs are known to be kilobytes in size and deployed in milliseconds Tons of other simplifications in the platform and application servers So if you moved away from J2EE to Spring many years ago and have not looked at Java EE 6 (which has been out since Dec 2009) then you should definitely try it out. Just be at least aware of what other alternatives are available instead of restricting yourself to one stack. Here are some workshops and screencasts worth trying: screencast #37 shows how to build an end-to-end application using NetBeans screencast #36 builds the same application using Eclipse javaee-lab-feb2012.pdf is a 3-4 hours self-paced hands-on workshop that guides you to build a comprehensive Java EE 6 application using NetBeans Each city generally has a "spring cleanup" program every year. It allows you to clean up the mess from your house. For your software projects, you don't need to wait for an annual event, just get started and reduce the technical debt now! Move away from your legacy Spring-based applications to a lighter and more modern approach of building enterprise Java applications using Java EE 6. Watch this beautiful presentation that explains how to migrate from Spring -> Java EE 6: List of files in the Java EE 6 project: ./index.xhtml./META-INF./person./person/Create.xhtml./person/Edit.xhtml./person/List.xhtml./person/View.xhtml./resources./resources/css./resources/css/jsfcrud.css./template.xhtml./WEB-INF./WEB-INF/classes./WEB-INF/classes/Bundle.properties./WEB-INF/classes/META-INF./WEB-INF/classes/META-INF/persistence.xml./WEB-INF/classes/org./WEB-INF/classes/org/javaee./WEB-INF/classes/org/javaee/javaeemysql./WEB-INF/classes/org/javaee/javaeemysql/AbstractFacade.class./WEB-INF/classes/org/javaee/javaeemysql/Person.class./WEB-INF/classes/org/javaee/javaeemysql/Person_.class./WEB-INF/classes/org/javaee/javaeemysql/PersonController$1.class./WEB-INF/classes/org/javaee/javaeemysql/PersonController$PersonControllerConverter.class./WEB-INF/classes/org/javaee/javaeemysql/PersonController.class./WEB-INF/classes/org/javaee/javaeemysql/PersonFacade.class./WEB-INF/classes/org/javaee/javaeemysql/util./WEB-INF/classes/org/javaee/javaeemysql/util/JsfUtil.class./WEB-INF/classes/org/javaee/javaeemysql/util/PaginationHelper.class./WEB-INF/faces-config.xml./WEB-INF/web.xml List of files in the Spring 3.x project: ./META-INF ./META-INF/MANIFEST.MF./WEB-INF./WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml./WEB-INF/classes./WEB-INF/classes/log4j.properties./WEB-INF/classes/org./WEB-INF/classes/org/krams ./WEB-INF/classes/org/krams/tutorial ./WEB-INF/classes/org/krams/tutorial/controller ./WEB-INF/classes/org/krams/tutorial/controller/MainController.class ./WEB-INF/classes/org/krams/tutorial/domain ./WEB-INF/classes/org/krams/tutorial/domain/Person.class ./WEB-INF/classes/org/krams/tutorial/service ./WEB-INF/classes/org/krams/tutorial/service/PersonService.class ./WEB-INF/hibernate-context.xml ./WEB-INF/hibernate.cfg.xml ./WEB-INF/jsp ./WEB-INF/jsp/addedpage.jsp ./WEB-INF/jsp/addpage.jsp ./WEB-INF/jsp/deletedpage.jsp ./WEB-INF/jsp/editedpage.jsp ./WEB-INF/jsp/editpage.jsp ./WEB-INF/jsp/personspage.jsp ./WEB-INF/lib ./WEB-INF/lib/antlr-2.7.6.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/aopalliance-1.0.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/c3p0-0.9.1.2.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/cglib-nodep-2.2.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/commons-beanutils-1.8.3.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/commons-collections-3.2.1.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/commons-digester-2.1.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/commons-logging-1.1.1.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/dom4j-1.6.1.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/ejb3-persistence-1.0.2.GA.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/hibernate-annotations-3.4.0.GA.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/hibernate-commons-annotations-3.1.0.GA.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/hibernate-core-3.3.2.GA.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/javassist-3.7.ga.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/jstl-1.1.2.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/jta-1.1.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/junit-4.8.1.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/log4j-1.2.14.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/mysql-connector-java-5.1.14.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/persistence-api-1.0.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/slf4j-api-1.6.1.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.6.1.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/spring-aop-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/spring-asm-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/spring-beans-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/spring-context-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/spring-context-support-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/spring-core-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/spring-expression-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/spring-jdbc-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/spring-orm-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/spring-tx-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/spring-web-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/spring-webmvc-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/standard-1.1.2.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/xml-apis-1.0.b2.jar ./WEB-INF/spring-servlet.xml ./WEB-INF/spring.properties ./WEB-INF/web.xml So, are you excited about Java EE 6 ? Want to get started now ? Here are some resources: Java EE 6 SDK (including runtime, samples, tutorials etc) GlassFish Server Open Source Edition 3.1.2 (Community) Oracle GlassFish Server 3.1.2 (Commercial) Java EE 6 using WebLogic 12c and NetBeans (Video) Java EE 6 with NetBeans and GlassFish (Video) Java EE with Eclipse and GlassFish (Video)

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VS 2010 SP1 and SQL CE

- by ScottGu

Last month we released the Beta of VS 2010 Service Pack 1 (SP1). You can learn more about the VS 2010 SP1 Beta from Jason Zander’s two blog posts about it, and from Scott Hanselman’s blog post that covers some of the new capabilities enabled with it. You can download and install the VS 2010 SP1 Beta here. Last week I blogged about the new Visual Studio support for IIS Express that we are adding with VS 2010 SP1. In today’s post I’m going to talk about the new VS 2010 SP1 tooling support for SQL CE, and walkthrough some of the cool scenarios it enables. SQL CE – What is it and why should you care? SQL CE is a free, embedded, database engine that enables easy database storage. No Database Installation Required SQL CE does not require you to run a setup or install a database server in order to use it. You can simply copy the SQL CE binaries into the \bin directory of your ASP.NET application, and then your web application can use it as a database engine. No setup or extra security permissions are required for it to run. You do not need to have an administrator account on the machine. Just copy your web application onto any server and it will work. This is true even of medium-trust applications running in a web hosting environment. SQL CE runs in-memory within your ASP.NET application and will start-up when you first access a SQL CE database, and will automatically shutdown when your application is unloaded. SQL CE databases are stored as files that live within the \App_Data folder of your ASP.NET Applications. Works with Existing Data APIs SQL CE 4 works with existing .NET-based data APIs, and supports a SQL Server compatible query syntax. This means you can use existing data APIs like ADO.NET, as well as use higher-level ORMs like Entity Framework and NHibernate with SQL CE. This enables you to use the same data programming skills and data APIs you know today. Supports Development, Testing and Production Scenarios SQL CE can be used for development scenarios, testing scenarios, and light production usage scenarios. With the SQL CE 4 release we’ve done the engineering work to ensure that SQL CE won’t crash or deadlock when used in a multi-threaded server scenario (like ASP.NET). This is a big change from previous releases of SQL CE – which were designed for client-only scenarios and which explicitly blocked running in web-server environments. Starting with SQL CE 4 you can use it in a web-server as well. There are no license restrictions with SQL CE. It is also totally free. Easy Migration to SQL Server SQL CE is an embedded database – which makes it ideal for development, testing, and light-usage scenarios. For high-volume sites and applications you’ll probably want to migrate your database to use SQL Server Express (which is free), SQL Server or SQL Azure. These servers enable much better scalability, more development features (including features like Stored Procedures – which aren’t supported with SQL CE), as well as more advanced data management capabilities. We’ll ship migration tools that enable you to optionally take SQL CE databases and easily upgrade them to use SQL Server Express, SQL Server, or SQL Azure. You will not need to change your code when upgrading a SQL CE database to SQL Server or SQL Azure. Our goal is to enable you to be able to simply change the database connection string in your web.config file and have your application just work. New Tooling Support for SQL CE in VS 2010 SP1 VS 2010 SP1 includes much improved tooling support for SQL CE, and adds support for using SQL CE within ASP.NET projects for the first time. With VS 2010 SP1 you can now: Create new SQL CE Databases Edit and Modify SQL CE Database Schema and Indexes Populate SQL CE Databases within Data Use the Entity Framework (EF) designer to create model layers against SQL CE databases Use EF Code First to define model layers in code, then create a SQL CE database from them, and optionally edit the DB with VS Deploy SQL CE databases to remote servers using Web Deploy and optionally convert them to full SQL Server databases You can take advantage of all of the above features from within both ASP.NET Web Forms and ASP.NET MVC based projects. Download You can enable SQL CE tooling support within VS 2010 by first installing VS 2010 SP1 (beta). Once SP1 is installed, you’ll also then need to install the SQL CE Tools for Visual Studio download. This is a separate download that enables the SQL CE tooling support for VS 2010 SP1. Walkthrough of Two Scenarios In this blog post I’m going to walkthrough how you can take advantage of SQL CE and VS 2010 SP1 using both an ASP.NET Web Forms and an ASP.NET MVC based application. Specifically, we’ll walkthrough: How to create a SQL CE database using VS 2010 SP1, then use the EF4 visual designers in Visual Studio to construct a model layer from it, and then display and edit the data using an ASP.NET GridView control. How to use an EF Code First approach to define a model layer using POCO classes and then have EF Code-First “auto-create” a SQL CE database for us based on our model classes. We’ll then look at how we can use the new VS 2010 SP1 support for SQL CE to inspect the database that was created, populate it with data, and later make schema changes to it. We’ll do all this within the context of an ASP.NET MVC based application. You can follow the two walkthroughs below on your own machine by installing VS 2010 SP1 (beta) and then installing the SQL CE Tools for Visual Studio download (which is a separate download that enables SQL CE tooling support for VS 2010 SP1). Walkthrough 1: Create a SQL CE Database, Create EF Model Classes, Edit the Data with a GridView This first walkthrough will demonstrate how to create and define a SQL CE database within an ASP.NET Web Form application. We’ll then build an EF model layer for it and use that model layer to enable data editing scenarios with an <asp:GridView> control. Step 1: Create a new ASP.NET Web Forms Project We’ll begin by using the File->New Project menu command within Visual Studio to create a new ASP.NET Web Forms project. We’ll use the “ASP.NET Web Application” project template option so that it has a default UI skin implemented: Step 2: Create a SQL CE Database Right click on the “App_Data” folder within the created project and choose the “Add->New Item” menu command: This will bring up the “Add Item” dialog box. Select the “SQL Server Compact 4.0 Local Database” item (new in VS 2010 SP1) and name the database file to create “Store.sdf”: Note that SQL CE database files have a .sdf filename extension. Place them within the /App_Data folder of your ASP.NET application to enable easy deployment. When we clicked the “Add” button above a Store.sdf file was added to our project: Step 3: Adding a “Products” Table Double-clicking the “Store.sdf” database file will open it up within the Server Explorer tab. Since it is a new database there are no tables within it: Right click on the “Tables” icon and choose the “Create Table” menu command to create a new database table. We’ll name the new table “Products” and add 4 columns to it. We’ll mark the first column as a primary key (and make it an identify column so that its value will automatically increment with each new row): When we click “ok” our new Products table will be created in the SQL CE database. Step 4: Populate with Data Once our Products table is created it will show up within the Server Explorer. We can right-click it and choose the “Show Table Data” menu command to edit its data: Let’s add a few sample rows of data to it: Step 5: Create an EF Model Layer We have a SQL CE database with some data in it – let’s now create an EF Model Layer that will provide a way for us to easily query and update data within it. Let’s right-click on our project and choose the “Add->New Item” menu command. This will bring up the “Add New Item” dialog – select the “ADO.NET Entity Data Model” item within it and name it “Store.edmx” This will add a new Store.edmx item to our solution explorer and launch a wizard that allows us to quickly create an EF model: Select the “Generate From Database” option above and click next. Choose to use the Store.sdf SQL CE database we just created and then click next again. The wizard will then ask you what database objects you want to import into your model. Let’s choose to import the “Products” table we created earlier: When we click the “Finish” button Visual Studio will open up the EF designer. It will have a Product entity already on it that maps to the “Products” table within our SQL CE database: The VS 2010 SP1 EF designer works exactly the same with SQL CE as it does already with SQL Server and SQL Express. The Product entity above will be persisted as a class (called “Product”) that we can programmatically work against within our ASP.NET application. Step 6: Compile the Project Before using your model layer you’ll need to build your project. Do a Ctrl+Shift+B to compile the project, or use the Build->Build Solution menu command. Step 7: Create a Page that Uses our EF Model Layer Let’s now create a simple ASP.NET Web Form that contains a GridView control that we can use to display and edit the our Products data (via the EF Model Layer we just created). Right-click on the project and choose the Add->New Item command. Select the “Web Form from Master Page” item template, and name the page you create “Products.aspx”. Base the master page on the “Site.Master” template that is in the root of the project. Add an <h2>Products</h2> heading the new Page, and add an <asp:gridview> control within it: Then click the “Design” tab to switch into design-view. Select the GridView control, and then click the top-right corner to display the GridView’s “Smart Tasks” UI: Choose the “New data source…” drop down option above. This will bring up the below dialog which allows you to pick your Data Source type: Select the “Entity” data source option – which will allow us to easily connect our GridView to the EF model layer we created earlier. This will bring up another dialog that allows us to pick our model layer: Select the “StoreEntities” option in the dropdown – which is the EF model layer we created earlier. Then click next – which will allow us to pick which entity within it we want to bind to: Select the “Products” entity in the above dialog – which indicates that we want to bind against the “Product” entity class we defined earlier. Then click the “Enable automatic updates” checkbox to ensure that we can both query and update Products. When you click “Finish” VS will wire-up an <asp:EntityDataSource> to your <asp:GridView> control: The last two steps we’ll do will be to click the “Enable Editing” checkbox on the Grid (which will cause the Grid to display an “Edit” link on each row) and (optionally) use the Auto Format dialog to pick a UI template for the Grid. Step 8: Run the Application Let’s now run our application and browse to the /Products.aspx page that contains our GridView. When we do so we’ll see a Grid UI of the Products within our SQL CE database. Clicking the “Edit” link for any of the rows will allow us to edit their values: When we click “Update” the GridView will post back the values, persist them through our EF Model Layer, and ultimately save them within our SQL CE database. Learn More about using EF with ASP.NET Web Forms Read this tutorial series on the http://asp.net site to learn more about how to use EF with ASP.NET Web Forms. The tutorial series uses SQL Express as the database – but the nice thing is that all of the same steps/concepts can also now also be done with SQL CE. Walkthrough 2: Using EF Code-First with SQL CE and ASP.NET MVC 3 We used a database-first approach with the sample above – where we first created the database, and then used the EF designer to create model classes from the database. In addition to supporting a designer-based development workflow, EF also enables a more code-centric option which we call “code first development”. Code-First Development enables a pretty sweet development workflow. It enables you to: Define your model objects by simply writing “plain old classes” with no base classes or visual designer required Use a “convention over configuration” approach that enables database persistence without explicitly configuring anything Optionally override the convention-based persistence and use a fluent code API to fully customize the persistence mapping Optionally auto-create a database based on the model classes you define – allowing you to start from code first I’ve done several blog posts about EF Code First in the past – I really think it is great. The good news is that it also works very well with SQL CE. The combination of SQL CE, EF Code First, and the new VS tooling support for SQL CE, enables a pretty nice workflow. Below is a simple example of how you can use them to build a simple ASP.NET MVC 3 application. Step 1: Create a new ASP.NET MVC 3 Project We’ll begin by using the File->New Project menu command within Visual Studio to create a new ASP.NET MVC 3 project. We’ll use the “Internet Project” template so that it has a default UI skin implemented: Step 2: Use NuGet to Install EFCodeFirst Next we’ll use the NuGet package manager (automatically installed by ASP.NET MVC 3) to add the EFCodeFirst library to our project. We’ll use the Package Manager command shell to do this. Bring up the package manager console within Visual Studio by selecting the View->Other Windows->Package Manager Console menu command. Then type: install-package EFCodeFirst within the package manager console to download the EFCodeFirst library and have it be added to our project: When we enter the above command, the EFCodeFirst library will be downloaded and added to our application: Step 3: Build Some Model Classes Using a “code first” based development workflow, we will create our model classes first (even before we have a database). We create these model classes by writing code. For this sample, we will right click on the “Models” folder of our project and add the below three classes to our project: The “Dinner” and “RSVP” model classes above are “plain old CLR objects” (aka POCO). They do not need to derive from any base classes or implement any interfaces, and the properties they expose are standard .NET data-types. No data persistence attributes or data code has been added to them. The “NerdDinners” class derives from the DbContext class (which is supplied by EFCodeFirst) and handles the retrieval/persistence of our Dinner and RSVP instances from a database. Step 4: Listing Dinners We’ve written all of the code necessary to implement our model layer for this simple project. Let’s now expose and implement the URL: /Dinners/Upcoming within our project. We’ll use it to list upcoming dinners that happen in the future. We’ll do this by right-clicking on our “Controllers” folder and select the “Add->Controller” menu command. We’ll name the Controller we want to create “DinnersController”. We’ll then implement an “Upcoming” action method within it that lists upcoming dinners using our model layer above. We will use a LINQ query to retrieve the data and pass it to a View to render with the code below: We’ll then right-click within our Upcoming method and choose the “Add-View” menu command to create an “Upcoming” view template that displays our dinners. We’ll use the “empty” template option within the “Add View” dialog and write the below view template using Razor: Step 4: Configure our Project to use a SQL CE Database We have finished writing all of our code – our last step will be to configure a database connection-string to use. We will point our NerdDinners model class to a SQL CE database by adding the below <connectionString> to the web.config file at the top of our project: EF Code First uses a default convention where context classes will look for a connection-string that matches the DbContext class name. Because we created a “NerdDinners” class earlier, we’ve also named our connectionstring “NerdDinners”. Above we are configuring our connection-string to use SQL CE as the database, and telling it that our SQL CE database file will live within the \App_Data directory of our ASP.NET project. Step 5: Running our Application Now that we’ve built our application, let’s run it! We’ll browse to the /Dinners/Upcoming URL – doing so will display an empty list of upcoming dinners: You might ask – but where did it query to get the dinners from? We didn’t explicitly create a database?!? One of the cool features that EF Code-First supports is the ability to automatically create a database (based on the schema of our model classes) when the database we point it at doesn’t exist. Above we configured EF Code-First to point at a SQL CE database in the \App_Data\ directory of our project. When we ran our application, EF Code-First saw that the SQL CE database didn’t exist and automatically created it for us. Step 6: Using VS 2010 SP1 to Explore our newly created SQL CE Database Click the “Show all Files” icon within the Solution Explorer and you’ll see the “NerdDinners.sdf” SQL CE database file that was automatically created for us by EF code-first within the \App_Data\ folder: We can optionally right-click on the file and “Include in Project" to add it to our solution: We can also double-click the file (regardless of whether it is added to the project) and VS 2010 SP1 will open it as a database we can edit within the “Server Explorer” tab of the IDE. Below is the view we get when we double-click our NerdDinners.sdf SQL CE file. We can drill in to see the schema of the Dinners and RSVPs tables in the tree explorer. Notice how two tables - Dinners and RSVPs – were automatically created for us within our SQL CE database. This was done by EF Code First when we accessed the NerdDinners class by running our application above: We can right-click on a Table and use the “Show Table Data” command to enter some upcoming dinners in our database: We’ll use the built-in editor that VS 2010 SP1 supports to populate our table data below: And now when we hit “refresh” on the /Dinners/Upcoming URL within our browser we’ll see some upcoming dinners show up: Step 7: Changing our Model and Database Schema Let’s now modify the schema of our model layer and database, and walkthrough one way that the new VS 2010 SP1 Tooling support for SQL CE can make this easier. With EF Code-First you typically start making database changes by modifying the model classes. For example, let’s add an additional string property called “UrlLink” to our “Dinner” class. We’ll use this to point to a link for more information about the event: Now when we re-run our project, and visit the /Dinners/Upcoming URL we’ll see an error thrown: We are seeing this error because EF Code-First automatically created our database, and by default when it does this it adds a table that helps tracks whether the schema of our database is in sync with our model classes. EF Code-First helpfully throws an error when they become out of sync – making it easier to track down issues at development time that you might otherwise only find (via obscure errors) at runtime. Note that if you do not want this feature you can turn it off by changing the default conventions of your DbContext class (in this case our NerdDinners class) to not track the schema version. Our model classes and database schema are out of sync in the above example – so how do we fix this? There are two approaches you can use today: Delete the database and have EF Code First automatically re-create the database based on the new model class schema (losing the data within the existing DB) Modify the schema of the existing database to make it in sync with the model classes (keeping/migrating the data within the existing DB) There are a couple of ways you can do the second approach above. Below I’m going to show how you can take advantage of the new VS 2010 SP1 Tooling support for SQL CE to use a database schema tool to modify our database structure. We are also going to be supporting a “migrations” feature with EF in the future that will allow you to automate/script database schema migrations programmatically. Step 8: Modify our SQL CE Database Schema using VS 2010 SP1 The new SQL CE Tooling support within VS 2010 SP1 makes it easy to modify the schema of our existing SQL CE database. To do this we’ll right-click on our “Dinners” table and choose the “Edit Table Schema” command: This will bring up the below “Edit Table” dialog. We can rename, change or delete any of the existing columns in our table, or click at the bottom of the column listing and type to add a new column. Below I’ve added a new “UrlLink” column of type “nvarchar” (since our property is a string): When we click ok our database will be updated to have the new column and our schema will now match our model classes. Because we are manually modifying our database schema, there is one additional step we need to take to let EF Code-First know that the database schema is in sync with our model classes. As i mentioned earlier, when a database is automatically created by EF Code-First it adds a “EdmMetadata” table to the database to track schema versions (and hash our model classes against them to detect mismatches between our model classes and the database schema): Since we are manually updating and maintaining our database schema, we don’t need this table – and can just delete it: This will leave us with just the two tables that correspond to our model classes: And now when we re-run our /Dinners/Upcoming URL it will display the dinners correctly: One last touch we could do would be to update our view to check for the new UrlLink property and render a <a> link to it if an event has one: And now when we refresh our /Dinners/Upcoming we will see hyperlinks for the events that have a UrlLink stored in the database: Summary SQL CE provides a free, embedded, database engine that you can use to easily enable database storage. With SQL CE 4 you can now take advantage of it within ASP.NET projects and applications (both Web Forms and MVC). VS 2010 SP1 provides tooling support that enables you to easily create, edit and modify SQL CE databases – as well as use the standard EF designer against them. This allows you to re-use your existing skills and data knowledge while taking advantage of an embedded database option. This is useful both for small applications (where you don’t need the scalability of a full SQL Server), as well as for development and testing scenarios – where you want to be able to rapidly develop/test your application without having a full database instance. SQL CE makes it easy to later migrate your data to a full SQL Server or SQL Azure instance if you want to – without having to change any code in your application. All we would need to change in the above two scenarios is the <connectionString> value within the web.config file in order to have our code run against a full SQL Server. This provides the flexibility to scale up your application starting from a small embedded database solution as needed. Hope this helps, Scott P.S. In addition to blogging, I am also now using Twitter for quick updates and to share links. Follow me at: twitter.com/scottgu

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Diving into OpenStack Network Architecture - Part 1

- by Ronen Kofman

v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} .shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);} rkofman Normal rkofman 83 3045 2014-05-23T21:11:00Z 2014-05-27T06:58:00Z 3 1883 10739 Oracle Corporation 89 25 12597 12.00 140 Clean Clean false false false false EN-US X-NONE HE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language:AR-SA;} Before we begin OpenStack networking has very powerful capabilities but at the same time it is quite complicated. In this blog series we will review an existing OpenStack setup using the Oracle OpenStack Tech Preview and explain the different network components through use cases and examples. The goal is to show how the different pieces come together and provide a bigger picture view of the network architecture in OpenStack. This can be very helpful to users making their first steps in OpenStack or anyone wishes to understand how networking works in this environment. We will go through the basics first and build the examples as we go. According to the recent Icehouse user survey and the one before it, Neutron with Open vSwitch plug-in is the most widely used network setup both in production and in POCs (in terms of number of customers) and so in this blog series we will analyze this specific OpenStack networking setup. As we know there are many options to setup OpenStack networking and while Neturon + Open vSwitch is the most popular setup there is no claim that it is either best or the most efficient option. Neutron + Open vSwitch is an example, one which provides a good starting point for anyone interested in understanding OpenStack networking. Even if you are using different kind of network setup such as different Neutron plug-in or even not using Neutron at all this will still be a good starting point to understand the network architecture in OpenStack. The setup we are using for the examples is the one used in the Oracle OpenStack Tech Preview. Installing it is simple and it would be helpful to have it as reference. In this setup we use eth2 on all servers for VM network, all VM traffic will be flowing through this interface.The Oracle OpenStack Tech Preview is using VLANs for L2 isolation to provide tenant and network isolation. The following diagram shows how we have configured our deployment: This first post is a bit long and will focus on some basic concepts in OpenStack networking. The components we will be discussing are Open vSwitch, network namespaces, Linux bridge and veth pairs. Note that this is not meant to be a comprehensive review of these components, it is meant to describe the component as much as needed to understand OpenStack network architecture. All the components described here can be further explored using other resources. Open vSwitch (OVS) In the Oracle OpenStack Tech Preview OVS is used to connect virtual machines to the physical port (in our case eth2) as shown in the deployment diagram. OVS contains bridges and ports, the OVS bridges are different from the Linux bridge (controlled by the brctl command) which are also used in this setup. To get started let’s view the OVS structure, use the following command: # ovs-vsctl show 7ec51567-ab42-49e8-906d-b854309c9edf Bridge br-int Port br-int Interface br-int type: internal Port "int-br-eth2" Interface "int-br-eth2" Bridge "br-eth2" Port "br-eth2" Interface "br-eth2" type: internal Port "eth2" Interface "eth2" Port "phy-br-eth2" Interface "phy-br-eth2" ovs_version: "1.11.0" We see a standard post deployment OVS on a compute node with two bridges and several ports hanging off of each of them. The example above is a compute node without any VMs, we can see that the physical port eth2 is connected to a bridge called “br-eth2”. We also see two ports "int-br-eth2" and "phy-br-eth2" which are actually a veth pair and form virtual wire between the two bridges, veth pairs are discussed later in this post. When a virtual machine is created a port is created on one the br-int bridge and this port is eventually connected to the virtual machine (we will discuss the exact connectivity later in the series). Here is how OVS looks after a VM was launched: # ovs-vsctl show efd98c87-dc62-422d-8f73-a68c2a14e73d Bridge br-int Port "int-br-eth2" Interface "int-br-eth2" Port br-int Interface br-int type: internal Port "qvocb64ea96-9f" tag: 1 Interface "qvocb64ea96-9f" Bridge "br-eth2" Port "phy-br-eth2" Interface "phy-br-eth2" Port "br-eth2" Interface "br-eth2" type: internal Port "eth2" Interface "eth2" ovs_version: "1.11.0" Bridge "br-int" now has a new port "qvocb64ea96-9f" which connects to the VM and tagged with VLAN 1. Every VM which will be launched will add a port on the “br-int” bridge for every network interface the VM has. Another useful command on OVS is dump-flows for example: # ovs-ofctl dump-flows br-int NXST_FLOW reply (xid=0x4): cookie=0x0, duration=735.544s, table=0, n_packets=70, n_bytes=9976, idle_age=17, priority=3,in_port=1,dl_vlan=1000 actions=mod_vlan_vid:1,NORMAL cookie=0x0, duration=76679.786s, table=0, n_packets=0, n_bytes=0, idle_age=65534, hard_age=65534, priority=2,in_port=1 actions=drop cookie=0x0, duration=76681.36s, table=0, n_packets=68, n_bytes=7950, idle_age=17, hard_age=65534, priority=1 actions=NORMAL As we see the port which is connected to the VM has the VLAN tag 1. However the port on the VM network (eth2) will be using tag 1000. OVS is modifying the vlan as the packet flow from the VM to the physical interface. In OpenStack the Open vSwitch agent takes care of programming the flows in Open vSwitch so the users do not have to deal with this at all. If you wish to learn more about how to program the Open vSwitch you can read more about it at http://openvswitch.org looking at the documentation describing the ovs-ofctl command. Network Namespaces (netns) Network namespaces is a very cool Linux feature can be used for many purposes and is heavily used in OpenStack networking. Network namespaces are isolated containers which can hold a network configuration and is not seen from outside of the namespace. A network namespace can be used to encapsulate specific network functionality or provide a network service in isolation as well as simply help to organize a complicated network setup. Using the Oracle OpenStack Tech Preview we are using the latest Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel R3 (UEK3), this kernel provides a complete support for netns. Let's see how namespaces work through couple of examples to control network namespaces we use the ip netns command: Defining a new namespace: # ip netns add my-ns # ip netns list my-ns As mentioned the namespace is an isolated container, we can perform all the normal actions in the namespace context using the exec command for example running the ifconfig command: # ip netns exec my-ns ifconfig -a lo Link encap:Local Loopback LOOPBACK MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b) We can run every command in the namespace context, this is especially useful for debug using tcpdump command, we can ping or ssh or define iptables all within the namespace. Connecting the namespace to the outside world: There are various ways to connect into a namespaces and between namespaces we will focus on how this is done in OpenStack. OpenStack uses a combination of Open vSwitch and network namespaces. OVS defines the interfaces and then we can add those interfaces to namespace. So first let's add a bridge to OVS: # ovs-vsctl add-br my-bridge Now let's add a port on the OVS and make it internal: # ovs-vsctl add-port my-bridge my-port # ovs-vsctl set Interface my-port type=internal And let's connect it into the namespace: # ip link set my-port netns my-ns Looking inside the namespace: # ip netns exec my-ns ifconfig -a lo Link encap:Local Loopback LOOPBACK MTU:65536 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b) my-port Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 22:04:45:E2:85:21 BROADCAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b) Now we can add more ports to the OVS bridge and connect it to other namespaces or other device like physical interfaces. Neutron is using network namespaces to implement network services such as DCHP, routing, gateway, firewall, load balance and more. In the next post we will go into this in further details. Linux Bridge and veth pairs Linux bridge is used to connect the port from OVS to the VM. Every port goes from the OVS bridge to a Linux bridge and from there to the VM. The reason for using regular Linux bridges is for security groups’ enforcement. Security groups are implemented using iptables and iptables can only be applied to Linux bridges and not to OVS bridges. Veth pairs are used extensively throughout the network setup in OpenStack and are also a good tool to debug a network problem. Veth pairs are simply a virtual wire and so veths always come in pairs. Typically one side of the veth pair will connect to a bridge and the other side to another bridge or simply left as a usable interface. In this example we will create some veth pairs, connect them to bridges and test connectivity. This example is using regular Linux server and not an OpenStack node: Creating a veth pair, note that we define names for both ends: # ip link add veth0 type veth peer name veth1 # ifconfig -a . . veth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 5E:2C:E6:03:D0:17 BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b) veth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr E6:B6:E2:6D:42:B8 BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b) . . To make the example more meaningful this we will create the following setup: veth0 => veth1 => br-eth3 => eth3 ======> eth2 on another Linux server br-eth3 – a regular Linux bridge which will be connected to veth1 and eth3 eth3 – a physical interface with no IP on it, connected to a private network eth2 – a physical interface on the remote Linux box connected to the private network and configured with the IP of 50.50.50.1 Once we create the setup we will ping 50.50.50.1 (the remote IP) through veth0 to test that the connection is up: # brctl addbr br-eth3 # brctl addif br-eth3 eth3 # brctl addif br-eth3 veth1 # brctl show bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces br-eth3 8000.00505682e7f6 no eth3 veth1 # ifconfig veth0 50.50.50.50 # ping -I veth0 50.50.50.51 PING 50.50.50.51 (50.50.50.51) from 50.50.50.50 veth0: 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 50.50.50.51: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.454 ms 64 bytes from 50.50.50.51: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.298 ms When the naming is not as obvious as the previous example and we don't know who are the paired veth interfaces we can use the ethtool command to figure this out. The ethtool command returns an index we can look up using ip link command, for example: # ethtool -S veth1 NIC statistics: peer_ifindex: 12 # ip link . . 12: veth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 Summary That’s all for now, we quickly reviewed OVS, network namespaces, Linux bridges and veth pairs. These components are heavily used in the OpenStack network architecture we are exploring and understanding them well will be very useful when reviewing the different use cases. In the next post we will look at how the OpenStack network is laid out connecting the virtual machines to each other and to the external world. @RonenKofman

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Developing web apps using ASP.NET MVC 3, Razor and EF Code First - Part 1

- by shiju

In this post, I will demonstrate web application development using ASP. NET MVC 3, Razor and EF code First. This post will also cover Dependency Injection using Unity 2.0 and generic Repository and Unit of Work for EF Code First. The following frameworks will be used for this step by step tutorial. ASP.NET MVC 3 EF Code First CTP 5 Unity 2.0 Define Domain Model Let’s create domain model for our simple web application Category class public class Category { public int CategoryId { get; set; } [Required(ErrorMessage = "Name Required")] [StringLength(25, ErrorMessage = "Must be less than 25 characters")] public string Name { get; set;} public string Description { get; set; } public virtual ICollection<Expense> Expenses { get; set; } } Expense class public class Expense { public int ExpenseId { get; set; } public string Transaction { get; set; } public DateTime Date { get; set; } public double Amount { get; set; } public int CategoryId { get; set; } public virtual Category Category { get; set; } } We have two domain entities - Category and Expense. A single category contains a list of expense transactions and every expense transaction should have a Category. In this post, we will be focusing on CRUD operations for the entity Category and will be working on the Expense entity with a View Model object in the later post. And the source code for this application will be refactored over time. The above entities are very simple POCO (Plain Old CLR Object) classes and the entity Category is decorated with validation attributes in the System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations namespace. Now we want to use these entities for defining model objects for the Entity Framework 4. Using the Code First approach of Entity Framework, we can first define the entities by simply writing POCO classes without any coupling with any API or database library. This approach lets you focus on domain model which will enable Domain-Driven Development for applications. EF code first support is currently enabled with a separate API that is runs on top of the Entity Framework 4. EF Code First is reached CTP 5 when I am writing this article. Creating Context Class for Entity Framework We have created our domain model and let’s create a class in order to working with Entity Framework Code First. For this, you have to download EF Code First CTP 5 and add reference to the assembly EntitFramework.dll. You can also use NuGet to download add reference to EEF Code First. public class MyFinanceContext : DbContext { public MyFinanceContext() : base("MyFinance") { } public DbSet<Category> Categories { get; set; } public DbSet<Expense> Expenses { get; set; } } The above class MyFinanceContext is derived from DbContext that can connect your model classes to a database. The MyFinanceContext class is mapping our Category and Expense class into database tables Categories and Expenses using DbSet<TEntity> where TEntity is any POCO class. When we are running the application at first time, it will automatically create the database. EF code-first look for a connection string in web.config or app.config that has the same name as the dbcontext class. If it is not find any connection string with the convention, it will automatically create database in local SQL Express database by default and the name of the database will be same name as the dbcontext class. You can also define the name of database in constructor of the the dbcontext class. Unlike NHibernate, we don’t have to use any XML based mapping files or Fluent interface for mapping between our model and database. The model classes of Code First are working on the basis of conventions and we can also use a fluent API to refine our model. The convention for primary key is ‘Id’ or ‘<class name>Id’. If primary key properties are detected with type ‘int’, ‘long’ or ‘short’, they will automatically registered as identity columns in the database by default. Primary key detection is not case sensitive. We can define our model classes with validation attributes in the System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations namespace and it automatically enforces validation rules when a model object is updated or saved. Generic Repository for EF Code First We have created model classes and dbcontext class. Now we have to create generic repository pattern for data persistence with EF code first. If you don’t know about the repository pattern, checkout Martin Fowler’s article on Repository Let’s create a generic repository to working with DbContext and DbSet generics. public interface IRepository<T> where T : class { void Add(T entity); void Delete(T entity); T GetById(long Id); IEnumerable<T> All(); } RepositoryBasse – Generic Repository class public abstract class RepositoryBase<T> where T : class { private MyFinanceContext database; private readonly IDbSet<T> dbset; protected RepositoryBase(IDatabaseFactory databaseFactory) { DatabaseFactory = databaseFactory; dbset = Database.Set<T>(); } protected IDatabaseFactory DatabaseFactory { get; private set; } protected MyFinanceContext Database { get { return database ?? (database = DatabaseFactory.Get()); } } public virtual void Add(T entity) { dbset.Add(entity); } public virtual void Delete(T entity) { dbset.Remove(entity); } public virtual T GetById(long id) { return dbset.Find(id); } public virtual IEnumerable<T> All() { return dbset.ToList(); } } DatabaseFactory class public class DatabaseFactory : Disposable, IDatabaseFactory { private MyFinanceContext database; public MyFinanceContext Get() { return database ?? (database = new MyFinanceContext()); } protected override void DisposeCore() { if (database != null) database.Dispose(); } } Unit of Work If you are new to Unit of Work pattern, checkout Fowler’s article on Unit of Work . According to Martin Fowler, the Unit of Work pattern "maintains a list of objects affected by a business transaction and coordinates the writing out of changes and the resolution of concurrency problems." Let’s create a class for handling Unit of Work public interface IUnitOfWork { void Commit(); } UniOfWork class public class UnitOfWork : IUnitOfWork { private readonly IDatabaseFactory databaseFactory; private MyFinanceContext dataContext; public UnitOfWork(IDatabaseFactory databaseFactory) { this.databaseFactory = databaseFactory; } protected MyFinanceContext DataContext { get { return dataContext ?? (dataContext = databaseFactory.Get()); } } public void Commit() { DataContext.Commit(); } } The Commit method of the UnitOfWork will call the commit method of MyFinanceContext class and it will execute the SaveChanges method of DbContext class. Repository class for Category In this post, we will be focusing on the persistence against Category entity and will working on other entities in later post. Let’s create a repository for handling CRUD operations for Category using derive from a generic Repository RepositoryBase<T>. public class CategoryRepository: RepositoryBase<Category>, ICategoryRepository { public CategoryRepository(IDatabaseFactory databaseFactory) : base(databaseFactory) { } } public interface ICategoryRepository : IRepository<Category> { } If we need additional methods than generic repository for the Category, we can define in the CategoryRepository. Dependency Injection using Unity 2.0 If you are new to Inversion of Control/ Dependency Injection or Unity, please have a look on my articles at http://weblogs.asp.net/shijuvarghese/archive/tags/IoC/default.aspx. I want to create a custom lifetime manager for Unity to store container in the current HttpContext. public class HttpContextLifetimeManager<T> : LifetimeManager, IDisposable { public override object GetValue() { return HttpContext.Current.Items[typeof(T).AssemblyQualifiedName]; } public override void RemoveValue() { HttpContext.Current.Items.Remove(typeof(T).AssemblyQualifiedName); } public override void SetValue(object newValue) { HttpContext.Current.Items[typeof(T).AssemblyQualifiedName] = newValue; } public void Dispose() { RemoveValue(); } } Let’s create controller factory for Unity in the ASP.NET MVC 3 application. public class UnityControllerFactory : DefaultControllerFactory { IUnityContainer container; public UnityControllerFactory(IUnityContainer container) { this.container = container; } protected override IController GetControllerInstance(RequestContext reqContext, Type controllerType) { IController controller; if (controllerType == null) throw new HttpException( 404, String.Format( "The controller for path '{0}' could not be found" + "or it does not implement IController.", reqContext.HttpContext.Request.Path)); if (!typeof(IController).IsAssignableFrom(controllerType)) throw new ArgumentException( string.Format( "Type requested is not a controller: {0}", controllerType.Name), "controllerType"); try { controller= container.Resolve(controllerType) as IController; } catch (Exception ex) { throw new InvalidOperationException(String.Format( "Error resolving controller {0}", controllerType.Name), ex); } return controller; } } Configure contract and concrete types in Unity Let’s configure our contract and concrete types in Unity for resolving our dependencies. private void ConfigureUnity() { //Create UnityContainer IUnityContainer container = new UnityContainer() .RegisterType<IDatabaseFactory, DatabaseFactory>(new HttpContextLifetimeManager<IDatabaseFactory>()) .RegisterType<IUnitOfWork, UnitOfWork>(new HttpContextLifetimeManager<IUnitOfWork>()) .RegisterType<ICategoryRepository, CategoryRepository>(new HttpContextLifetimeManager<ICategoryRepository>()); //Set container for Controller Factory ControllerBuilder.Current.SetControllerFactory( new UnityControllerFactory(container)); } In the above ConfigureUnity method, we are registering our types onto Unity container with custom lifetime manager HttpContextLifetimeManager. Let’s call ConfigureUnity method in the Global.asax.cs for set controller factory for Unity and configuring the types with Unity. protected void Application_Start() { AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas(); RegisterGlobalFilters(GlobalFilters.Filters); RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes); ConfigureUnity(); } Developing web application using ASP.NET MVC 3 We have created our domain model for our web application and also have created repositories and configured dependencies with Unity container. Now we have to create controller classes and views for doing CRUD operations against the Category entity. Let’s create controller class for Category Category Controller public class CategoryController : Controller { private readonly ICategoryRepository categoryRepository; private readonly IUnitOfWork unitOfWork; public CategoryController(ICategoryRepository categoryRepository, IUnitOfWork unitOfWork) { this.categoryRepository = categoryRepository; this.unitOfWork = unitOfWork; } public ActionResult Index() { var categories = categoryRepository.All(); return View(categories); } [HttpGet] public ActionResult Edit(int id) { var category = categoryRepository.GetById(id); return View(category); } [HttpPost] public ActionResult Edit(int id, FormCollection collection) { var category = categoryRepository.GetById(id); if (TryUpdateModel(category)) { unitOfWork.Commit(); return RedirectToAction("Index"); } else return View(category); } [HttpGet] public ActionResult Create() { var category = new Category(); return View(category); } [HttpPost] public ActionResult Create(Category category) { if (!ModelState.IsValid) { return View("Create", category); } categoryRepository.Add(category); unitOfWork.Commit(); return RedirectToAction("Index"); } [HttpPost] public ActionResult Delete(int id) { var category = categoryRepository.GetById(id); categoryRepository.Delete(category); unitOfWork.Commit(); var categories = categoryRepository.All(); return PartialView("CategoryList", categories); } } Creating Views in Razor Now we are going to create views in Razor for our ASP.NET MVC 3 application. Let’s create a partial view CategoryList.cshtml for listing category information and providing link for Edit and Delete operations. CategoryList.cshtml @using MyFinance.Helpers; @using MyFinance.Domain; @model IEnumerable<Category> <table> <tr> <th>Actions</th> <th>Name</th> <th>Description</th> </tr> @foreach (var item in Model) { <tr> <td> @Html.ActionLink("Edit", "Edit",new { id = item.CategoryId }) @Ajax.ActionLink("Delete", "Delete", new { id = item.CategoryId }, new AjaxOptions { Confirm = "Delete Expense?", HttpMethod = "Post", UpdateTargetId = "divCategoryList" }) </td> <td> @item.Name </td> <td> @item.Description </td> </tr> } </table> <p> @Html.ActionLink("Create New", "Create") </p> The delete link is providing Ajax functionality using the Ajax.ActionLink. This will call an Ajax request for Delete action method in the CategoryCotroller class. In the Delete action method, it will return Partial View CategoryList after deleting the record. We are using CategoryList view for the Ajax functionality and also for Index view using for displaying list of category information. Let’s create Index view using partial view CategoryList Index.chtml @model IEnumerable<MyFinance.Domain.Category> @{ ViewBag.Title = "Index"; } <h2>Category List</h2> <script src="@Url.Content("~/Scripts/jquery.unobtrusive-ajax.min.js")" type="text/javascript"></script> <div id="divCategoryList"> @Html.Partial("CategoryList", Model) </div> We can call the partial views using Html.Partial helper method. Now we are going to create View pages for insert and update functionality for the Category. Both view pages are sharing common user interface for entering the category information. So I want to create an EditorTemplate for the Category information. We have to create the EditorTemplate with the same name of entity object so that we can refer it on view pages using @Html.EditorFor(model => model) . So let’s create template with name Category. Let’s create view page for insert Category information @model MyFinance.Domain.Category @{ ViewBag.Title = "Save"; } <h2>Create</h2> <script src="@Url.Content("~/Scripts/jquery.validate.min.js")" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="@Url.Content("~/Scripts/jquery.validate.unobtrusive.min.js")" type="text/javascript"></script> @using (Html.BeginForm()) { @Html.ValidationSummary(true) <fieldset> <legend>Category</legend> @Html.EditorFor(model => model) <p> <input type="submit" value="Create" /> </p> </fieldset> } <div> @Html.ActionLink("Back to List", "Index") </div> ViewStart file In Razor views, we can add a file named _viewstart.cshtml in the views directory and this will be shared among the all views with in the Views directory. The below code in the _viewstart.cshtml, sets the Layout page for every Views in the Views folder. @{ Layout = "~/Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml"; } Source Code You can download the source code from http://efmvc.codeplex.com/ . The source will be refactored on over time. Summary In this post, we have created a simple web application using ASP.NET MVC 3 and EF Code First. We have discussed on technologies and practices such as ASP.NET MVC 3, Razor, EF Code First, Unity 2, generic Repository and Unit of Work. In my later posts, I will modify the application and will be discussed on more things. Stay tuned to my blog for more posts on step by step application building.

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ANTS CLR and Memory Profiler In Depth Review (Part 1 of 2 – CLR Profiler)

- by ToStringTheory

One of the things that people might not know about me, is my obsession to make my code as efficient as possible. Many people might not realize how much of a task or undertaking that this might be, but it is surely a task as monumental as climbing Mount Everest, except this time it is a challenge for the mind… In trying to make code efficient, there are many different factors that play a part – size of project or solution, tiers, language used, experience and training of the programmer, technologies used, maintainability of the code – the list can go on for quite some time. I spend quite a bit of time when developing trying to determine what is the best way to implement a feature to accomplish the efficiency that I look to achieve. One program that I have recently come to learn about – Red Gate ANTS Performance (CLR) and Memory profiler gives me tools to accomplish that job more efficiently as well. In this review, I am going to cover some of the features of the ANTS profiler set by compiling some hideous example code to test against. Notice As a member of the Geeks With Blogs Influencers program, one of the perks is the ability to review products, in exchange for a free license to the program. I have not let this affect my opinions of the product in any way, and Red Gate nor Geeks With Blogs has tried to influence my opinion regarding this product in any way. Introduction The ANTS Profiler pack provided by Red Gate was something that I had not heard of before receiving an email regarding an offer to review it for a license. Since I look to make my code efficient, it was a no brainer for me to try it out! One thing that I have to say took me by surprise is that upon downloading the program and installing it you fill out a form for your usual contact information. Sure enough within 2 hours, I received an email from a sales representative at Red Gate asking if she could help me to achieve the most out of my trial time so it wouldn’t go to waste. After replying to her and explaining that I was looking to review its feature set, she put me in contact with someone that setup a demo session to give me a quick rundown of its features via an online meeting. After having dealt with a massive ordeal with one of my utility companies and their complete lack of customer service, Red Gates friendly and helpful representatives were a breath of fresh air, and something I was thankful for. ANTS CLR Profiler The ANTS CLR profiler is the thing I want to focus on the most in this post, so I am going to dive right in now. Install was simple and took no time at all. It installed both the profiler for the CLR and Memory, but also visual studio extensions to facilitate the usage of the profilers (click any images for full size images): The Visual Studio menu options (under ANTS menu) Starting the CLR Performance Profiler from the start menu yields this window If you follow the instructions after launching the program from the start menu (Click File > New Profiling Session to start a new project), you are given a dialog with plenty of options for profiling: The New Session dialog. Lots of options. One thing I noticed is that the buttons in the lower right were half-covered by the panel of the application. If I had to guess, I would imagine that this is caused by my DPI settings being set to 125%. This is a problem I have seen in other applications as well that don’t scale well to different dpi scales. The profiler options give you the ability to profile: .NET Executable ASP.NET web application (hosted in IIS) ASP.NET web application (hosted in IIS express) ASP.NET web application (hosted in Cassini Web Development Server) SharePoint web application (hosted in IIS) Silverlight 4+ application Windows Service COM+ server XBAP (local XAML browser application) Attach to an already running .NET 4 process Choosing each option provides a varying set of other variables/options that one can set including options such as application arguments, operating path, record I/O performance performance counters to record (43 counters in all!), etc… All in all, they give you the ability to profile many different .Net project types, and make it simple to do so. In most cases of my using this application, I would be using the built in Visual Studio extensions, as they automatically start a new profiling project in ANTS with the options setup, and start your program, however RedGate has made it easy enough to profile outside of Visual Studio as well. On the flip side of this, as someone who lives most of their work life in Visual Studio, one thing I do wish is that instead of opening an entirely separate application/gui to perform profiling after launching, that instead they would provide a Visual Studio panel with the information, and integrate more of the profiling project information into Visual Studio. So, now that we have an idea of what options that the profiler gives us, its time to test its abilities and features. Horrendous Example Code – Prime Number Generator One of my interests besides development, is Physics and Math – what I went to college for. I have especially always been interested in prime numbers, as they are something of a mystery… So, I decided that I would go ahead and to test the abilities of the profiler, I would write a small program, website, and library to generate prime numbers in the quantity that you ask for. I am going to start off with some terrible code, and show how I would see the profiler being used as a development tool. First off, the IPrimes interface (all code is downloadable at the end of the post): interface IPrimes { IEnumerable<int> GetPrimes(int retrieve); } Simple enough, right? Anything that implements the interface will (hopefully) provide an IEnumerable of int, with the quantity specified in the parameter argument. Next, I am going to implement this interface in the most basic way: public class DumbPrimes : IPrimes { public IEnumerable<int> GetPrimes(int retrieve) { //store a list of primes already found var _foundPrimes = new List<int>() { 2, 3 }; //if i ask for 1 or two primes, return what asked for if (retrieve <= _foundPrimes.Count()) return _foundPrimes.Take(retrieve); //the next number to look at int _analyzing = 4; //since I already determined I don't have enough //execute at least once, and until quantity is sufficed do { //assume prime until otherwise determined bool isPrime = true; //start dividing at 2 //divide until number is reached, or determined not prime for (int i = 2; i < _analyzing && isPrime; i++) { //if (i) goes into _analyzing without a remainder, //_analyzing is NOT prime if (_analyzing % i == 0) isPrime = false; } //if it is prime, add to found list if (isPrime) _foundPrimes.Add(_analyzing); //increment number to analyze next _analyzing++; } while (_foundPrimes.Count() < retrieve); return _foundPrimes; } } This is the simplest way to get primes in my opinion. Checking each number by the straight definition of a prime – is it divisible by anything besides 1 and itself. I have included this code in a base class library for my solution, as I am going to use it to demonstrate a couple of features of ANTS. This class library is consumed by a simple non-MVVM WPF application, and a simple MVC4 website. I will not post the WPF code here inline, as it is simply an ObservableCollection<int>, a label, two textbox’s, and a button. Starting a new Profiling Session So, in Visual Studio, I have just completed my first stint developing the GUI and DumbPrimes IPrimes class, so now I want to check my codes efficiency by profiling it. All I have to do is build the solution (surprised initiating a profiling session doesn’t do this, but I suppose I can understand it), and then click the ANTS menu, followed by Profile Performance. I am then greeted by the profiler starting up and already monitoring my program live: You are provided with a realtime graph at the top, and a pane at the bottom giving you information on how to proceed. I am going to start by asking my program to show me the first 15000 primes: After the program finally began responding again (I did all the work on the main UI thread – how bad!), I stopped the profiler, which did kill the process of my program too. One important thing to note, is that the profiler by default wants to give you a lot of detail about the operation – line hit counts, time per line, percent time per line, etc… The important thing to remember is that this itself takes a lot of time. When running my program without the profiler attached, it can generate the 15000 primes in 5.18 seconds, compared to 74.5 seconds – almost a 1500 percent increase. While this may seem like a lot, remember that there is a trade off. It may be WAY more inefficient, however, I am able to drill down and make improvements to specific problem areas, and then decrease execution time all around. Analyzing the Profiling Session After clicking ‘Stop Profiling’, the process running my application stopped, and the entire execution time was automatically selected by ANTS, and the results shown below: Now there are a number of interesting things going on here, I am going to cover each in a section of its own: Real Time Performance Counter Bar (top of screen) At the top of the screen, is the real time performance bar. As your application is running, this will constantly update with the currently selected performance counters status. A couple of cool things to note are the fact that you can drag a selection around specific time periods to drill down the detail views in the lower 2 panels to information pertaining to only that period. After selecting a time period, you can bookmark a section and name it, so that it is easy to find later, or after reloaded at a later time. You can also zoom in, out, or fit the graph to the space provided – useful for drilling down. It may be hard to see, but at the top of the processor time graph below the time ticks, but above the red usage graph, there is a green bar. This bar shows at what times a method that is selected in the ‘Call tree’ panel is called. Very cool to be able to click on a method and see at what times it made an impact. As I said before, ANTS provides 43 different performance counters you can hook into. Click the arrow next to the Performance tab at the top will allow you to change between different counters if you have them selected: Method Call Tree, ADO.Net Database Calls, File IO – Detail Panel Red Gate really hit the mark here I think. When you select a section of the run with the graph, the call tree populates to fill a hierarchical tree of method calls, with information regarding each of the methods. By default, methods are hidden where the source is not provided (framework type code), however, Red Gate has integrated Reflector into ANTS, so even if you don’t have source for something, you can select a method and get the source if you want. Methods are also hidden where the impact is seen as insignificant – methods that are only executed for 1% of the time of the overall calling methods time; in other words, working on making them better is not where your efforts should be focused. – Smart! Source Panel – Detail Panel The source panel is where you can see line level information on your code, showing the code for the currently selected method from the Method Call Tree. If the code is not available, Reflector takes care of it and shows the code anyways! As you can notice, there does seem to be a problem with how ANTS determines what line is the actual line that a call is completed on. I have suspicions that this may be due to some of the inline code optimizations that the CLR applies upon compilation of the assembly. In a method with comments, the problem is much more severe: As you can see here, apparently the most offending code in my base library was a comment – *gasp*! Removing the comments does help quite a bit, however I hope that Red Gate works on their counter algorithm soon to improve the logic on positioning for statistics: I did a small test just to demonstrate the lines are correct without comments. For me, it isn’t a deal breaker, as I can usually determine the correct placements by looking at the application code in the region and determining what makes sense, but it is something that would probably build up some irritation with time. Feature – Suggest Method for Optimization A neat feature to really help those in need of a pointer, is the menu option under tools to automatically suggest methods to optimize/improve: Nice feature – clicking it filters the call tree and stars methods that it thinks are good candidates for optimization. I do wish that they would have made it more visible for those of use who aren’t great on sight: Process Integration I do think that this could have a place in my process. After experimenting with the profiler, I do think it would be a great benefit to do some development, testing, and then after all the bugs are worked out, use the profiler to check on things to make sure nothing seems like it is hogging more than its fair share. For example, with this program, I would have developed it, ran it, tested it – it works, but slowly. After looking at the profiler, and seeing the massive amount of time spent in 1 method, I might go ahead and try to re-implement IPrimes (I actually would probably rewrite the offending code, but so that I can distribute both sets of code easily, I’m just going to make another implementation of IPrimes). Using two pieces of knowledge about prime numbers can make this method MUCH more efficient – prime numbers fall into two buckets 6k+/-1 , and a number is prime if it is not divisible by any other primes before it: public class SmartPrimes : IPrimes { public IEnumerable<int> GetPrimes(int retrieve) { //store a list of primes already found var _foundPrimes = new List<int>() { 2, 3 }; //if i ask for 1 or two primes, return what asked for if (retrieve <= _foundPrimes.Count()) return _foundPrimes.Take(retrieve); //the next number to look at int _k = 1; //since I already determined I don't have enough //execute at least once, and until quantity is sufficed do { //assume prime until otherwise determined bool isPrime = true; int potentialPrime; //analyze 6k-1 //assign the value to potential potentialPrime = 6 * _k - 1; //if there are any primes that divise this, it is NOT a prime number //using PLINQ for quick boost isPrime = !_foundPrimes.AsParallel() .Any(prime => potentialPrime % prime == 0); //if it is prime, add to found list if (isPrime) _foundPrimes.Add(potentialPrime); if (_foundPrimes.Count() == retrieve) break; //analyze 6k+1 //assign the value to potential potentialPrime = 6 * _k + 1; //if there are any primes that divise this, it is NOT a prime number //using PLINQ for quick boost isPrime = !_foundPrimes.AsParallel() .Any(prime => potentialPrime % prime == 0); //if it is prime, add to found list if (isPrime) _foundPrimes.Add(potentialPrime); //increment k to analyze next _k++; } while (_foundPrimes.Count() < retrieve); return _foundPrimes; } } Now there are definitely more things I can do to help make this more efficient, but for the scope of this example, I think this is fine (but still hideous)! Profiling this now yields a happy surprise 27 seconds to generate the 15000 primes with the profiler attached, and only 1.43 seconds without. One important thing I wanted to call out though was the performance graph now: Notice anything odd? The %Processor time is above 100%. This is because there is now more than 1 core in the operation. A better label for the chart in my mind would have been %Core time, but to each their own. Another odd thing I noticed was that the profiler seemed to be spot on this time in my DumbPrimes class with line details in source, even with comments.. Odd. Profiling Web Applications The last thing that I wanted to cover, that means a lot to me as a web developer, is the great amount of work that Red Gate put into the profiler when profiling web applications. In my solution, I have a simple MVC4 application setup with 1 page, a single input form, that will output prime values as my WPF app did. Launching the profiler from Visual Studio as before, nothing is really different in the profiler window, however I did receive a UAC prompt for a Red Gate helper app to integrate with the web server without notification. After requesting 500, 1000, 2000, and 5000 primes, and looking at the profiler session, things are slightly different from before: As you can see, there are 4 spikes of activity in the processor time graph, but there is also something new in the call tree: That’s right – ANTS will actually group method calls by get/post operations, so it is easier to find out what action/page is giving the largest problems… Pretty cool in my mind! Overview Overall, I think that Red Gate ANTS CLR Profiler has a lot to offer, however I think it also has a long ways to go. 3 Biggest Pros: Ability to easily drill down from time graph, to method calls, to source code Wide variety of counters to choose from when profiling your application Excellent integration/grouping of methods being called from web applications by request – BRILLIANT! 3 Biggest Cons: Issue regarding line details in source view Nit pick – Processor time vs. Core time Nit pick – Lack of full integration with Visual Studio Ratings Ease of Use (7/10) – I marked down here because of the problems with the line level details and the extra work that that entails, and the lack of better integration with Visual Studio. Effectiveness (10/10) – I believe that the profiler does EXACTLY what it purports to do. Especially with its large variety of performance counters, a definite plus! Features (9/10) – Besides the real time performance monitoring, and the drill downs that I’ve shown here, ANTS also has great integration with ADO.Net, with the ability to show database queries run by your application in the profiler. This, with the line level details, the web request grouping, reflector integration, and various options to customize your profiling session I think create a great set of features! Customer Service (10/10) – My entire experience with Red Gate personnel has been nothing but good. their people are friendly, helpful, and happy! UI / UX (8/10) – The interface is very easy to get around, and all of the options are easy to find. With a little bit of poking around, you’ll be optimizing Hello World in no time flat! Overall (8/10) – Overall, I am happy with the Performance Profiler and its features, as well as with the service I received when working with the Red Gate personnel. I WOULD recommend you trying the application and seeing if it would fit into your process, BUT, remember there are still some kinks in it to hopefully be worked out. My next post will definitely be shorter (hopefully), but thank you for reading up to here, or skipping ahead! Please, if you do try the product, drop me a message and let me know what you think! I would love to hear any opinions you may have on the product. Code Feel free to download the code I used above – download via DropBox

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Plan Caching and Query Memory Part I – When not to use stored procedure or other plan caching mechanisms like sp_executesql or prepared statement

- by sqlworkshops

The most common performance mistake SQL Server developers make: SQL Server estimates memory requirement for queries at compilation time. This mechanism is fine for dynamic queries that need memory, but not for queries that cache the plan. With dynamic queries the plan is not reused for different set of parameters values / predicates and hence different amount of memory can be estimated based on different set of parameter values / predicates. Common memory allocating queries are that perform Sort and do Hash Match operations like Hash Join or Hash Aggregation or Hash Union. This article covers Sort with examples. It is recommended to read Plan Caching and Query Memory Part II after this article which covers Hash Match operations. When the plan is cached by using stored procedure or other plan caching mechanisms like sp_executesql or prepared statement, SQL Server estimates memory requirement based on first set of execution parameters. Later when the same stored procedure is called with different set of parameter values, the same amount of memory is used to execute the stored procedure. This might lead to underestimation / overestimation of memory on plan reuse, overestimation of memory might not be a noticeable issue for Sort operations, but underestimation of memory will lead to spill over tempdb resulting in poor performance. This article covers underestimation / overestimation of memory for Sort. Plan Caching and Query Memory Part II covers underestimation / overestimation for Hash Match operation. It is important to note that underestimation of memory for Sort and Hash Match operations lead to spill over tempdb and hence negatively impact performance. Overestimation of memory affects the memory needs of other concurrently executing queries. In addition, it is important to note, with Hash Match operations, overestimation of memory can actually lead to poor performance. To read additional articles I wrote click here. In most cases it is cheaper to pay for the compilation cost of dynamic queries than huge cost for spill over tempdb, unless memory requirement for a stored procedure does not change significantly based on predicates. The best way to learn is to practice. To create the below tables and reproduce the behavior, join the mailing list by using this link: www.sqlworkshops.com/ml and I will send you the table creation script. Most of these concepts are also covered in our webcasts: www.sqlworkshops.com/webcasts Enough theory, let’s see an example where we sort initially 1 month of data and then use the stored procedure to sort 6 months of data. Let’s create a stored procedure that sorts customers by name within certain date range. --Example provided by www.sqlworkshops.com create proc CustomersByCreationDate @CreationDateFrom datetime, @CreationDateTo datetime as begin declare @CustomerID int, @CustomerName varchar(48), @CreationDate datetime select @CustomerName = c.CustomerName, @CreationDate = c.CreationDate from Customers c where c.CreationDate between @CreationDateFrom and @CreationDateTo order by c.CustomerName option (maxdop 1) end go Let’s execute the stored procedure initially with 1 month date range. set statistics time on go --Example provided by www.sqlworkshops.com exec CustomersByCreationDate '2001-01-01', '2001-01-31' go The stored procedure took 48 ms to complete. The stored procedure was granted 6656 KB based on 43199.9 rows being estimated. The estimated number of rows, 43199.9 is similar to actual number of rows 43200 and hence the memory estimation should be ok. There was no Sort Warnings in SQL Profiler. Now let’s execute the stored procedure with 6 month date range. --Example provided by www.sqlworkshops.com exec CustomersByCreationDate '2001-01-01', '2001-06-30' go The stored procedure took 679 ms to complete. The stored procedure was granted 6656 KB based on 43199.9 rows being estimated. The estimated number of rows, 43199.9 is way different from the actual number of rows 259200 because the estimation is based on the first set of parameter value supplied to the stored procedure which is 1 month in our case. This underestimation will lead to sort spill over tempdb, resulting in poor performance. There was Sort Warnings in SQL Profiler. To monitor the amount of data written and read from tempdb, one can execute select num_of_bytes_written, num_of_bytes_read from sys.dm_io_virtual_file_stats(2, NULL) before and after the stored procedure execution, for additional information refer to the webcast: www.sqlworkshops.com/webcasts. Let’s recompile the stored procedure and then let’s first execute the stored procedure with 6 month date range. In a production instance it is not advisable to use sp_recompile instead one should use DBCC FREEPROCCACHE (plan_handle). This is due to locking issues involved with sp_recompile, refer to our webcasts for further details. exec sp_recompile CustomersByCreationDate go --Example provided by www.sqlworkshops.com exec CustomersByCreationDate '2001-01-01', '2001-06-30' go Now the stored procedure took only 294 ms instead of 679 ms. The stored procedure was granted 26832 KB of memory. The estimated number of rows, 259200 is similar to actual number of rows of 259200. Better performance of this stored procedure is due to better estimation of memory and avoiding sort spill over tempdb. There was no Sort Warnings in SQL Profiler. Now let’s execute the stored procedure with 1 month date range. --Example provided by www.sqlworkshops.com exec CustomersByCreationDate '2001-01-01', '2001-01-31' go The stored procedure took 49 ms to complete, similar to our very first stored procedure execution. This stored procedure was granted more memory (26832 KB) than necessary memory (6656 KB) based on 6 months of data estimation (259200 rows) instead of 1 month of data estimation (43199.9 rows). This is because the estimation is based on the first set of parameter value supplied to the stored procedure which is 6 months in this case. This overestimation did not affect performance, but it might affect performance of other concurrent queries requiring memory and hence overestimation is not recommended. This overestimation might affect performance Hash Match operations, refer to article Plan Caching and Query Memory Part II for further details. Let’s recompile the stored procedure and then let’s first execute the stored procedure with 2 day date range. exec sp_recompile CustomersByCreationDate go --Example provided by www.sqlworkshops.com exec CustomersByCreationDate '2001-01-01', '2001-01-02' go The stored procedure took 1 ms. The stored procedure was granted 1024 KB based on 1440 rows being estimated. There was no Sort Warnings in SQL Profiler. Now let’s execute the stored procedure with 6 month date range. --Example provided by www.sqlworkshops.com exec CustomersByCreationDate '2001-01-01', '2001-06-30' go The stored procedure took 955 ms to complete, way higher than 679 ms or 294ms we noticed before. The stored procedure was granted 1024 KB based on 1440 rows being estimated. But we noticed in the past this stored procedure with 6 month date range needed 26832 KB of memory to execute optimally without spill over tempdb. This is clear underestimation of memory and the reason for the very poor performance. There was Sort Warnings in SQL Profiler. Unlike before this was a Multiple pass sort instead of Single pass sort. This occurs when granted memory is too low. Intermediate Summary: This issue can be avoided by not caching the plan for memory allocating queries. Other possibility is to use recompile hint or optimize for hint to allocate memory for predefined date range. Let’s recreate the stored procedure with recompile hint. --Example provided by www.sqlworkshops.com drop proc CustomersByCreationDate go create proc CustomersByCreationDate @CreationDateFrom datetime, @CreationDateTo datetime as begin declare @CustomerID int, @CustomerName varchar(48), @CreationDate datetime select @CustomerName = c.CustomerName, @CreationDate = c.CreationDate from Customers c where c.CreationDate between @CreationDateFrom and @CreationDateTo order by c.CustomerName option (maxdop 1, recompile) end go Let’s execute the stored procedure initially with 1 month date range and then with 6 month date range. --Example provided by www.sqlworkshops.com exec CustomersByCreationDate '2001-01-01', '2001-01-30' exec CustomersByCreationDate '2001-01-01', '2001-06-30' go The stored procedure took 48ms and 291 ms in line with previous optimal execution times. The stored procedure with 1 month date range has good estimation like before. The stored procedure with 6 month date range also has good estimation and memory grant like before because the query was recompiled with current set of parameter values. The compilation time and compilation CPU of 1 ms is not expensive in this case compared to the performance benefit. Let’s recreate the stored procedure with optimize for hint of 6 month date range. --Example provided by www.sqlworkshops.com drop proc CustomersByCreationDate go create proc CustomersByCreationDate @CreationDateFrom datetime, @CreationDateTo datetime as begin declare @CustomerID int, @CustomerName varchar(48), @CreationDate datetime select @CustomerName = c.CustomerName, @CreationDate = c.CreationDate from Customers c where c.CreationDate between @CreationDateFrom and @CreationDateTo order by c.CustomerName option (maxdop 1, optimize for (@CreationDateFrom = '2001-01-01', @CreationDateTo ='2001-06-30')) end go Let’s execute the stored procedure initially with 1 month date range and then with 6 month date range. --Example provided by www.sqlworkshops.com exec CustomersByCreationDate '2001-01-01', '2001-01-30' exec CustomersByCreationDate '2001-01-01', '2001-06-30' go The stored procedure took 48ms and 291 ms in line with previous optimal execution times. The stored procedure with 1 month date range has overestimation of rows and memory. This is because we provided hint to optimize for 6 months of data. The stored procedure with 6 month date range has good estimation and memory grant because we provided hint to optimize for 6 months of data. Let’s execute the stored procedure with 12 month date range using the currently cashed plan for 6 month date range. --Example provided by www.sqlworkshops.com exec CustomersByCreationDate '2001-01-01', '2001-12-31' go The stored procedure took 1138 ms to complete. 2592000 rows were estimated based on optimize for hint value for 6 month date range. Actual number of rows is 524160 due to 12 month date range. The stored procedure was granted enough memory to sort 6 month date range and not 12 month date range, so there will be spill over tempdb. There was Sort Warnings in SQL Profiler. As we see above, optimize for hint cannot guarantee enough memory and optimal performance compared to recompile hint. This article covers underestimation / overestimation of memory for Sort. Plan Caching and Query Memory Part II covers underestimation / overestimation for Hash Match operation. It is important to note that underestimation of memory for Sort and Hash Match operations lead to spill over tempdb and hence negatively impact performance. Overestimation of memory affects the memory needs of other concurrently executing queries. In addition, it is important to note, with Hash Match operations, overestimation of memory can actually lead to poor performance. Summary: Cached plan might lead to underestimation or overestimation of memory because the memory is estimated based on first set of execution parameters. It is recommended not to cache the plan if the amount of memory required to execute the stored procedure has a wide range of possibilities. One can mitigate this by using recompile hint, but that will lead to compilation overhead. However, in most cases it might be ok to pay for compilation rather than spilling sort over tempdb which could be very expensive compared to compilation cost. The other possibility is to use optimize for hint, but in case one sorts more data than hinted by optimize for hint, this will still lead to spill. On the other side there is also the possibility of overestimation leading to unnecessary memory issues for other concurrently executing queries. In case of Hash Match operations, this overestimation of memory might lead to poor performance. When the values used in optimize for hint are archived from the database, the estimation will be wrong leading to worst performance, so one has to exercise caution before using optimize for hint, recompile hint is better in this case. I explain these concepts with detailed examples in my webcasts (www.sqlworkshops.com/webcasts), I recommend you to watch them. The best way to learn is to practice. To create the above tables and reproduce the behavior, join the mailing list at www.sqlworkshops.com/ml and I will send you the relevant SQL Scripts. Register for the upcoming 3 Day Level 400 Microsoft SQL Server 2008 and SQL Server 2005 Performance Monitoring & Tuning Hands-on Workshop in London, United Kingdom during March 15-17, 2011, click here to register / Microsoft UK TechNet.These are hands-on workshops with a maximum of 12 participants and not lectures. For consulting engagements click here. Disclaimer and copyright information:This article refers to organizations and products that may be the trademarks or registered trademarks of their various owners. Copyright of this article belongs to R Meyyappan / www.sqlworkshops.com. You may freely use the ideas and concepts discussed in this article with acknowledgement (www.sqlworkshops.com), but you may not claim any of it as your own work. This article is for informational purposes only; you use any of the suggestions given here entirely at your own risk. R Meyyappan [email protected] LinkedIn: http://at.linkedin.com/in/rmeyyappan

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What is hogging my connection?

- by SF.

At times it seems like dozens, if not hundreds of root-owned HTTP connections spring up. This is not much of a problem on LAN or WLAN as each of them seems to transfer very little, but if I use GPRS link, my ping times go into minutes (seriously, 80000ms is not infrequent!) and all connections grind to a halt waiting till these end. This usually lasts some 15 minutes and ends about when I start troubleshooting it for real. I've managed to capture a fragment of Nethogs output NetHogs version 0.8.0 PID USER PROGRAM DEV SENT RECEIVED ? root 37.209.147.180:59854-141.101.114.59:80 0.013 0.000 KB/sec ? root 37.209.147.180:59853-141.101.114.59:80 0.000 0.000 KB/sec ? root 37.209.147.180:52804-173.194.70.95:80 0.000 0.000 KB/sec 1954 bw /home/bw/.dropbox-dist/dropbox ppp0 0.000 0.000 KB/sec ? root 37.209.147.180:59851-141.101.114.59:80 0.000 0.000 KB/sec ? root 37.209.147.180:59850-141.101.114.59:80 0.000 0.000 KB/sec ? root 37.209.147.180:52801-173.194.70.95:80 0.000 0.000 KB/sec 13301 bw /usr/lib/firefox/firefox ppp0 0.000 0.000 KB/sec ? root unknown TCP 0.000 0.000 KB/sec Unfortunately, it doesn't display the owning process of these. Does anyone recognize these addresses or is able to suggest how to troubleshoot it further or disable it? Is it some automatic update or something like that? EDIT: per request; netstat -n, for obvious reason that normal netstat won't ever launch as all DNS requests are hogged just the same. netstat -n Active Internet connections (w/o servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 1 93.154.166.62:51314 198.252.206.16:80 FIN_WAIT1 tcp 0 1 37.209.147.180:44098 198.252.206.16:80 FIN_WAIT1 tcp 0 1 37.209.147.180:59855 141.101.114.59:80 FIN_WAIT1 tcp 1 0 192.168.43.224:38237 213.189.45.39:443 CLOSE_WAIT tcp 1 0 93.154.146.186:35167 75.101.152.29:80 CLOSE_WAIT tcp 1 0 192.168.43.224:32939 199.15.160.100:80 CLOSE_WAIT tcp 1 0 192.168.43.224:55619 63.245.217.207:443 CLOSE_WAIT tcp 1 0 93.154.146.186:60210 75.101.152.29:443 CLOSE_WAIT tcp 1 0 192.168.43.224:32944 199.15.160.100:80 CLOSE_WAIT tcp 0 1 37.209.147.180:52804 173.194.70.95:80 FIN_WAIT1 tcp 1 0 93.154.146.186:46606 23.21.151.181:80 CLOSE_WAIT tcp 1 0 93.154.146.186:52619 107.22.246.76:80 CLOSE_WAIT tcp 415 0 93.154.146.186:36156 82.112.106.104:80 CLOSE_WAIT tcp 1 0 93.154.146.186:50352 107.22.246.76:443 CLOSE_WAIT tcp 1 0 192.168.43.224:55000 213.189.45.44:443 CLOSE_WAIT tcp 0 1 37.209.147.180:59853 141.101.114.59:80 FIN_WAIT1 tcp 1 0 192.168.43.224:32937 199.15.160.100:80 CLOSE_WAIT tcp 1 0 192.168.43.224:56055 93.184.221.40:80 CLOSE_WAIT tcp 415 0 93.154.146.186:36155 82.112.106.104:80 CLOSE_WAIT tcp 0 1 37.209.147.180:44097 198.252.206.16:80 FIN_WAIT1 tcp 1 0 93.154.146.186:35166 75.101.152.29:80 CLOSE_WAIT tcp 1 0 192.168.43.224:32943 199.15.160.100:80 CLOSE_WAIT tcp 1 0 93.154.146.186:46607 23.21.151.181:80 CLOSE_WAIT tcp 1 0 93.154.146.186:36422 23.21.151.181:443 CLOSE_WAIT tcp 1 0 192.168.43.224:36081 93.184.220.148:80 CLOSE_WAIT tcp 1 0 192.168.43.224:44462 213.189.45.29:443 CLOSE_WAIT tcp 1 0 192.168.43.224:32938 199.15.160.100:80 CLOSE_WAIT tcp 1 0 93.154.146.186:36419 23.21.151.181:443 CLOSE_WAIT tcp 0 497 93.154.166.62:51313 198.252.206.16:80 FIN_WAIT1 tcp 0 1 37.209.147.180:59851 141.101.114.59:80 FIN_WAIT1 tcp 0 1 37.209.147.180:44095 198.252.206.16:80 FIN_WAIT1 tcp 1 0 93.154.146.186:46611 23.21.151.181:80 CLOSE_WAIT tcp 1 0 192.168.43.224:38236 213.189.45.39:443 CLOSE_WAIT tcp 0 171 37.209.147.180:45341 173.194.113.146:443 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 1 37.209.147.180:52801 173.194.70.95:80 FIN_WAIT1 tcp 1 0 192.168.43.224:36080 93.184.220.148:80 CLOSE_WAIT tcp 0 1 37.209.147.180:59856 141.101.114.59:80 FIN_WAIT1 tcp 0 1 37.209.147.180:44096 198.252.206.16:80 FIN_WAIT1 tcp 0 1 93.154.166.62:57471 108.160.162.49:80 FIN_WAIT1 tcp 0 1 37.209.147.180:59854 141.101.114.59:80 FIN_WAIT1 tcp 0 171 37.209.147.180:45340 173.194.113.146:443 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 168 37.209.147.180:45334 173.194.113.146:443 FIN_WAIT1 tcp 1 0 93.154.146.186:46609 23.21.151.181:80 CLOSE_WAIT tcp 0 1248 93.154.166.62:58270 64.251.23.59:443 FIN_WAIT1 tcp 0 1 37.209.147.180:59850 141.101.114.59:80 FIN_WAIT1 tcp 1 0 93.154.146.186:35181 75.101.152.29:80 CLOSE_WAIT tcp 232 0 93.154.172.168:46384 198.252.206.25:80 ESTABLISHED tcp 1 0 93.154.146.186:52618 107.22.246.76:80 CLOSE_WAIT tcp 1 0 93.154.172.168:36298 173.194.69.95:443 CLOSE_WAIT tcp 1 0 93.154.146.186:60209 75.101.152.29:443 CLOSE_WAIT tcp 0 168 37.209.147.180:45335 173.194.113.146:443 FIN_WAIT1 tcp 415 0 93.154.146.186:36157 82.112.106.104:80 CLOSE_WAIT tcp 1 0 192.168.43.224:36082 93.184.220.148:80 CLOSE_WAIT tcp 1 0 192.168.43.224:32942 199.15.160.100:80 CLOSE_WAIT tcp 1 0 93.154.146.186:50350 107.22.246.76:443 CLOSE_WAIT tcp 1 0 192.168.43.224:32941 199.15.160.100:80 CLOSE_WAIT tcp 0 534 37.209.147.180:44089 198.252.206.16:80 FIN_WAIT1 tcp 1 0 93.154.146.186:46608 23.21.151.181:80 CLOSE_WAIT tcp 1 0 93.154.146.186:46612 23.21.151.181:80 CLOSE_WAIT udp 0 0 37.209.147.180:49057 193.41.112.14:53 ESTABLISHED udp 0 0 37.209.147.180:51631 193.41.112.18:53 ESTABLISHED udp 0 0 37.209.147.180:34827 193.41.112.18:53 ESTABLISHED udp 0 0 37.209.147.180:35908 193.41.112.14:53 ESTABLISHED udp 0 0 37.209.147.180:44106 193.41.112.14:53 ESTABLISHED udp 0 0 37.209.147.180:42184 193.41.112.14:53 ESTABLISHED udp 0 0 37.209.147.180:54485 193.41.112.14:53 ESTABLISHED udp 0 0 37.209.147.180:42216 193.41.112.18:53 ESTABLISHED udp 0 0 37.209.147.180:51961 193.41.112.14:53 ESTABLISHED udp 0 0 37.209.147.180:48412 193.41.112.14:53 ESTABLISHED The interesting lines from ping got lost, but the summary over past few hours is: --- 8.8.8.8 ping statistics --- 107459 packets transmitted, 104376 received, +22 duplicates, 2% packet loss, time 195427362ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 24.822/528.132/90538.257/2519.263 ms, pipe 90 EDIT: Per request: Happened again, reboot didn't help but cleaned up all "hanging" processes. Currently netstat shows: bw@pony:/var/log$ netstat -n -t Active Internet connections (w/o servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 93.154.188.68:42767 74.125.239.143:443 TIME_WAIT tcp 0 0 93.154.188.68:50270 173.194.69.189:443 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 93.154.188.68:45250 190.93.244.58:80 TIME_WAIT tcp 0 0 93.154.188.68:53488 173.194.32.198:80 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 93.154.188.68:53490 173.194.32.198:80 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 159 93.154.188.68:42741 74.125.239.143:443 LAST_ACK tcp 0 0 93.154.188.68:45808 198.252.206.25:80 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 93.154.188.68:52449 173.194.32.199:443 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 93.154.188.68:52600 173.194.32.199:443 TIME_WAIT tcp 0 0 93.154.188.68:50300 173.194.69.189:443 TIME_WAIT tcp 0 0 93.154.188.68:45253 190.93.244.58:80 TIME_WAIT tcp 0 0 93.154.188.68:46252 173.194.32.204:443 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 93.154.188.68:45246 190.93.244.58:80 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 93.154.188.68:47064 173.194.113.143:443 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 93.154.188.68:34484 173.194.69.95:443 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 93.154.188.68:45252 190.93.244.58:80 TIME_WAIT tcp 0 0 93.154.188.68:54290 173.194.32.202:443 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 93.154.188.68:47063 173.194.113.143:443 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 93.154.188.68:53469 173.194.32.198:80 TIME_WAIT tcp 0 0 93.154.188.68:45242 190.93.244.58:80 TIME_WAIT tcp 0 0 93.154.188.68:53468 173.194.32.198:80 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 93.154.188.68:50299 173.194.69.189:443 TIME_WAIT tcp 0 0 93.154.188.68:42764 74.125.239.143:443 TIME_WAIT tcp 0 0 93.154.188.68:45256 190.93.244.58:80 TIME_WAIT tcp 0 0 93.154.188.68:58047 108.160.162.105:80 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 93.154.188.68:45249 190.93.244.58:80 TIME_WAIT tcp 0 0 93.154.188.68:50297 173.194.69.189:443 TIME_WAIT tcp 0 0 93.154.188.68:53470 173.194.32.198:80 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 93.154.188.68:34100 68.232.35.121:443 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 93.154.188.68:42758 74.125.239.143:443 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 93.154.188.68:42765 74.125.239.143:443 TIME_WAIT tcp 0 0 93.154.188.68:39000 173.194.69.95:80 TIME_WAIT tcp 0 0 93.154.188.68:50296 173.194.69.189:443 TIME_WAIT tcp 0 0 93.154.188.68:53467 173.194.32.198:80 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 93.154.188.68:42766 74.125.239.143:443 TIME_WAIT tcp 0 0 93.154.188.68:45251 190.93.244.58:80 TIME_WAIT tcp 0 0 93.154.188.68:45248 190.93.244.58:80 TIME_WAIT tcp 0 0 93.154.188.68:45247 190.93.244.58:80 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 159 93.154.188.68:50254 173.194.69.189:443 LAST_ACK tcp 0 0 93.154.188.68:34483 173.194.69.95:443 ESTABLISHED Output of ps: USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND root 1 0.8 0.0 3628 2092 ? Ss 16:52 0:03 /sbin/init root 2 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 16:52 0:00 [kthreadd] root 3 0.1 0.0 0 0 ? S 16:52 0:00 [ksoftirqd/0] root 4 0.1 0.0 0 0 ? S 16:52 0:00 [kworker/0:0] root 6 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 16:52 0:00 [migration/0] root 7 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 16:52 0:00 [watchdog/0] root 8 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 16:52 0:00 [migration/1] root 10 0.1 0.0 0 0 ? S 16:52 0:00 [ksoftirqd/1] root 11 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 16:52 0:00 [watchdog/1] root 12 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 16:52 0:00 [migration/2] root 14 0.1 0.0 0 0 ? S 16:52 0:00 [ksoftirqd/2] root 15 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 16:52 0:00 [watchdog/2] root 16 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 16:52 0:00 [migration/3] root 17 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 16:52 0:00 [kworker/3:0] root 18 0.1 0.0 0 0 ? S 16:52 0:00 [ksoftirqd/3] root 19 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 16:52 0:00 [watchdog/3] root 20 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 16:52 0:00 [cpuset] root 21 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 16:52 0:00 [khelper] root 22 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 16:52 0:00 [kdevtmpfs] root 23 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 16:52 0:00 [netns] root 24 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 16:52 0:00 [sync_supers] root 25 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 16:52 0:00 [bdi-default] root 26 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 16:52 0:00 [kintegrityd] root 27 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 16:52 0:00 [kblockd] root 28 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 16:52 0:00 [ata_sff] root 29 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 16:52 0:00 [khubd] root 30 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 16:52 0:00 [md] root 42 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 16:52 0:00 [khungtaskd] root 43 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 16:52 0:00 [kswapd0] root 44 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? SN 16:52 0:00 [ksmd] root 45 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? SN 16:52 0:00 [khugepaged] root 46 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 16:52 0:00 [fsnotify_mark] root 47 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 16:52 0:00 [ecryptfs-kthrea] root 48 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 16:52 0:00 [crypto] root 59 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 16:52 0:00 [kthrotld] root 70 0.1 0.0 0 0 ? S 16:52 0:00 [kworker/2:1] root 71 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 16:52 0:00 [scsi_eh_0] root 72 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 16:52 0:00 [scsi_eh_1] root 73 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 16:52 0:00 [scsi_eh_2] root 74 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 16:52 0:00 [scsi_eh_3] root 75 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 16:52 0:00 [kworker/u:2] root 76 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 16:52 0:00 [kworker/u:3] root 79 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 16:52 0:00 [kworker/1:1] root 99 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 16:52 0:00 [deferwq] root 100 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 16:52 0:00 [charger_manager] root 101 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 16:52 0:00 [devfreq_wq] root 102 0.1 0.0 0 0 ? S 16:52 0:00 [kworker/2:2] root 106 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 16:52 0:00 [scsi_eh_4] root 107 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 16:52 0:00 [usb-storage] root 108 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 16:52 0:00 [scsi_eh_5] root 109 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 16:52 0:00 [usb-storage] root 271 0.1 0.0 0 0 ? S 16:52 0:00 [kworker/1:2] root 316 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 16:52 0:00 [jbd2/sda1-8] root 317 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 16:52 0:00 [ext4-dio-unwrit] root 440 0.1 0.0 2820 608 ? S 16:52 0:00 upstart-udev-bridge --daemon root 478 0.0 0.0 3460 1648 ? Ss 16:52 0:00 /sbin/udevd --daemon root 632 0.0 0.0 3348 1336 ? S 16:52 0:00 /sbin/udevd --daemon root 633 0.0 0.0 3348 1204 ? S 16:52 0:00 /sbin/udevd --daemon root 782 0.0 0.0 2816 596 ? S 16:52 0:00 upstart-socket-bridge --daemon root 822 0.0 0.0 6684 2400 ? Ss 16:52 0:00 /usr/sbin/sshd -D 102 834 0.2 0.0 4064 1864 ? Ss 16:52 0:01 dbus-daemon --system --fork root 857 0.0 0.1 7420 3380 ? Ss 16:52 0:00 /usr/sbin/modem-manager root 858 0.0 0.0 4784 1636 ? Ss 16:52 0:00 /usr/sbin/bluetoothd syslog 860 0.0 0.0 31068 1496 ? Sl 16:52 0:00 rsyslogd -c5 root 869 0.1 0.1 24280 5564 ? Ssl 16:52 0:00 NetworkManager avahi 883 0.0 0.0 3448 1488 ? S 16:52 0:00 avahi-daemon: running [pony.local] avahi 884 0.0 0.0 3448 436 ? S 16:52 0:00 avahi-daemon: chroot helper root 885 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 16:52 0:00 [kpsmoused] root 892 0.0 0.1 25696 4140 ? Sl 16:52 0:00 /usr/lib/policykit-1/polkitd --no-debug root 923 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 16:52 0:00 [scsi_eh_6] root 959 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 16:52 0:00 [krfcommd] root 970 0.0 0.1 7536 3120 ? Ss 16:52 0:00 /usr/sbin/cupsd -F colord 976 0.1 0.3 55080 10396 ? Sl 16:52 0:00 /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/colord/colord root 979 0.0 0.0 4632 872 tty4 Ss+ 16:52 0:00 /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty4 root 987 0.0 0.0 4632 884 tty5 Ss+ 16:52 0:00 /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty5 root 994 0.0 0.0 4632 884 tty2 Ss+ 16:52 0:00 /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty2 root 995 0.0 0.0 4632 868 tty3 Ss+ 16:52 0:00 /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty3 root 998 0.0 0.0 4632 876 tty6 Ss+ 16:52 0:00 /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty6 root 1022 0.0 0.0 2176 680 ? Ss 16:52 0:00 acpid -c /etc/acpi/events -s /var/run/acpid.socket root 1029 0.0 0.0 3632 664 ? Ss 16:52 0:00 /usr/sbin/irqbalance daemon 1030 0.0 0.0 2476 120 ? Ss 16:52 0:00 atd root 1031 0.0 0.0 2620 880 ? Ss 16:52 0:00 cron root 1061 0.1 0.0 0 0 ? S 16:52 0:00 [kworker/3:2] root 1064 0.0 1.0 34116 31072 ? SLsl 16:52 0:00 lightdm root 1076 13.4 1.2 118688 37920 tty7 Ssl+ 16:52 0:55 /usr/bin/X :0 -core -auth /var/run/lightdm/root/:0 -nolisten tcp vt7 -novtswit root 1085 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 16:52 0:00 [rts_pstor] root 1087 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 16:52 0:00 [rtsx-polling] root 1095 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 16:52 0:00 [cfg80211] root 1127 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 16:52 0:00 [flush-8:0] root 1130 0.0 0.0 6136 1824 ? Ss 16:52 0:00 /sbin/wpa_supplicant -B -P /run/sendsigs.omit.d/wpasupplicant.pid -u -s -O /va root 1137 0.0 0.1 24604 3164 ? Sl 16:52 0:00 /usr/lib/accountsservice/accounts-daemon root 1140 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 16:52 0:00 [hd-audio0] root 1188 0.0 0.1 34308 3420 ? Sl 16:52 0:00 /usr/sbin/console-kit-daemon --no-daemon root 1425 0.0 0.0 4632 872 tty1 Ss+ 16:52 0:00 /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty1 root 1443 0.1 0.1 29460 4664 ? Sl 16:52 0:00 /usr/lib/upower/upowerd root 1579 0.0 0.1 16540 3272 ? Sl 16:53 0:00 lightdm --session-child 12 19 bw 1623 0.0 0.0 2232 644 ? Ss 16:53 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/startkde bw 1672 0.0 0.0 4092 204 ? Ss 16:53 0:00 /usr/bin/ssh-agent /usr/bin/gpg-agent --daemon --sh --write-env-file=/home/bw/ bw 1673 0.0 0.0 5492 384 ? Ss 16:53 0:00 /usr/bin/gpg-agent --daemon --sh --write-env-file=/home/bw/.gnupg/gpg-agent-in bw 1676 0.0 0.0 3848 792 ? S 16:53 0:00 /usr/bin/dbus-launch --exit-with-session /usr/bin/startkde bw 1677 0.5 0.0 5384 2180 ? Ss 16:53 0:02 //bin/dbus-daemon --fork --print-pid 5 --print-address 7 --session root 1704 0.3 0.1 25348 3600 ? Sl 16:53 0:01 /usr/lib/udisks/udisks-daemon root 1705 0.0 0.0 6620 728 ? S 16:53 0:00 udisks-daemon: not polling any devices bw 1736 0.0 0.0 2008 64 ? S 16:53 0:00 /usr/lib/kde4/libexec/start_kdeinit +kcminit_startup bw 1737 0.0 0.5 115200 15588 ? Ss 16:53 0:00 kdeinit4: kdeinit4 Running... bw 1738 0.1 0.2 116756 8728 ? S 16:53 0:00 kdeinit4: klauncher [kdeinit] --fd=9 bw 1740 0.6 1.0 340524 31264 ? Sl 16:53 0:02 kdeinit4: kded4 [kdeinit] bw 1742 0.0 0.0 8944 2144 ? S 16:53 0:00 /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/gconf/gconfd-2 bw 1746 0.2 0.4 92028 14688 ? S 16:53 0:00 /usr/bin/kglobalaccel bw 1748 0.0 0.4 90804 13500 ? S 16:53 0:00 /usr/bin/kwalletd bw 1752 0.1 0.5 103764 15152 ? S 16:53 0:00 /usr/bin/kactivitymanagerd bw 1758 0.0 0.0 2144 280 ? S 16:53 0:00 kwrapper4 ksmserver bw 1759 0.1 0.5 150016 16088 ? Sl 16:53 0:00 kdeinit4: ksmserver [kdeinit] bw 1763 2.2 1.0 178492 32100 ? Sl 16:53 0:08 kwin bw 1772 0.2 0.5 106292 16340 ? Sl 16:53 0:00 /usr/bin/knotify4 bw 1777 0.9 1.1 246120 32912 ? Sl 16:53 0:03 /usr/bin/krunner bw 1778 6.3 2.7 389884 80216 ? Sl 16:53 0:23 /usr/bin/plasma-desktop bw 1785 0.0 0.0 2844 1208 ? S 16:53 0:00 ksysguardd bw 1789 0.1 0.4 82036 14176 ? S 16:53 0:00 /usr/bin/kuiserver bw 1805 0.3 0.1 61560 5612 ? Sl 16:53 0:01 /usr/bin/akonadi_control root 1806 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 16:53 0:00 [kworker/0:2] bw 1808 0.1 0.2 211852 8460 ? Sl 16:53 0:00 akonadiserver bw 1810 0.4 0.8 244116 25360 ? Sl 16:53 0:01 /usr/sbin/mysqld --defaults-file=/home/bw/.local/share/akonadi/mysql.conf --da bw 1874 0.0 0.0 35284 2956 ? Sl 16:53 0:00 /usr/bin/xsettings-kde bw 1876 0.0 0.3 68776 9488 ? Sl 16:53 0:00 /usr/bin/nepomukserver bw 1884 0.4 0.9 173876 29240 ? SNl 16:53 0:01 /usr/bin/nepomukservicestub nepomukstorage bw 1902 6.1 2.1 451512 63924 ? Sl 16:53 0:21 /home/bw/.dropbox-dist/dropbox bw 1906 3.8 1.0 142368 32376 ? Rl 16:53 0:13 /usr/bin/yakuake bw 1933 0.0 0.1 54636 4680 ? Sl 16:53 0:00 /usr/bin/zeitgeist-datahub bw 1943 0.5 1.5 164836 46836 ? Sl 16:53 0:01 python /usr/bin/printer-applet bw 1945 0.1 0.1 99636 5048 ? S<l 16:53 0:00 /usr/bin/pulseaudio --start --log-target=syslog rtkit 1947 0.0 0.0 21336 1248 ? SNl 16:53 0:00 /usr/lib/rtkit/rtkit-daemon bw 1958 0.0 0.1 44204 3792 ? Sl 16:53 0:00 /usr/bin/zeitgeist-daemon bw 1972 0.0 0.0 27008 2684 ? Sl 16:53 0:00 /usr/lib/gvfs/gvfsd bw 1974 0.1 0.5 90480 16660 ? Sl 16:53 0:00 /usr/bin/akonadi_agent_launcher akonadi_akonotes_resource akonadi_akonotes_res bw 1984 0.1 0.5 90472 16636 ? Sl 16:53 0:00 /usr/bin/akonadi_agent_launcher akonadi_akonotes_resource akonadi_akonotes_res bw 1985 0.3 0.9 148800 28304 ? S 16:53 0:01 /usr/bin/akonadi_archivemail_agent --identifier akonadi_archivemail_agent bw 1992 0.1 0.5 90020 16148 ? Sl 16:53 0:00 /usr/bin/akonadi_agent_launcher akonadi_contacts_resource akonadi_contacts_res bw 1993 0.1 0.5 90132 16452 ? Sl 16:53 0:00 /usr/bin/akonadi_agent_launcher akonadi_contacts_resource akonadi_contacts_res bw 1994 0.1 0.5 90564 16332 ? Sl 16:53 0:00 /usr/bin/akonadi_agent_launcher akonadi_ical_resource akonadi_ical_resource_0 bw 1995 0.1 0.5 90676 16732 ? Sl 16:53 0:00 /usr/bin/akonadi_agent_launcher akonadi_ical_resource akonadi_ical_resource_1 bw 1996 0.1 0.5 90468 16800 ? Sl 16:53 0:00 /usr/bin/akonadi_agent_launcher akonadi_maildir_resource akonadi_maildir_resou bw 1999 0.2 0.6 99324 19276 ? S 16:53 0:00 /usr/bin/akonadi_maildispatcher_agent --identifier akonadi_maildispatcher_agen bw 2006 0.3 0.9 148808 28332 ? S 16:53 0:01 /usr/bin/akonadi_mailfilter_agent --identifier akonadi_mailfilter_agent bw 2017 0.0 0.1 50256 4716 ? Sl 16:53 0:00 /usr/lib/zeitgeist/zeitgeist-fts bw 2024 0.2 0.6 103632 18376 ? Sl 16:53 0:00 /usr/bin/akonadi_nepomuk_feeder --identifier akonadi_nepomuk_feeder bw 2043 0.0 0.0 4484 280 ? S 16:53 0:00 /bin/cat bw 2101 0.2 0.7 113600 22396 ? Sl 16:53 0:00 /usr/lib/kde4/libexec/polkit-kde-authentication-agent-1 bw 2105 0.2 0.7 114196 22072 ? Sl 16:53 0:00 /usr/bin/nepomukcontroller bw 2156 0.3 1.0 333188 31244 ? Sl 16:54 0:01 /usr/bin/kmix bw 2167 0.0 0.0 6548 2724 pts/2 Ss 16:54 0:00 /bin/bash bw 2177 0.2 0.7 113496 22960 ? Sl 16:54 0:00 /usr/bin/klipper bw 2394 3.5 1.2 52932 35596 ? SNl 16:54 0:11 /usr/bin/virtuoso-t +foreground +configfile /tmp/virtuoso_hX1884.ini +wait root 2460 0.0 0.0 6184 1876 pts/2 S 16:54 0:00 sudo -s root 2500 0.0 0.0 6528 2700 pts/2 S 16:54 0:00 /bin/bash root 2599 0.0 0.0 5444 1280 pts/2 S+ 16:54 0:00 /bin/bash bin/aero root 2606 0.1 0.0 9836 2500 pts/2 S+ 16:54 0:00 wvdial aero2 root 2619 0.0 0.0 3504 1280 pts/2 S 16:54 0:00 /usr/sbin/pppd 57600 modem crtscts defaultroute usehostname -detach user aero bw 2653 0.0 0.0 6600 2880 pts/3 Ss 16:54 0:00 /bin/bash bw 2676 0.4 0.8 130296 24016 ? SNl 16:54 0:01 /usr/bin/nepomukservicestub nepomukfilewatch bw 2679 0.1 0.7 101636 22252 ? SNl 16:54 0:00 /usr/bin/nepomukservicestub nepomukqueryservice bw 2681 0.2 0.8 109836 24280 ? SNl 16:54 0:00 /usr/bin/nepomukservicestub nepomukbackupsync bw 3833 46.0 9.7 829272 288012 ? Rl 16:55 1:46 /usr/lib/firefox/firefox bw 3903 0.0 0.0 35128 2804 ? Sl 16:55 0:00 /usr/lib/at-spi2-core/at-spi-bus-launcher bw 4708 0.1 0.0 6564 2736 pts/4 Ss 16:56 0:00 /bin/bash root 5210 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 16:57 0:00 [kworker/u:0] root 6140 0.2 0.0 0 0 ? S 16:58 0:00 [kworker/0:1] root 6371 0.5 0.0 6184 1868 pts/4 S+ 16:59 0:00 sudo nethogs ppp0 root 6411 17.7 0.2 8616 6144 pts/4 S+ 16:59 0:05 nethogs ppp0 bw 6787 0.0 0.0 5464 1220 pts/3 R+ 16:59 0:00 ps auxw

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yui compressor maven plugin doesnt compress the js files

- by hanumant

I am using yui compressor to compress the js files in my web app. I have configured the plugin as indicated on yui maven plugin site yui compressor maven plugin. This is the pom plugin conf <plugin> <groupId>net.sf.alchim</groupId> <artifactId>yuicompressor-maven-plugin</artifactId> <version>0.7.1</version> <executions> <execution> <phase>compile</phase> <goals> <goal>jslint</goal> <goal>compress</goal> </goals> </execution> </executions> <configuration> <failOnWarning>true</failOnWarning> <nosuffix>true</nosuffix> <force>true</force> <aggregations> <aggregation>  <removeIncluded>false</removeIncluded>  <insertNewLine>false</insertNewLine> <output>${project.basedir}/${webcontent.dir}/js/compressedAll.js</output>   <includes> <include>**/autocomplete.js</include> <include>**/calendar.js</include> <include>**/dialogs.js</include> <include>**/download.js</include> <include>**/folding.js</include> <include>**/jquery-1.4.2.min.js</include> <include>**/jquery.bgiframe.min.js</include> <include>**/jquery.loadmask.js</include> <include>**/jquery.printelement-1.1.js</include> <include>**/jquery.tablesorter.mod.js</include> <include>**/jquery.tablesorter.pager.js</include> <include>**/jquery.dialogs.plugin.js</include> <include>**/jquery.ui.autocomplete.js</include> <include>**/jquery.validate.js</include> <include>**/jquery-ui-1.8.custom.min.js</include> <include>**/languageDropdown.js</include> <include>**/messages.js</include> <include>**/print.js</include> <include>**/tables.js</include> <include>**/tabs.js</include> <include>**/uwTooltip.js</include> </includes>  </aggregation> </aggregations> </configuration> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>rhino</groupId> <artifactId>js</artifactId> <scope>compile</scope> <version>1.6R5</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.maven</groupId> <artifactId>maven-plugin-api</artifactId> <version>2.0.7</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.maven</groupId> <artifactId>maven-project</artifactId> <version>2.0.7</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency><dependency> <groupId>net.sf.retrotranslator</groupId> <artifactId>retrotranslator-runtime</artifactId> <version>1.2.9</version> <scope>runtime</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </plugin> And here is the log at compress time These will use the artifact files already in the core ClassRealm instead, to allow them to be included in PluginDescriptor.getArtifacts(). [DEBUG] Configuring mojo 'net.sf.alchim:yuicompressor-maven-plugin:0.7.1:jslint' [DEBUG] (f) failOnWarning = true [DEBUG] (f) jswarn = true [DEBUG] (f) outputDirectory = C:\test\target\classes [DEBUG] (f) project = MavenProject: com.test.test1:test2:19-SNAPSHOT @ C:\test\pom.xml [DEBUG] (f) resources = [Resource {targetPath: null, filtering: false, FileSet {directory: C:\test\src, PatternSet [includes: {}, excludes: {**/*.class, **/*.java, site/*}]}}] [DEBUG] (f) sourceDirectory = C:\test\src\..\js [DEBUG] (f) warSourceDirectory = C:\test\src\main\webapp [DEBUG] (f) webappDirectory = C:\test\target\test2-19-SNAPSHOT [DEBUG] -- end configuration -- [INFO] [yuicompressor:jslint {execution: default}] [INFO] nb warnings: 0, nb errors: 0 [DEBUG] Configuring mojo 'net.sf.alchim:yuicompressor-maven-plugin:0.7.1:compress' -- [DEBUG] (f) removeIncluded = false [DEBUG] (f) insertNewLine = false [DEBUG] (f) output = C:\test\WebContent\js\compressedAll.js [DEBUG] (f) includes = [**/autocomplete.js, **/calendar.js, **/dialogs.js, **/download.js, **/folding.js, **/jquery-1.4.2.min.js, **/jquery.bgifram e.min.js, **/jquery.loadmask.js, **/jquery.printelement-1.1.js, **/jquery.tablesorter.mod.js, **/jquery.tablesorter.pager.js, **/jquery.dialogs.p lugin.js, **/jquery.ui.autocomplete.js, **/jquery.validate.js, **/jquery-ui-1.8.custom.min.js, **/languageDropdown.js, **/messages.js, **/print.js, * */tables.js, **/tabs.js, **/uwTooltip.js] [DEBUG] (f) aggregations = [net.sf.alchim.mojo.yuicompressor.Aggregation@65646564] [DEBUG] (f) disableOptimizations = false [DEBUG] (f) encoding = Cp1252 [DEBUG] (f) failOnWarning = true [DEBUG] (f) force = true [DEBUG] (f) gzip = false [DEBUG] (f) jswarn = true [DEBUG] (f) linebreakpos = 0 [DEBUG] (f) nomunge = false [DEBUG] (f) nosuffix = true [DEBUG] (f) outputDirectory = C:\test\target\classes [DEBUG] (f) preserveAllSemiColons = false [DEBUG] (f) project = MavenProject: com.test.test1:test2:19-SNAPSHOT @ C:\test\pom.xml [DEBUG] (f) resources = [Resource {targetPath: null, filtering: false, FileSet {directory: C:\test\src, PatternSet [includes: {}, excludes: {**/*.class, **/*.java, site/*}]}}] [DEBUG] (f) sourceDirectory = C:\test\src\..\js [DEBUG] (f) statistics = true [DEBUG] (f) suffix = -min [DEBUG] (f) warSourceDirectory = C:\test\src\main\webapp [DEBUG] (f) webappDirectory = C:\test\target\test2-19-SNAPSHOT [DEBUG] -- end configuration -- [INFO] [yuicompressor:compress {execution: default}] [INFO] generate aggregation : C:\test\WebContent\js\compressedAll.js [INFO] compressedAll.js (407505b) [INFO] nb warnings: 0, nb errors: 0 [DEBUG] Configuring mojo 'org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-resources-plugin:2.2:testResources' -- [DEBUG] (f) filters = [] [DEBUG] (f) outputDirectory = C:\test\target\test-classes [DEBUG] (f) project = MavenProject: com.test.test1:test2:19-SNAPSHOT @ C:\test\pom.xml [DEBUG] (f) resources = [Resource {targetPath: null, filtering: false, FileSet {directory: C:\test\test , PatternSet [includes: {}, excludes: {**/*.class, **/*.java}]}}] [DEBUG] -- end configuration -- The problem is the files are getting aggregated into one file but without compressing. The link above uses version 1.1 and the plugin version I am using is 0.7.1. Is this going to make any diff. Can someone tell what is wrong here. PS: I have obfuscated some text in log to follow the compliance in my firm. So you may find it mismatching somewhere.

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FreeBSD performance tuning. Sysctls, loader.conf, kernel.

- by SaveTheRbtz

I wanted to share knowledge of tuning FreeBSD via sysctls, so i'm posting them with comments. Based on Igor Sysoev (author of nginx) presentation about FreeBSD tuning up to 100,000-200,000 active connections. Sysctls are for 7.x FreeBSD. Since 7.2 amd64 some of them are tuned well by default. Prior 7.0 some of them are boot only (set via /boot/loader.conf) or does not exist at all. Highload web server sysctls: # Max. backlog size kern.ipc.somaxconn=4096 # Shared memory // 7.2+ can use shared memory > 2Gb kern.ipc.shmmax=2147483648 # Sockets kern.ipc.maxsockets=204800 # Do not use lager sockbufs on 8.0 # ( http://old.nabble.com/Significant-performance-regression-for-increased-maxsockbuf-on-8.0-RELEASE-tt26745981.html#a26745981 ) kern.ipc.maxsockbuf=262144 # Recive clusters (on amd64 7.2+ 65k is default) # For such high value vm.kmem_size must be increased to 3G #kern.ipc.nmbclusters=229376 # Jumbo pagesize(4k/8k) clusters # Used as general packet storage for jumbo frames # can be monitored via `netstat -m` #kern.ipc.nmbjumbop=192000 # Jumbo 9k/16k clusters # If you are using them #kern.ipc.nmbjumbo9=24000 #kern.ipc.nmbjumbo16=10240 # Every socket is a file, so increase them kern.maxfiles=204800 kern.maxfilesperproc=200000 kern.maxvnodes=200000 # Turn off receive autotuning #net.inet.tcp.recvbuf_auto=0 # Small receive space, only usable on http-server, on file server this # should be increased to 65535 or even more #net.inet.tcp.recvspace=8192 # Small send space is useful for http servers that serve small files # Autotuned since 7.x net.inet.tcp.sendspace=16384 # This should be enabled if you going to use big spaces (>64k) #net.inet.tcp.rfc1323=1 # Turn this off on highspeed, lossless connections (LAN 1Gbit+) #net.inet.tcp.delayed_ack=0 # This feature is useful if you are serving data over modems, Gigabit Ethernet, # or even high speed WAN links (or any other link with a high bandwidth delay product), # especially if you are also using window scaling or have configured a large send window. # You can try setting it to 0 on fileserver with 1GBit+ interfaces # Automatically disables on small RTT ( http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/cvsweb.cgi/src/sys/netinet/tcp_subr.c?#rev1.237 ) #net.inet.tcp.inflight.enable=0 # Disable randomizing of ports to avoid false RST # Before usage check SA here www.bsdcan.org/2006/papers/ImprovingTCPIP.pdf # (it's also says that port randomization auto-disables at some conn.rates, but I didn't tested it thou) #net.inet.ip.portrange.randomized=0 # Increase portrange # For outgoing connections only. Good for seed-boxes and ftp servers. net.inet.ip.portrange.first=1024 net.inet.ip.portrange.last=65535 # Security net.inet.ip.redirect=0 net.inet.ip.sourceroute=0 net.inet.ip.accept_sourceroute=0 net.inet.icmp.maskrepl=0 net.inet.icmp.log_redirect=0 net.inet.icmp.drop_redirect=1 net.inet.tcp.drop_synfin=1 # Security net.inet.udp.blackhole=1 net.inet.tcp.blackhole=2 # Increases default TTL, sometimes useful # Default is 64 net.inet.ip.ttl=128 # Lessen max segment life to conserve resources # ACK waiting time in miliseconds (default: 30000 from RFC) net.inet.tcp.msl=5000 # Max bumber of timewait sockets net.inet.tcp.maxtcptw=40960 # Don't use tw on local connections # As of 15 Apr 2009. Igor Sysoev says that nolocaltimewait has some buggy realization. # So disable it or now till get fixed #net.inet.tcp.nolocaltimewait=1 # FIN_WAIT_2 state fast recycle net.inet.tcp.fast_finwait2_recycle=1 # Time before tcp keepalive probe is sent # default is 2 hours (7200000) #net.inet.tcp.keepidle=60000 # Should be increased until net.inet.ip.intr_queue_drops is zero net.inet.ip.intr_queue_maxlen=4096 # Interrupt handling via multiple CPU, but with context switch. # You can play with it. Default is 1; #net.isr.direct=0 # This is for routers only #net.inet.ip.forwarding=1 #net.inet.ip.fastforwarding=1 # This speed ups dummynet when channel isn't saturated net.inet.ip.dummynet.io_fast=1 # Increase dummynet(4) hash #net.inet.ip.dummynet.hash_size=2048 #net.inet.ip.dummynet.max_chain_len # Should be increased when you have A LOT of files on server # (Increase until vfs.ufs.dirhash_mem becames lower) vfs.ufs.dirhash_maxmem=67108864 # Explicit Congestion Notification (see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explicit_Congestion_Notification) net.inet.tcp.ecn.enable=1 # Flowtable - flow caching mechanism # Useful for routers #net.inet.flowtable.enable=1 #net.inet.flowtable.nmbflows=65535 # Extreme polling tuning #kern.polling.burst_max=1000 #kern.polling.each_burst=1000 #kern.polling.reg_frac=100 #kern.polling.user_frac=1 #kern.polling.idle_poll=0 # IPFW dynamic rules and timeouts tuning # Increase dyn_buckets till net.inet.ip.fw.curr_dyn_buckets is lower net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_buckets=65536 net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_max=65536 net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_ack_lifetime=120 net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_syn_lifetime=10 net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_fin_lifetime=2 net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_short_lifetime=10 # Make packets pass firewall only once when using dummynet # i.e. packets going thru pipe are passing out from firewall with accept #net.inet.ip.fw.one_pass=1 # shm_use_phys Wires all shared pages, making them unswappable # Use this to lessen Virtual Memory Manager's work when using Shared Mem. # Useful for databases #kern.ipc.shm_use_phys=1 /boot/loader.conf: # Accept filters for data, http and DNS requests # Usefull when your software uses select() instead of kevent/kqueue or when you under DDoS # DNS accf available on 8.0+ accf_data_load="YES" accf_http_load="YES" accf_dns_load="YES" # Async IO system calls aio_load="YES" # Adds NCQ support in FreeBSD # WARNING! all ad[0-9]+ devices will be renamed to ada[0-9]+ # 8.0+ only #ahci_load= #siis_load= # Increase kernel memory size to 3G. # # Use ONLY if you have KVA_PAGES in kernel configuration, and you have more than 3G RAM # Otherwise panic will happen on next reboot! # # It's required for high buffer sizes: kern.ipc.nmbjumbop, kern.ipc.nmbclusters, etc # Useful on highload stateful firewalls, proxies or ZFS fileservers # (FreeBSD 7.2+ amd64 users: Check that current value is lower!) #vm.kmem_size="3G" # Older versions of FreeBSD can't tune maxfiles on the fly #kern.maxfiles="200000" # Useful for databases # Sets maximum data size to 1G # (FreeBSD 7.2+ amd64 users: Check that current value is lower!) #kern.maxdsiz="1G" # Maximum buffer size(vfs.maxbufspace) # You can check current one via vfs.bufspace # Should be lowered/upped depending on server's load-type # Usually decreased to preserve kmem # (default is 200M) #kern.maxbcache="512M" # Sendfile buffers # For i386 only #kern.ipc.nsfbufs=10240 # syncache Hash table tuning net.inet.tcp.syncache.hashsize=1024 net.inet.tcp.syncache.bucketlimit=100 # Incresed hostcache net.inet.tcp.hostcache.hashsize="16384" net.inet.tcp.hostcache.bucketlimit="100" # TCP control-block Hash table tuning net.inet.tcp.tcbhashsize=4096 # Enable superpages, for 7.2+ only # Also read http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-hackers/2009-November/030094.html vm.pmap.pg_ps_enabled=1 # Usefull if you are using Intel-Gigabit NIC #hw.em.rxd=4096 #hw.em.txd=4096 #hw.em.rx_process_limit="-1" # Also if you have ALOT interrupts on NIC - play with following parameters # NOTE: You should set them for every NIC #dev.em.0.rx_int_delay: 250 #dev.em.0.tx_int_delay: 250 #dev.em.0.rx_abs_int_delay: 250 #dev.em.0.tx_abs_int_delay: 250 # There is also multithreaded version of em drivers can be found here: # http://people.yandex-team.ru/~wawa/ # # for additional em monitoring and statistics use # `sysctl dev.em.0.stats=1 ; dmesg` # #Same tunings for igb #hw.igb.rxd=4096 #hw.igb.txd=4096 #hw.igb.rx_process_limit=100 # Some useful netisr tunables. See sysctl net.isr #net.isr.defaultqlimit=4096 #net.isr.maxqlimit: 10240 # Bind netisr threads to CPUs #net.isr.bindthreads=1 # Nicer boot logo =) loader_logo="beastie" And finally here is my additions to GENERIC kernel # Just some of them, see also # cat /sys/{i386,amd64,}/conf/NOTES # This one useful only on i386 #options KVA_PAGES=512 # You can play with HZ in environments with high interrupt rate (default is 1000) # 100 is for my notebook to prolong it's battery life #options HZ=100 # Polling is goot on network loads with high packet rates and low-end NICs # NB! Do not enable it if you want more than one netisr thread #options DEVICE_POLLING # Eliminate datacopy on socket read-write # To take advantage with zero copy sockets you should have an MTU of 8K(amd64) # (4k for i386). This req. is only for receiving data. # Read more in man zero_copy_sockets #options ZERO_COPY_SOCKETS # Support TCP sign. Used for IPSec options TCP_SIGNATURE options IPSEC # This ones can be loaded as modules. They described in loader.conf section #options ACCEPT_FILTER_DATA #options ACCEPT_FILTER_HTTP # Adding ipfw, also can be loaded as modules options IPFIREWALL options IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE options IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE_LIMIT=10 options IPFIREWALL_DEFAULT_TO_ACCEPT options IPFIREWALL_FORWARD # Adding kernel NAT options IPFIREWALL_NAT options LIBALIAS # Traffic shaping options DUMMYNET # Divert, i.e. for userspace NAT options IPDIVERT # This is for OpenBSD's pf firewall device pf device pflog # pf's QoS - ALTQ options ALTQ options ALTQ_CBQ # Class Bases Queuing (CBQ) options ALTQ_RED # Random Early Detection (RED) options ALTQ_RIO # RED In/Out options ALTQ_HFSC # Hierarchical Packet Scheduler (HFSC) options ALTQ_PRIQ # Priority Queuing (PRIQ) options ALTQ_NOPCC # Required for SMP build # Pretty console # Manual can be found here http://forums.freebsd.org/showthread.php?t=6134 #options VESA #options SC_PIXEL_MODE # Disable reboot on Ctrl Alt Del #options SC_DISABLE_REBOOT # Change normal|kernel messages color options SC_NORM_ATTR=(FG_GREEN|BG_BLACK) options SC_KERNEL_CONS_ATTR=(FG_YELLOW|BG_BLACK) # More scroll space options SC_HISTORY_SIZE=8192 # Adding hardware crypto device device crypto device cryptodev # Useful network interfaces device vlan device tap #Virtual Ethernet driver device gre #IP over IP tunneling device if_bridge #Bridge interface device pfsync #synchronization interface for PF device carp #Common Address Redundancy Protocol device enc #IPsec interface device lagg #Link aggregation interface device stf #IPv4-IPv6 port # Also for my notebook, but may be used with Opteron #device amdtemp # Support for ECMP. More than one route for destination # Works even with default route so one can use it as LB for two ISP # For now code is unstable and panics (panic: rtfree 2) on route deletions. #options RADIX_MPATH # Multicast routing #options MROUTING #options PIM # DTrace options KDTRACE_HOOKS # all architectures - enable general DTrace hooks options DDB_CTF # all architectures - kernel ELF linker loads CTF data #options KDTRACE_FRAME # amd64-only # Adaptive spining in lockmgr (8.x+) # See http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg10782.html options ADAPTIVE_LOCKMGRS # UTF-8 in console (9.x+) #options TEKEN_UTF8 #options TEKEN_XTERM # NCQ support # WARNING! all ad[0-9]+ devices will be renamed to ada[0-9]+ #options ATA_CAM # FreeBSD 9+ # Deadlock resolver thread # For additional information see http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg18124.html #options DEADLKRES PS. Also most of FreeBSD's limits can be monitored by # vmstat -z and # limits PPS. variety of network counters can be monitored via # netstat -s In FreeBSD-9 netstat's -Q option appeared, try following command to display netisr stats # netstat -Q PPPS. also see # man 7 tuning PPPPS. I wanted to thank FreeBSD community, especially author of nginx - Igor Sysoev, nginx-ru@ and FreeBSD-performance@ mailing lists for providing useful information about FreeBSD tuning. So here is the question: What tunings are you using on yours FreeBSD servers? You can also post your /etc/sysctl.conf, /boot/loader.conf, kernel options, etc with description of its' meaning (do not copy-paste from sysctl -d). Don't forget to specify server type (web, smb, gateway, etc) Let's share experience!

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Large Object Heap Fragmentation

- by Paul Ruane

The C#/.NET application I am working on is suffering from a slow memory leak. I have used CDB with SOS to try to determine what is happening but the data does not seem to make any sense so I was hoping one of you may have experienced this before. The application is running on the 64 bit framework. It is continuously calculating and serialising data to a remote host and is hitting the Large Object Heap (LOH) a fair bit. However, most of the LOH objects I expect to be transient: once the calculation is complete and has been sent to the remote host, the memory should be freed. What I am seeing, however, is a large number of (live) object arrays interleaved with free blocks of memory, e.g., taking a random segment from the LOH: 0:000> !DumpHeap 000000005b5b1000 000000006351da10 Address MT Size ... 000000005d4f92e0 0000064280c7c970 16147872 000000005e45f880 00000000001661d0 1901752 Free 000000005e62fd38 00000642788d8ba8 1056 <-- 000000005e630158 00000000001661d0 5988848 Free 000000005ebe6348 00000642788d8ba8 1056 000000005ebe6768 00000000001661d0 6481336 Free 000000005f214d20 00000642788d8ba8 1056 000000005f215140 00000000001661d0 7346016 Free 000000005f9168a0 00000642788d8ba8 1056 000000005f916cc0 00000000001661d0 7611648 Free 00000000600591c0 00000642788d8ba8 1056 00000000600595e0 00000000001661d0 264808 Free ... Obviously I would expect this to be the case if my application were creating long-lived, large objects during each calculation. (It does do this and I accept there will be a degree of LOH fragmentation but that is not the problem here.) The problem is the very small (1056 byte) object arrays you can see in the above dump which I cannot see in code being created and which are remaining rooted somehow. Also note that CDB is not reporting the type when the heap segment is dumped: I am not sure if this is related or not. If I dump the marked (<--) object, CDB/SOS reports it fine: 0:015> !DumpObj 000000005e62fd38 Name: System.Object[] MethodTable: 00000642788d8ba8 EEClass: 00000642789d7660 Size: 1056(0x420) bytes Array: Rank 1, Number of elements 128, Type CLASS Element Type: System.Object Fields: None The elements of the object array are all strings and the strings are recognisable as from our application code. Also, I am unable to find their GC roots as the !GCRoot command hangs and never comes back (I have even tried leaving it overnight). So, I would very much appreciate it if anyone could shed any light as to why these small (<85k) object arrays are ending up on the LOH: what situations will .NET put a small object array in there? Also, does anyone happen to know of an alternative way of ascertaining the roots of these objects? Thanks in advance. Update 1 Another theory I came up with late yesterday is that these object arrays started out large but have been shrunk leaving the blocks of free memory that are evident in the memory dumps. What makes me suspicious is that the object arrays always appear to be 1056 bytes long (128 elements), 128 * 8 for the references and 32 bytes of overhead. The idea is that perhaps some unsafe code in a library or in the CLR is corrupting the number of elements field in the array header. Bit of a long shot I know... Update 2 Thanks to Brian Rasmussen (see accepted answer) the problem has been identified as fragmentation of the LOH caused by the string intern table! I wrote a quick test application to confirm this: static void Main() { const int ITERATIONS = 100000; for (int index = 0; index < ITERATIONS; ++index) { string str = "NonInterned" + index; Console.Out.WriteLine(str); } Console.Out.WriteLine("Continue."); Console.In.ReadLine(); for (int index = 0; index < ITERATIONS; ++index) { string str = string.Intern("Interned" + index); Console.Out.WriteLine(str); } Console.Out.WriteLine("Continue?"); Console.In.ReadLine(); } The application first creates and dereferences unique strings in a loop. This is just to prove that the memory does not leak in this scenario. Obviously it should not and it does not. In the second loop, unique strings are created and interned. This action roots them in the intern table. What I did not realise is how the intern table is represented. It appears it consists of a set of pages -- object arrays of 128 string elements -- that are created in the LOH. This is more evident in CDB/SOS: 0:000> .loadby sos mscorwks 0:000> !EEHeap -gc Number of GC Heaps: 1 generation 0 starts at 0x00f7a9b0 generation 1 starts at 0x00e79c3c generation 2 starts at 0x00b21000 ephemeral segment allocation context: none segment begin allocated size 00b20000 00b21000 010029bc 0x004e19bc(5118396) Large object heap starts at 0x01b21000 segment begin allocated size 01b20000 01b21000 01b8ade0 0x00069de0(433632) Total Size 0x54b79c(5552028) ------------------------------ GC Heap Size 0x54b79c(5552028) Taking a dump of the LOH segment reveals the pattern I saw in the leaking application: 0:000> !DumpHeap 01b21000 01b8ade0 ... 01b8a120 793040bc 528 01b8a330 00175e88 16 Free 01b8a340 793040bc 528 01b8a550 00175e88 16 Free 01b8a560 793040bc 528 01b8a770 00175e88 16 Free 01b8a780 793040bc 528 01b8a990 00175e88 16 Free 01b8a9a0 793040bc 528 01b8abb0 00175e88 16 Free 01b8abc0 793040bc 528 01b8add0 00175e88 16 Free total 1568 objects Statistics: MT Count TotalSize Class Name 00175e88 784 12544 Free 793040bc 784 421088 System.Object[] Total 1568 objects Note that the object array size is 528 (rather than 1056) because my workstation is 32 bit and the application server is 64 bit. The object arrays are still 128 elements long. So the moral to this story is to be very careful interning. If the string you are interning is not known to be a member of a finite set then your application will leak due to fragmentation of the LOH, at least in version 2 of the CLR. In our application's case, there is general code in the deserialisation code path that interns entity identifiers during unmarshalling: I now strongly suspect this is the culprit. However, the developer's intentions were obviously good as they wanted to make sure that if the same entity is deserialised multiple times then only one instance of the identifier string will be maintained in memory.

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Can ping IP address and nslookup hostname but cannot ping hostname

- by jao

On a windows 2003 server I can nslookup www.google.com which returns Server: localhost Address: 127.0.0.1 Non-authoritative answer: Name: www.l.google.com Addresses: 74.125.79.104, 74.125.79.147, 74.125.79.99 Aliases: www.google.com I can then ping 74.125.79.104: Pinging 74.125.79.104 with 32 bytes of data: Reply from 74.125.79.104: bytes=32 time=16ms TTL=54 Reply from 74.125.79.104: bytes=32 time=32ms TTL=54 Reply from 74.125.79.104: bytes=32 time=15ms TTL=54 Reply from 74.125.79.104: bytes=32 time=15ms TTL=54 Ping statistics for 74.125.79.104: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 15ms, Maximum = 32ms, Average = 19ms But I cannot ping www.google.com: Ping request could not find host www.google.com. Please check the name and try again. (this one is different from the other question in that this one has a TLD, it is not a local domain.) Update: I am running a dns server at localhost (127.0.0.1). Even when I change it to use for example opendns, it still can nslookup hostname and ping ip address, but not ping hostname. So what is wrong? Update 2: here is the ipconfig /all result: Windows IP Configuration Host Name . . . . . . . . . . . . : SERVER Primary Dns Suffix . . . . . . . : NETWORK.local Node Type . . . . . . . . . . . . : Unknown IP Routing Enabled. . . . . . . . : No WINS Proxy Enabled. . . . . . . . : No DNS Suffix Search List. . . . . . : NETWORK.local Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Broadcom NetXtreme Gigabit Ethernet #2 Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-0F-1F-56-3B-AA DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.7.2 Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.7.1 DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 127.0.0.1 Update 3: Thanks everyone for their help and suggestions. I appreciate that. Ipconfig /flushdns returns: Sucessfully flushed the DNS resolver cache Ipconfig /displaydns returns: 2.7.168.192.in-addr.arpa ---------------------------------------- Record Name . . . . . : 2.7.168.192.in-addr.arpa. Record Type . . . . . : 12 Time To Live . . . . : 0 Data Length . . . . . : 4 Section . . . . . . . : Answer PTR Record . . . . . : webserver.mydomainname.com 1.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa ---------------------------------------- Record Name . . . . . : 1.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa. Record Type . . . . . : 12 Time To Live . . . . : 0 Data Length . . . . . : 4 Section . . . . . . . : Answer PTR Record . . . . . : localhost Update 4: Wireshark shows the following: 3 11.540542 208.67.220.220 192.168.7.2 DNS Standard query response A 74.125.79.99 A 74.125.79.104 A 74.125.79.147 6 42.056794 192.168.7.2 192.168.7.255 NBNS Name query NB WWW.GOOGLE.COM<00> which is weird: when I ping, it sends a packet to 192.168.7.255 instead of asking the DNS server for an address

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OS X won't see Windows 7 in network (and vice versa)

- by meds

I've enabled SMB sharing in OS X Lion and have added folders to share, it says 'Windows Sharing: On' with a green circle next to it (from the sharing window) and that to access the volume I will need to to go to \\192.168.0.17. It also says that the OS X should be visible as 'macbook' in the network. Both my WIndows 7 and OS X are connected to the same network, yet when I try to go to \\192.168.0.17 or from the Mac try to go to my Windows system (smb://192.168.0.6) the two OSs don't see each other. Any ideas why? Attempting to ping the Mac from Windows results in this output in the command prompt: Pinging 192.168.0.17 with 32 bytes of data: Reply from 192.168.0.6: Destination host unreachable. Request timed out. Request timed out. Request timed out. Ping statistics for 192.168.0.17: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 1, Lost = 3 (75% loss), ipconfig in Windows is: Wireless LAN adapter Wireless Network Connection: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::8918:efd1:b05c:890f%21 IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.0.6 Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.0.1 Ethernet adapter Bluetooth Network Connection: Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Ethernet adapter VMware Network Adapter VMnet1: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::98ab:63fc:3c07:d837%13 IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.74.1 Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : Ethernet adapter VMware Network Adapter VMnet8: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::80ff:c575:7b50:3a10%14 IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.21.1 Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : Tunnel adapter isatap.{2E97D0AE-9E18-4072-AC23-1979BA0DCB79}: Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Tunnel adapter isatap.{E260CE43-E9A7-4DE0-A88E-4EAFF68ACDDB}: Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Tunnel adapter isatap.{A5130812-59CE-4DDF-9C35-9433BCED9831}: Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Tunnel adapter Teredo Tunneling Pseudo-Interface: Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Tunnel adapter isatap.{134BCAE7-CFFF-4A98-8DA0-3708806AABEB}: Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Tunnel adapter isatap.{8D9E3B8F-161C-4ACE-B211-3EDD694416B2}: Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : in OS X: lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384 options=3<RXCSUM,TXCSUM> inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x1 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 gif0: flags=8010<POINTOPOINT,MULTICAST> mtu 1280 stf0: flags=0<> mtu 1280 en0: flags=8863<UP,BROADCAST,SMART,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=2b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_HWTAGGING,TSO4> ether c8:2a:14:01:24:c1 media: autoselect (none) status: inactive en1: flags=8863<UP,BROADCAST,SMART,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 ether e0:f8:47:0c:fe:04 inet6 fe80::e2f8:47ff:fe0c:fe04%en1 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x5 inet 192.168.0.17 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.0.255 media: autoselect status: active p2p0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 2304 ether 02:f8:47:0c:fe:04 media: autoselect status: inactive fw0: flags=8863<UP,BROADCAST,SMART,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 4078 lladdr 70:cd:60:ff:fe:d8:f1:32 media: autoselect <full-duplex> status: inactive

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ORDER BY job failed in the Pig script while running EmbeddedPig using Java

- by C.c. Huang

I have this following pig script, which works perfectly using grunt shell (stored the results to HDFS without any issues); however, the last job (ORDER BY) failed if I ran the same script using Java EmbeddedPig. If I replace the ORDER BY job by others, such as GROUP or FOREACH GENERATE, the whole script then succeeded in Java EmbeddedPig. So I think it's the ORDER BY which causes the issue. Anyone has any experience with this? Any help would be appreciated! The Pig script: REGISTER pig-udf-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar; user_similarity = LOAD '/tmp/sample-sim-score-results-31/part-r-00000' USING PigStorage('\t') AS (user_id: chararray, sim_user_id: chararray, basic_sim_score: float, alt_sim_score: float); simplified_user_similarity = FOREACH user_similarity GENERATE $0 AS user_id, $1 AS sim_user_id, $2 AS sim_score; grouped_user_similarity = GROUP simplified_user_similarity BY user_id; ordered_user_similarity = FOREACH grouped_user_similarity { sorted = ORDER simplified_user_similarity BY sim_score DESC; top = LIMIT sorted 10; GENERATE group, top; }; top_influencers = FOREACH ordered_user_similarity GENERATE com.aol.grapevine.similarity.pig.udf.AssignPointsToTopInfluencer($1, 10); all_influence_scores = FOREACH top_influencers GENERATE FLATTEN($0); grouped_influence_scores = GROUP all_influence_scores BY bag_of_topSimUserTuples::user_id; influence_scores = FOREACH grouped_influence_scores GENERATE group AS user_id, SUM(all_influence_scores.bag_of_topSimUserTuples::points) AS influence_score; ordered_influence_scores = ORDER influence_scores BY influence_score DESC; STORE ordered_influence_scores INTO '/tmp/cc-test-results-1' USING PigStorage(); The error log from Pig: 12/04/05 10:00:56 INFO pigstats.ScriptState: Pig script settings are added to the job 12/04/05 10:00:56 INFO mapReduceLayer.JobControlCompiler: mapred.job.reduce.markreset.buffer.percent is not set, set to default 0.3 12/04/05 10:00:58 INFO mapReduceLayer.JobControlCompiler: Setting up single store job 12/04/05 10:00:58 INFO jvm.JvmMetrics: Cannot initialize JVM Metrics with processName=JobTracker, sessionId= - already initialized 12/04/05 10:00:58 INFO mapReduceLayer.MapReduceLauncher: 1 map-reduce job(s) waiting for submission. 12/04/05 10:00:58 WARN mapred.JobClient: Use GenericOptionsParser for parsing the arguments. Applications should implement Tool for the same. 12/04/05 10:00:58 INFO input.FileInputFormat: Total input paths to process : 1 12/04/05 10:00:58 INFO util.MapRedUtil: Total input paths to process : 1 12/04/05 10:00:58 INFO util.MapRedUtil: Total input paths (combined) to process : 1 12/04/05 10:00:58 INFO filecache.TrackerDistributedCacheManager: Creating tmp-1546565755 in /var/lib/hadoop-0.20/cache/cchuang/mapred/local/archive/4334795313006396107_361978491_57907159/localhost/tmp/temp1725960134-work-6955502337234509704 with rwxr-xr-x 12/04/05 10:00:58 INFO filecache.TrackerDistributedCacheManager: Cached hdfs://localhost/tmp/temp1725960134/tmp-1546565755#pigsample_854728855_1333645258470 as /var/lib/hadoop-0.20/cache/cchuang/mapred/local/archive/4334795313006396107_361978491_57907159/localhost/tmp/temp1725960134/tmp-1546565755 12/04/05 10:00:58 INFO filecache.TrackerDistributedCacheManager: Cached hdfs://localhost/tmp/temp1725960134/tmp-1546565755#pigsample_854728855_1333645258470 as /var/lib/hadoop-0.20/cache/cchuang/mapred/local/archive/4334795313006396107_361978491_57907159/localhost/tmp/temp1725960134/tmp-1546565755 12/04/05 10:00:58 WARN mapred.LocalJobRunner: LocalJobRunner does not support symlinking into current working dir. 12/04/05 10:00:58 INFO mapred.TaskRunner: Creating symlink: /var/lib/hadoop-0.20/cache/cchuang/mapred/local/archive/4334795313006396107_361978491_57907159/localhost/tmp/temp1725960134/tmp-1546565755 <- /var/lib/hadoop-0.20/cache/cchuang/mapred/local/localRunner/pigsample_854728855_1333645258470 12/04/05 10:00:58 INFO filecache.TrackerDistributedCacheManager: Creating symlink: /var/lib/hadoop-0.20/cache/cchuang/mapred/staging/cchuang402164468/.staging/job_local_0004/.job.jar.crc <- /var/lib/hadoop-0.20/cache/cchuang/mapred/local/localRunner/.job.jar.crc 12/04/05 10:00:58 INFO filecache.TrackerDistributedCacheManager: Creating symlink: /var/lib/hadoop-0.20/cache/cchuang/mapred/staging/cchuang402164468/.staging/job_local_0004/.job.split.crc <- /var/lib/hadoop-0.20/cache/cchuang/mapred/local/localRunner/.job.split.crc 12/04/05 10:00:59 INFO filecache.TrackerDistributedCacheManager: Creating symlink: /var/lib/hadoop-0.20/cache/cchuang/mapred/staging/cchuang402164468/.staging/job_local_0004/.job.splitmetainfo.crc <- /var/lib/hadoop-0.20/cache/cchuang/mapred/local/localRunner/.job.splitmetainfo.crc 12/04/05 10:00:59 INFO filecache.TrackerDistributedCacheManager: Creating symlink: /var/lib/hadoop-0.20/cache/cchuang/mapred/staging/cchuang402164468/.staging/job_local_0004/.job.xml.crc <- /var/lib/hadoop-0.20/cache/cchuang/mapred/local/localRunner/.job.xml.crc 12/04/05 10:00:59 INFO filecache.TrackerDistributedCacheManager: Creating symlink: /var/lib/hadoop-0.20/cache/cchuang/mapred/staging/cchuang402164468/.staging/job_local_0004/job.jar <- /var/lib/hadoop-0.20/cache/cchuang/mapred/local/localRunner/job.jar 12/04/05 10:00:59 INFO filecache.TrackerDistributedCacheManager: Creating symlink: /var/lib/hadoop-0.20/cache/cchuang/mapred/staging/cchuang402164468/.staging/job_local_0004/job.split <- /var/lib/hadoop-0.20/cache/cchuang/mapred/local/localRunner/job.split 12/04/05 10:00:59 INFO filecache.TrackerDistributedCacheManager: Creating symlink: /var/lib/hadoop-0.20/cache/cchuang/mapred/staging/cchuang402164468/.staging/job_local_0004/job.splitmetainfo <- /var/lib/hadoop-0.20/cache/cchuang/mapred/local/localRunner/job.splitmetainfo 12/04/05 10:00:59 INFO filecache.TrackerDistributedCacheManager: Creating symlink: /var/lib/hadoop-0.20/cache/cchuang/mapred/staging/cchuang402164468/.staging/job_local_0004/job.xml <- /var/lib/hadoop-0.20/cache/cchuang/mapred/local/localRunner/job.xml 12/04/05 10:00:59 INFO mapred.Task: Using ResourceCalculatorPlugin : null 12/04/05 10:00:59 INFO mapred.MapTask: io.sort.mb = 100 12/04/05 10:00:59 INFO mapred.MapTask: data buffer = 79691776/99614720 12/04/05 10:00:59 INFO mapred.MapTask: record buffer = 262144/327680 12/04/05 10:00:59 WARN mapred.LocalJobRunner: job_local_0004 java.lang.RuntimeException: org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.InvalidInputException: Input path does not exist: file:/Users/cchuang/workspace/grapevine-rec/pigsample_854728855_1333645258470 at org.apache.pig.backend.hadoop.executionengine.mapReduceLayer.partitioners.WeightedRangePartitioner.setConf(WeightedRangePartitioner.java:139) at org.apache.hadoop.util.ReflectionUtils.setConf(ReflectionUtils.java:62) at org.apache.hadoop.util.ReflectionUtils.newInstance(ReflectionUtils.java:117) at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask$NewOutputCollector.<init>(MapTask.java:560) at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask.runNewMapper(MapTask.java:639) at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask.run(MapTask.java:323) at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.LocalJobRunner$Job.run(LocalJobRunner.java:210) Caused by: org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.InvalidInputException: Input path does not exist: file:/Users/cchuang/workspace/grapevine-rec/pigsample_854728855_1333645258470 at org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat.listStatus(FileInputFormat.java:231) at org.apache.pig.backend.hadoop.executionengine.mapReduceLayer.PigFileInputFormat.listStatus(PigFileInputFormat.java:37) at org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat.getSplits(FileInputFormat.java:248) at org.apache.pig.impl.io.ReadToEndLoader.init(ReadToEndLoader.java:153) at org.apache.pig.impl.io.ReadToEndLoader.<init>(ReadToEndLoader.java:115) at org.apache.pig.backend.hadoop.executionengine.mapReduceLayer.partitioners.WeightedRangePartitioner.setConf(WeightedRangePartitioner.java:112) ... 6 more 12/04/05 10:00:59 INFO filecache.TrackerDistributedCacheManager: Deleted path /var/lib/hadoop-0.20/cache/cchuang/mapred/local/archive/4334795313006396107_361978491_57907159/localhost/tmp/temp1725960134/tmp-1546565755 12/04/05 10:00:59 INFO mapReduceLayer.MapReduceLauncher: HadoopJobId: job_local_0004 12/04/05 10:01:04 INFO mapReduceLayer.MapReduceLauncher: job job_local_0004 has failed! Stop running all dependent jobs 12/04/05 10:01:04 INFO mapReduceLayer.MapReduceLauncher: 100% complete 12/04/05 10:01:04 ERROR pigstats.PigStatsUtil: 1 map reduce job(s) failed! 12/04/05 10:01:04 INFO pigstats.PigStats: Script Statistics: HadoopVersion PigVersion UserId StartedAt FinishedAt Features 0.20.2-cdh3u3 0.8.1-cdh3u3 cchuang 2012-04-05 10:00:34 2012-04-05 10:01:04 GROUP_BY,ORDER_BY Some jobs have failed! Stop running all dependent jobs Job Stats (time in seconds): JobId Maps Reduces MaxMapTime MinMapTIme AvgMapTime MaxReduceTime MinReduceTime AvgReduceTime Alias Feature Outputs job_local_0001 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 all_influence_scores,grouped_user_similarity,simplified_user_similarity,user_similarity GROUP_BY job_local_0002 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 grouped_influence_scores,influence_scores GROUP_BY,COMBINER job_local_0003 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ordered_influence_scores SAMPLER Failed Jobs: JobId Alias Feature Message Outputs job_local_0004 ordered_influence_scores ORDER_BY Message: Job failed! Error - NA /tmp/cc-test-results-1, Input(s): Successfully read 0 records from: "/tmp/sample-sim-score-results-31/part-r-00000" Output(s): Failed to produce result in "/tmp/cc-test-results-1" Counters: Total records written : 0 Total bytes written : 0 Spillable Memory Manager spill count : 0 Total bags proactively spilled: 0 Total records proactively spilled: 0 Job DAG: job_local_0001 -> job_local_0002, job_local_0002 -> job_local_0003, job_local_0003 -> job_local_0004, job_local_0004 12/04/05 10:01:04 INFO mapReduceLayer.MapReduceLauncher: Some jobs have failed! Stop running all dependent jobs

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Having problem with C++ file handling

- by caramel1991

Our lecturer has given us a task,I've attempted it and try every single effort I can,but I still struggle with one of the problem in it,here goes the question: The company you work at receives a monthly report in a text format. The report contains the following information. • Department Name • Head of Department Name • Month • Minimum spending of the month • Maximum spending of the month Your program is to obtain the name of the input file from the user. Implement a structure to represent the data: Once the file has been read into your program, print out the following statistics for the user: • List which department has the minimum spending per month by month • List which department has the minimum spending by month by month Write the information into a file called “MaxMin.txt” Then do a processing so that the Department Name, Head of Department Name, Minimum spending and Maximum spending are written to separate files based on the month, eg Jan, Feb, March and so on. and of course our lecturer does send us a text file with the content: Engineering Bill Jan 2000 15000 IT Jack Jan 300 20000 HR Jill Jan 1500 10000 Engineering Bill Feb 5000 45000 IT Jack Feb 4500 7000 HR Jill Feb 5600 60000 Engineering Bill Mar 5000 45000 IT Jack Mar 4500 7000 HR Jill Mar 5600 60000 Engineering Bill Apr 5000 45000 IT Jack Apr 4500 7000 HR Jill Apr 5600 60000 Engineering Bill May 2000 15000 IT Jack May 300 20000 HR Jill May 1500 10000 Engineering Bill Jun 2000 15000 IT Jack Jun 300 20000 HR Jill Jun 1500 10000 and here's the c++ code I've written ue#include include include using namespace std; struct Record { string depName; string head; string month; float max; float min; string name; }myRecord[19]; int main () { string line; ofstream minmax,jan,feb,mar,apr,may,jun; char a[50]; char b[50]; int i = 0,j,k; float temp; //float maxjan=myRecord[0].max,maxfeb=myRecord[0].max,maxmar=myRecord[0].max,maxapr=myRecord[0].max,maxmay=myRecord[0].max,maxjune=myRecord[0].max; float minjan=myRecord[1].min,minfeb=myRecord[1].min,minmar=myRecord[1].min,minapr=myRecord[1].min,minmay=myRecord[1].min,minjune=myRecord[1].min; float maxjan=0,maxfeb=0,maxmar=0,maxapr=0,maxmay=0,maxjune=0; //float minjan=0,minfeb=0,minmar=0,minapr=0,minmay=0,minjune=0; string maxjanDep,maxfebDep,maxmarDep,maxaprDep,maxmayDep,maxjunDep; string minjanDep,minfebDep,minmarDep,minaprDep,minmayDep,minjunDep; cout<<"Enter file name: "; cina; ifstream myfile (a); //minmax.open ("MaxMin.txt"); if (myfile.is_open()){ while (! myfile.eof()){ myfilemyRecord[i].depNamemyRecord[i].headmyRecord[i].monthmyRecord[i].minmyRecord[i].max; cout << myRecord[i].depName<<"\t"< cout<<"Enter file name: "; cinb; ifstream myfile1 (b); minmax.open ("MaxMin.txt"); jan.open ("Jan.txt"); feb.open ("Feb.txt"); mar.open ("March.txt"); apr.open ("April.txt"); may.open ("May.txt"); jun.open ("Jun.txt"); if (myfile1.is_open()){ while (! myfile1.eof()){ myfile1myRecord[i].depNamemyRecord[i].headmyRecord[i].monthmyRecord[i].minmyRecord[i].max; if (myRecord[i].month == "Jan"){ jan<< myRecord[i].depName<<"\t"< if (maxjan< myRecord[i].max){ maxjan=myRecord[i].max; maxjanDep=myRecord[i].depName;} //if (minjan myRecord[i].min){ // minjan=myRecord[i].min; //minjanDep=myRecord[i].depName; //} for (k=1;k<=3;k++){ for (j=0;j<2;j++){ if (myRecord[j].minmyRecord[j+1].min){ temp=myRecord[j].min; myRecord[j].min=myRecord[j+1].min; myRecord[j+1].min=temp; minjanDep=myRecord[j].depName; }}} } if (myRecord[i].month == "Feb"){ feb<< myRecord[i].depName<<"\t"< //if (minfebmyRecord[i].min){ //minfeb=myRecord[i].min; //minfebDep=myRecord[i].depName; //} for (k=1;k<=3;k++){ for (j=0;j<2;j++){ if (myRecord[j].minmyRecord[j+1].min){ temp=myRecord[j].min; myRecord[j].min=myRecord[j+1].min; myRecord[j+1].min=temp; minfebDep=myRecord[j+1].depName; }}} } if (myRecord[i].month == "Mar"){ mar<< myRecord[i].depName<<"\t"< if (myRecord[i].month == "Apr"){ apr<< myRecord[i].depName<<"\t"< if (minaprmyRecord[i].min){ minapr=myRecord[i].min; minaprDep=myRecord[i].min;} } if (myRecord[i].month == "May"){ may< if (minmaymyRecord[i].min){ minmay=myRecord[i].min; minmayDep=myRecord[i].depName;} } if (myRecord[i].month == "Jun"){ jun<< myRecord[i].depName<<"\t"< if (minjunemyRecord[i].min){ minjune=myRecord[i].min; minjunDep=myRecord[i].depName;} } i++; myfile.close(); } minmax<<"department that has maximum spending at jan "< else{ cout << "Unable to open file"< } sorry inside that code ue#include should has iostream along with another two #include fstream and string,but at here it was treated as html tag,so i can't type it. my problem here is,I can't seems to get the minimum spending,I've try all I can but I'm still lingering on it,any idea??THANK YOU!

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Uneditable file and Unreadable(for further processing) file( WHY? ) after processing it through C++

- by mgj

Hi...:) This might look to be a very long question to you I understand, but trust me on this its not long. I am not able to identify why after processing this text is not being able to be read and edited. I tried using the ord() function in python to check if the text contains any Unicode characters( non ascii characters) apart from the ascii ones.. I found quite a number of them. I have a strong feeling that this could be due to the original text itself( The INPUT ). Input-File: Just copy paste it into a file "acle5v1.txt" The objective of this code below is to check for upper case characters and to convert it to lower case and also to remove all punctuations so that these words are taken for further processing for word alignment #include<iostrea> #include<fstream> #include<ctype.h> #include<cstring> using namespace std; ifstream fin2("acle5v1.txt"); ofstream fin3("acle5v1_op.txt"); ofstream fin4("chkcharadded.txt"); ofstream fin5("chkcharntadded.txt"); ofstream fin6("chkprintchar.txt"); ofstream fin7("chknonasci.txt"); ofstream fin8("nonprinchar.txt"); int main() { char ch,ch1; fin2.seekg(0); fin3.seekp(0); int flag = 0; while(!fin2.eof()) { ch1=ch; fin2.get(ch); if (isprint(ch))// if the character is printable flag = 1; if(flag) { fin6<<"Printable character:\t"<<ch<<"\t"<<(int)ch<<endl; flag = 0; } else { fin8<<"Non printable character caught:\t"<<ch<<"\t"<<int(ch)<<endl; } if( isalnum(ch) || ch == '@' || ch == ' ' )// checks for alpha numeric characters { fin4<<"char added: "<<ch<<"\tits ascii value: "<<int(ch)<<endl; if(isupper(ch)) { //tolower(ch); fin3<<(char)tolower(ch); } else { fin3<<ch; } } else if( ( ch=='\t' || ch=='.' || ch==',' || ch=='#' || ch=='?' || ch=='!' || ch=='"' || ch != ';' || ch != ':') && ch1 != ' ' ) { fin3<<' '; } else if( (ch=='\t' || ch=='.' || ch==',' || ch=='#' || ch=='?' || ch=='!' || ch=='"' || ch != ';' || ch != ':') && ch1 == ' ' ) { //fin3<<" '; } else if( !(int(ch)>=0 && int(ch)<=127) ) { fin5<<"Char of ascii within range not added: "<<ch<<"\tits ascii value: "<<int(ch)<<endl; } else { fin7<<"Non ascii character caught(could be a -ve value also)\t"<<ch<<int(ch)<<endl; } } return 0; } I have a similar code as the above written in python which gives me an otput which is again not readable and not editable The code in python looks like this: #!/usr/bin/python # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- import sys input_file=sys.argv[1] output_file=sys.argv[2] list1=[] f=open(input_file) for line in f: line=line.strip() #line=line.rstrip('.') line=line.replace('.','') line=line.replace(',','') line=line.replace('#','') line=line.replace('?','') line=line.replace('!','') line=line.replace('"','') line=line.replace('?','') line=line.replace('|','') line = line.lower() list1.append(line) f.close() f1=open(output_file,'w') f1.write(' '.join(list1)) f1.close() the file takes ip and op at runtime.. as: python punc_remover.py acle5v1.txt acle5v1_op.txt The output of this file is in "acle5v1_op.txt" now after processing this particular output file is needed for further processing. This particular file "aclee5v1_op.txt" is the UNREADABLE Aand UNEDITABLE File that I am not being able to use for further processing. I need this for Word alignment in NLP. I tried readin this output with the following program #include<iostream> #include<fstream> using namespace std; ifstream fin1("acle5v1_op.txt"); ofstream fout1("chckread_acle5v1_op.txt"); ofstream fout2("chcknotread_acle5v1_op.txt"); int main() { char ch; int flag = 0; long int r = 0; long int nr = 0; while(!(fin1)) { fin1.get(ch); if(ch) { flag = 1; } if(flag) { fout1<<ch; flag = 0; r++; } else { fout2<<"Char not been able to be read from source file\n"; nr++; } } cout<<"Number of characters able to be read: "<<r; cout<<endl<<"Number of characters not been able to be read: "<<nr; return 0; } which prints the character if its readable and if not it doesn't print them but I observed the output of both the file is blank thus I could draw a conclusion that this file "acle5v1_op.txt" is UNREADABLE AND UNEDITABLE. Could you please help me on how to deal with this problem.. To tell you a bit about the statistics wrt the original input file "acle5v1.txt" file it has around 3441 lines in it and around 3 million characters in it. Keeping in mind the number of characters in the file you editor might/might not be able to manage to open the file.. I was able to open the file in gedit of Fedora 10 which I am currently using .. This is just to notify you that opening with a particular editor was not actually an issue at least in my case... Can I use scripting languages like Python and Perl to deal with this problem if Yes how? could please be specific on that regard as I am a novice to Perl and Python. Or could you please tell me how do I solve this problem using C++ itself.. Thank you...:) I am really looking forward to some help or guidance on how to go about this problem....

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BIND returns serverfail when querying for its authoriative domain

- by estol

Hi there Serverfault folks! First of all: sorry about the title, I had some problem coming up with the proper title. I have a little home server set up, for internet sharing, samba, basic http, dlna mediaserver and what not, and I happend to have a domain at hand, so I thought why not direct it to this computer? I have a BIND 9.8.0 installed, and - afaik - configured it properly. For a few days, the public view did not worked, and I really did not cared, since the local view worked. But now suddenly, even the local view fails. If I try to query the nameserver for anything in my domain, it returns the following error: $ nslookup andromeda.dafaces.com ;; Got SERVFAIL reply from ::1, trying next server ;; Got SERVFAIL reply from ::1, trying next server Server: 127.0.0.1 Address: 127.0.0.1#53 ** server can't find andromeda.dafaces.com.dafaces.com: SERVFAIL Also, the public view points to the old ip address of the domain, probably because of the same error. Some information about the system: $ uname -a Linux tressis 2.6.37-ARCH #1 SMP PREEMPT Tue Mar 15 09:21:17 CET 2011 x86_64 AMD Athlon(tm) 64 X2 Dual Core Processor 5000+ AuthenticAMD GNU/Linux $ named -v BIND 9.8.0 And the named.conf file: # cat /etc/named.conf // // /etc/named.conf // include "/etc/rndc.key"; #controls { # inet 127.0.0.1 allow {localhost; } keys { "dnskulcs"; }; #}; options { directory "/var/named"; pid-file "/var/run/named/named.pid"; auth-nxdomain yes; datasize default; // Uncomment these to enable IPv6 connections support // IPv4 will still work: listen-on-v6 { any; }; listen-on { any; }; // Add this for no IPv4: // listen-on { none; }; // Default security settings. // allow-recursion { 127.0.0.1; ::1; 192.168.1.0/24; }; // allow-recursion { any; }; allow-query { any; }; allow-transfer { 127.0.0.1; ::1; 92.243.14.172; 87.98.164.164; 88.191.64.64; }; allow-update { key "dnskulcs"; }; version none; hostname none; server-id none; zone-statistics yes; forwarders { 213.46.246.53; 213.26.246.54; 8.8.8.8; 8.8.4.4; 192.188.242.65; 193.227.196.3; 2001:470:20::2; }; }; view "local" { match-clients { 192.168.1.0/24; 127.0.0.1; ::1; fec0:0:0:ffff::/64; }; recursion yes; zone "localhost" IN { type master; file "localhost.zone"; allow-transfer { any; }; }; zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" IN { type master; file "127.0.0.zone"; allow-transfer { any; }; }; zone "." IN { type hint; file "root.hint"; }; zone "dafaces.com" IN { type master; file "internal/dafaces.com.fw"; allow-update { key "dnskulcs"; }; }; zone "1.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN { type master; file "internal/dafaces.com.rev"; allow-update { key "dnskulcs"; }; }; }; view "public" { match-clients { any;}; recursion no; zone "dafaces.com" IN { type master; file "external/dafaces.com.fw"; allow-transfer { 87.98.164.164; 195.234.42.1; 88.191.64.64; }; }; }; //zone "example.org" IN { // type slave; // file "example.zone"; // masters { // 192.168.1.100; // }; // allow-query { any; }; // allow-transfer { any; }; //}; logging { channel xfer-log { file "/var/log/named.log"; print-category yes; print-severity yes; print-time yes; severity info; }; category xfer-in { xfer-log; }; category xfer-out { xfer-log; }; category notify { xfer-log; }; }; All help would be highly appreciated! EDIT: Zone files: # cat /var/named/internal/dafaces.com.fw $ORIGIN . $TTL 3600 ; 1 hour dafaces.com IN SOA tressis.dafaces.com. postmaster.dafaces.com. ( 2011032201 ; serial 28800 ; refresh (8 hours) 7200 ; retry (2 hours) 2419200 ; expire (4 weeks) 3600 ; minimum (1 hour) ) NS tressis.dafaces.com. A 192.168.1.1 MX 10 mail.dafaces.com. $ORIGIN _tcp.dafaces.com. _http SRV 0 5 80 www.dafaces.com. _ssh SRV 0 5 22 tressis.dafaces.com. $ORIGIN dafaces.com. acrisius A 192.168.1.230 andromeda A 192.168.1.7 andromeda-win7 CNAME andromeda aspasia A 192.168.1.233 athena A 192.168.1.232 callisto A 192.168.1.102 db A 192.168.1.1 management A 192.168.1.1 ; web management for the router functions haley A 192.168.1.5 hoth A 192.168.1.101 mail A 192.168.1.1 satelite A 192.168.1.20 sony-player A 192.168.1.103 TXT "310f16de2d2712dfc4ae6e5c54f60f828e" torrent A 192.168.1.1 tracker A 192.168.1.1 tressis A 192.168.1.1 www A 192.168.1.1 zeus A 192.168.1.231 and # cat /var/named/external/dafaces.com.fw $ORIGIN . $TTL 3600 dafaces.com IN SOA ns.dafaces.com. postmaster.dafaces.com. ( 2011032405; serial 28800; refresh 7200; retry 2419200; expire 3600; minimum ) NS ns.dafaces.com. NS ns0.xname.org. NS ns1.xname.org. NS ns2.xname.org. A 89.135.129.37 MX 10 mail.dafaces.com. $ORIGIN dafaces.com. ;Szolgaltatasok _ssh._tcp SRV 0 5 22 tressis _http._tcp SRV 0 5 80 www ns A 89.135.129.37 hoth A 89.135.129.37 www A 89.135.129.37 mail A 89.135.129.37 db A 89.135.129.37 torrent A 89.135.129.37 tracker A 89.135.129.37 Edit: Ohh, hell I almost forgot. Since the node is connected to the internet via a residential connection, there is a possibility, that the public ipv4 address will change(but thank god, it is a very rare case), so I daily update the external IP address in the zone file with a shellscript: # cat /etc/cron.daily/dnsupdate #!/bin/sh FILE="/var/named/external/dafaces.com.fw" SERIAL=$(date +%Y%m%d05) PUBLIC_IP=$(ifconfig internet |sed -n "/inet addr:.*255.255.255.255/{s/.*inet addr://; s/ .*//; p}") cat $FILE | sed --posix 's/^.* serial$/\t\t\t\t\t'$SERIAL'; serial/' | sed --posix 's/[0-9]*\.[0-9]*\.[0-9]*\.[0-9]*/'$PUBLIC_IP'/' > /tmp/ujzona mv /tmp/ujzona $FILE /etc/rc.d/named reload

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CodePlex Daily Summary for Sunday, August 10, 2014

CodePlex Daily Summary for Sunday, August 10, 2014Popular ReleasesWinForms MVP: WinForms MVP v1.0.1008.2014: Issues Fixed Issue 1 New Added MessageBus and AppState features. Added tests in support of the MessageBus and AppState features Added dependency injection support for Ninject. Added tests in support of the NinjectPresenterFactory.WP8 Native Access Webserver: Version alpha 0.5.3: Figured I should post a newer version. This build includes pretty broad registry browsing (especially if you can use the AllCapabilities version) and (in the AC version) also fairly broad file system access. It also includes the ability to download .REG files. There have been tons of bugfixes and performance improvements as well, plus a slightly better UI in both the app and the web interface. For more info, please read the forum post here: http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=23...ClosedXML - The easy way to OpenXML: ClosedXML 0.74.0: Many updates. See history.SEToolbox: SEToolbox 01.042.019 Release 1: Added RadioAntenna broadcast name to ship name detail. Added two additional columns for Asteroid material generation for Asteroid Fields. Added Mass and Block number columns to main display. Added Ellipsis to some columns on main display to reduce name confusion. Added correct SE version number in file when saving. Re-added in reattaching Motor when drag/dropping or importing ships (KeenSH have added RotorEntityId back in after removing it months ago). Added option to export and r...Instant Beautiful Browsing: IBB 14.3 Alpha: An alpha release of IBB. After 3 years of the last release this version is made from scratch, with tons of new features like: Make your own IBB aps. HTML 5. Better UI. Extreme Windows 8 resemblance. Photos. Store. Movement TONS of times smother compared to previous versions. Remember that this is AN ALPHA release, I hope I will have "IBB 14" finished by December. The documentation on how to create a new application for IBB will come next monthjQuery List DragSort: jQuery List DragSort 0.5.2: Fixed scrollContainer removing deprecated use of $.browser so should now work with latest version of jQuery. Added the ability to return false in dragEnd to revert sort order Project changes Added nuget package for dragsort https://www.nuget.org/packages/dragsort Converted repository from SVN to MercurialCRM 2013 One Click Navigation: CRM2013OneClickNavigation_1_0_0_4_managed.zip: Fixed some minor issues and added support for the following languages Spanish German French Italian Portuguese Russian Arabic Chinese Japanese Hindi Hebrew Korean Polish ThaiBraintree Client Library: Braintree 2.32.0: Allow credit card verification options to be passed outside of the nonce for PaymentMethod.create Allow billingaddress parameters and billingaddress_id to be passed outside of the nonce for PaymentMethod.create Add Subscriptions to paypal accounts Add PaymentMethod.update Add failonduplicatepaymentmethod option to PaymentMethod.create Add support for dispute webhooksThe Mario Kart 8 App: V1.0.2.1: First Codeplex release. WINDOWS INSTALLER ONLYAspose Java for Docx4j: Aspose.Words vs Docx4j - v 1.0: Release contain the Code Comparison for Features in Docx4j SDK and Aspose.Words What's New ?Following Examples: Accessing Document Properties Add Bookmarks Convert to Formats Delete Bookmarks Working with Comments Feedback and Suggestions Many more examples are available at Aspose Docs. Raise your queries and suggest more examples via Aspose Forums or via this social coding site.File System Security PowerShell Module: NTFSSecurity 2.4.1: Add-Access and Remove-Access now take multiple accoutsYourSqlDba: YourSqlDba 5.2.1.: This version improves alert message that comes a while after you install the script. First it says to get it from YourSqlDba.CodePlex.com If you don't want to update now, just-rerun the script from your installed version. To get actual version running just execute install.PrintVersionInfo. . You can go to source code / history and click on change set 72957 to see changes in the script.Manipulator: Manipulator: manipulatorXNB filetype plugin for Paint.NET: Paint.NET XNB plugin v0.4.0.0: CHANGELOG Reverted old incomplete changes. Updated library for compatibility with Paint .NET 4. Updated project to NET 4.5. Updated version to 0.4.0.0. INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS Extract the ZIP file to your Paint.NET\FileTypes folder.EdiFabric: Release 4.1: Changed MessageContextWix# (WixSharp) - managed interface for WiX: Release 1.0.0.0: Release 1.0.0.0 Custom UI Custom MSI Dialog Custom CLR Dialog External UIMath.NET Numerics: Math.NET Numerics v3.2.0: Linear Algebra: Vector.Map2 (map2 in F#), storage-optimized Linear Algebra: fix RemoveColumn/Row early index bound check (was not strict enough) Statistics: Entropy ~Jeff Mastry Interpolation: use Array.BinarySearch instead of local implementation ~Candy Chiu Resources: fix a corrupted exception message string Portable Build: support .Net 4.0 as well by using profile 328 instead of 344. .Net 3.5: F# extensions now support .Net 3.5 as well .Net 3.5: NuGet package now contains pro...Virto Commerce Enterprise Open Source eCommerce Platform (asp.net mvc): Virto Commerce 1.11: Virto Commerce Community Edition version 1.11. To install the SDK package, please refer to SDK getting started documentation To configure source code package, please refer to Source code getting started documentation This release includes many bug fixes and minor improvements. More details about this release can be found on our blog at http://blog.virtocommerce.com.BoxStarter: Boxstarter 2.4.80: Running the Setup.bat file will install Chocolatey if not present and then install the Boxstarter modules.ProjkyAddin ssms addin script shortcut ssmsaddin: projkyaddin source code and msi files.: projkyaddin source code and msi files.New ProjectsBolos: BolosBWQS - The BitWise Query Service: Generic object queries with a bitwise syntax.DocX Razor: A DocX scaffolding engine with Razor syntaxJQuery Simple Logger: Its a very simple jQuery extension for logging client side events. There are four levels of logging: Error, Warning, Info, Debug ???????: ???????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　?????????????????????，??1998?7??????，??????????，?????????，?????????????，????????????????????????. ????????????????????，????????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。???????????????????，??????????????，????，?????????????????????，??????。???????，??????????????????????。????????，????????????，?????????: ???????????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。????????????????????????，????????????，??????98???????????，????，??????????，?????????. 　　?????????,????????????????，????????????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????，?????????????????????，???????????????????????!?????????????????????????????????????????????、?????????、??????、???????: ???????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。???????????????????，??1998?7??????，??????????，?????????，?????????????，??????????????????????. ????????????????????，????????????????: ????????????: ???????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。???????????????????，??????????????，????，?????????????????????，??????。??，??????????????????????。????????，????????????，??????，???????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????????，????????。????????????????、???????。??????????????。?????????????????,??????,??????,??????,??????????????，????????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　????????????????????，????????。????????????????、???????。??????????????。???????????????????,??????,??????,??????,??????????????????: ???????????: ??????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。???????????????????，??1998?7??????，??????????，?????????，?????????????，??????????????????????. ????????????????????，????????????????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　 ????????????????????，??1998?7??????，??????????，??????? ????????，?????????????， ???????????????????????. ???????????????????????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????，??????、????、?????????????????????????，???????????? ??。???????????，??????????，???????????，????2000?，??????????，??????: ????????????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　?????2004?，??????????????，??????????????????。?????? ?????，????????????????，????????????。????，????????????，????，??“??????”????????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????????????????，????????????!??????????????????????????????????????????、???????、????、??????、??????????。???????????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????，?????????????????????，???????????????????????!?????????????????????????????????????????????、?????????、??????、???????: ???????????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。?????????????????，????????。????????????????、???????。??????????????。????????????????,??????,??????,??????,??????????????，????,?????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。　　??????98???????????，???????????????????，????????????，????，??????????，?????????，?????????,????????????????，???????????，??????????: ??????????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　?????2004?，??????????????，??????????????????。?????? ?????，????????????????，????????????。????，???????????，????，??“???????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????，??????、????、?????????????????????????，???????????? ??。???????????，??????????，???????????，????2000?，??????????，?????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????，?????????????????????????，????????????!?????????????????????????????????????????、???????、????、??????、???????????????: ????????????: ???????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。???????????????????，??1998?7??????，??????????，?????????，?????????????，??????????????????????. ????????????????????，???????????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。?????????????????，????????。????????????????、???????。??????????????。????????????????,??????,??????,??????,??????????????，????,?????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。　　??????98???????????，???????????????????，????????????，????，??????????，?????????，?????????,????????????????，???????????，??????????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。?????????????????!????????????????????????????????????????????、?????????、??????、????????、????????????。??????????，???????????，???????: ??????????????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　????? 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??。???????????，??????????，???????????，????2000?，??????????，?????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。???????????????????，??????????????，????，?????????????????????，??????。??，??????????????????????。????????，????????????，??????，??????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。????????????????????????，????????????，??????98???????????，????，??????????，?????????. 　　?????????,????????????????，?????????????????: ????????????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　????????????????????，????????。????????????????、???????。??????????????。???????????????????,??????,??????,??????,??????????????????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????????????????,??????????,???????????????????????,???????:????,????;?????????????;??;??;????;????????;????;????;???????: ????????????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　???????????????????????????,???????????,???????????????????????,???????:????,????;?????????????;??;??;????;????????;??????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????，?????????????????????，???????????????????????!?????????????????????????????????????????????、?????????、??????、??????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。　　?????????????、??、??、??????????????????，???????，???????，?????????????，??????????????，?????、??????????、??、???，?????????????，???????: ???????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。　　??????98???????????，???????????????????，????????????，????，??????????，?????????，?????????,????????????????，???????????，??????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。　　??????98???????????，???????????????????，????????????，????，??????????，?????????，?????????,????????????????，???????????，??????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。?????????????????!????????????????????????????????????????????、?????????、??????、????????、????????????。??????????，???????????，??????: ????????????: ???????????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。?????????????????????????，????????????!?????????????????????????????????????????、???????、????、??????、??????????。???????????????????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　???????????????，?????????????????????，????????????????????????!??????????????????????????????????????????????、?????????、??????????: ???????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　????? 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??。???????????，??????????，???????????，????2000?，???????????????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　????????????????????，??1998?7??????，??????????，?????????，?????????????，???????????????????????. ????????????????????，???????????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　?????2004?，??????????????，??????????????????。?????? ?????，????????????????，????????????。????，???????????，????，??“??????”?????????: ?????????????????: ??????????????????: ????????????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　????? ????????、??、??、??????????????????，???????，???????，?????????????，??????????????，?????、??????????、??、???，?????????????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????，??????、????、?????????????????????????，???????????? ??。???????????，??????????，???????????，????2000?，??????????，?????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????，??????、????、?????????????????????????，???????????? ??。???????????，??????????，???????????，????2000?，??????????，??????: ???????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。?????????????????!????????????????????????????????????????????、?????????、??????、????????、????????????。??????????，???????????，??????: ????????????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　?????2004?，??????????????，??????????????????。?????? ?????，????????????????，????????????。????，????????????，????，??“????????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。?????????????????????????，????????????!?????????????????????????????????????????、???????、????、??????、??????????。??????????????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。?????????，??????????????????。?????? ?????，????????????????，????????????。????，???????????，????，??“??????”???? ?????，???????????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。?????????????????，????????。????????????????、???????。??????????????。????????????????,??????,??????,??????,??????????????，????,??????: ????????????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　????? ????????、??、??、??????????????????，???????，???????，?????????????，??????????????，?????、??????????、??、???，???????? ??????????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　????? ????????、??、??、??????????????????，???????，???????，?????????????，??????????????，?????、??????????、??、???，???????? ?????，?????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????，?????????????????????，???????????????????????!?????????????????????????????????????????????、?????????、??????、???????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　???????????????????????????,???????????,???????????????????????,???????:????,????;?????????????;??;??;????;????????;????;????????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　???????????????????????????,???????????,???????????????????????,???????:????,????;?????????????;??;??;????;????????;????;????????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　????? ????????、??、??、??????????????????，???????，???????，?????????????，??????????????，?????、??????????、??、???，???????? ??????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????，?????????????????????????，????????????!?????????????????????????????????????????、???????、????、??????、???????????????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。???????????????????????????,???????????,???????????????????????,???????:????,????;?????????????;??;??;????;????????;????;?????????: ????????????: ???????????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????，??????、????、?????????????????????????，???????????? ??。???????????，??????????，???????????，????2000?，??????????，?????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。?????????????????，????????。????????????????、???????。??????????????。????????????????,??????,??????,??????,??????????????，????,?????: ??????????: ????????????: ????????????: ??????????: ????? QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。????? ?????????，??????、????、?????????????????????????，???????????? ??。???????????，??????????，???????????，????2000?，???????????????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。????????????????????，??????????????，????，?????????????????????，??????。????????，??????????????????????。????????，????????????，??????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　???????????????????????????,???????????,???????????????????????,???????:????,????;?????????????;??;??;????;????????;????;???????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。?????????????????!????????????????????????????????????????????、?????????、??????、????????、????????????。??????????，???????????，??????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　???????????????????，????????????，???????98???????????，????，??????????，?????????. 　　?????????,????????????????，???????????，??????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。???????????????????，??????????????，????，?????????????????????，??????。??，??????????????????????。????????，????????????，??????，???????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。????????????????????，??????????????，????，?????????????????????，??????。????????，??????????????????????。????????，????????????，????????: ????????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　????????????????????，????????。????????????????、???????。??????????????。???????????????????,??????,??????,??????,??????????????????: ????????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　?????2004?，??????????????，??????????????????。?????? ?????，????????????????，????????????。????，??????????????，????，??“???????????: ???????????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????，??????、????、?????????????????????????，???????????? ??。???????????，??????????，???????????，????2000?，??????????，??????: ????????????: ??????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。????????????????????，??1998?7??????，??????????，?????????，?????????????，???????????????????????. ????????????????????，?????????????: ???????????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　??????????1998?????????。????????????，???????????????，?????????????，???????????，?2003?????????????，???????????????????????????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????????????????,??????????,???????????????????????,???????:????,????;?????????????;??;??;????;????????;????;????;???????: ????????????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　????? ????????、??、??、??????????????????，???????，???????，?????????????，??????????????，?????、??????????、??、???，??????????????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????????，????????。????????????????、???????。??????????????。?????????????????,??????,??????,??????,??????????????，????????: ????????????: ????????????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　?????2004?，??????????????，??????????????????。?????? ?????，????????????????，????????????。????，????????????，????，??“????????: ???????????: ?????????????: ???????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。????????????????，?????????????????????，?????????????????????????!???????????????????????????????????????????????、?????????、??????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。???????????????，??????、????、?????????????????????????，???????????? ??。???????????，??????????，???????????，????2000?，??????????????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????，??????、????、?????????????????????????，???????????? ??。???????????，??????????，???????????，????2000?，??????????，??????: ???????????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。???????????????????，??????????????，????，?????????????????????，??????。???????，??????????????????????。????????，????????????，?????????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????????????????，????????????!??????????????????????????????????????????、???????、????、??????、??????????。????????????????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。????????????????????，??????????????，????，?????????????????????，??????。????????，??????????????????????。????????，????????????，??????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。?????????????????????????，????????????，???????98???????????，????，??????????，?????????. 　　?????????,????????????????，??????????????: ????????????: ???????????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????????????????,??????????,???????????????????????,???????:????,????;?????????????;??;??;????;????????;????;????;???????: ????????????: ????????????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　???????????????????，????????????，???????98???????????，????，??????????，?????????. 　　?????????,????????????????，???????????，???????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。???????????????，??????、????、?????????????????????????，???????????? ??。???????????，??????????，???????????，????2000?，???????????????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。???????????????，?????????????????????，????????????????????????!??????????????????????????????????????????????、?????????、?????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????，?????????????????????????，????????????!?????????????????????????????????????????、???????、????、??????、??????????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????，?????????????????????????，????????????!?????????????????????????????????????????、???????、????、??????、???????????????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。???????????????????????????,???????????,???????????????????????,???????:????,????;?????????????;??;??;????;????????;????;????????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　????????????????????，????????。????????????????、???????。??????????????。???????????????????,??????,??????,??????,??????????????????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。　　?????????????、??、??、??????????????????，???????，???????，?????????????，??????????????，?????、??????????、??、???，?????????????，???????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????????!????????????????????????????????????????????、?????????、??????、????????、????????????。??????????，????????????????: ???????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。　　??????98???????????，???????????????????，????????????，????，??????????，?????????，?????????,????????????????，???????????，??????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????1998?????????。????????????，???????????????，?????????????，???????????，?2003?????????????，?????????????????????????????????: ????????????: ????????????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。????????????????????，??????????????，????，?????????????????????，??????。??，??????????????????????。????????，????????????，????????????: ????????????: ???????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。?????????，??????????????????。?????? ?????，????????????????，????????????。????，???????????，????，??“??????”???? ?????，???????????????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　??????????????????????????,??????????,???????????????????????,???????:????,????;?????????????;??;??;????;????????;????;????;?????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????，??????、????、?????????????????????????，???????????? ??。???????????，??????????，???????????，????2000?，??????????，??????: ??????

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Diving into OpenStack Network Architecture - Part 2 - Basic Use Cases

- by Ronen Kofman

rkofman Normal rkofman 4 138 2014-06-05T03:38:00Z 2014-06-05T05:04:00Z 3 2735 15596 Oracle Corporation 129 36 18295 12.00 Clean Clean false false false false EN-US X-NONE HE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language:AR-SA;} In the previous post we reviewed several network components including Open vSwitch, Network Namespaces, Linux Bridges and veth pairs. In this post we will take three simple use cases and see how those basic components come together to create a complete SDN solution in OpenStack. With those three use cases we will review almost the entire network setup and see how all the pieces work together. The use cases we will use are: 1. Create network – what happens when we create network and how can we create multiple isolated networks 2. Launch a VM – once we have networks we can launch VMs and connect them to networks. 3. DHCP request from a VM – OpenStack can automatically assign IP addresses to VMs. This is done through local DHCP service controlled by OpenStack Neutron. We will see how this service runs and how does a DHCP request and response look like. In this post we will show connectivity, we will see how packets get from point A to point B. We first focus on how a configured deployment looks like and only later we will discuss how and when the configuration is created. Personally I found it very valuable to see the actual interfaces and how they connect to each other through examples and hands on experiments. After the end game is clear and we know how the connectivity works, in a later post, we will take a step back and explain how Neutron configures the components to be able to provide such connectivity. We are going to get pretty technical shortly and I recommend trying these examples on your own deployment or using the Oracle OpenStack Tech Preview. Understanding these three use cases thoroughly and how to look at them will be very helpful when trying to debug a deployment in case something does not work. Use case #1: Create Network Create network is a simple operation it can be performed from the GUI or command line. When we create a network in OpenStack the network is only available to the tenant who created it or it could be defined as “shared” and then it can be used by all tenants. A network can have multiple subnets but for this demonstration purpose and for simplicity we will assume that each network has exactly one subnet. Creating a network from the command line will look like this: # neutron net-create net1 Created a new network: +---------------------------+--------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +---------------------------+--------------------------------------+ | admin_state_up | True | | id | 5f833617-6179-4797-b7c0-7d420d84040c | | name | net1 | | provider:network_type | vlan | | provider:physical_network | default | | provider:segmentation_id | 1000 | | shared | False | | status | ACTIVE | | subnets | | | tenant_id | 9796e5145ee546508939cd49ad59d51f | +---------------------------+--------------------------------------+ Creating a subnet for this network will look like this: # neutron subnet-create net1 10.10.10.0/24 Created a new subnet: +------------------+------------------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +------------------+------------------------------------------------+ | allocation_pools | {"start": "10.10.10.2", "end": "10.10.10.254"} | | cidr | 10.10.10.0/24 | | dns_nameservers | | | enable_dhcp | True | | gateway_ip | 10.10.10.1 | | host_routes | | | id | 2d7a0a58-0674-439a-ad23-d6471aaae9bc | | ip_version | 4 | | name | | | network_id | 5f833617-6179-4797-b7c0-7d420d84040c | | tenant_id | 9796e5145ee546508939cd49ad59d51f | +------------------+------------------------------------------------+ We now have a network and a subnet, on the network topology view this looks like this: Now let’s dive in and see what happened under the hood. Looking at the control node we will discover that a new namespace was created: # ip netns list qdhcp-5f833617-6179-4797-b7c0-7d420d84040c The name of the namespace is qdhcp-<network id> (see above), let’s look into the namespace and see what’s in it: # ip netns exec qdhcp-5f833617-6179-4797-b7c0-7d420d84040c ip addr 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 12: tap26c9b807-7c: <BROADCAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/ether fa:16:3e:1d:5c:81 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 10.10.10.3/24 brd 10.10.10.255 scope global tap26c9b807-7c inet6 fe80::f816:3eff:fe1d:5c81/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever We see two interfaces in the namespace, one is the loopback and the other one is an interface called “tap26c9b807-7c”. This interface has the IP address of 10.10.10.3 and it will also serve dhcp requests in a way we will see later. Let’s trace the connectivity of the “tap26c9b807-7c” interface from the namespace. First stop is OVS, we see that the interface connects to bridge “br-int” on OVS: # ovs-vsctl show 8a069c7c-ea05-4375-93e2-b9fc9e4b3ca1 Bridge "br-eth2" Port "br-eth2" Interface "br-eth2" type: internal Port "eth2" Interface "eth2" Port "phy-br-eth2" Interface "phy-br-eth2" Bridge br-ex Port br-ex Interface br-ex type: internal Bridge br-int Port "int-br-eth2" Interface "int-br-eth2" Port "tap26c9b807-7c" tag: 1 Interface "tap26c9b807-7c" type: internal Port br-int Interface br-int type: internal ovs_version: "1.11.0" In the picture above we have a veth pair which has two ends called “int-br-eth2” and "phy-br-eth2", this veth pair is used to connect two bridge in OVS "br-eth2" and "br-int". In the previous post we explained how to check the veth connectivity using the ethtool command. It shows that the two are indeed a pair: # ethtool -S int-br-eth2 NIC statistics: peer_ifindex: 10 . . #ip link . . 10: phy-br-eth2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 . . Note that “phy-br-eth2” is connected to a bridge called "br-eth2" and one of this bridge's interfaces is the physical link eth2. This means that the network which we have just created has created a namespace which is connected to the physical interface eth2. eth2 is the “VM network” the physical interface where all the virtual machines connect to where all the VMs are connected. About network isolation: OpenStack supports creation of multiple isolated networks and can use several mechanisms to isolate the networks from one another. The isolation mechanism can be VLANs, VxLANs or GRE tunnels, this is configured as part of the initial setup in our deployment we use VLANs. When using VLAN tagging as an isolation mechanism a VLAN tag is allocated by Neutron from a pre-defined VLAN tags pool and assigned to the newly created network. By provisioning VLAN tags to the networks Neutron allows creation of multiple isolated networks on the same physical link. The big difference between this and other platforms is that the user does not have to deal with allocating and managing VLANs to networks. The VLAN allocation and provisioning is handled by Neutron which keeps track of the VLAN tags, and responsible for allocating and reclaiming VLAN tags. In the example above net1 has the VLAN tag 1000, this means that whenever a VM is created and connected to this network the packets from that VM will have to be tagged with VLAN tag 1000 to go on this particular network. This is true for namespace as well, if we would like to connect a namespace to a particular network we have to make sure that the packets to and from the namespace are correctly tagged when they reach the VM network. In the example above we see that the namespace interface “tap26c9b807-7c” has vlan tag 1 assigned to it, if we examine OVS we see that it has flows which modify VLAN tag 1 to VLAN tag 1000 when a packet goes to the VM network on eth2 and vice versa. We can see this using the dump-flows command on OVS for packets going to the VM network we see the modification done on br-eth2: # ovs-ofctl dump-flows br-eth2 NXST_FLOW reply (xid=0x4): cookie=0x0, duration=18669.401s, table=0, n_packets=857, n_bytes=163350, idle_age=25, priority=4,in_port=2,dl_vlan=1 actions=mod_vlan_vid:1000,NORMAL cookie=0x0, duration=165108.226s, table=0, n_packets=14, n_bytes=1000, idle_age=5343, hard_age=65534, priority=2,in_port=2 actions=drop cookie=0x0, duration=165109.813s, table=0, n_packets=1671, n_bytes=213304, idle_age=25, hard_age=65534, priority=1 actions=NORMAL For packets coming from the interface to the namespace we see the following modification: # ovs-ofctl dump-flows br-int NXST_FLOW reply (xid=0x4): cookie=0x0, duration=18690.876s, table=0, n_packets=1610, n_bytes=210752, idle_age=1, priority=3,in_port=1,dl_vlan=1000 actions=mod_vlan_vid:1,NORMAL cookie=0x0, duration=165130.01s, table=0, n_packets=75, n_bytes=3686, idle_age=4212, hard_age=65534, priority=2,in_port=1 actions=drop cookie=0x0, duration=165131.96s, table=0, n_packets=863, n_bytes=160727, idle_age=1, hard_age=65534, priority=1 actions=NORMAL To summarize we can see that when a user creates a network Neutron creates a namespace and this namespace is connected through OVS to the “VM network”. OVS also takes care of tagging the packets from the namespace to the VM network with the correct VLAN tag and knows to modify the VLAN for packets coming from VM network to the namespace. Now let’s see what happens when a VM is launched and how it is connected to the “VM network”. Use case #2: Launch a VM Launching a VM can be done from Horizon or from the command line this is how we do it from Horizon: Attach the network: And Launch Once the virtual machine is up and running we can see the associated IP using the nova list command : # nova list +--------------------------------------+--------------+--------+------------+-------------+-----------------+ | ID | Name | Status | Task State | Power State | Networks | +--------------------------------------+--------------+--------+------------+-------------+-----------------+ | 3707ac87-4f5d-4349-b7ed-3a673f55e5e1 | Oracle Linux | ACTIVE | None | Running | net1=10.10.10.2 | +--------------------------------------+--------------+--------+------------+-------------+-----------------+ The nova list command shows us that the VM is running and that the IP 10.10.10.2 is assigned to this VM. Let’s trace the connectivity from the VM to VM network on eth2 starting with the VM definition file. The configuration files of the VM including the virtual disk(s), in case of ephemeral storage, are stored on the compute node at/var/lib/nova/instances/<instance-id>/. Looking into the VM definition file ,libvirt.xml, we see that the VM is connected to an interface called “tap53903a95-82” which is connected to a Linux bridge called “qbr53903a95-82”: <interface type="bridge"> <mac address="fa:16:3e:fe:c7:87"/> <source bridge="qbr53903a95-82"/> <target dev="tap53903a95-82"/> </interface> Looking at the bridge using the brctl show command we see this: # brctl show bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces qbr53903a95-82 8000.7e7f3282b836 no qvb53903a95-82 tap53903a95-82 The bridge has two interfaces, one connected to the VM (“tap53903a95-82 “) and another one ( “qvb53903a95-82”) connected to “br-int” bridge on OVS: # ovs-vsctl show 83c42f80-77e9-46c8-8560-7697d76de51c Bridge "br-eth2" Port "br-eth2" Interface "br-eth2" type: internal Port "eth2" Interface "eth2" Port "phy-br-eth2" Interface "phy-br-eth2" Bridge br-int Port br-int Interface br-int type: internal Port "int-br-eth2" Interface "int-br-eth2" Port "qvo53903a95-82" tag: 3 Interface "qvo53903a95-82" ovs_version: "1.11.0" As we showed earlier “br-int” is connected to “br-eth2” on OVS using the veth pair int-br-eth2,phy-br-eth2 and br-eth2 is connected to the physical interface eth2. The whole flow end to end looks like this: VM è tap53903a95-82 (virtual interface)è qbr53903a95-82 (Linux bridge) è qvb53903a95-82 (interface connected from Linux bridge to OVS bridge br-int) è int-br-eth2 (veth one end) è phy-br-eth2 (veth the other end) è eth2 physical interface. The purpose of the Linux Bridge connecting to the VM is to allow security group enforcement with iptables. Security groups are enforced at the edge point which are the interface of the VM, since iptables nnot be applied to OVS bridges we use Linux bridge to apply them. In the future we hope to see this Linux Bridge going away rules. VLAN tags: As we discussed in the first use case net1 is using VLAN tag 1000, looking at OVS above we see that qvo41f1ebcf-7c is tagged with VLAN tag 3. The modification from VLAN tag 3 to 1000 as we go to the physical network is done by OVS as part of the packet flow of br-eth2 in the same way we showed before. To summarize, when a VM is launched it is connected to the VM network through a chain of elements as described here. During the packet from VM to the network and back the VLAN tag is modified. Use case #3: Serving a DHCP request coming from the virtual machine In the previous use cases we have shown that both the namespace called dhcp-<some id> and the VM end up connecting to the physical interface eth2 on their respective nodes, both will tag their packets with VLAN tag 1000.We saw that the namespace has an interface with IP of 10.10.10.3. Since the VM and the namespace are connected to each other and have interfaces on the same subnet they can ping each other, in this picture we see a ping from the VM which was assigned 10.10.10.2 to the namespace: The fact that they are connected and can ping each other can become very handy when something doesn’t work right and we need to isolate the problem. In such case knowing that we should be able to ping from the VM to the namespace and back can be used to trace the disconnect using tcpdump or other monitoring tools. To serve DHCP requests coming from VMs on the network Neutron uses a Linux tool called “dnsmasq”,this is a lightweight DNS and DHCP service you can read more about it here. If we look at the dnsmasq on the control node with the ps command we see this: dnsmasq --no-hosts --no-resolv --strict-order --bind-interfaces --interface=tap26c9b807-7c --except-interface=lo --pid-file=/var/lib/neutron/dhcp/5f833617-6179-4797-b7c0-7d420d84040c/pid --dhcp-hostsfile=/var/lib/neutron/dhcp/5f833617-6179-4797-b7c0-7d420d84040c/host --dhcp-optsfile=/var/lib/neutron/dhcp/5f833617-6179-4797-b7c0-7d420d84040c/opts --leasefile-ro --dhcp-range=tag0,10.10.10.0,static,120s --dhcp-lease-max=256 --conf-file= --domain=openstacklocal The service connects to the tap interface in the namespace (“--interface=tap26c9b807-7c”), If we look at the hosts file we see this: # cat /var/lib/neutron/dhcp/5f833617-6179-4797-b7c0-7d420d84040c/host fa:16:3e:fe:c7:87,host-10-10-10-2.openstacklocal,10.10.10.2 If you look at the console output above you can see the MAC address fa:16:3e:fe:c7:87 which is the VM MAC. This MAC address is mapped to IP 10.10.10.2 and so when a DHCP request comes with this MAC dnsmasq will return the 10.10.10.2.If we look into the namespace at the time we initiate a DHCP request from the VM (this can be done by simply restarting the network service in the VM) we see the following: # ip netns exec qdhcp-5f833617-6179-4797-b7c0-7d420d84040c tcpdump -n 19:27:12.191280 IP 0.0.0.0.bootpc > 255.255.255.255.bootps: BOOTP/DHCP, Request from fa:16:3e:fe:c7:87, length 310 19:27:12.191666 IP 10.10.10.3.bootps > 10.10.10.2.bootpc: BOOTP/DHCP, Reply, length 325 To summarize, the DHCP service is handled by dnsmasq which is configured by Neutron to listen to the interface in the DHCP namespace. Neutron also configures dnsmasq with the combination of MAC and IP so when a DHCP request comes along it will receive the assigned IP. Summary In this post we relied on the components described in the previous post and saw how network connectivity is achieved using three simple use cases. These use cases gave a good view of the entire network stack and helped understand how an end to end connection is being made between a VM on a compute node and the DHCP namespace on the control node. One conclusion we can draw from what we saw here is that if we launch a VM and it is able to perform a DHCP request and receive a correct IP then there is reason to believe that the network is working as expected. We saw that a packet has to travel through a long list of components before reaching its destination and if it has done so successfully this means that many components are functioning properly. In the next post we will look at some more sophisticated services Neutron supports and see how they work. We will see that while there are some more components involved for the most part the concepts are the same. @RonenKofman

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IIS 7.5 , Tomcat 7 - Isapi redirector - Fail Over - sticky sessions

- by Jose Matias

I have two instances of Tomcat 7.0.8 running in the same machine (Tomcat7A and Tomcat7B) and IIS 7.5 acting as front-end load-balancer with isapi-redirector 1.2.31, running on Windows 2008 R2. When i disconnect the instance wich is handling a request i can see a new instance being assigned with the same sessionid but then the user is redirected to the login page. server.xml configuration file <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="Tomcat7A"> <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm"> <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm" resourceName="UserDatabase"/> </Realm> <Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true"> <Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster" channelSendOptions="8"> <Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager" expireSessionsOnShutdown="false" notifyListenersOnReplication="true"/> <Channel className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel"> <Membership className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService" address="228.0.0.8" bind="7.3.1.22" port="45564" frequency="500" dropTime="3000"/> <Receiver className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver" address="auto" port="4200" autoBind="100" selectorTimeout="5000" maxThreads="6"/> <Sender className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter"> <Transport className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender"/> </Sender> <Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector"/> <Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatch15Interceptor"/> </Channel> <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve" filter=".*\.gif;.*\.js;.*\.jpg;.*\.htm;.*\.html;.*\.txt"/> <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteBinderValve"/> <ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteSessionIDBinderListener"/> <ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener"/> </Cluster> <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs" prefix="localhost_access_log." suffix=".txt" pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" resolveHosts="false"/> </Host> </Engine> worker_mount_file=C:\tomcat\iis\conf\uriworkermap_prod.properties worker.list = balancer,status worker.Tomcat7B.host = 7.3.1.22 worker.Tomcat7B.type = ajp13 worker.Tomcat7B.port = 8010 worker.Tomcat7B.lbfactor = 10 worker.Tomcat7A.host = 7.3.1.22 worker.Tomcat7A.type = ajp13 worker.Tomcat7A.port = 8009 worker.Tomcat7A.lbfactor = 10 worker.balancer.type = lb worker.balancer.sticky_session = 1 worker.balancer.balance_workers = Tomcat7B, Tomcat7A worker.status.type = status isapi_redirect log [debug] wc_get_worker_for_name::jk_worker.c (116): found a worker balancer [debug] HttpExtensionProc::jk_isapi_plugin.c (2188): got a worker for name balancer [debug] service::jk_lb_worker.c (1118): service sticky_session=1 id='89569C584CC4F58740D649C4BE655D36.Tomcat7B' [debug] get_most_suitable_worker::jk_lb_worker.c (946): searching worker for partial sessionid 89569C584CC4F58740D649C4BE655D36.Tomcat7B [debug] get_most_suitable_worker::jk_lb_worker.c (954): searching worker for session route Tomcat7B [debug] get_most_suitable_worker::jk_lb_worker.c (968): found worker Tomcat7B (Tomcat7B) for route Tomcat7B and partial sessionid 89569C584CC4F58740D649C4BE655D36.Tomcat7B [debug] service::jk_lb_worker.c (1161): service worker=Tomcat7B route=Tomcat7B [debug] ajp_get_endpoint::jk_ajp_common.c (3096): acquired connection pool slot=0 after 0 retries [debug] ajp_marshal_into_msgb::jk_ajp_common.c (605): ajp marshaling done [debug] ajp_service::jk_ajp_common.c (2379): processing Tomcat7B with 2 retries [debug] jk_shutdown_socket::jk_connect.c (726): About to shutdown socket 820 [7.3.1.22:24482 -> 7.3.1.22:8010] [debug] jk_shutdown_socket::jk_connect.c (797): shutting down the read side of socket 820 [7.3.1.22:24482 -> 7.3.1.22:8010] [debug] jk_shutdown_socket::jk_connect.c (808): Shutdown socket 820 [7.3.1.22:24482 -> 7.3.1.22:8010] and read 0 lingering bytes in 0 sec. [debug] ajp_send_request::jk_ajp_common.c (1496): (Tomcat7B) failed sending request, socket 820 is not connected any more (errno=-10000) [debug] ajp_next_connection::jk_ajp_common.c (823): (Tomcat7B) Will try pooled connection socket 896 from slot 1 [debug] jk_shutdown_socket::jk_connect.c (726): About to shutdown socket 896 [7.3.1.22:24488 -> 7.3.1.22:8010] [debug] jk_shutdown_socket::jk_connect.c (797): shutting down the read side of socket 896 [7.3.1.22:24488 -> 7.3.1.22:8010] [debug] jk_shutdown_socket::jk_connect.c (808): Shutdown socket 896 [7.3.1.22:24488 -> 7.3.1.22:8010] and read 0 lingering bytes in 0 sec. [debug] ajp_send_request::jk_ajp_common.c (1496): (Tomcat7B) failed sending request, socket 896 is not connected any more (errno=-10000) [info] ajp_send_request::jk_ajp_common.c (1567): (Tomcat7B) all endpoints are disconnected, detected by connect check (2), cping (0), send (0) [debug] jk_open_socket::jk_connect.c (484): socket TCP_NODELAY set to On [debug] jk_open_socket::jk_connect.c (608): trying to connect socket 896 to 7.3.1.22:8010 [info] jk_open_socket::jk_connect.c (626): connect to 7.3.1.22:8010 failed (errno=61) [info] ajp_connect_to_endpoint::jk_ajp_common.c (959): Failed opening socket to (7.3.1.22:8010) (errno=61) [error] ajp_send_request::jk_ajp_common.c (1578): (Tomcat7B) connecting to backend failed. Tomcat is probably not started or is listening on the wrong port (errno=61) [info] ajp_service::jk_ajp_common.c (2543): (Tomcat7B) sending request to tomcat failed (recoverable), because of error during request sending (attempt=1) [debug] ajp_service::jk_ajp_common.c (2400): retry 1, sleeping for 100 ms before retrying [debug] ajp_send_request::jk_ajp_common.c (1572): (Tomcat7B) all endpoints are disconnected. [debug] jk_open_socket::jk_connect.c (484): socket TCP_NODELAY set to On [debug] jk_open_socket::jk_connect.c (608): trying to connect socket 896 to 7.3.1.22:8010 [info] jk_open_socket::jk_connect.c (626): connect to 7.3.1.22:8010 failed (errno=61) [info] ajp_connect_to_endpoint::jk_ajp_common.c (959): Failed opening socket to (7.3.1.22:8010) (errno=61) [error] ajp_send_request::jk_ajp_common.c (1578): (Tomcat7B) connecting to backend failed. Tomcat is probably not started or is listening on the wrong port (errno=61) [info] ajp_service::jk_ajp_common.c (2543): (Tomcat7B) sending request to tomcat failed (recoverable), because of error during request sending (attempt=2) [error] ajp_service::jk_ajp_common.c (2562): (Tomcat7B) connecting to tomcat failed. [debug] ajp_reset_endpoint::jk_ajp_common.c (757): (Tomcat7B) resetting endpoint with socket -1 (socket shutdown) [debug] ajp_done::jk_ajp_common.c (3013): recycling connection pool slot=0 for worker Tomcat7B [debug] service::jk_lb_worker.c (1374): worker Tomcat7B escalating local error to global error [info] service::jk_lb_worker.c (1388): service failed, worker Tomcat7B is in error state [debug] service::jk_lb_worker.c (1399): recoverable error... will try to recover on other worker [debug] get_most_suitable_worker::jk_lb_worker.c (946): searching worker for partial sessionid 89569C584CC4F58740D649C4BE655D36.Tomcat7B [debug] get_most_suitable_worker::jk_lb_worker.c (954): searching worker for session route Tomcat7B [debug] get_most_suitable_worker::jk_lb_worker.c (1001): found best worker Tomcat7A (Tomcat7A) using method 'Request' [debug] service::jk_lb_worker.c (1161): service worker=Tomcat7A route=Tomcat7B [debug] ajp_get_endpoint::jk_ajp_common.c (3096): acquired connection pool slot=0 after 0 retries [debug] ajp_marshal_into_msgb::jk_ajp_common.c (605): ajp marshaling done [debug] ajp_service::jk_ajp_common.c (2379): processing Tomcat7A with 2 retries [debug] ajp_send_request::jk_ajp_common.c (1572): (Tomcat7A) all endpoints are disconnected. [debug] jk_open_socket::jk_connect.c (484): socket TCP_NODELAY set to On [debug] jk_open_socket::jk_connect.c (608): trying to connect socket 896 to 7.3.1.22:8009 [debug] jk_open_socket::jk_connect.c (634): socket 896 [7.3.1.22:24496 -> 7.3.1.22:8009] connected [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): sending to ajp13 pos=4 len=615 max=8192 [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 0000 .4.c....HTTP/1.1 [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 0010 .../Accounter/pr [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 0020 intFrameSet.jhtm [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 0030 l...::1...::1... [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 0040 localhost..P.... [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 0050 ...Keep-Alive... [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 0060 ..0....rimage/jp [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 0070 eg,.image/gif,.i [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 0080 mage/pjpeg,.appl [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 0090 ication/x-ms-app [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 00a0 lication,.applic [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 00b0 ation/xaml+xml,. [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 00c0 application/x-ms [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 00d0 -xbap,.*/*...Acc [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 00e0 ept-Encoding...g [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 00f0 zip,.deflate...A [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 0100 ccept-Language.. [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 0110 .nb-NO....]Usern [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 0120 ame=NA_jose.mati [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 0130 as_AT_addenergy. [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 0140 no;.JSESSIONID=8 [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 0150 9569C584CC4F5874 [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 0160 0D649C4BE655D36. [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 0170 Tomcat7B.....loc [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 0180 alhost.....http: [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 0190 //localhost/Acco [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 01a0 unter/NemsAccoun [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 01b0 ter.jhtml....uMo [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 01c0 zilla/4.0.(compa [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 01d0 tible;.MSIE.8.0; [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 01e0 .Windows.NT.6.1; [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 01f0 .WOW64;.Trident/ [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 0200 4.0;.SLCC2;..NET [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 0210 .CLR.2.0.50727;. [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 0220 .NET4.0C;..NET4. [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 0230 0E)............F [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 0240 rameName=Reports [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 0250 _CS_EUETS....Tom [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 0260 cat7B........... [debug] ajp_send_request::jk_ajp_common.c (1632): (Tomcat7A) request body to send 0 - request body to resend 0 [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_get_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1329): received from ajp13 pos=0 len=238 max=8192 [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_get_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1329): 0000 .....Moved.Tempo [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_get_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1329): 0010 rarily......OJSE [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_get_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1329): 0020 SSIONID=6A2507A4 [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_get_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1329): 0030 626F698EC74A733C [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_get_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1329): 0040 DBA7D9FE.Tomcat7 [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_get_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1329): 0050 A;.Path=/Account [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_get_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1329): 0060 er;.HttpOnly...P [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_get_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1329): 0070 ragma...no-cache [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_get_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1329): 0080 ...Cache-Control [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_get_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1329): 0090 ...no-cache....& [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_get_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1329): 00a0 http://localhost [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_get_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1329): 00b0 /Accounter/login [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_get_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1329): 00c0 .jhtml.....text/ [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_get_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1329): 00d0 html;charset=ISO [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_get_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1329): 00e0 -8859-1.....0... [debug] ajp_unmarshal_response::jk_ajp_common.c (660): status = 302 [debug] ajp_unmarshal_response::jk_ajp_common.c (667): Number of headers is = 6 [debug] ajp_unmarshal_response::jk_ajp_common.c (723): Header[0] [Set-Cookie] = [JSESSIONID=6A2507A4626F698EC74A733CDBA7D9FE.Tomcat7A; Path=/Accounter; HttpOnly] [debug] ajp_unmarshal_response::jk_ajp_common.c (723): Header[1] [Pragma] = [no-cache] [debug] ajp_unmarshal_response::jk_ajp_common.c (723): Header[2] [Cache-Control] = [no-cache] [debug] ajp_unmarshal_response::jk_ajp_common.c (723): Header[3] [Location] = [http://localhost/Accounter/login.jhtml] [debug] ajp_unmarshal_response::jk_ajp_common.c (723): Header[4] [Content-Type] = [text/html;charset=ISO-8859-1] [debug] ajp_unmarshal_response::jk_ajp_common.c (723): Header[5] [Content-Length] = [0] [debug] start_response::jk_isapi_plugin.c (963): Starting response for URI '/Accounter/printFrameSet.jhtml' (protocol HTTP/1.1) [debug] start_response::jk_isapi_plugin.c (1063): Not using Keep-Alive [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_get_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1329): received from ajp13 pos=0 len=2 max=8192 [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_get_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1329): 0000 ................ [debug] ajp_process_callback::jk_ajp_common.c (1943): AJP13 protocol: Reuse is OK [debug] ajp_reset_endpoint::jk_ajp_common.c (757): (Tomcat7A) resetting endpoint with socket 896 [debug] ajp_done::jk_ajp_common.c (3013): recycling connection pool slot=0 for worker Tomcat7A [debug] HttpExtensionProc::jk_isapi_plugin.c (2211): service() returned OK [debug] HttpFilterProc::jk_isapi_plugin.c (1851): Filter started [debug] map_uri_to_worker_ext::jk_uri_worker_map.c (1036): Attempting to map URI '/localhost/Accounter/login.jhtml' from 8 maps [debug] find_match::jk_uri_worker_map.c (850): Attempting to map context URI '/Accounter/servlet/*=balancer' source 'uriworkermap' [debug] find_match::jk_uri_worker_map.c (850): Attempting to map context URI '/Accounter/ws/*=balancer' source 'uriworkermap' [debug] find_match::jk_uri_worker_map.c (850): Attempting to map context URI '/Accounter/nems*.pdf=balancer' source 'uriworkermap' [debug] find_match::jk_uri_worker_map.c (850): Attempting to map context URI '/Accounter/*.service=balancer' source 'uriworkermap' [debug] find_match::jk_uri_worker_map.c (850): Attempting to map context URI '/Accounter/*.jhtml=balancer' source 'uriworkermap' [debug] find_match::jk_uri_worker_map.c (850): Attempting to map context URI '/Accounter/*.json=balancer' source 'uriworkermap' [debug] find_match::jk_uri_worker_map.c (850): Attempting to map context URI '/jkmanager=status' source 'uriworkermap' [debug] find_match::jk_uri_worker_map.c (850): Attempting to map context URI '/Accounter/servlet/*=balancer' source 'uriworkermap' [debug] find_match::jk_uri_worker_map.c (850): Attempting to map context URI '/Accounter/ws/*=balancer' source 'uriworkermap' [debug] find_match::jk_uri_worker_map.c (850): Attempting to map context URI '/Accounter/nems*.pdf=balancer' source 'uriworkermap' [debug] find_match::jk_uri_worker_map.c (850): Attempting to map context URI '/Accounter/*.service=balancer' source 'uriworkermap' [debug] find_match::jk_uri_worker_map.c (850): Attempting to map context URI '/Accounter/*.jhtml=balancer' source 'uriworkermap' [debug] find_match::jk_uri_worker_map.c (863): Found a wildchar match '/Accounter/*.jhtml=balancer' [debug] HttpFilterProc::jk_isapi_plugin.c (1938): check if [/Accounter/login.jhtml] points to the web-inf directory [debug] HttpFilterProc::jk_isapi_plugin.c (1954): [/Accounter/login.jhtml] is a servlet url - should redirect to balancer [debug] HttpFilterProc::jk_isapi_plugin.c (1994): fowarding escaped URI [/Accounter/login.jhtml] [debug] init_ws_service::jk_isapi_plugin.c (2982): Reading extension header HTTP_TOMCATWORKER0000000180000000: balancer [debug] init_ws_service::jk_isapi_plugin.c (2983): Reading extension header HTTP_TOMCATWORKERIDX0000000180000000: 5 [debug] init_ws_service::jk_isapi_plugin.c (2984): Reading extension header HTTP_TOMCATURI0000000180000000: /Accounter/login.jhtml [debug] init_ws_service::jk_isapi_plugin.c (2985): Reading extension header HTTP_TOMCATQUERY0000000180000000: (null) [debug] init_ws_service::jk_isapi_plugin.c (3040): Applying service extensions [debug] init_ws_service::jk_isapi_plugin.c (3298): Service protocol=HTTP/1.1 method=GET host=::1 addr=::1 name=localhost port=80 auth= user= uri=/Accounter/login.jhtml [debug] init_ws_service::jk_isapi_plugin.c (3310): Service request headers=9 attributes=0 chunked=no content-length=0 available=0 [debug] wc_get_worker_for_name::jk_worker.c (116): found a worker balancer [debug] HttpExtensionProc::jk_isapi_plugin.c (2188): got a worker for name balancer [debug] service::jk_lb_worker.c (1118): service sticky_session=1 id='6A2507A4626F698EC74A733CDBA7D9FE.Tomcat7A' [debug] get_most_suitable_worker::jk_lb_worker.c (946): searching worker for partial sessionid 6A2507A4626F698EC74A733CDBA7D9FE.Tomcat7A [debug] get_most_suitable_worker::jk_lb_worker.c (954): searching worker for session route Tomcat7A [debug] get_most_suitable_worker::jk_lb_worker.c (968): found worker Tomcat7A (Tomcat7A) for route Tomcat7A and partial sessionid 6A2507A4626F698EC74A733CDBA7D9FE.Tomcat7A [debug] service::jk_lb_worker.c (1161): service worker=Tomcat7A route=Tomcat7A [debug] ajp_get_endpoint::jk_ajp_common.c (3096): acquired connection pool slot=0 after 0 retries [debug] ajp_marshal_into_msgb::jk_ajp_common.c (605): ajp marshaling done [debug] ajp_service::jk_ajp_common.c (2379): processing Tomcat7A with 2 retries [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): sending to ajp13 pos=4 len=577 max=8192 [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 0000 .4.=....HTTP/1.1 [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 0010 .../Accounter/lo [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 0020 gin.jhtml...::1. [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 0030 ..::1...localhos [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 0040 t..P.......Keep- [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 0050 Alive.....0....r [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 0060 image/jpeg,.imag [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 0070 e/gif,.image/pjp [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 0080 eg,.application/ [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 0090 x-ms-application [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 00a0 ,.application/xa [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 00b0 ml+xml,.applicat [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 00c0 ion/x-ms-xbap,.* [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 00d0 /*...Accept-Enco [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 00e0 ding...gzip,.def [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 00f0 late...Accept-La [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 0100 nguage...nb-NO.. [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 0110 ..]Username=NA_j [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 0120 ose.matias_AT_ad [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 0130 denergy.no;.JSES [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 0140 SIONID=6A2507A46 [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 0150 26F698EC74A733CD [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 0160 BA7D9FE.Tomcat7A [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 0170 .....localhost.. [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 0180 ...http://localh [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 0190 ost/Accounter/Ne [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 01a0 msAccounter.jhtm [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 01b0 l....uMozilla/4. [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 01c0 0.(compatible;.M [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 01d0 SIE.8.0;.Windows [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 01f0 Trident/4.0;.SLC [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 01e0 .NT.6.1;.WOW64;. [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 0200 C2;..NET.CLR.2.0 [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 0210 .50727;..NET4.0C [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 0220 ;..NET4.0E)..... [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 0230 .......Tomcat7A. [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_send_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1145): 0240 ................ [debug] ajp_send_request::jk_ajp_common.c (1621): (Tomcat7A) Statistics about invalid connections: connect check (0), cping (0), send (0) [debug] ajp_send_request::jk_ajp_common.c (1632): (Tomcat7A) request body to send 0 - request body to resend 0 [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_get_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1329): received from ajp13 pos=0 len=135 max=8192 [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_get_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1329): 0000 .....OK.....Prag [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_get_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1329): 0010 ma...no-cache... [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_get_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1329): 0020 Expires...Thu,.0 [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_get_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1329): 0030 1.Jan.1970.00:00 [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_get_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1329): 0040 :00.GMT...Cache- [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_get_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1329): 0050 Control...no-cac [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_get_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1329): 0060 he...Cache-Contr [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_get_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1329): 0070 ol...no-store... [debug] ajp_connection_tcp_get_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1329): 0080 ..2995..........

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unexplainable packet drops with 5 ethernet NICs and low traffic on Ubuntu

- by jon

I'm stuck on problem where my machine started to drops packets with no sign of ANY system load or high interrupt usage after an upgrade to Ubuntu 12.04. My server is a network monitoring sensor, running Ubuntu LTS 12.04, it passively collects packets from 5 interfaces doing network intrusion type stuff. Before the upgrade I managed to collect 200+GB of packets a day while writing them to disk with around 0% packet loss depending on the day with the help of CPU affinity and NIC IRQ to CPU bindings. Now I lose a great deal of packets with none of my applications running and at very low PPS rate which a modern workstation NIC would have no trouble with. Specs: x64 Xeon 4 cores 3.2 Ghz 16 GB RAM NICs: 5 Intel Pro NICs using the e1000 driver (NAPI). [1] eth0 and eth1 are integrated NICs (in the motherboard) There are 2 other PCI-X network cards, each with 2 Ethernet ports. 3 of the interfaces are running at Gigabit Ethernet, the others are not because they're attached to hubs. Specs: [2] http://support.dell.com/support/edocs/systems/pe2850/en/ug/t1390aa.htm uptime 17:36:00 up 1:43, 2 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05 # uname -a Linux nms 3.2.0-29-generic #46-Ubuntu SMP Fri Jul 27 17:03:23 UTC 2012 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux I also have the CPU governor set to performance mode and irqbalance off. The problem still occurs with them on. # lspci -t -vv -[0000:00]-+-00.0 Intel Corporation E7520 Memory Controller Hub +-02.0-[01-03]--+-00.0-[02]----0e.0 Dell PowerEdge Expandable RAID controller 4 | \-00.2-[03]-- +-04.0-[04]-- +-05.0-[05-07]--+-00.0-[06]----07.0 Intel Corporation 82541GI Gigabit Ethernet Controller | \-00.2-[07]----08.0 Intel Corporation 82541GI Gigabit Ethernet Controller +-06.0-[08-0a]--+-00.0-[09]--+-04.0 Intel Corporation 82546EB Gigabit Ethernet Controller (Copper) | | \-04.1 Intel Corporation 82546EB Gigabit Ethernet Controller (Copper) | \-00.2-[0a]--+-02.0 Digium, Inc. Wildcard TE210P/TE212P dual-span T1/E1/J1 card 3.3V | +-03.0 Intel Corporation 82546EB Gigabit Ethernet Controller (Copper) | \-03.1 Intel Corporation 82546EB Gigabit Ethernet Controller (Copper) +-1d.0 Intel Corporation 82801EB/ER (ICH5/ICH5R) USB UHCI Controller #1 +-1d.1 Intel Corporation 82801EB/ER (ICH5/ICH5R) USB UHCI Controller #2 +-1d.2 Intel Corporation 82801EB/ER (ICH5/ICH5R) USB UHCI Controller #3 +-1d.7 Intel Corporation 82801EB/ER (ICH5/ICH5R) USB2 EHCI Controller +-1e.0-[0b]----0d.0 Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] nee ATI RV100 QY [Radeon 7000/VE] +-1f.0 Intel Corporation 82801EB/ER (ICH5/ICH5R) LPC Interface Bridge \-1f.1 Intel Corporation 82801EB/ER (ICH5/ICH5R) IDE Controller I believe the NIC nor the NIC drivers are dropping the packets because ethtool reports 0 under rx_missed_errors and rx_no_buffer_count for each interface. On the old system, if it couldn't keep up this is where the drops would be. I drop packets on multiple interfaces just about every second, usually in small increments of 2-4. I tried all these sysctl values, I'm currently using the uncommented ones. # cat /etc/sysctl.conf # high net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 3000000 net.core.rmem_max = 16000000 net.core.rmem_default = 8000000 # defaults #net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 1000 #net.core.rmem_max = 131071 #net.core.rmem_default = 163480 # moderate #net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 10000 #net.core.rmem_max = 33554432 #net.core.rmem_default = 33554432 Here's an example of an interface stats report with ethtool. They are all the same, nothing is out of the ordinary ( I think ), so I'm only going to show one: ethtool -S eth2 NIC statistics: rx_packets: 7498 tx_packets: 0 rx_bytes: 2722585 tx_bytes: 0 rx_broadcast: 327 tx_broadcast: 0 rx_multicast: 1504 tx_multicast: 0 rx_errors: 0 tx_errors: 0 tx_dropped: 0 multicast: 1504 collisions: 0 rx_length_errors: 0 rx_over_errors: 0 rx_crc_errors: 0 rx_frame_errors: 0 rx_no_buffer_count: 0 rx_missed_errors: 0 tx_aborted_errors: 0 tx_carrier_errors: 0 tx_fifo_errors: 0 tx_heartbeat_errors: 0 tx_window_errors: 0 tx_abort_late_coll: 0 tx_deferred_ok: 0 tx_single_coll_ok: 0 tx_multi_coll_ok: 0 tx_timeout_count: 0 tx_restart_queue: 0 rx_long_length_errors: 0 rx_short_length_errors: 0 rx_align_errors: 0 tx_tcp_seg_good: 0 tx_tcp_seg_failed: 0 rx_flow_control_xon: 0 rx_flow_control_xoff: 0 tx_flow_control_xon: 0 tx_flow_control_xoff: 0 rx_long_byte_count: 2722585 rx_csum_offload_good: 0 rx_csum_offload_errors: 0 alloc_rx_buff_failed: 0 tx_smbus: 0 rx_smbus: 0 dropped_smbus: 01 # ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:11:43:e0:e2:8c UP BROADCAST RUNNING NOARP PROMISC ALLMULTI MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:373348 errors:16 dropped:95 overruns:0 frame:16 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:356830572 (356.8 MB) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:11:43:e0:e2:8d UP BROADCAST RUNNING NOARP PROMISC ALLMULTI MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:13616 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:8690528 (8.6 MB) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) eth2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:04:23:e1:77:6a UP BROADCAST RUNNING NOARP PROMISC ALLMULTI MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:7750 errors:0 dropped:471 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:2780935 (2.7 MB) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) eth3 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:04:23:e1:77:6b UP BROADCAST RUNNING NOARP PROMISC ALLMULTI MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:5112 errors:0 dropped:206 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:639472 (639.4 KB) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) eth4 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:04:23:b6:35:6c UP BROADCAST RUNNING NOARP PROMISC ALLMULTI MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:961467 errors:0 dropped:935 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:958561305 (958.5 MB) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) eth5 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:04:23:b6:35:6d inet addr:192.168.1.6 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:4264 errors:0 dropped:16 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:699 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:572228 (572.2 KB) TX bytes:124456 (124.4 KB) I tried the defaults, then started to play around with settings. I wasn't using any flow control and I increased the RxDescriptor count to 4096 before the upgrade as well without any problems. # cat /etc/modprobe.d/e1000.conf options e1000 XsumRX=0,0,0,0,0 RxDescriptors=4096,4096,4096,4096,4096 FlowControl=0,0,0,0,0 debug=16 Here's my network configuration file, I turned off checksumming and various offloading mechanisms along with setting CPU affinity with heavy use interfaces getting an entire CPU and light use interfaces sharing a CPU. I used these settings prior to the upgrade without problems. # cat /etc/network/interfaces # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback # The primary network interface auto eth0 iface eth0 inet manual pre-up /sbin/ethtool -G eth0 rx 4096 tx 0 pre-up /sbin/ethtool -K eth0 gro off gso off rx off pre-up /sbin/ethtool -A eth0 rx off autoneg off up ifconfig eth0 0.0.0.0 -arp promisc mtu 1500 allmulti txqueuelen 0 up post-up echo "4" > /proc/irq/48/smp_affinity down ifconfig eth0 down post-down /sbin/ethtool -G eth0 rx 256 tx 256 post-down /sbin/ethtool -K eth0 gro on gso on rx on post-down /sbin/ethtool -A eth0 rx on autoneg on auto eth1 iface eth1 inet manual pre-up /sbin/ethtool -G eth1 rx 4096 tx 0 pre-up /sbin/ethtool -K eth1 gro off gso off rx off pre-up /sbin/ethtool -A eth1 rx off autoneg off up ifconfig eth1 0.0.0.0 -arp promisc mtu 1500 allmulti txqueuelen 0 up post-up echo "4" > /proc/irq/49/smp_affinity down ifconfig eth1 down post-down /sbin/ethtool -G eth1 rx 256 tx 256 post-down /sbin/ethtool -K eth1 gro on gso on rx on post-down /sbin/ethtool -A eth1 rx on autoneg on auto eth2 iface eth2 inet manual pre-up /sbin/ethtool -G eth2 rx 4096 tx 0 pre-up /sbin/ethtool -K eth2 gro off gso off rx off pre-up /sbin/ethtool -A eth2 rx off autoneg off up ifconfig eth2 0.0.0.0 -arp promisc mtu 1500 allmulti txqueuelen 0 up post-up echo "1" > /proc/irq/82/smp_affinity down ifconfig eth2 down post-down /sbin/ethtool -G eth2 rx 256 tx 256 post-down /sbin/ethtool -K eth2 gro on gso on rx on post-down /sbin/ethtool -A eth2 rx on autoneg on auto eth3 iface eth3 inet manual pre-up /sbin/ethtool -G eth3 rx 4096 tx 0 pre-up /sbin/ethtool -K eth3 gro off gso off rx off pre-up /sbin/ethtool -A eth3 rx off autoneg off up ifconfig eth3 0.0.0.0 -arp promisc mtu 1500 allmulti txqueuelen 0 up post-up echo "2" > /proc/irq/83/smp_affinity down ifconfig eth3 down post-down /sbin/ethtool -G eth3 rx 256 tx 256 post-down /sbin/ethtool -K eth3 gro on gso on rx on post-down /sbin/ethtool -A eth3 rx on autoneg on auto eth4 iface eth4 inet manual pre-up /sbin/ethtool -G eth4 rx 4096 tx 0 pre-up /sbin/ethtool -K eth4 gro off gso off rx off pre-up /sbin/ethtool -A eth4 rx off autoneg off up ifconfig eth4 0.0.0.0 -arp promisc mtu 1500 allmulti txqueuelen 0 up post-up echo "4" > /proc/irq/77/smp_affinity down ifconfig eth4 down post-down /sbin/ethtool -G eth4 rx 256 tx 256 post-down /sbin/ethtool -K eth4 gro on gso on rx on post-down /sbin/ethtool -A eth4 rx on autoneg on auto eth5 iface eth5 inet static pre-up /etc/fw.conf address 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255 gateway 192.168.1.1 dns-nameservers 192.168.1.2 192.168.1.3 up ifconfig eth5 up post-up echo "8" > /proc/irq/77/smp_affinity down ifconfig eth5 down Here's a few examples of packet drops, i ran one after another, probabling totaling 3 or 4 seconds. You can see increases in the drops from the 1st and 3rd. This was a non-busy time, very little traffic. # awk '{ print $1,$5 }' /proc/net/dev Inter-| face drop eth3: 225 lo: 0 eth2: 505 eth1: 0 eth5: 17 eth0: 105 eth4: 1034 # awk '{ print $1,$5 }' /proc/net/dev Inter-| face drop eth3: 225 lo: 0 eth2: 507 eth1: 0 eth5: 17 eth0: 105 eth4: 1034 # awk '{ print $1,$5 }' /proc/net/dev Inter-| face drop eth3: 227 lo: 0 eth2: 512 eth1: 0 eth5: 17 eth0: 105 eth4: 1039 I tried the pci=noacpi options. With and without, it's the same. This is what my interrupt stats looked like before the upgrade, after, with ACPI on PCI it showed multiple NICs bound to an interrupt and shared with other devices such as USB drives which I didn't like so I think i'm going to keep it with ACPI off as it's easier to designate sole purpose interrupts. Is there any advantage I would have using the default i.e. ACPI w/ PCI. ? # cat /etc/default/grub | grep CMD_LINE GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="ipv6.disable=1 noacpi pci=noacpi" GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="" # cat /proc/interrupts CPU0 CPU1 CPU2 CPU3 0: 45 0 0 16 IO-APIC-edge timer 1: 1 0 0 7936 IO-APIC-edge i8042 2: 0 0 0 0 XT-PIC-XT-PIC cascade 6: 0 0 0 3 IO-APIC-edge floppy 8: 0 0 0 1 IO-APIC-edge rtc0 9: 0 0 0 0 IO-APIC-edge acpi 12: 0 0 0 1809 IO-APIC-edge i8042 14: 1 0 0 4498 IO-APIC-edge ata_piix 15: 0 0 0 0 IO-APIC-edge ata_piix 16: 0 0 0 0 IO-APIC-fasteoi uhci_hcd:usb2 18: 0 0 0 1350 IO-APIC-fasteoi uhci_hcd:usb4, radeon 19: 0 0 0 0 IO-APIC-fasteoi uhci_hcd:usb3 23: 0 0 0 4099 IO-APIC-fasteoi ehci_hcd:usb1 38: 0 0 0 61963 IO-APIC-fasteoi megaraid 48: 0 0 1002319 4 IO-APIC-fasteoi eth0 49: 0 0 38772 3 IO-APIC-fasteoi eth1 77: 0 0 130076 432159 IO-APIC-fasteoi eth4 78: 0 0 0 23917 IO-APIC-fasteoi eth5 82: 1329033 0 0 4 IO-APIC-fasteoi eth2 83: 0 4886525 0 6 IO-APIC-fasteoi eth3 NMI: 5 6 4 5 Non-maskable interrupts LOC: 61409 57076 64257 114764 Local timer interrupts SPU: 0 0 0 0 Spurious interrupts IWI: 0 0 0 0 IRQ work interrupts RES: 17956 25333 13436 14789 Rescheduling interrupts CAL: 22436 607 539 478 Function call interrupts TLB: 1525 1458 4600 4151 TLB shootdowns TRM: 0 0 0 0 Thermal event interrupts THR: 0 0 0 0 Threshold APIC interrupts MCE: 0 0 0 0 Machine check exceptions MCP: 16 16 16 16 Machine check polls ERR: 0 MIS: 0 Here's sample output of vmstat, showing the system. Barebones system right now. root@nms:~# vmstat -S m 1 procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ----cpu---- r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa 0 0 0 14992 192 1029 0 0 56 2 419 29 1 0 99 0 0 0 0 14992 192 1029 0 0 0 0 922 27 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 14991 192 1029 0 0 0 36 763 50 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 14991 192 1029 0 0 0 0 646 35 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 14991 192 1029 0 0 0 0 722 54 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 14991 192 1029 0 0 0 0 793 27 0 0 100 0 ^C Here's dmesg output. I can't figure out why my PCI-X slots are negotiated as PCI. The network cards are all PCI-X with the exception of the integrated NICs that came with the server. In the output below it looks as if eth3 and eth2 negotiated at PCI-X speeds rather than PCI:66Mhz. Wouldn't they all drop to PCI:66Mhz? If your integrated NICs are PCI, as labeled below (eth0,eth1), then wouldn't all devices on your bus speed drop down to that slower bus speed? If not, I still don't know why only one of my NICs ( each has two ethernet ports) is labeled as PCI-X in the output below. Does that mean it is running at PCI-X speeds are is it showing that it's capable? # dmesg | grep e1000 [ 3678.349337] e1000: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Driver - version 7.3.21-k8-NAPI [ 3678.349342] e1000: Copyright (c) 1999-2006 Intel Corporation. [ 3678.349394] e1000 0000:06:07.0: PCI->APIC IRQ transform: INT A -> IRQ 48 [ 3678.409725] e1000 0000:06:07.0: Receive Descriptors set to 4096 [ 3678.409730] e1000 0000:06:07.0: Checksum Offload Disabled [ 3678.409734] e1000 0000:06:07.0: Flow Control Disabled [ 3678.586409] e1000 0000:06:07.0: eth0: (PCI:66MHz:32-bit) 00:11:43:e0:e2:8c [ 3678.586419] e1000 0000:06:07.0: eth0: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Connection [ 3678.586642] e1000 0000:07:08.0: PCI->APIC IRQ transform: INT A -> IRQ 49 [ 3678.649854] e1000 0000:07:08.0: Receive Descriptors set to 4096 [ 3678.649859] e1000 0000:07:08.0: Checksum Offload Disabled [ 3678.649863] e1000 0000:07:08.0: Flow Control Disabled [ 3678.826436] e1000 0000:07:08.0: eth1: (PCI:66MHz:32-bit) 00:11:43:e0:e2:8d [ 3678.826444] e1000 0000:07:08.0: eth1: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Connection [ 3678.826627] e1000 0000:09:04.0: PCI->APIC IRQ transform: INT A -> IRQ 82 [ 3679.093266] e1000 0000:09:04.0: Receive Descriptors set to 4096 [ 3679.093271] e1000 0000:09:04.0: Checksum Offload Disabled [ 3679.093275] e1000 0000:09:04.0: Flow Control Disabled [ 3679.130239] e1000 0000:09:04.0: eth2: (PCI-X:133MHz:64-bit) 00:04:23:e1:77:6a [ 3679.130246] e1000 0000:09:04.0: eth2: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Connection [ 3679.130449] e1000 0000:09:04.1: PCI->APIC IRQ transform: INT B -> IRQ 83 [ 3679.397312] e1000 0000:09:04.1: Receive Descriptors set to 4096 [ 3679.397318] e1000 0000:09:04.1: Checksum Offload Disabled [ 3679.397321] e1000 0000:09:04.1: Flow Control Disabled [ 3679.434350] e1000 0000:09:04.1: eth3: (PCI-X:133MHz:64-bit) 00:04:23:e1:77:6b [ 3679.434360] e1000 0000:09:04.1: eth3: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Connection [ 3679.434553] e1000 0000:0a:03.0: PCI->APIC IRQ transform: INT A -> IRQ 77 [ 3679.704072] e1000 0000:0a:03.0: Receive Descriptors set to 4096 [ 3679.704077] e1000 0000:0a:03.0: Checksum Offload Disabled [ 3679.704081] e1000 0000:0a:03.0: Flow Control Disabled [ 3679.738364] e1000 0000:0a:03.0: eth4: (PCI:33MHz:64-bit) 00:04:23:b6:35:6c [ 3679.738371] e1000 0000:0a:03.0: eth4: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Connection [ 3679.738538] e1000 0000:0a:03.1: PCI->APIC IRQ transform: INT B -> IRQ 78 [ 3680.046060] e1000 0000:0a:03.1: eth5: (PCI:33MHz:64-bit) 00:04:23:b6:35:6d [ 3680.046067] e1000 0000:0a:03.1: eth5: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Connection [ 3682.132415] e1000: eth0 NIC Link is Up 100 Mbps Half Duplex, Flow Control: None [ 3682.224423] e1000: eth1 NIC Link is Up 100 Mbps Half Duplex, Flow Control: None [ 3682.316385] e1000: eth2 NIC Link is Up 100 Mbps Half Duplex, Flow Control: None [ 3682.408391] e1000: eth3 NIC Link is Up 1000 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: None [ 3682.500396] e1000: eth4 NIC Link is Up 1000 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: None [ 3682.708401] e1000: eth5 NIC Link is Up 1000 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: RX At first I thought it was the NIC drivers but I'm not so sure. I really have no idea where else to look at the moment. Any help is greatly appreciated as I'm struggling with this. If you need more information just ask. Thanks! [1]http://www.cs.fsu.edu/~baker/devices/lxr/http/source/linux/Documentation/networking/e1000.txt?v=2.6.11.8 [2] http://support.dell.com/support/edocs/systems/pe2850/en/ug/t1390aa.htm

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