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• I think I don't understand git branches

  - by Hans

  Salutations everyone, I have been working on a bash script as a small summer project to learn more about UNIX scripting and on using git. This has been the first time that I have used branches in git, normally I just stick to master. I was viewing the git log with the graph (git log --graph) when I noticed that my 'develop' branch seemed to have merged with 'master'. Something like this: master ----1--------3----4----5----6----HEAD develop \---2---/ but commits 3 onwards were done within the develop branch. Doing git checkout master and git checkout develop showed this to be true. What exactly is going on? Is this what is known as fast-forwarding? P.S.: Commits 1 and 2 are also a mystery to me being that commit 2 is actually an amendment of commit 1 (as far I thought, I used this advice)

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• List tags with commits in the same format like git branch -v

  - by NickSoft

  Hi I would like to list tags like it's listed by: # git branch -v * devel e7f5e36 firxed bugs master 63e9c56 remove unused code without the * (you can't checkout tag). It would be good to have an option to list full or short SHA1. A bash script is also fine, but it would be nice to use git commands more and shell scripting less. I've read this question Git - how to tell which commit a tag points to and it helped me, but it's not all I want. Edit: I didn't know that annotated tags had SHA1. I wanted SHA1 of commits that tag points to, not the tags themselfs.

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• Which language should I learn to create a sudoku game?

  - by Brandan

  I'd like to learn a new programming language, something besides all the scripting languages I've used for the past many years (Ruby, JavaScript, Perl, PHP, bash). I figured it might be interesting to make a sudoku game since there are plenty of documented algorithms and it only requires fairly simple data structures. It might start out as either a generator or a solver of puzzles, not necessarily both and not necessarily with a GUI. My goal is primarily to learn some new programming concepts beyond MVC and UI design, secondarily for this thing to be pretty fast. Is there a language that particularly shines for these sorts of constraint satisfaction problems? Is it suited to a functional language like Haskell or a highly concurrent language like Erlang (say for solving puzzles much larger than 9 x 9)? Or is this question mostly meaningless?

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• Looking for python lib to manage remote tasks

  - by Riz

  Hi, I have server with django on it, this server runs some manage.py commands and update database. Now I need to move some of this tasks to different servers. I don't want to allow remote db access and need some tool\lib to be able to start task on remote servers by main server's command and update tasks code/add new tasks. I have ssh access to every server, all servers run under debian and all code in python. I was thiking about creating my own xmpp based solution(server sends messages to slave servers with commands to execute, like "update task", "run task"), or maybe some low-level ssh based solution where main server logs to slave servers and executes bash commands. But I would be happy to hear any advices.

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• PHP exec problem with s3-put

  - by schneck

  Hi there, I use the s3-bash-project to upload data to an S3-Bucket. My command looks like this: /mypath/s3_bash/s3-put -v -k '123456789' -s '/mypath/secret' -T '/mypath/upload/myuploadfile' '/my.bucket/mykeyname' I can run the command from the command line (Mac OS X), and it works well. Now I want to execute it from a PHP-Script: exec($command, $output); but in output, the "s3-put"-command only returns the command's help text. I log the command, and it works if I c&p it from the log the the command line, so there not a problem. It seems that PHP does not pass all the parameters to the command line, although I run escapeshellarg() over all the parameters. I'm using a local XAMPP-Test environment, safe_mode is off. Any ideas?

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• Protecting IP for scripting projects

  - by Francisco Garcia

  There are some tasks where the obvious language choice is with scripting languages: bash, Python, Ruby, Tcl... however I find it hard to protect a company IP once the product is delivered because the application is never compiled. The client will have complete access to every single line of code. Which one are the choices to protect a product IP when it is best implemented with scripting languages? (switching to a compiled language such as C++ should not be an option) I know that some interpreted languages can be compiled, but there are cases where the process can be inverted

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• Getting one line in a huge file with PHP

  - by JavaRocky

  How can i get a particular line in a 3 gig text file. The lines are delimited by \n. And i need to be able to get any line on demand. How can this be done? Only one line need be returned. And i would not like to use any system calls. Note: There is the same question elsewhere regarding how to do this in bash. I would like to compare it with the PHP equiv.

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• How to restore files that were removed by git?

  - by Ryan

  I am a git noob and git just deleted a bunch of important files. How do I get them back? I have a repo on my local machine. To get into git, I just right click my project folder and select "git bash here". This brings up the master where I do all my giting. So I had some changes to stage and I did: git add . This staged a bunch of changes. I noticed that I didn't want some of these staged so I decided that I'd try to unstage everthing. I did this: git reset --hard HEAD^ This basically deleted a bunch of files that I had made on the last commit and jumped to the commit before. How do I get those files back? If I can't do it through git is there another way?

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• Why don't hardware failures show up at the programming language level?

  - by Julian Cienfuegos

  I am wondering if anyone can give my a good answer, or at least point me in the direction of a good reference to the following question: How come I have never heard of a computer breaking in a very fundamental way? How come when I declare x to be a double it stays as a double? How come there is never a short circuit that robs it of some bytes and makes it an integer? Why do we have faith that when we initialize x to 10, there will never be a power surge that will cause it to become 11, or something similar? I think I need a better understanding of memory. Thanks, and please don't bash me over the head for such a simple/abstract question.

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• XCode Project Code Changes Not Updating 100% After Save-Build-Run

  - by Greg

  When I make code changes to my iPhone game project in XCode, and then do CMD-B + Enter, I expect the project to be saved, build and run on the simulator with the latest. What is happening though, sometimes, is that it doesn't pick up a small change I make unless I clean the project and then build. I'm a long time Java person and newish to C-based languages and it's compiler. Can someone explain to me what is cached after each build that does this and how to change my project settings to avoid having to clean everytime? Or tell me the bad news that this is part of C development? Not trying to bash it - I get compiled JSPs stuck in the working cache often in Java, too. :P

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• How do I open a terminal window with C++ in Ubuntu?

  - by Epic Jakelor

  I recently decided to start teaching myself C++ and thought a simple encryption project would be a good place to start, since it covers most of the basics (cout, cin, opening files, etc). Is there a way to have the code open a terminal window similar to the one opened when I compile and run from sublime text? I have tried this so far, but it hasn't changed anything. string cmd = "gnome-terminal-x sh-c 'ls-l; exec bash'"; system(cmd.c_str()); Essentially, I would like to be able to run the program by clicking the .exe, and have the terminal where all of the input and output goes pop up.

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• Getting rails to execute root level file edits on system files without compromising security.

  - by voxobscuro

  I'm writing a Rails 3 application that needs to be able to trigger modifications to unix system config files. I'd like to insulate the file modifications from the consumer side by running them in a background process. I've considered writing out a temp file in rails and then copying the file with a bash script but that doesn't really insulate the system. I've also considered pulling from the database manually with a cron based script and updating the configs. But what I would really like is a component that can hook into the rails environment, read out what is needed from the database, and update the config files. This process needs to be run as root because the config files mostly live in /etc/whatever. Any suggestions? Thanks!

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• How to search for a file or directory in Linux Ubuntu machine

  - by Jury A

  I created an EC2 instance (Ubuntu 64 bit) and attached a volume from a publicly available snapshot to the instance. I successfully mounted the volume. I am supposed to be able to run a script from this attached volume using the following steps as explained in the tutorial: Log in to your virtual machine. mkdir /space mount /dev/sdf1 /space cd /space ./setup-script The problem is that, when I try: ./setup-script I got the following message: -bash: ./setup-script: No such file or directory What is the problem ? How can I search for the ./setup-script in the whole machine ? I'm not very familiar with linux system. Please, help. For more details about the issue: Look at my previous post: Error when mounting drive

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• Why can't I view a directory in Linux?

  - by Thread7

  I am setting up a Linux web server running apache. I uploaded and untared my web sites files. The files in the main directory are all visible when I am SSH'd into the system. However, I am blocked from all subdirectories. If I write: # cd images Then I get the error: -bash: cd: images: Permission denied I am signed in as ec2-user. I untarred the stuff as ec2-user and I doubt there was any permissions in the tar file since I created the archive on a Windows system. The weird thing is that I am the owner of this directory. Here is a snippet of the command: ls -l drw-rw-r-- 19 ec2-user ec2-user 4096 May 4 04:09 images When I do "sudo su" and then type the command cd images everything is fine. Why do I get "Permission denied" as ec2-user if I am the owner and have rw permission?

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• Remove \r from a string in C++

  - by Werner

  Hi, in a C++ program, there is a point when it reads a string like: "NONAME_1_1\r" the \r is causing me trouble. I guess it prints or adds something like "^M". Is it right? Anyway it casues me problem, and I want to get rid of it. I can not modify the input. I wonder how could I at this point, using C++, and in the easiest way, to remove \r for this string. I know how to do it on bash but no clue on C++. Thanks.

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• How to give friend access to git repository without giving command line access?

  - by Jack Humphries

  I have some git repositories running on my server and I would like to give a friend read/write access to one. That's simple: I add him as a user, give him SSH access, and change the permissions to the repository folder. Everything works fine; I'm able to clone the git repository using Xcode and change things (ssh://www.example.com/repo.git). However, I do not want him to have command line access. If I recall correctly, Github does not give command line access to those who SSH in. I'm using Snow Leopard Server. Is this more of a server issue or a git issue? Do you have any idea where to begin? Setting the user's Login Shell to none (as opposed to /bin/bash) cuts off access to everything.

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• Lost all privileges since upgrading to 13.10

  - by Chris Poole

  Since upgrading to 13.10, I no longer have the 'privileges' to do the following things: Mount USB/CDROM drives Run software centre or software updater Press the GUI shut down or restart buttons Unlock my account in the 'settings - user accounts' section (padlock is greyed out) Also, when logging on as a guest user I get error messages relating to Compiz crashing with SIGSEGV and it hangs on a blank wallpaper screen. However, I still am able to use sudo in the terminal. Output of 'groups' is jenchris adm dialout cdrom sudo audio video plugdev lpadmin admin pulse pulse-access sambashare sudo usermod -U username doesn't have any effect Output of sudo dpkg-reconfigure -phigh -a acpid stop/waiting acpid start/running, process 30454 * Starting AppArmor profiles Skipping profile in /etc/apparmor.d/disable: usr.bin.firefox Skipping profile in /etc/apparmor.d/disable: usr.sbin.rsyslogd [ OK ] * Reloading AppArmor profiles Skipping profile in /etc/apparmor.d/disable: usr.bin.firefox Skipping profile in /etc/apparmor.d/disable: usr.sbin.rsyslogd [ OK ] apport stop/waiting apport start/running gpg: key 437D05B5: "Ubuntu Archive Automatic Signing Key <[email protected]>" not changed gpg: key FBB75451: "Ubuntu CD Image Automatic Signing Key <[email protected]>" not changed gpg: key C0B21F32: "Ubuntu Archive Automatic Signing Key (2012) <[email protected]>" not changed gpg: key EFE21092: "Ubuntu CD Image Automatic Signing Key (2012) <[email protected]>" not changed gpg: Total number processed: 4 gpg: unchanged: 4 atd stop/waiting atd start/running, process 1388 avahi-daemon stop/waiting avahi-daemon start/running, process 1521 Rebuilding /usr/share/applications/bamf-2.index... update-alternatives: using /usr/share/man/man7/bash-builtins.7.gz to provide /usr/share/man/man7/builtins.7.gz (builtins.7.gz) in auto mode update-binfmts: warning: current package is openjdk-7, but binary format already installed by openjdk-6 binfmt-support stop/waiting bluetooth stop/waiting bluetooth start/running, process 4255 update-initramfs: deferring update (trigger activated) /var/lib/dpkg/info/compiz.config: 1: /var/lib/dpkg/info/compiz.config: [general]: not found /var/lib/dpkg/info/compiz.config: 2: /var/lib/dpkg/info/compiz.config: backend: not found /var/lib/dpkg/info/compiz.config: 3: /var/lib/dpkg/info/compiz.config: plugin_list_autosort: not found /var/lib/dpkg/info/compiz.config: 5: /var/lib/dpkg/info/compiz.config: [gnome_session]: not found /var/lib/dpkg/info/compiz.config: 6: /var/lib/dpkg/info/compiz.config: backend: not found /var/lib/dpkg/info/compiz.config: 7: /var/lib/dpkg/info/compiz.config: integration: not found /var/lib/dpkg/info/compiz.config: 8: /var/lib/dpkg/info/compiz.config: plugin_list_autosort: not found /var/lib/dpkg/info/compiz.config: 9: /var/lib/dpkg/info/compiz.config: profile: not found /var/lib/dpkg/info/compiz.config: 11: /var/lib/dpkg/info/compiz.config: [general_ubuntu]: not found /var/lib/dpkg/info/compiz.config: 12: /var/lib/dpkg/info/compiz.config: backend: not found /var/lib/dpkg/info/compiz.config: 13: /var/lib/dpkg/info/compiz.config: integration: not found /var/lib/dpkg/info/compiz.config: 14: /var/lib/dpkg/info/compiz.config: plugin_list_autosort: not found /var/lib/dpkg/info/compiz.config: 15: /var/lib/dpkg/info/compiz.config: profile: not found

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• How to (un)dock IBM Thinkpad X41 from X4 Dock(ing station) successfully?

  - by nutty about natty

  I'd like to start using my docking station again; however, it still doesn't work as it should, see the following bug descriptions (with special focus on Thinkpad X41 & the X4 Dock). Given that it still doesn't work (effective April 2012), my hope is fading that it will start working all of a sudden with Precise Pangolin at the end of the month. This issue is VERY important to me and I would be MOST grateful to anyone being able to sieve through the following links (some of which are actually quite recent) and translate their meaning into reliable and concrete simple (?) steps. I've read briefly about hal and udev, and can imagine that they are somewhat related to this, see links below. I don't want to fire at random. I don't want to tinker around with bash scripts if avoidable... Problem description (more or less ;-) Pressing the undock button on a "ThinkPad X4 Dock" with a ThinkPad X40 does not cause any udev events. And the lights on the dock never change to indicate it is safe to undock. and IBM Thinkpad X41 & docking station no joy :-( ... when pressing the blue undock button on the docking station: - The screen goes blank (with backlight remaining on), - with some SSD/HDD activity; - ctrl alt del causes a shut down after ... seconds, indicating that the system itself hasn't "crashed" but is still (somewhat ?) responsive. and With recent distributions, docking and undocking should function out of the box. You can monitor this by running # udevadm monitor and when you dock or press the undock button you should see a flurry of events. There are some issues though: No event on undock. - In some cases you may not get any events on undock. This is due to the ACPI dock drivers only registering the first logical Dock port they encounter and in some rare cases there may be more then one, such as on a ThinkPad X40 with ThinkPad X4 Dock. Patches are available, and are merged in 2.6.34. Now, if patches are available and merged into 2.6.34 - why isn't (un)docking simply working / fully supported in the latest version of Natty (which to my humble understanding has surpassed kernel version 2.6.34 a while ago)? More relevant links: ThinkPad X41 Docking Station issues and [HOWTO] Run scripts for laptop lid open/close and dock/undock events and finally Symptoms corrected by the latest BIOS Update - ThinkPad X41 - (Fix) USB devices connected to UltraBase X4 or ThinkPad X4 Dock may not be recognized in Boot Menu by pressing F12 during POST. Thanks!!

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• Shutdown Hangs for 5 Minutes on Kubuntu 14.04

  - by Augustinus

  I've had persistent problems with a 5 minute hang at shutdown for the last three versions of Kubuntu (13.04, 13.10, and now 14.04). I suspect this is not a KDE-specific problem. Recently, I performed a fresh installation of Kubuntu 14.04 from a live-USB, and shutdown worked normally for about a week. The hang-up is now happening again, and I can't figure out why. A brief description of the problem: The hang-up occurs with all methods of initiating a normal shutdown: Clicking the shutdown or restart button in KDE, sudo shutdown -h now, sudo reboot The shutdown splash screen appears. Using the down-arrow to access verbose messages, I see "Asking all remaining processes to terminate." This message remains for 5 minutes with no disk activity. Finally, a rapid series of messages flurries to the screen: * All processes ended within 300 seconds... [ OK ] nm-dispatcher.action: Caught signal 15, shutting down... ModemManager[852]: <warn> Could not acquire the 'org.freedesktop.ModemManager1' service name ModemManager[852]: <info> ModemManager is shut down * Deactivating swap... [ OK ] * Unmounting local filesystems... [ OK ] * Will now restart` Possible Sources of the Problem: Before the problem re-appeared, I have mainly been doing routine computing. I have kept the system up-to-date using apt-get upgrade and apt-get dist-upgrade. The only other notable incident was a power failure. I do not have the computer connected to a UPS, so the power failure resulted in an immediate shutdown. Could this have corrupted an important file which must be accessed at shutdown? Is there any way that could cause a 5-minute hang-up? Here is a list of packages that have been updated before the problem appeared: bash iotop dpkg dpkg-dev python3-software-properties libdpkg-perl software-properties-kde software-properties-common akonadi-backend-mysql libakonadiprotocolinternals1 akonadi-server firefox-locale-en firefox flashplugin-installer libqapt2 libqapt2-runtime thunderbird openjdk-7-jre-headless thunderbird-locale-en kubuntu-driver-manager qapt-deb-installer openjdk-7-jre qapt-batch icedtea-7-jre-jamvm libelf1 dpkg dpkg-dev libdpkg-perl libjbig0 gettext-base libgettextpo-dev libssl1.0.0 libgettextpo0 libasprintf-dev linux-headers-3.13.0-24 gettext libasprintf0c2 linux-headers-3.13.0-24-generic openssl linux-libc-dev gstreamer0.10-qapt kubuntu-desktop linux-image-extra-3.13.0-24-generic linux-image-3.13.0-24-generic I would appreciate any help with this.

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• Diagnosing the problem when Canon printer fails to print under Ubuntu

  - by MMA

  I understand that the issue of Canon printer under Linux has a number of posts. Actually one of these, was started by me. After inputs from others I have successfully printed using Canon LBP6000 from my Ubuntu machine for around a year. If it failed to print, restarting the daemon using this homemade script coaxed the printer to print. #!/bin/bash pkill -9 -x ccpd pkill -9 -x captmoncnabc /etc/init.d/ccpd start /etc/init.d/ccpd status Recently, I am not successful any more, or successful on a limited and sporadic basis. Sometimes it prints when turned on after logging in, sometimes when the driver is reinstalled. I keep on trying the random steps (call abracadabras) until I get success. Again, not always success comes. I frustrate on for hours only to get single page printed. I loose precious time on the issue of printing. I have read and read all the documents available over the Internet. However, if you please notice, none of the guides, articles, tutorials (these are too many to list here) seem to be dealing with diagnosing the problem when it fails to print. They tell you where to find the drivers, how to install them, or which script to run to make the installation process automatic. Yes, some of the articles or comments suggest a step to try, without any systematic order. But these fail to suggest a step based on symptoms, mostly. This morning, my Canon LBP6000 failed to print. After sometime, there was a message for system error, details of which was found to be something like this. When I search for this error (c3pldrv crashed with SIGSEGV in write ()), I find a number of articles including this one. None of these are actually helpful. Mostly, these are 'me too', 'tell me if you find anything'. Running captstatusui -P LBP6000 produced this, Yes, the printer is connected and actually turned on. I believe that there a number of frustrated Canon printer users out there like me. But there is not a step by step definitive guide to systematically diagnose a non-printing printer. Do you think that you can provide your diagnosing inputs so that a systematic document can be built? May be we will want the Ubuntu users to stay away from Canon printers. But as I believe, as a Linux user for more than fifteen years, such a scenario is not acceptable any more. May be this was acceptable in the infancy days of Linux, but not today. I am using Ubuntu 12.04, by the way, I prefer LTS versions.

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• rkhunter 1.4 different results than version before?

  - by dschinn1001

  with rkhunter version before ubuntu-update from 12.04 to 12.10 I had NOT these warnings like listed here: Performing file properties checks Checking for prerequisites [ Warning ] /usr/sbin/adduser [ Warning ] /usr/sbin/chroot [ Warning ] /usr/sbin/cron [ Warning ] /usr/sbin/groupadd [ Warning ] /usr/sbin/groupdel [ Warning ] /usr/sbin/groupmod [ Warning ] /usr/sbin/grpck [ Warning ] /usr/sbin/nologin [ Warning ] /usr/sbin/pwck [ Warning ] /usr/sbin/rsyslogd [ Warning ] /usr/sbin/tcpd [ Warning ] /usr/sbin/useradd [ Warning ] /usr/sbin/userdel [ Warning ] /usr/sbin/usermod [ Warning ] /usr/sbin/vipw [ Warning ] /usr/bin/awk [ Warning ] /usr/bin/basename [ Warning ] /usr/bin/chattr [ Warning ] /usr/bin/curl [ Warning ] /usr/bin/cut [ Warning ] /usr/bin/diff [ Warning ] /usr/bin/dirname [ Warning ] /usr/bin/dpkg [ Warning ] /usr/bin/dpkg-query [ Warning ] /usr/bin/du [ Warning ] /usr/bin/env [ Warning ] /usr/bin/file [ Warning ] /usr/bin/find [ Warning ] /usr/bin/GET [ Warning ] /usr/bin/groups [ Warning ] /usr/bin/head [ Warning ] /usr/bin/id [ Warning ] /usr/bin/killall [ Warning ] /usr/bin/last [ Warning ] /usr/bin/lastlog [ Warning ] /usr/bin/ldd [ Warning ] /usr/bin/less [ Warning ] /usr/bin/locate [ Warning ] /usr/bin/logger [ Warning ] /usr/bin/lsattr [ Warning ] /usr/bin/lsof [ Warning ] /usr/bin/lynx [ Warning ] /usr/bin/mail [ Warning ] /usr/bin/md5sum [ Warning ] /usr/bin/mlocate [ Warning ] /usr/bin/newgrp [ Warning ] /usr/bin/passwd [ Warning ] /usr/bin/perl [ Warning ] /usr/bin/pgrep [ Warning ] /usr/bin/pkill [ Warning ] /usr/bin/pstree [ Warning ] /usr/bin/rkhunter [ Warning ] /usr/bin/rpm [ Warning ] /usr/bin/runcon [ Warning ] /usr/bin/sha1sum [ Warning ] /usr/bin/sha224sum [ Warning ] /usr/bin/sha256sum [ Warning ] /usr/bin/sha384sum [ Warning ] /usr/bin/sha512sum [ Warning ] /usr/bin/size [ Warning ] /usr/bin/sort [ Warning ] /usr/bin/stat [ Warning ] /usr/bin/strace [ Warning ] /usr/bin/strings [ Warning ] /usr/bin/sudo [ Warning ] /usr/bin/tail [ Warning ] /usr/bin/test [ Warning ] /usr/bin/top [ Warning ] /usr/bin/touch [ Warning ] /usr/bin/tr [ Warning ] /usr/bin/uniq [ Warning ] /usr/bin/users [ Warning ] /usr/bin/vmstat [ Warning ] /usr/bin/w [ Warning ] /usr/bin/watch [ Warning ] /usr/bin/wc [ Warning ] /usr/bin/wget [ Warning ] /usr/bin/whatis [ Warning ] /usr/bin/whereis [ Warning ] /usr/bin/which [ Warning ] /usr/bin/who [ Warning ] /usr/bin/whoami [ Warning ] /usr/bin/unhide.rb [ Warning ] /usr/bin/gawk [ Warning ] /usr/bin/lwp-request [ Warning ] /usr/bin/heirloom-mailx [ Warning ] /usr/bin/w.procps [ Warning ] /sbin/depmod [ Warning ] /sbin/fsck [ Warning ] /sbin/ifconfig [ Warning ] /sbin/ifdown [ Warning ] /sbin/ifup [ Warning ] /sbin/init [ Warning ] /sbin/insmod [ Warning ] /sbin/ip [ Warning ] /sbin/lsmod [ Warning ] /sbin/modinfo [ Warning ] /sbin/modprobe [ Warning ] /sbin/rmmod [ Warning ] /sbin/route [ Warning ] /sbin/runlevel [ Warning ] /sbin/sulogin [ Warning ] /sbin/sysctl [ Warning ] /bin/bash [ Warning ] /bin/cat [ Warning ] /bin/chmod [ Warning ] /bin/chown [ Warning ] /bin/cp [ Warning ] /bin/date [ Warning ] /bin/df [ Warning ] /bin/dmesg [ Warning ] /bin/echo [ Warning ] /bin/ed [ Warning ] /bin/egrep [ Warning ] /bin/fgrep [ Warning ] /bin/fuser [ Warning ] /bin/grep [ Warning ] /bin/ip [ Warning ] /bin/kill [ Warning ] /bin/less [ Warning ] /bin/login [ Warning ] /bin/ls [ Warning ] /bin/lsmod [ Warning ] /bin/mktemp [ Warning ] /bin/more [ Warning ] /bin/mount [ Warning ] /bin/mv [ Warning ] /bin/netstat [ Warning ] /bin/ping [ Warning ] /bin/ps [ Warning ] /bin/pwd [ Warning ] /bin/readlink [ Warning ] /bin/sed [ Warning ] /bin/sh [ Warning ] /bin/su [ Warning ] /bin/touch [ Warning ] /bin/uname [ Warning ] /bin/which [ Warning ] /bin/dash [ Warning ] It seems that rkhunter 1.4 is oversensitive somehow about changed bin-files ? chkrootkit finds nothing and no warnings too.

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• Importing PKCS#12 (.p12) files into Firefox From the Command Line

  - by user11165

  I’ve posted this question up on #Ubuntu and #Firefox Forums, and really could do with some help.. Anyone know where i could look or help with the answer. I’m hoping the power of social media will come through… I have a need to perform the following action: Firefox 3.6.x: Quote: open Edit - Preferences - Advanced - Encryption - View Certificates - Your Certificates - Import However i need the same functionality from the bash command line. So far I’ve established that the following command is supposed to be used: Quote: certutil -A -t “u,u,u” -d /home/df001/.mozilla/firefox/qe5y5lht.tc.default/ -n “mycert” -i client.p12 This executes with no isses, however, doesn’t show up in any Firefox Certificate store. However, I have noted that prior to running this command, i have a cert8.db key3.db and secmod.db file in the above folder. After running the command the certutil seems to have created a cert9.db, key4.db and pkcs12.txt file Listing the contents using the command: Quote: certutil -L -d sql:/home/df001/.mozilla/firefox/qe5y5lht.tc.default/ does seem to confirm my attempts of importing files into a certificate folder of some kind have worked. because i get Quote: Certificate Nickname Trust Attributes SSL,S/MIME,JAR/XPI Thawte SSL CA „ Go Daddy Secure Certification Authority „ Thawte SGC CA „ Entrust Certification Authority - L1C „ My Nero CT,C,c mynero P„ davidfield - Internet Widgits Pty Ltd u,u,u So, having tried this, and heading back over to the www, i cam across this command: Quote: pk12util -d /home/df001/.mozilla/firefox/qe5y5lht.tc.default/ -i client.p12 -n “David Field” -P “cert8.db” this again, appears to be importing something somewhere, however, again, Viewing certs from the Firefox interface doesn’t show the imported Cert. I’m surmising here on reading that the certutil and pk12util are creating a new NSS database, which firefox isn’t reading. So my question is, how can i get the p12 cert from the command line so it displays in the firefox Certificate manager interface? Why have i posted this here? Why not post on the firefox forum? Well i will copy and post the same question there as well, however the ability to use the command line to do this is important, as I have potentially 2000 machines which will need a user cert imported into firefox via a p12 file. I need to do this in the form of a script, i thought the hard part was going to be making the p12 file from the microsoft 2003 CA, turns out thats easy. I can’t just import via the GUI and copy over cert8.db x 2000, i can’t ask users to use the CA webinterface as its for VPN access, the users are off site, and they need the VPN to get to the cert server.. Is there any person out there who can help? By the way, i don't have the tor buttun installed.

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• Java Oracle Installation /usr/bin/java: cannot execute binary file

  - by Dave

  Hi I've been trying for 1 day to get Oracle Java running on Ubuntu. I have a powermac g5 with Ubuntu 12.04 ppc64. uname -a : Linux LK37 3.2.0-53-powerpc64-smp #81-Ubuntu SMP Thu Aug 22 21:17:14 UTC 2013 ppc64 ppc64 ppc64 GNU/Linux lspci: david@LK37:~$ sudo lspc [sudo] password for david: sudo: lspc: command not found david@LK37:~$ sudo lspci 0000:00:0b.0 PCI bridge: Apple Inc. CPC945 PCIe Bridge 0000:0a:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation NV43 [GeForce 6600 LE] (rev a2) 0001:00:00.0 Host bridge: Apple Inc. U4 HT Bridge 0001:00:01.0 PCI bridge: Broadcom BCM5780 [HT2000] PCI-X bridge (rev a3) 0001:00:02.0 PCI bridge: Broadcom BCM5780 [HT2000] PCI-X bridge (rev a3) 0001:00:03.0 PCI bridge: Broadcom BCM5780 [HT2000] PCI-Express Bridge (rev a3) 0001:00:04.0 PCI bridge: Broadcom BCM5780 [HT2000] PCI-Express Bridge (rev a3) 0001:00:05.0 PCI bridge: Broadcom BCM5780 [HT2000] PCI-Express Bridge (rev a3) 0001:00:06.0 PCI bridge: Broadcom BCM5780 [HT2000] PCI-Express Bridge (rev a3) 0001:00:07.0 PCI bridge: Apple Inc. Shasta PCI Bridge 0001:00:08.0 PCI bridge: Apple Inc. Shasta PCI Bridge 0001:00:09.0 PCI bridge: Apple Inc. Shasta PCI Bridge 0001:01:07.0 Unassigned class [ff00]: Apple Inc. Shasta Mac I/O 0001:01:0b.0 USB controller: NEC Corporation OHCI USB Controller (rev 43) 0001:01:0b.1 USB controller: NEC Corporation OHCI USB Controller (rev 43) 0001:01:0b.2 USB controller: NEC Corporation uPD72010x USB 2.0 Controller (rev 04) 0001:03:0c.0 IDE interface: Broadcom K2 SATA 0001:03:0d.0 Unassigned class [ff00]: Apple Inc. Shasta IDE 0001:03:0e.0 FireWire (IEEE 1394): Apple Inc. Shasta Firewire 0001:05:04.0 Ethernet controller: Broadcom Corporation NetXtreme BCM5780 Gigabit Ethernet (rev 03) 0001:05:04.1 Ethernet controller: Broadcom Corporation NetXtreme BCM5780 Gigabit Ethernet (rev 03) david@LK37:~$ I tried various ways to install Oracle Java but I always end up with: bash: /usr/bin/java: cannot execute binary file At the moment I have Installed jdk-7u25-linux-x64.tar.gz in /usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.7.0/bin/ as said in this post I already tried the web install but I get a 404 error. I hope you can help me. I started using Ubuntu yesterday so please give me the complete terminal code, it will be a lot easier for me. For those who care I want to play Minecraft and with the OpenJDK I got a java.lang error. That's why I want to install Oracle Java.

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• how to start LXDE session automatically after tightvncserver starts to make me able see desktop when connecting to the host via vncclient?

  - by Oleksandr Dudchenko

  I have system which is equipped with Intel Celeron processor 1.1 GHz s370 with 384 Mb of RAM on Intel d815egew motherboard which supports wake-on-lan function. I want to use such a PC for Internet sharing to the local network. Also this PC is a DHCP+DNS server as well as router/gateway. Based on above I decided to install Lubuntu as it is lightweight system. I installed Lubuntu 10.04.4 LTS from alternate ISO. System has no auto login. System boots and has acceptable performance. Host PC has onboard 4 network adapters: eth0 – ethernet controller which is used for Local Network connections. Has static address 10.0.0.1 eth1 – ethernet controller which is not used and not configured so far, I plan to connect printer here later on. eth2 - ethernet controller which is used to connect to Internet, which we plan to share for the local network wlan0 – wireless controller, it is used in role of access poit for local Network and has address 10.0.0.2 We want to control our gateway remotely. So, we need to be able to power it on remotely. To allow this I’ve done the following things: $ cd /etc/init.d/ made a new file with command $ sudo vim wakeonlanconfig Wrote the following lines to the newly created file, saved and closed it #!/bin/bash ethtool -s eth0 wol g ethtool -s eth2 wol g exit Made the abovementioned file executable $ sudo chmod a+x wakeonlanconfig Then included it into autostart sequence during boot. $ sudo update-rc.d -f wakeonlanconfig defaults after system reboot we will be able to poweron system remotely. Than we need to have a possibility to connect remotely to the host via SSH and VNC. So, I installed following packets with the following commands: $ sudo apt-get update $ sudo apt-get install openssh-server tightvncserver Add ssh daemon into autostart sequence during boot. $ sudo update-rc.d -f ssh defaults Power off the host PC $ sudo halt Then I went to remote place, send magic paket and powered the Host up. System started... And I connected to the host via Putty from remote system under Windows. Than logged in and run the command to start vnc server. $ tightvncserver -geometry 800x600 -depth 16 :2 VNC server successfully started and I got message like follows. New 'X' desktop is gateway:2 Starting applications specified in /home/dolv/.vnc/xstartup Log file is /home/dolv/.vnc/gateway:2.log Using UltraVNC Viewer programm under windows I connected to the host's vnc server, enterd the password and.... sow only mouse cursor in form of cross on a grey background of 800x600 dots, no desktop. Here is my .vnc/xstartup file #!/bin/sh xrdb $HOME/.Xresources xsetroot -solid grey #x-terminal-emulator -geometry 80x24+10+10 -ls -title "$VNCDESKTOP Desktop" & #x-window-manager & # Fix to make GNOME work export XKL_XMODMAP_DISABLE=1 /etc/X11/Xsession The Question: What I have to change and where to make LXDE session start automatically after tightvncserver starts?

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• Why no more macro languages?

  - by Muhammad Alkarouri

  In this answer to a previous question of mine about scripting languages suitability as shells, DigitalRoss identifies the difference between the macro languages and the "parsed typed" languages in terms of string treatment as the main reason that scripting languages are not suitable for shell purposes. Macro languages include nroff and m4 for example. What are the design decisions (or compromises) needed to create a macro programming language? And why are most of the mainstream languages parsed rather than macro? This very similar question (and the accepted answer) covers fairly well why the parsed typed languages, take C for example, suffer from the use of macros. I believe my question here covers different grounds: Macro languages or those working on a textual level are not wholly failures. Arguably, they include bash, Tcl and other shell languages. And they work in a specific niche such as shells as explained in my links above. Even m4 had a fairly long time of success, and some of the web template languages can be regarded as macro languages. It is quite possible that macros and parsed typing do not go well together and that is why macros "break" common languages. In the answer to the linked question, a macro like #define TWO 1+1 would have been covered by the common rules of the language rather than conflicting with those of the host language. And issues like "macros are not typed" and "code doesn't compile" are not relevant in the context of a language designed as untyped and interpreted with little concern for efficiency. The question about the design decisions needed to create a macro language pertain to a hobby project which I am currently working on on designing a new shell. Taking the previous question in context would clarify the difference between adding macros to a parsed language and my objective. I hope the clarification shows that the question linked doesn't cover this question, which is two parts: If I want to create a macro language (for a shell or a web template, for example), what limitations and compromises (and guidelines, if exist) need to be done? (Probably answerable by a link or reference) Why have no macro languages succeed in becoming mainstream except in particular niches? What makes typed languages successful in large programming, while "stringly-typed" languages succeed in shells and one-liner like environments?

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