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  • C# delegates problem

    - by Mick Taylor
    Hello I am getting the following error from my C# Windows Application: Error 1 No overload for 'CreateLabelInPanel' matches delegate 'WorksOrderStore.ProcessDbConnDetailsDelegate' H:\c\WorksOrderFactory\WorksOrderFactory\WorksOrderClient.cs 43 39 WorksOrderFactory I have 3 .cs files that essentially: Opens a windows Has an option for the users to connect to a db When that is selected, the system will go off and connect to the db, and load some data in (just test data for now) Then using a delegate, the system should do soemthing, which for testing will be to create a label. However I haven't coded this part yet. But I can't build until I get this error sorted. The 3 fiels are called: WorksOrderClient.cs (which is the MAIN) WorksOrderStore.cs LoginBox.cs Here's the code for each file: WorksOrderClient.cs using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Data; using System.Drawing; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Windows.Forms; using WorksOrderStore; namespace WorksOrderFactory { using WorksOrderStore; public partial class WorksOrderClient : Form { LoginBox lb = new LoginBox(); private static WorksOrderDB wodb = new WorksOrderDB(); private static int num_conns = 0; public WorksOrderClient() { InitializeComponent(); } private void connectToADBToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { lb.ShowDialog(); lb.Visible = true; } public static bool createDBConnDetObj(string username, string password, string database) { // increase the number of connections num_conns = num_conns + 1; // create the connection object wodb.AddDbConnDetails(username, password, database, num_conns); // create a new delegate object associated with the static // method WorksOrderClient.createLabelInPanel wodb.ProcessDbConnDetails(new ProcessDbConnDetailsDelegate(CreateLabelInPanel)); return true; } static void CreateLabelInPanel(DbConnDetails dbcd) { Console.Write("hellO"); string tmp = (string)dbcd.username; //Console.Write(tmp); } private void WorksOrderClient_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { } } } WorksOrderStore.cs using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using WorksOrderFactory; namespace WorksOrderStore { using System.Collections; // Describes a book in the book list: public struct WorksOrder { public string contractor_code { get; set; } // contractor ID public string email_address { get; set; } // contractors email address public string date_issued { get; set; } // date the works order was issued public string wo_ref { get; set; } // works order ref public string status { get; set; } // status ... not used public job_status js { get; set; } // status of this worksorder within this system public WorksOrder(string contractor_code, string email_address, string date_issued, string wo_ref) : this() { this.contractor_code = contractor_code; this.email_address = email_address; this.date_issued = date_issued; this.wo_ref = wo_ref; this.js = job_status.Pending; } } // Declare a delegate type for processing a WorksOrder: //public delegate void ProcessWorksOrderDelegate(WorksOrder worksorder); // Maintains a worksorder database. public class WorksOrderDB { // List of all worksorders in the database: ArrayList list = new ArrayList(); // Add a worksorder to the database: public void AddWorksOrder(string contractor_code, string email_address, string date_issued, string wo_ref) { list.Add(new WorksOrder(contractor_code, email_address, date_issued, wo_ref)); } // Call a passed-in delegate on each pending works order to process it: /*public void ProcessPendingWorksOrders(ProcessWorksOrderDelegate processWorksOrder) { foreach (WorksOrder wo in list) { if (wo.js.Equals(job_status.Pending)) // Calling the delegate: processWorksOrder(wo); } }*/ // Add a DbConnDetails to the database: public void AddDbConnDetails(string username, string password, string database, int conn_num) { list.Add(new DbConnDetails(username, password, database, conn_num)); } // Call a passed-in delegate on each dbconndet to process it: public void ProcessDbConnDetails(ProcessDbConnDetailsDelegate processDBConnDetails) { foreach (DbConnDetails wo in list) { processDBConnDetails(wo); } } } // statuses for worksorders in this system public enum job_status { Pending, InProgress, Completed } public struct DbConnDetails { public string username { get; set; } // username public string password { get; set; } // password public string database { get; set; } // database public int conn_num { get; set; } // this objects connection number. public ArrayList woList { get; set; } // list of works orders for this connection // this constructor just sets the db connection details // the woList array will get created later .. not a lot later but a bit. public DbConnDetails(string username, string password, string database, int conn_num) : this() { this.username = username; this.password = password; this.database = database; this.conn_num = conn_num; woList = new ArrayList(); } } // Declare a delegate type for processing a DbConnDetails: public delegate void ProcessDbConnDetailsDelegate(DbConnDetails dbConnDetails); } and LoginBox.cs using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Drawing; using System.Data; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Windows.Forms; namespace WorksOrderFactory { public partial class LoginBox : Form { public LoginBox() { InitializeComponent(); } private void LoginBox_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { this.Visible = true; this.Show(); //usernameText.Text = "Username"; //new Font(usernameText.Font, FontStyle.Italic); } private void cancelBtn_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { this.Close(); } private void loginBtn_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { // set up a connection details object. bool success = WorksOrderClient.createDBConnDetObj(usernameText.Text, passwordText.Text, databaseText.Text); } private void LoginBox_Load_1(object sender, EventArgs e) { } } } Any ideas?? Cheers, m

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  • Understanding C# async / await (1) Compilation

    - by Dixin
    Now the async / await keywords are in C#. Just like the async and ! in F#, this new C# feature provides great convenience. There are many nice documents talking about how to use async / await in specific scenarios, like using async methods in ASP.NET 4.5 and in ASP.NET MVC 4, etc. In this article we will look at the real code working behind the syntax sugar. According to MSDN: The async modifier indicates that the method, lambda expression, or anonymous method that it modifies is asynchronous. Since lambda expression / anonymous method will be compiled to normal method, we will focus on normal async method. Preparation First of all, Some helper methods need to make up. internal class HelperMethods { internal static int Method(int arg0, int arg1) { // Do some IO. WebClient client = new WebClient(); Enumerable.Repeat("http://weblogs.asp.net/dixin", 10) .Select(client.DownloadString).ToArray(); int result = arg0 + arg1; return result; } internal static Task<int> MethodTask(int arg0, int arg1) { Task<int> task = new Task<int>(() => Method(arg0, arg1)); task.Start(); // Hot task (started task) should always be returned. return task; } internal static void Before() { } internal static void Continuation1(int arg) { } internal static void Continuation2(int arg) { } } Here Method() is a long running method doing some IO. Then MethodTask() wraps it into a Task and return that Task. Nothing special here. Await something in async method Since MethodTask() returns Task, let’s try to await it: internal class AsyncMethods { internal static async Task<int> MethodAsync(int arg0, int arg1) { int result = await HelperMethods.MethodTask(arg0, arg1); return result; } } Because we used await in the method, async must be put on the method. Now we get the first async method. According to the naming convenience, it is named MethodAsync. Of course a async method can be awaited. So we have a CallMethodAsync() to call MethodAsync(): internal class AsyncMethods { internal static async Task<int> CallMethodAsync(int arg0, int arg1) { int result = await MethodAsync(arg0, arg1); return result; } } After compilation, MethodAsync() and CallMethodAsync() becomes the same logic. This is the code of MethodAsyc(): internal class CompiledAsyncMethods { [DebuggerStepThrough] [AsyncStateMachine(typeof(MethodAsyncStateMachine))] // async internal static /*async*/ Task<int> MethodAsync(int arg0, int arg1) { MethodAsyncStateMachine methodAsyncStateMachine = new MethodAsyncStateMachine() { Arg0 = arg0, Arg1 = arg1, Builder = AsyncTaskMethodBuilder<int>.Create(), State = -1 }; methodAsyncStateMachine.Builder.Start(ref methodAsyncStateMachine); return methodAsyncStateMachine.Builder.Task; } } It just creates and starts a state machine, MethodAsyncStateMachine: [CompilerGenerated] [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Auto)] internal struct MethodAsyncStateMachine : IAsyncStateMachine { public int State; public AsyncTaskMethodBuilder<int> Builder; public int Arg0; public int Arg1; public int Result; private TaskAwaiter<int> awaitor; void IAsyncStateMachine.MoveNext() { try { if (this.State != 0) { this.awaitor = HelperMethods.MethodTask(this.Arg0, this.Arg1).GetAwaiter(); if (!this.awaitor.IsCompleted) { this.State = 0; this.Builder.AwaitUnsafeOnCompleted(ref this.awaitor, ref this); return; } } else { this.State = -1; } this.Result = this.awaitor.GetResult(); } catch (Exception exception) { this.State = -2; this.Builder.SetException(exception); return; } this.State = -2; this.Builder.SetResult(this.Result); } [DebuggerHidden] void IAsyncStateMachine.SetStateMachine(IAsyncStateMachine param0) { this.Builder.SetStateMachine(param0); } } The generated code has been refactored, so it is readable and can be compiled. Several things can be observed here: The async modifier is gone, which shows, unlike other modifiers (e.g. static), there is no such IL/CLR level “async” stuff. It becomes a AsyncStateMachineAttribute. This is similar to the compilation of extension method. The generated state machine is very similar to the state machine of C# yield syntax sugar. The local variables (arg0, arg1, result) are compiled to fields of the state machine. The real code (await HelperMethods.MethodTask(arg0, arg1)) is compiled into MoveNext(): HelperMethods.MethodTask(this.Arg0, this.Arg1).GetAwaiter(). CallMethodAsync() will create and start its own state machine CallMethodAsyncStateMachine: internal class CompiledAsyncMethods { [DebuggerStepThrough] [AsyncStateMachine(typeof(CallMethodAsyncStateMachine))] // async internal static /*async*/ Task<int> CallMethodAsync(int arg0, int arg1) { CallMethodAsyncStateMachine callMethodAsyncStateMachine = new CallMethodAsyncStateMachine() { Arg0 = arg0, Arg1 = arg1, Builder = AsyncTaskMethodBuilder<int>.Create(), State = -1 }; callMethodAsyncStateMachine.Builder.Start(ref callMethodAsyncStateMachine); return callMethodAsyncStateMachine.Builder.Task; } } CallMethodAsyncStateMachine has the same logic as MethodAsyncStateMachine above. The detail of the state machine will be discussed soon. Now it is clear that: async /await is a C# language level syntax sugar. There is no difference to await a async method or a normal method. As long as a method returns Task, it is awaitable. State machine and continuation To demonstrate more details in the state machine, a more complex method is created: internal class AsyncMethods { internal static async Task<int> MultiCallMethodAsync(int arg0, int arg1, int arg2, int arg3) { HelperMethods.Before(); int resultOfAwait1 = await MethodAsync(arg0, arg1); HelperMethods.Continuation1(resultOfAwait1); int resultOfAwait2 = await MethodAsync(arg2, arg3); HelperMethods.Continuation2(resultOfAwait2); int resultToReturn = resultOfAwait1 + resultOfAwait2; return resultToReturn; } } In this method: There are multiple awaits. There are code before the awaits, and continuation code after each await After compilation, this multi-await method becomes the same as above single-await methods: internal class CompiledAsyncMethods { [DebuggerStepThrough] [AsyncStateMachine(typeof(MultiCallMethodAsyncStateMachine))] // async internal static /*async*/ Task<int> MultiCallMethodAsync(int arg0, int arg1, int arg2, int arg3) { MultiCallMethodAsyncStateMachine multiCallMethodAsyncStateMachine = new MultiCallMethodAsyncStateMachine() { Arg0 = arg0, Arg1 = arg1, Arg2 = arg2, Arg3 = arg3, Builder = AsyncTaskMethodBuilder<int>.Create(), State = -1 }; multiCallMethodAsyncStateMachine.Builder.Start(ref multiCallMethodAsyncStateMachine); return multiCallMethodAsyncStateMachine.Builder.Task; } } It creates and starts one single state machine, MultiCallMethodAsyncStateMachine: [CompilerGenerated] [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Auto)] internal struct MultiCallMethodAsyncStateMachine : IAsyncStateMachine { public int State; public AsyncTaskMethodBuilder<int> Builder; public int Arg0; public int Arg1; public int Arg2; public int Arg3; public int ResultOfAwait1; public int ResultOfAwait2; public int ResultToReturn; private TaskAwaiter<int> awaiter; void IAsyncStateMachine.MoveNext() { try { switch (this.State) { case -1: HelperMethods.Before(); this.awaiter = AsyncMethods.MethodAsync(this.Arg0, this.Arg1).GetAwaiter(); if (!this.awaiter.IsCompleted) { this.State = 0; this.Builder.AwaitUnsafeOnCompleted(ref this.awaiter, ref this); } break; case 0: this.ResultOfAwait1 = this.awaiter.GetResult(); HelperMethods.Continuation1(this.ResultOfAwait1); this.awaiter = AsyncMethods.MethodAsync(this.Arg2, this.Arg3).GetAwaiter(); if (!this.awaiter.IsCompleted) { this.State = 1; this.Builder.AwaitUnsafeOnCompleted(ref this.awaiter, ref this); } break; case 1: this.ResultOfAwait2 = this.awaiter.GetResult(); HelperMethods.Continuation2(this.ResultOfAwait2); this.ResultToReturn = this.ResultOfAwait1 + this.ResultOfAwait2; this.State = -2; this.Builder.SetResult(this.ResultToReturn); break; } } catch (Exception exception) { this.State = -2; this.Builder.SetException(exception); } } [DebuggerHidden] void IAsyncStateMachine.SetStateMachine(IAsyncStateMachine stateMachine) { this.Builder.SetStateMachine(stateMachine); } } Once again, the above state machine code is already refactored, but it still has a lot of things. More clean up can be done if we only keep the core logic, and the state machine can become very simple: [CompilerGenerated] [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Auto)] internal struct MultiCallMethodAsyncStateMachine : IAsyncStateMachine { // State: // -1: Begin // 0: 1st await is done // 1: 2nd await is done // ... // -2: End public int State; public TaskCompletionSource<int> ResultToReturn; // int resultToReturn ... public int Arg0; // int Arg0 public int Arg1; // int arg1 public int Arg2; // int arg2 public int Arg3; // int arg3 public int ResultOfAwait1; // int resultOfAwait1 ... public int ResultOfAwait2; // int resultOfAwait2 ... private Task<int> currentTaskToAwait; /// <summary> /// Moves the state machine to its next state. /// </summary> public void MoveNext() // IAsyncStateMachine member. { try { switch (this.State) { // Original code is split by "await"s into "case"s: // case -1: // HelperMethods.Before(); // MethodAsync(Arg0, arg1); // case 0: // int resultOfAwait1 = await ... // HelperMethods.Continuation1(resultOfAwait1); // MethodAsync(arg2, arg3); // case 1: // int resultOfAwait2 = await ... // HelperMethods.Continuation2(resultOfAwait2); // int resultToReturn = resultOfAwait1 + resultOfAwait2; // return resultToReturn; case -1: // -1 is begin. HelperMethods.Before(); // Code before 1st await. this.currentTaskToAwait = AsyncMethods.MethodAsync(this.Arg0, this.Arg1); // 1st task to await // When this.currentTaskToAwait is done, run this.MoveNext() and go to case 0. this.State = 0; MultiCallMethodAsyncStateMachine that1 = this; // Cannot use "this" in lambda so create a local variable. this.currentTaskToAwait.ContinueWith(_ => that1.MoveNext()); break; case 0: // Now 1st await is done. this.ResultOfAwait1 = this.currentTaskToAwait.Result; // Get 1st await's result. HelperMethods.Continuation1(this.ResultOfAwait1); // Code after 1st await and before 2nd await. this.currentTaskToAwait = AsyncMethods.MethodAsync(this.Arg2, this.Arg3); // 2nd task to await // When this.currentTaskToAwait is done, run this.MoveNext() and go to case 1. this.State = 1; MultiCallMethodAsyncStateMachine that2 = this; this.currentTaskToAwait.ContinueWith(_ => that2.MoveNext()); break; case 1: // Now 2nd await is done. this.ResultOfAwait2 = this.currentTaskToAwait.Result; // Get 2nd await's result. HelperMethods.Continuation2(this.ResultOfAwait2); // Code after 2nd await. int resultToReturn = this.ResultOfAwait1 + this.ResultOfAwait2; // Code after 2nd await. // End with resultToReturn. this.State = -2; // -2 is end. this.ResultToReturn.SetResult(resultToReturn); break; } } catch (Exception exception) { // End with exception. this.State = -2; // -2 is end. this.ResultToReturn.SetException(exception); } } /// <summary> /// Configures the state machine with a heap-allocated replica. /// </summary> /// <param name="stateMachine">The heap-allocated replica.</param> [DebuggerHidden] public void SetStateMachine(IAsyncStateMachine stateMachine) // IAsyncStateMachine member. { // No core logic. } } Only Task and TaskCompletionSource are involved in this version. And MultiCallMethodAsync() can be simplified to: [DebuggerStepThrough] [AsyncStateMachine(typeof(MultiCallMethodAsyncStateMachine))] // async internal static /*async*/ Task<int> MultiCallMethodAsync(int arg0, int arg1, int arg2, int arg3) { MultiCallMethodAsyncStateMachine multiCallMethodAsyncStateMachine = new MultiCallMethodAsyncStateMachine() { Arg0 = arg0, Arg1 = arg1, Arg2 = arg2, Arg3 = arg3, ResultToReturn = new TaskCompletionSource<int>(), // -1: Begin // 0: 1st await is done // 1: 2nd await is done // ... // -2: End State = -1 }; multiCallMethodAsyncStateMachine.MoveNext(); // Original code are moved into this method. return multiCallMethodAsyncStateMachine.ResultToReturn.Task; } Now the whole state machine becomes very clean - it is about callback: Original code are split into pieces by “await”s, and each piece is put into each “case” in the state machine. Here the 2 awaits split the code into 3 pieces, so there are 3 “case”s. The “piece”s are chained by callback, that is done by Builder.AwaitUnsafeOnCompleted(callback), or currentTaskToAwait.ContinueWith(callback) in the simplified code. A previous “piece” will end with a Task (which is to be awaited), when the task is done, it will callback the next “piece”. The state machine’s state works with the “case”s to ensure the code “piece”s executes one after another. Callback If we focus on the point of callback, the simplification  can go even further – the entire state machine can be completely purged, and we can just keep the code inside MoveNext(). Now MultiCallMethodAsync() becomes: internal static Task<int> MultiCallMethodAsync(int arg0, int arg1, int arg2, int arg3) { TaskCompletionSource<int> taskCompletionSource = new TaskCompletionSource<int>(); try { // Oringinal code begins. HelperMethods.Before(); MethodAsync(arg0, arg1).ContinueWith(await1 => { int resultOfAwait1 = await1.Result; HelperMethods.Continuation1(resultOfAwait1); MethodAsync(arg2, arg3).ContinueWith(await2 => { int resultOfAwait2 = await2.Result; HelperMethods.Continuation2(resultOfAwait2); int resultToReturn = resultOfAwait1 + resultOfAwait2; // Oringinal code ends. taskCompletionSource.SetResult(resultToReturn); }); }); } catch (Exception exception) { taskCompletionSource.SetException(exception); } return taskCompletionSource.Task; } Please compare with the original async / await code: HelperMethods.Before(); int resultOfAwait1 = await MethodAsync(arg0, arg1); HelperMethods.Continuation1(resultOfAwait1); int resultOfAwait2 = await MethodAsync(arg2, arg3); HelperMethods.Continuation2(resultOfAwait2); int resultToReturn = resultOfAwait1 + resultOfAwait2; return resultToReturn; Yeah that is the magic of C# async / await: Await is not to wait. In a await expression, a Task object will be return immediately so that execution is not blocked. The continuation code is compiled as that Task’s callback code. When that task is done, continuation code will execute. Please notice that many details inside the state machine are omitted for simplicity, like context caring, etc. If you want to have a detailed picture, please do check out the source code of AsyncTaskMethodBuilder and TaskAwaiter.

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  • Why can't I use SSL certs imported via Server Admin in a custom Apache install?

    - by morgant
    I've got a couple of Mac OS X 10.6.8 Server web servers that run a custom AMP255 (Apache 2.x, MySQL 5.x, and PHP 5.x) stack installed using MacPorts. We've got a lot of Mac OS X Server servers and generally install SSL certs via Server Admin and they "just work" in the built-in services, however, these web servers have always had SSL certs installed in a non-standard location and used only for Apache. Long story short, we're trying to standardize this part of our administration and install certs via Server Admin, but have run into the following issue: when the certs are installed via Server Admin and referenced in our Apache conf files, Apache then prompts for a password upon trying to start. It does not seem to be any password we know, certainly not the admin or keychain passwords! We've added the _www user to the certusers (mainly just to ensure they have the proper access to the private key in /etc/certificates/). So, with the custom installed certs we have the following files (basically just pasted in from the company we purchase our certs from): -rw-r--r-- 1 root admin 1395 Apr 10 11:22 *.domain.tld.ca -rw-r--r-- 1 root admin 1656 Apr 10 11:21 *.domain.tld.cert -rw-r--r-- 1 root admin 1680 Apr 10 11:22 *.domain.tld.key And the following in the VirtualHost in /opt/local/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-ssl.conf: SSLCertificateFile /path/to/certs/*.domain.tld.cert SSLCertificateKeyFile /path/to/certs/*.domain.tld.key SSLCACertificateFile /path/to/certs/*.domain.tld.ca This setup functions normally. If we use the certs installed via Server Admin, which both Server Admin & Keychain Assistant show as valid, they're installed in /etc/certificates/ as follows: -rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 1655 Apr 9 13:44 *.domain.tld.SOMELONGHASH.cert.pem -rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 4266 Apr 9 13:44 *.domain.tld.SOMELONGHASH.chain.pem -rw-r----- 1 root certusers 3406 Apr 9 13:44 *.domain.tld.SOMELONGHASH.concat.pem -rw-r----- 1 root certusers 1751 Apr 9 13:44 *.domain.tld.SOMELONGHASH.key.pem And if we replace the aforementioned lines in our httpd-ssl.conf with the following: SSLCertificateFile /etc/certificates/*.domain.tld.SOMELONGHASH.cert.pem SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/certificates/*.domain.tld.SOMELONGHASH.key.pem SSLCertificateChainFile /etc/certificates/*.domain.tld.SOMELONGHASH.chain.pem This prompts for the unknown password. I have also tried httpd-ssl.conf configured as follows: SSLCertificateFile /etc/certificates/*.domain.tld.SOMELONGHASH.cert.pem SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/certificates/*.domain.tld.SOMELONGHASH.key.pem SSLCertificateChainFile /etc/certificates/*.domain.tld.SOMELONGHASH.concat.pem And as: SSLCertificateFile /etc/certificates/*.domain.tld.SOMELONGHASH.cert.pem SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/certificates/*.domain.tld.SOMELONGHASH.key.pem SSLCACertificateFile /etc/certificates/*.domain.tld.SOMELONGHASH.chain.pem We've verified that the certificate is configured to allow all applications access it (in Keychain Assistant). A diff of the /etc/certificates/*.domain.tld.SOMELONGHASH.key.pem & *.domain.tld.key files shows the former is encrypted and the latter is not, so we're assuming that Server Admin/Keychain Assistant is encrypting them for some reason. I know I can create an unencrypted key file as follows: sudo openssl rsa -in /etc/certificates/*.domain.tld.SOMELONGHASH.key.pem -out /etc/certificates/*.domain.tld.SOMELONGHASH.key.no_password.pem But, I can't do that without entering the password. I thought maybe I could export an unencrypted copy of the key from Keychain Admin, but I'm not seeing such an option (not to mention that the .pem options are greyed out in all export options). Any assistance would be greatly appreciated.

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  • Replacing “if”s with your own number system

    - by Michael Williamson
    During our second code retreat at Red Gate, the restriction for one of the sessions was disallowing the use of if statements. That includes other constructs that have the same effect, such as switch statements or loops that will only be executed zero or one times. The idea is to encourage use of polymorphism instead, and see just how far it can be used to get rid of “if”s. The main place where people struggled to get rid of numbers from their implementation of Conway’s Game of Life was the piece of code that decides whether a cell is live or dead in the next generation. For instance, for a cell that’s currently live, the code might look something like this: if (numberOfNeighbours == 2 || numberOfNeighbours == 3) { return CellState.LIVE; } else { return CellState.DEAD; } The problem is that we need to change behaviour depending on the number of neighbours each cell has, but polymorphism only allows us to switch behaviour based on the type of a value. It follows that the solution is to make different numbers have different types: public interface IConwayNumber { IConwayNumber Increment(); CellState LiveCellNextGeneration(); } public class Zero : IConwayNumber { public IConwayNumber Increment() { return new One(); } public CellState LiveCellNextGeneration() { return CellState.DEAD; } } public class One : IConwayNumber { public IConwayNumber Increment() { return new Two(); } public CellState LiveCellNextGeneration() { return CellState.LIVE; } } public class Two : IConwayNumber { public IConwayNumber Increment() { return new ThreeOrMore(); } public CellState LiveCellNextGeneration() { return CellState.LIVE; } } public class ThreeOrMore : IConwayNumber { public IConwayNumber Increment() { return this; } public CellState LiveCellNextGeneration() { return CellState.DEAD; } } In the code that counts the number of neighbours, we use our new number system by starting with Zero and incrementing when we find a neighbour. To choose the next state of the cell, rather than inspecting the number of neighbours, we ask the number of neighbours for the next state directly: return numberOfNeighbours.LiveCellNextGeneration(); And now we have no “if”s! If C# had double-dispatch, or if we used the visitor pattern, we could move the logic for choosing the next cell out of the number classes, which might feel a bit more natural. I suspect that reimplementing the natural numbers is still going to feel about the same amount of crazy though.

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  • How to handle "circular dependency" in dependency injection

    - by Roel
    The title says "Circular Dependency", but it is not the correct wording, because to me the design seems solid. However, consider the following scenario, where the blue parts are given from external partner, and orange is my own implementation. Also assume there is more then one ConcreteMain, but I want to use a specific one. (In reality, each class has some more dependencies, but I tried to simplify it here) I would like to instanciate all of this with Depency Injection (Unity), but I obviously get a StackOverflowException on the following code, because Runner tries to instantiate ConcreteMain, and ConcreteMain needs a Runner. IUnityContainer ioc = new UnityContainer(); ioc.RegisterType<IMain, ConcreteMain>() .RegisterType<IMainCallback, Runner>(); var runner = ioc.Resolve<Runner>(); How can I avouid this? Is there any way to structure this so that I can use it with DI? The scenario I'm doing now is setting everything up manually, but that puts a hard dependency on ConcreteMain in the class which instantiates it. This is what i'm trying to avoid (with Unity registrations in configuration). All source code below (very simplified example!); public class Program { public static void Main(string[] args) { IUnityContainer ioc = new UnityContainer(); ioc.RegisterType<IMain, ConcreteMain>() .RegisterType<IMainCallback, Runner>(); var runner = ioc.Resolve<Runner>(); Console.WriteLine("invoking runner..."); runner.DoSomethingAwesome(); Console.ReadLine(); } } public class Runner : IMainCallback { private readonly IMain mainServer; public Runner(IMain mainServer) { this.mainServer = mainServer; } public void DoSomethingAwesome() { Console.WriteLine("trying to do something awesome"); mainServer.DoSomething(); } public void SomethingIsDone(object something) { Console.WriteLine("hey look, something is finally done."); } } public interface IMain { void DoSomething(); } public interface IMainCallback { void SomethingIsDone(object something); } public abstract class AbstractMain : IMain { protected readonly IMainCallback callback; protected AbstractMain(IMainCallback callback) { this.callback = callback; } public abstract void DoSomething(); } public class ConcreteMain : AbstractMain { public ConcreteMain(IMainCallback callback) : base(callback){} public override void DoSomething() { Console.WriteLine("starting to do something..."); var task = Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>{ Thread.Sleep(5000);/*very long running task*/ }); task.ContinueWith(t => callback.SomethingIsDone(true)); } }

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  • Loading class instance from XML with Texture2D

    - by Thegluestickman
    I'm having trouble with XML and XNA. I want to be able to load weapon settings through XML to make my weapons easier to make and to have less code in the actual project file. So I started out making a basic XML document, something to just assign variables with. But no matter what I changed it gave me a new error every time. The code below gives me a "XML element 'Tag' not found", I added and it started to say the variables weren't found. What I wanted to do in the XML file as well, was load a texture for the file too. So I created a static class to hold my texture values, then in the Texture tag of my XML document I would set it to that instance too. I think that's were the problems are occuring because that's where the "XML element 'Tag' not found" error is pointing me too. My XML document: <XnaContent> <Asset Type="ConversationEngine.Weapon"> <weaponStrength>0</weaponStrength> <damageModifiers>0</damageModifiers> <speed>0</speed> <magicDefense>0</magicDefense> <description>0</description> <identifier>0</identifier> <weaponTexture>LoadWeaponTextures.ironSword</weaponTexture> </Asset> </XnaContent> My Class to load the weapon XML: public class Weapon { public int weaponStrength; public int damageModifiers; public int speed; public int magicDefense; public string description; public string identifier; public Texture2D weaponTexture; } public static class LoadWeaponXML { static Weapon Weapons; public static Weapon WeaponLoad(ContentManager content, int id) { Weapons = content.Load<Weapon>(@"Weapons/" + id); return Weapons; } } public static class LoadWeaponTextures { public static Texture2D ironSword; public static void TextureLoad(ContentManager content) { ironSword = content.Load<Texture2D>("Sword"); } } I'm not entirely sure if you can load textures through XML, but any help would be greatly appreciated.

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  • Only draw visible objects to the camera in 2D

    - by Deukalion
    I have Map, each map has an array of Ground, each Ground consists of an array of VertexPositionTexture and a texture name reference so it renders a texture at these points (as a shape through triangulation). Now when I render my map I only want to get a list of all objects that are visible in the camera. (So I won't loop through more than I have to) Structs: public struct Map { public Ground[] Ground { get; set; } } public struct Ground { public int[] Indexes { get; set; } public VertexPositionNormalTexture[] Points { get; set; } public Vector3 TopLeft { get; set; } public Vector3 TopRight { get; set; } public Vector3 BottomLeft { get; set; } public Vector3 BottomRight { get; set; } } public struct RenderBoundaries<T> { public BoundingBox Box; public T Items; } when I load a map: foreach (Ground ground in CurrentMap.Ground) { Boundaries.Add(new RenderBoundaries<Ground>() { Box = BoundingBox.CreateFromPoints(new Vector3[] { ground.TopLeft, ground.TopRight, ground.BottomLeft, ground.BottomRight }), Items = ground }); } TopLeft, TopRight, BottomLeft, BottomRight are simply the locations of each corner that the shape make. A rectangle. When I try to loop through only the objects that are visible I do this in my Draw method: public int Draw(GraphicsDevice device, ICamera camera) { BoundingFrustum frustum = new BoundingFrustum(camera.View * camera.Projection); // Visible count int count = 0; EffectTexture.World = camera.World; EffectTexture.View = camera.View; EffectTexture.Projection = camera.Projection; foreach (EffectPass pass in EffectTexture.CurrentTechnique.Passes) { pass.Apply(); foreach (RenderBoundaries<Ground> render in Boundaries.Where(m => frustum.Contains(m.Box) != ContainmentType.Disjoint)) { // Draw ground count++; } } return count; } When I try adding just one ground, then moving the camera so the ground is out of frame it still returns 1 which means it still gets draw even though it's not within the camera's view. Am I doing something or wrong or can it be because of my Camera? Any ideas why it doesn't work?

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  • Top down space game control problem

    - by Phil
    As the title suggests I'm developing a top down space game. I'm not looking to use newtonian physics with the player controlled ship. I'm trying to achieve a control scheme somewhat similar to that of FlatSpace 2 (awesome game). I can't figure out how to achieve this feeling with keyboard controls as opposed to mouse controls though. Any suggestions? I'm using Unity3d and C# or javaScript (unityScript or whatever is the correct term) works fine if you want to drop some code examples. Edit: Of course I should describe FlatSpace 2's control scheme, sorry. You hold the mouse button down and move the mouse in the direction you want the ship to move in. But it's not the controls I don't know how to do but rather the feeling of a mix of driving a car and flying an aircraft. It's really well made. Youtube link: FlatSpace2 on iPhone I'm not developing an iPhone game but the video shows the principle of the movement style. Edit 2 As there seems to be a slight interest, I'll post the version of the code I've used to continue. It works good enough. Sometimes good enough is sufficient! using UnityEngine; using System.Collections; public class ShipMovement : MonoBehaviour { public float directionModifier; float shipRotationAngle; public float shipRotationSpeed = 0; public double thrustModifier; public double accelerationModifier; public double shipBaseAcceleration = 0; public Vector2 directionVector; public Vector2 accelerationVector = new Vector2(0,0); public Vector2 frictionVector = new Vector2(0,0); public int shipFriction = 0; public Vector2 shipSpeedVector; public Vector2 shipPositionVector; public Vector2 speedCap = new Vector2(0,0); void Update() { directionModifier = -Input.GetAxis("Horizontal"); shipRotationAngle += ( shipRotationSpeed * directionModifier ) * Time.deltaTime; thrustModifier = Input.GetAxis("Vertical"); accelerationModifier = ( ( shipBaseAcceleration * thrustModifier ) ) * Time.deltaTime; directionVector = new Vector2( Mathf.Cos(shipRotationAngle ), Mathf.Sin(shipRotationAngle) ); //accelerationVector = Vector2(directionVector.x * System.Convert.ToDouble(accelerationModifier), directionVector.y * System.Convert.ToDouble(accelerationModifier)); accelerationVector.x = directionVector.x * (float)accelerationModifier; accelerationVector.y = directionVector.y * (float)accelerationModifier; // Set friction based on how "floaty" controls you want shipSpeedVector.x *= 0.9f; //Use a variable here shipSpeedVector.y *= 0.9f; //<-- as well shipSpeedVector += accelerationVector; shipPositionVector += shipSpeedVector; gameObject.transform.position = new Vector3(shipPositionVector.x, 0, shipPositionVector.y); } }

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  • From HttpRuntime.Cache to Windows Azure Caching (Preview)

    - by Jeff
    I don’t know about you, but the announcement of Windows Azure Caching (Preview) (yes, the parentheses are apparently part of the interim name) made me a lot more excited about using Azure. Why? Because one of the great performance tricks of any Web app is to cache frequently used data in memory, so it doesn’t have to hit the database, a service, or whatever. When you run your Web app on one box, HttpRuntime.Cache is a sweet and stupid-simple solution. Somewhere in the data fetching pieces of your app, you can see if an object is available in cache, and return that instead of hitting the data store. I did this quite a bit in POP Forums, and it dramatically cuts down on the database chatter. The problem is that it falls apart if you run the app on many servers, in a Web farm, where one server may initiate a change to that data, and the others will have no knowledge of the change, making it stale. Of course, if you have the infrastructure to do so, you can use something like memcached or AppFabric to do a distributed cache, and achieve the caching flavor you desire. You could do the same thing in Azure before, but it would cost more because you’d need to pay for another role or VM or something to host the cache. Now, you can use a portion of the memory from each instance of a Web role to act as that cache, with no additional cost. That’s huge. So if you’re using a percentage of memory that comes out to 100 MB, and you have three instances running, that’s 300 MB available for caching. For the uninitiated, a Web role in Azure is essentially a VM that runs a Web app (worker roles are the same idea, only without the IIS part). You can spin up many instances of the role, and traffic is load balanced to the various instances. It’s like adding or removing servers to a Web farm all willy-nilly and at your discretion, and it’s what the cloud is all about. I’d say it’s my favorite thing about Windows Azure. The slightly annoying thing about developing for a Web role in Azure is that the local emulator that’s launched by Visual Studio is a little on the slow side. If you’re used to using the built-in Web server, you’re used to building and then alt-tabbing to your browser and refreshing a page. If you’re just changing an MVC view, you’re not even doing the building part. Spinning up the simulated Azure environment is too slow for this, but ideally you want to code your app to use this fantastic distributed cache mechanism. So first off, here’s the link to the page showing how to code using the caching feature. If you’re used to using HttpRuntime.Cache, this should be pretty familiar to you. Let’s say that you want to use the Azure cache preview when you’re running in Azure, but HttpRuntime.Cache if you’re running local, or in a regular IIS server environment. Through the magic of dependency injection, we can get there pretty quickly. First, design an interface to handle the cache insertion, fetching and removal. Mine looks like this: public interface ICacheProvider {     void Add(string key, object item, int duration);     T Get<T>(string key) where T : class;     void Remove(string key); } Now we’ll create two implementations of this interface… one for Azure cache, one for HttpRuntime: public class AzureCacheProvider : ICacheProvider {     public AzureCacheProvider()     {         _cache = new DataCache("default"); // in Microsoft.ApplicationServer.Caching, see how-to      }         private readonly DataCache _cache;     public void Add(string key, object item, int duration)     {         _cache.Add(key, item, new TimeSpan(0, 0, 0, 0, duration));     }     public T Get<T>(string key) where T : class     {         return _cache.Get(key) as T;     }     public void Remove(string key)     {         _cache.Remove(key);     } } public class LocalCacheProvider : ICacheProvider {     public LocalCacheProvider()     {         _cache = HttpRuntime.Cache;     }     private readonly System.Web.Caching.Cache _cache;     public void Add(string key, object item, int duration)     {         _cache.Insert(key, item, null, DateTime.UtcNow.AddMilliseconds(duration), System.Web.Caching.Cache.NoSlidingExpiration);     }     public T Get<T>(string key) where T : class     {         return _cache[key] as T;     }     public void Remove(string key)     {         _cache.Remove(key);     } } Feel free to expand these to use whatever cache features you want. I’m not going to go over dependency injection here, but I assume that if you’re using ASP.NET MVC, you’re using it. Somewhere in your app, you set up the DI container that resolves interfaces to concrete implementations (Ninject call is a “kernel” instead of a container). For this example, I’ll show you how StructureMap does it. It uses a convention based scheme, where if you need to get an instance of IFoo, it looks for a class named Foo. You can also do this mapping explicitly. The initialization of the container looks something like this: ObjectFactory.Initialize(x =>             {                 x.Scan(scan =>                         {                             scan.AssembliesFromApplicationBaseDirectory();                             scan.WithDefaultConventions();                         });                 if (Microsoft.WindowsAzure.ServiceRuntime.RoleEnvironment.IsAvailable)                     x.For<ICacheProvider>().Use<AzureCacheProvider>();                 else                     x.For<ICacheProvider>().Use<LocalCacheProvider>();             }); If you use Ninject or Windsor or something else, that’s OK. Conceptually they’re all about the same. The important part is the conditional statement that checks to see if the app is running in Azure. If it is, it maps ICacheProvider to AzureCacheProvider, otherwise it maps to LocalCacheProvider. Now when a request comes into your MVC app, and the chain of dependency resolution occurs, you can see to it that the right caching code is called. A typical design may have a call stack that goes: Controller –> BusinessLogicClass –> Repository. Let’s say your repository class looks like this: public class MyRepo : IMyRepo {     public MyRepo(ICacheProvider cacheProvider)     {         _context = new MyDataContext();         _cache = cacheProvider;     }     private readonly MyDataContext _context;     private readonly ICacheProvider _cache;     public SomeType Get(int someTypeID)     {         var key = "somename-" + someTypeID;         var cachedObject = _cache.Get<SomeType>(key);         if (cachedObject != null)         {             _context.SomeTypes.Attach(cachedObject);             return cachedObject;         }         var someType = _context.SomeTypes.SingleOrDefault(p => p.SomeTypeID == someTypeID);         _cache.Add(key, someType, 60000);         return someType;     } ... // more stuff to update, delete or whatever, being sure to remove // from cache when you do so  When the DI container gets an instance of the repo, it passes an instance of ICacheProvider to the constructor, which in this case will be whatever implementation was specified when the container was initialized. The Get method first tries to hit the cache, and of course doesn’t care what the underlying implementation is, Azure, HttpRuntime, or otherwise. If it finds the object, it returns it right then. If not, it hits the database (this example is using Entity Framework), and inserts the object into the cache before returning it. The important thing not pictured here is that other methods in the repo class will construct the key for the cached object, in this case “somename-“ plus the ID of the object, and then remove it from cache, in any method that alters or deletes the object. That way, no matter what instance of the role is processing the request, it won’t find the object if it has been made stale, that is, updated or outright deleted, forcing it to attempt to hit the database. So is this good technique? Well, sort of. It depends on how you use it, and what your testing looks like around it. Because of differences in behavior and execution of the two caching providers, for example, you could see some strange errors. For example, I immediately got an error indicating there was no parameterless constructor for an MVC controller, because the DI resolver failed to create instances for the dependencies it had. In reality, the NuGet packaged DI resolver for StructureMap was eating an exception thrown by the Azure components that said my configuration, outlined in that how-to article, was wrong. That error wouldn’t occur when using the HttpRuntime. That’s something a lot of people debate about using different components like that, and how you configure them. I kinda hate XML config files, and like the idea of the code-based approach above, but you should be darn sure that your unit and integration testing can account for the differences.

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  • Achieve Named Criteria with multiple tables in EJB Data control

    - by Deepak Siddappa
    In EJB create a named criteria using sparse xml and in named criteria wizard, only attributes related to the that particular entities will be displayed.  So here we can filter results only on particular entity bean. Take a scenario where we need to create Named Criteria based on multiple tables using EJB. In BC4J we can achieve this by creating view object based on multiple tables. So in this article, we will try to achieve named criteria based on multiple tables using EJB.Implementation StepsCreate Java EE Web Application with entity based on Departments and Employees, then create a session bean and data control for the session bean.Create a Java Bean, name as CustomBean and add below code to the file. Here in java bean from both Departments and Employees tables three fields are taken. public class CustomBean { private BigDecimal departmentId; private String departmentName; private BigDecimal locationId; private BigDecimal employeeId; private String firstName; private String lastName; public CustomBean() { super(); } public void setDepartmentId(BigDecimal departmentId) { this.departmentId = departmentId; } public BigDecimal getDepartmentId() { return departmentId; } public void setDepartmentName(String departmentName) { this.departmentName = departmentName; } public String getDepartmentName() { return departmentName; } public void setLocationId(BigDecimal locationId) { this.locationId = locationId; } public BigDecimal getLocationId() { return locationId; } public void setEmployeeId(BigDecimal employeeId) { this.employeeId = employeeId; } public BigDecimal getEmployeeId() { return employeeId; } public void setFirstName(String firstName) { this.firstName = firstName; } public String getFirstName() { return firstName; } public void setLastName(String lastName) { this.lastName = lastName; } public String getLastName() { return lastName; } } Open the sessionEJb file and add the below code to the session bean and expose the method in local/remote interface and generate a data control for that. Note:- Here in the below code "em" is a EntityManager. public List<CustomBean> getCustomBeanFindAll() { String queryString = "select d.department_id, d.department_name, d.location_id, e.employee_id, e.first_name, e.last_name from departments d, employees e\n" + "where e.department_id = d.department_id"; Query genericSearchQuery = em.createNativeQuery(queryString, "CustomQuery"); List resultList = genericSearchQuery.getResultList(); Iterator resultListIterator = resultList.iterator(); List<CustomBean> customList = new ArrayList(); while (resultListIterator.hasNext()) { Object col[] = (Object[])resultListIterator.next(); CustomBean custom = new CustomBean(); custom.setDepartmentId((BigDecimal)col[0]); custom.setDepartmentName((String)col[1]); custom.setLocationId((BigDecimal)col[2]); custom.setEmployeeId((BigDecimal)col[3]); custom.setFirstName((String)col[4]); custom.setLastName((String)col[5]); customList.add(custom); } return customList; } Open the DataControls.dcx file and create sparse xml for customBean. In sparse xml navigate to Named criteria tab -> Bind Variable section, create two binding variables deptId,fName. In sparse xml navigate to Named criteria tab ->Named criteria, create a named criteria and map the query attributes to the bind variables. In the ViewController create a file jspx page, from data control palette drop customBeanFindAll->Named Criteria->CustomBeanCriteria->Query as ADF Query Panel with Table. Run the jspx page and enter values in search form with departmentId as 50 and firstName as "M". Named criteria will filter the query of a data source and display the result like below.

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  • Blueprints for Oracle NoSQL Database

    - by dan.mcclary
    I think that some of the most interesting analytic problems are graph problems.  I'm always interested in new ways to store and access graphs.  As such, I really like the work being done by Tinkerpop to create Open Source Software to make property graphs more accessible over a wide variety of datastores.  Since key-value stores like Oracle NoSQL Database are well-suited to storing property graphs, I decided to extend the Blueprints API to work with it.  Below I'll discuss some of the implementation details, but you can check out the finished product here: http://github.com/dwmclary/blueprints-oracle-nosqldb.  What's in a Property Graph?  In the most general sense, a graph is just a collection of vertices and edges.  Vertices and edges can have properties: weights, names, or any number of other traits.  In an undirected graph, edges connect vertices without direction.  A directed graph specifies that all edges have a head and a tail --- a direction.  A multi-graph allows multiple edges to connect two vertices.  A "property graph" encompasses all of these traits. Key-Value Stores for Property Graphs Key-Value stores like Oracle NoSQL Database tend to be ideal for implementing property graphs.  First, if any vertex or edge can have any number of traits, we can treat it as a hash map.  For example: Vertex["name"] = "Mary" Vertex["age"] = 28 Vertex["ID"] = 12345  and so on.  This is a natural key-value relationship: the key "name" maps to the value "Mary."  Moreover if we maintain two hash maps, one for vertex objects and one for edge objects, we've essentially captured the graph.  As such, any scalable key-value store is fertile ground for planting graphs. Oracle NoSQL Database as a Scalable Graph Database While Oracle NoSQL Database offers useful features like tunable consistency, what lends it to storing property graphs is the storage guarantees around its key structure.  Keys in Oracle NoSQL Database are divided into two parts: a major key and a minor key.  The storage guarantee is simple.  Major keys will be distributed across storage nodes, which could encompass a large number of servers.  However, all minor keys which are children of a given major key are guaranteed to be stored on the same storage node.  For example, the vertices: /Personnel/Vertex/1  and /Personnel/Vertex/2 May be stored on different servers, but /Personnel/Vertex/1-/name and  /Personnel/Vertex/1-/age will always be on the same server.  This means that we can structure our graph database such that retrieving all the properties for a vertex or edge requires I/O from only a single storage node.  Moreover, Oracle NoSQL Database provides a storeIterator which allows us to store a huge number of vertices and edges in a scalable fashion.  By storing the vertices and edges as major keys, we guarantee that they are distributed evenly across all storage nodes.  At the same time we can use a partial major key to iterate over all the vertices or edges (e.g. we search over /Personnel/Vertex to iterate over all vertices). Fork It! The Blueprints API and Oracle NoSQL Database present a great way to get started using a scalable key-value database to store and access graph data.  However, a graph store isn't useful without a good graph to work on.  I encourage you to fork or pull the repository, store some data, and try using Gremlin or any other language to explore.

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  • How to write simple code using TDD [migrated]

    - by adeel41
    Me and my colleagues do a small TDD-Kata practice everyday for 30 minutes. For reference this is the link for the excercise http://osherove.com/tdd-kata-1/ The objective is to write better code using TDD. This is my code which I've written public class Calculator { public int Add( string numbers ) { const string commaSeparator = ","; int result = 0; if ( !String.IsNullOrEmpty( numbers ) ) result = numbers.Contains( commaSeparator ) ? AddMultipleNumbers( GetNumbers( commaSeparator, numbers ) ) : ConvertToNumber( numbers ); return result; } private int AddMultipleNumbers( IEnumerable getNumbers ) { return getNumbers.Sum(); } private IEnumerable GetNumbers( string separator, string numbers ) { var allNumbers = numbers .Replace( "\n", separator ) .Split( new string[] { separator }, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries ); return allNumbers.Select( ConvertToNumber ); } private int ConvertToNumber( string number ) { return Convert.ToInt32( number ); } } and the tests for this class are [TestFixture] public class CalculatorTests { private int ArrangeAct( string numbers ) { var calculator = new Calculator(); return calculator.Add( numbers ); } [Test] public void Add_WhenEmptyString_Returns0() { Assert.AreEqual( 0, ArrangeAct( String.Empty ) ); } [Test] [Sequential] public void Add_When1Number_ReturnNumber( [Values( "1", "56" )] string number, [Values( 1, 56 )] int expected ) { Assert.AreEqual( expected, ArrangeAct( number ) ); } [Test] public void Add_When2Numbers_AddThem() { Assert.AreEqual( 3, ArrangeAct( "1,2" ) ); } [Test] public void Add_WhenMoreThan2Numbers_AddThemAll() { Assert.AreEqual( 6, ArrangeAct( "1,2,3" ) ); } [Test] public void Add_SeparatorIsNewLine_AddThem() { Assert.AreEqual( 6, ArrangeAct( @"1 2,3" ) ); } } Now I'll paste code which they have written public class StringCalculator { private const char Separator = ','; public int Add( string numbers ) { const int defaultValue = 0; if ( ShouldReturnDefaultValue( numbers ) ) return defaultValue; return ConvertNumbers( numbers ); } private int ConvertNumbers( string numbers ) { var numberParts = GetNumberParts( numbers ); return numberParts.Select( ConvertSingleNumber ).Sum(); } private string[] GetNumberParts( string numbers ) { return numbers.Split( Separator ); } private int ConvertSingleNumber( string numbers ) { return Convert.ToInt32( numbers ); } private bool ShouldReturnDefaultValue( string numbers ) { return String.IsNullOrEmpty( numbers ); } } and the tests [TestFixture] public class StringCalculatorTests { [Test] public void Add_EmptyString_Returns0() { ArrangeActAndAssert( String.Empty, 0 ); } [Test] [TestCase( "1", 1 )] [TestCase( "2", 2 )] public void Add_WithOneNumber_ReturnsThatNumber( string numberText, int expected ) { ArrangeActAndAssert( numberText, expected ); } [Test] [TestCase( "1,2", 3 )] [TestCase( "3,4", 7 )] public void Add_WithTwoNumbers_ReturnsSum( string numbers, int expected ) { ArrangeActAndAssert( numbers, expected ); } [Test] public void Add_WithThreeNumbers_ReturnsSum() { ArrangeActAndAssert( "1,2,3", 6 ); } private void ArrangeActAndAssert( string numbers, int expected ) { var calculator = new StringCalculator(); var result = calculator.Add( numbers ); Assert.AreEqual( expected, result ); } } Now the question is which one is better? My point here is that we do not need so many small methods initially because StringCalculator has no sub classes and secondly the code itself is so simple that we don't need to break it up too much that it gets confusing after having so many small methods. Their point is that code should read like english and also its better if they can break it up earlier than doing refactoring later and third when they will do refactoring it would be much easier to move these methods quite easily into separate classes. My point of view against is that we never made a decision that code is difficult to understand so why we are breaking it up so early. So I need a third person's opinion to understand which option is much better.

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  • Excel: conditionally format a cell using the format of another, content-matching cell

    - by Eric A. Meyer
    I have an Excel spreadsheet where I’d like to be able to create a “key” of formatted cells with unique values, and then in another sheet format cells using the key formatting. So for example, my key is as follows, with one value per cell and the visual formatting indicated in parentheses: A (red background) B (green background) C (blue background) So that’s on one sheet (or in a remote corner of the current sheet—whichever is better). Then, in an area that I mark for conditional formatting, I can type one of those three letters and have the cell where I typed it visually formatted according to the key. So if I type a “B” into one of the conditionally formatted cells, it gets a green background. (Note that I’m using backgrounds here solely for ease of explanation: ideally I want to have all visual formatting copied over, whether it’s foreground color, background color, font weight, borders, or whatever. But I’ll take what I can get, obviously.) And—just to make it extra-tricky—if I change the formatting in the key, that change should be reflected in cells that reference the key. Thus, if I change the “B” formatting in the key from a green background to a purple background, any “B” in the main sheet should switch to the new color. Similarly, it should be possible to add or remove values from the key and have those changes applied to the main data set. I’m okay with the formatting-update-on-key-change being triggered by clicking a button or something. I suspect that if any of this is possible it will require VBA, but I’ve never used it so I’ve no idea where to start if that’s the case. I’m hoping it’s possible without VBA. I know it’s possible to just use multiple conditional formats, but my use case here is that I’m trying to create the above-described capability for someone who isn’t conversant with conditional formatting. I’d like to let them be able to define a key, update it if necessary, and keep on truckin’ without me having to rewrite the spreadsheet’s formatting rules for them. --- UPDATE --- So I think I was a bit unclear about my original request. Let me try again with an image. The image shows the “key” on the left, where values and styles are defined using keyboard and mouse input. On the right, you see the data that should be formatted to match the key. Thus if I type a “C” into a cell in the Data area, it should be blue-backed. Furthermore, if I change the formatting of “C” in the Key to have a purple background, all the “C” cells should switch from blue to purple. For further craziness, if I add more to the Key (say, “D” with a yellow background) then any “D” cells will be styled to match; if I remove a Key entry, then matching values in the Data area should revert to default styling. So. Is that more clear? Is it possible, in whole or in part? I don’t have to use conditional formatting for this; in fact, at this point I suspect I probably shouldn’t. But I’m open to any approach!

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  • Launchd item no longer firing in Snow Leopard

    - by ridogi
    A launchd item that was working in 10.5 is no longer working after my upgrade to 10.6. I am running 10.6.2 and I have recreated the launchd item and given it a new name and that one doesn't run either. I have found a link of people with the same problem on google groups but none of the advice in that link helps. My launchd item is not listed in /private/var/db/launchd.db/com.apple.launchd/overrides.plist or in any of the overrides.plist files in the subdirectories of /private/var/db/launchd.db/ I have also tried to set this up as both a user agent and a user daemon. My launchd item simply runs a shell script, which I have no problem launching manually. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd"> <plist version="1.0"> <dict> <key>Label</key> <string>com.eric.tmnotify.launchd</string> <key>ProgramArguments</key> <array> <string>/<path_to>/tmnotify.sh</string> </array> <key>StartInterval</key> <integer>3600</integer> </dict> </plist> I have tried to load it by overriding the disabled key (even though it is not disabled in any of the overrides.plist files) with both: sudo launchctl load -F /Users/eric/Library/LaunchAgents/com.eric.tmnotify.launchd.plist sudo launchctl load -w /Users/eric/Library/LaunchAgents/com.eric.tmnotify.launchd.plist and after running either of them I can see that it is running by using sudo launchctl list but the shell script never fires. Edit: I have also put this in the formerly blank file at /private/var/db/launchd.db/com.apple.launchd.peruser.501/overrides.plist : <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd"> <plist version="1.0"> <dict> <key>com.eric.tmnotify.launchd</key> <dict> <key>Disabled</key> <false/> </dict> </dict> </plist> I also tried inserting this alphabetically: <key>com.eric.tmnotify.launchd</key> <dict> <key>Disabled</key> <false/> </dict> into the file /private/var/db/launchd.db/com.apple.launchd/overrides.plist but still no dice.

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  • c# How to Verify Signature, Loading PUBLIC KEY From PEM file?

    - by bbirtle
    I'm posting this in the hope it saves somebody else the hours I lost on this really stupid problem involving converting formats of public keys. If anybody sees a simpler solution or a problem, please let me know! The eCommerce system I'm using sends me some data along with a signature. They also give me their public key in .pem format. The .pem file looks like this: -----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY----- MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQDe+hkicNP7ROHUssGNtHwiT2Ew HFrSk/qwrcq8v5metRtTTFPE/nmzSkRnTs3GMpi57rBdxBBJW5W9cpNyGUh0jNXc VrOSClpD5Ri2hER/GcNrxVRP7RlWOqB1C03q4QYmwjHZ+zlM4OUhCCAtSWflB4wC Ka1g88CjFwRw/PB9kwIDAQAB -----END PUBLIC KEY----- Here's the magic code to turn the above into an "RSACryptoServiceProvider" which is capable of verifying the signature. Uses the BouncyCastle library, since .NET apparently (and appallingly cannot do it without some major headaches involving certificate files): RSACryptoServiceProvider thingee; using (var reader = File.OpenText(@"c:\pemfile.pem")) { var x = new PemReader(reader); var y = (RsaKeyParameters)x.ReadObject(); thingee = (RSACryptoServiceProvider)RSACryptoServiceProvider.Create(); var pa = new RSAParameters(); pa.Modulus = y.Modulus.ToByteArray(); pa.Exponent = y.Exponent.ToByteArray(); thingee.ImportParameters(pa); } And then the code to actually verify the signature: var signature = ... //reads from the packet sent by the eCommerce system var data = ... //reads from the packet sent by the eCommerce system var sha = new SHA1CryptoServiceProvider(); byte[] hash = sha.ComputeHash(Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(data)); byte[] bSignature = Convert.FromBase64String(signature); ///Verify signature, FINALLY: var hasValidSig = thingee.VerifyHash(hash, CryptoConfig.MapNameToOID("SHA1"), bSignature);

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  • How to provide stl like container with public const iterator and private non-const iterator?

    - by WilliamKF
    Hello, I am deriving a class privately from std::list and wish to provide public begin() and end() for const_iterator and private begin() and end() for just plain iterator. However, the compiler is seeing the private version and complaining that it is private instead of using the public const version. I understand that C++ will not overload on return type (in this case const_iterator and iterator) and thus it is choosing the non-const version since my object is not const. Short of casting my object to const before calling begin() or not overloading the name begin is there a way to accomplish this? I would think this is a known pattern that folks have solved before and would like to follow suit as to how this is typically solved. class myObject; class myContainer : private std::list<myObject> { public: typedef std::list<myObject>::const_iterator myContainer::const_iterator; private: typedef std::list<myObject>::iterator myContainer::iterator; public: myContainer::const_iterator begin() const { return std::list<myObject>::begin(); } myContainer::const_iterator end() const { return std::list<myObject>::end(); } private: myContainer::iterator begin() { return std::list<myObject>::begin(); } myContainer::iterator end() { return std::list<myObject>::end(); } }; void myFunction(myContainer &container) { myContainer::const_iterator aItr = container.begin(); myContainer::const_iterator aEndItr = container.end(); for (; aItr != aEndItr; ++aItr) { const myObject &item = *aItr; // Do something const on container's contents. } } The error from the compiler is something like this: ../../src/example.h:447: error: `std::_List_iterator<myObject> myContainer::begin()' is private caller.cpp:2393: error: within this context ../../src/example.h:450: error: `std::_List_iterator<myObject> myContainer::end()' is private caller.cpp:2394: error: within this context Thanks. -William

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  • Hot to set class variable to be visible to its public static methods?

    - by RCola
    Why I can noy access my variable p in mull form iterate method? How to resolve a problem? Hot to set class variable to be visible to its public static methods? public class mull { public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { final JPanel p = createAndShowGUI(); Timer timer = new Timer(1000, new MyTimerActionListener()); timer.start(); try { Thread.sleep(10000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { } timer.stop(); public static void iterate(){ for (int i = 0; i < 55; i++){ // "p cannot be resolved" p.moveSquare(i*10, i*10); p.setParamsRing(i*5, i*7, 200, 200); // p.repaint(); } } } class MyPanel extends JPanel { .... } How to access variable set in another method (in this example main())? Why Eclipse forces me to use this ((MyPanel) p).setParamsRing(i*5, i*7, 200, 200); instead of this p.setParamsRing(i*5, i*7, 200, 200);?

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  • What is the most efficient way to convert to binary and back in C#?

    - by Saad Imran.
    I'm trying to write a general purpose socket server for a game I'm working on. I know I could very well use already built servers like SmartFox and Photon, but I wan't to go through the pain of creating one myself for learning purposes. I've come up with a BSON inspired protocol to convert the the basic data types, their arrays, and a special GSObject to binary and arrange them in a way so that it can be put back together into object form on the client end. At the core, the conversion methods utilize the .Net BitConverter class to convert the basic data types to binary. Anyways, the problem is performance, if I loop 50,000 times and convert my GSObject to binary each time it takes about 5500ms (the resulting byte[] is just 192 bytes per conversion). I think think this would be way too slow for an MMO that sends 5-10 position updates per second with a 1000 concurrent users. Yes, I know it's unlikely that a game will have a 1000 users on at the same time, but like I said earlier this is supposed to be a learning process for me, I want to go out of my way and build something that scales well and can handle at least a few thousand users. So yea, if anyone's aware of other conversion techniques or sees where I'm loosing performance I would appreciate the help. GSBitConverter.cs This is the main conversion class, it adds extension methods to main datatypes to convert to the binary format. It uses the BitConverter class to convert the base types. I've shown only the code to convert integer and integer arrays, but the rest of the method are pretty much replicas of those two, they just overload the type. public static class GSBitConverter { public static byte[] ToGSBinary(this short value) { return BitConverter.GetBytes(value); } public static byte[] ToGSBinary(this IEnumerable<short> value) { List<byte> bytes = new List<byte>(); short length = (short)value.Count(); bytes.AddRange(length.ToGSBinary()); for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) bytes.AddRange(value.ElementAt(i).ToGSBinary()); return bytes.ToArray(); } public static byte[] ToGSBinary(this bool value); public static byte[] ToGSBinary(this IEnumerable<bool> value); public static byte[] ToGSBinary(this IEnumerable<byte> value); public static byte[] ToGSBinary(this int value); public static byte[] ToGSBinary(this IEnumerable<int> value); public static byte[] ToGSBinary(this long value); public static byte[] ToGSBinary(this IEnumerable<long> value); public static byte[] ToGSBinary(this float value); public static byte[] ToGSBinary(this IEnumerable<float> value); public static byte[] ToGSBinary(this double value); public static byte[] ToGSBinary(this IEnumerable<double> value); public static byte[] ToGSBinary(this string value); public static byte[] ToGSBinary(this IEnumerable<string> value); public static string GetHexDump(this IEnumerable<byte> value); } Program.cs Here's the the object that I'm converting to binary in a loop. class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { GSObject obj = new GSObject(); obj.AttachShort("smallInt", 15); obj.AttachInt("medInt", 120700); obj.AttachLong("bigInt", 10900800700); obj.AttachDouble("doubleVal", Math.PI); obj.AttachStringArray("muppetNames", new string[] { "Kermit", "Fozzy", "Piggy", "Animal", "Gonzo" }); GSObject apple = new GSObject(); apple.AttachString("name", "Apple"); apple.AttachString("color", "red"); apple.AttachBool("inStock", true); apple.AttachFloat("price", (float)1.5); GSObject lemon = new GSObject(); apple.AttachString("name", "Lemon"); apple.AttachString("color", "yellow"); apple.AttachBool("inStock", false); apple.AttachFloat("price", (float)0.8); GSObject apricoat = new GSObject(); apple.AttachString("name", "Apricoat"); apple.AttachString("color", "orange"); apple.AttachBool("inStock", true); apple.AttachFloat("price", (float)1.9); GSObject kiwi = new GSObject(); apple.AttachString("name", "Kiwi"); apple.AttachString("color", "green"); apple.AttachBool("inStock", true); apple.AttachFloat("price", (float)2.3); GSArray fruits = new GSArray(); fruits.AddGSObject(apple); fruits.AddGSObject(lemon); fruits.AddGSObject(apricoat); fruits.AddGSObject(kiwi); obj.AttachGSArray("fruits", fruits); Stopwatch w1 = Stopwatch.StartNew(); for (int i = 0; i < 50000; i++) { byte[] b = obj.ToGSBinary(); } w1.Stop(); Console.WriteLine(BitConverter.IsLittleEndian ? "Little Endian" : "Big Endian"); Console.WriteLine(w1.ElapsedMilliseconds + "ms"); } Here's the code for some of my other classes that are used in the code above. Most of it is repetitive. GSObject GSArray GSWrappedObject

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  • Detecting Idle Time with Global Mouse and Keyboard Hooks in WPF

    - by jdanforth
    Years and years ago I wrote this blog post about detecting if the user was idle or active at the keyboard (and mouse) using a global hook. Well that code was for .NET 2.0 and Windows Forms and for some reason I wanted to try the same in WPF and noticed that a few things around the keyboard and mouse hooks didn’t work as expected in the WPF environment. So I had to change a few things and here’s the code for it, working in .NET 4. I took the liberty and refactored a few things while at it and here’s the code now. I’m sure I will need it in the far future as well. using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Runtime.InteropServices; namespace Irm.Tim.Snapper.Util { public class ClientIdleHandler : IDisposable { public bool IsActive { get; set; } int _hHookKbd; int _hHookMouse; public delegate int HookProc(int nCode, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam); public event HookProc MouseHookProcedure; public event HookProc KbdHookProcedure; //Use this function to install thread-specific hook. [DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall)] public static extern int SetWindowsHookEx(int idHook, HookProc lpfn, IntPtr hInstance, int threadId); //Call this function to uninstall the hook. [DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall)] public static extern bool UnhookWindowsHookEx(int idHook); //Use this function to pass the hook information to next hook procedure in chain. [DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall)] public static extern int CallNextHookEx(int idHook, int nCode, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam); //Use this hook to get the module handle, needed for WPF environment [DllImport("kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)] public static extern IntPtr GetModuleHandle(string lpModuleName); public enum HookType : int { GlobalKeyboard = 13, GlobalMouse = 14 } public int MouseHookProc(int nCode, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam) { //user is active, at least with the mouse IsActive = true; Debug.Print("Mouse active"); //just return the next hook return CallNextHookEx(_hHookMouse, nCode, wParam, lParam); } public int KbdHookProc(int nCode, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam) { //user is active, at least with the keyboard IsActive = true; Debug.Print("Keyboard active"); //just return the next hook return CallNextHookEx(_hHookKbd, nCode, wParam, lParam); } public void Start() { using (var currentProcess = Process.GetCurrentProcess()) using (var mainModule = currentProcess.MainModule) { if (_hHookMouse == 0) { // Create an instance of HookProc. MouseHookProcedure = new HookProc(MouseHookProc); // Create an instance of HookProc. KbdHookProcedure = new HookProc(KbdHookProc); //register a global hook _hHookMouse = SetWindowsHookEx((int)HookType.GlobalMouse, MouseHookProcedure, GetModuleHandle(mainModule.ModuleName), 0); if (_hHookMouse == 0) { Close(); throw new ApplicationException("SetWindowsHookEx() failed for the mouse"); } } if (_hHookKbd == 0) { //register a global hook _hHookKbd = SetWindowsHookEx((int)HookType.GlobalKeyboard, KbdHookProcedure, GetModuleHandle(mainModule.ModuleName), 0); if (_hHookKbd == 0) { Close(); throw new ApplicationException("SetWindowsHookEx() failed for the keyboard"); } } } } public void Close() { if (_hHookMouse != 0) { bool ret = UnhookWindowsHookEx(_hHookMouse); if (ret == false) { throw new ApplicationException("UnhookWindowsHookEx() failed for the mouse"); } _hHookMouse = 0; } if (_hHookKbd != 0) { bool ret = UnhookWindowsHookEx(_hHookKbd); if (ret == false) { throw new ApplicationException("UnhookWindowsHookEx() failed for the keyboard"); } _hHookKbd = 0; } } #region IDisposable Members public void Dispose() { if (_hHookMouse != 0 || _hHookKbd != 0) Close(); } #endregion } } The way you use it is quite simple, for example in a WPF application with a simple Window and a TextBlock: <Window x:Class="WpfApplication2.MainWindow" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" Title="MainWindow" Height="350" Width="525"> <Grid> <TextBlock Name="IdleTextBox"/> </Grid> </Window> And in the code behind we wire up the ClientIdleHandler and a DispatcherTimer that ticks every second: public partial class MainWindow : Window { private DispatcherTimer _dispatcherTimer; private ClientIdleHandler _clientIdleHandler; public MainWindow() { InitializeComponent(); } private void Window_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { //start client idle hook _clientIdleHandler = new ClientIdleHandler(); _clientIdleHandler.Start(); //start timer _dispatcherTimer = new DispatcherTimer(); _dispatcherTimer.Tick += TimerTick; _dispatcherTimer.Interval = new TimeSpan(0, 0, 0, 1); _dispatcherTimer.Start(); } private void TimerTick(object sender, EventArgs e) { if (_clientIdleHandler.IsActive) { IdleTextBox.Text = "Active"; //reset IsActive flag _clientIdleHandler.IsActive = false; } else IdleTextBox.Text = "Idle"; } } Remember to reset the ClientIdleHandle IsActive flag after a check.

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  • How to set public SSH key for root user on server?

    - by amrnt
    I'm trying to follow Slicehost Document to setup my server. I reached SSH section. I made it as written, but when i logged out from root, i cant access root@IP_ADDRESS -p 30000 again! but i can access user@IP_ADDRESS -p 30000. So, the question is, how to set a public SSH key for root user? Thanks in advance!

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  • Why are only some of my objects being rendered?

    - by BleedObsidian
    Every time I create a new asteroid the previous one is no longer rendered? I did some debugging and printed out the size of Array-List 'Small' and when a new asteroid is created it doesn't go down, so the thread is still there it's just not being rendered, Why? StatePlay: package me.bleedobsidian.astroidjump; import org.newdawn.slick.GameContainer; import org.newdawn.slick.Graphics; import org.newdawn.slick.SlickException; import org.newdawn.slick.state.BasicGameState; import org.newdawn.slick.state.StateBasedGame; public class StatePlay extends BasicGameState { int stateID = 10; Player player; Asteroids asteroids; StatePlay(int stateID) { this.stateID = stateID; } @Override public int getID() { return stateID; } @Override public void init(GameContainer gc, StateBasedGame sbg) throws SlickException { ResManager.loadImages(); player = new Player(); asteroids = new Asteroids(); } @Override public void render(GameContainer gc, StateBasedGame sbg, Graphics g) throws SlickException { g.setAntiAlias(true); player.render(g); asteroids.render(g); g.drawString("Asteroids: " + Asteroids.small.size(), 10, 25); } @Override public void update(GameContainer gc, StateBasedGame sbg, int delta) throws SlickException { player.update(gc, delta); asteroids.update(delta); } } Asteroids: package me.bleedobsidian.astroidjump; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Timer; import org.newdawn.slick.Graphics; import org.newdawn.slick.Image; import org.newdawn.slick.SpriteSheet; public class Asteroids { public static ArrayList<Asteroid_Small> small = new ArrayList<Asteroid_Small>(); static SpriteSheet small_sprites = new SpriteSheet(ResManager.asteroids_small_ss, 32, 32); static Image small_1 = small_sprites.getSubImage(0, 0); static Image small_2 = small_sprites.getSubImage(1, 0); static Image small_3 = small_sprites.getSubImage(2, 0); static Image small_4 = small_sprites.getSubImage(3, 0); static boolean asteroids = true; static int diff = 0; Asteroids() { Task_Asteroids TaskA = new Task_Asteroids(); Timer timer = new Timer("Asteroids"); if(diff == 0) { timer.schedule(TaskA, 0, 4000); } else if(diff == 1) { timer.schedule(TaskA, 0, 3000); } } public static Image chooseSmallImage(int i) { if(i == 0) { return small_1; } else if(i == 1) { return small_2; } else if(i == 2) { return small_3; } else if(i == 3) { return small_4; } else { return small_1; } } public static void level_manager(float x) { if(x < 1000) { diff = 0; } else if(x < 2000) { diff = 1; } else if(x < 3000) { diff = 2; } else if(x < 5000) { diff = 3; } else if(x < 10000) { diff = 4; } else { diff = 5; } } public void update(int delta) { for(int s = 0; s < small.size(); s++) { Asteroid_Small as = small.get(s); as.update(delta); } } public void render(Graphics g) { for(int s = 0; s < small.size(); s++) { Asteroid_Small as = small.get(s); as.render(g); } } public static void setAsteroids(boolean tf) { asteroids = tf; } } Asteroid_Small: package me.bleedobsidian.astroidjump; import org.newdawn.slick.Graphics; import org.newdawn.slick.Image; public class Asteroid_Small { private static Image me; private static float x = 0; private static float y = 0; private static float speed = 0; private static float rotation = 0; private static float rotation_speed = 0; Asteroid_Small(Image i, float x, float y, float rs, float sp) { me = i; Asteroid_Small.x = x; Asteroid_Small.y = y; Asteroid_Small.rotation_speed = rs; Asteroid_Small.speed = sp; } public void update(int delta) { x -= speed * delta; rotation += rotation_speed * delta; me.setRotation(rotation); } public void render(Graphics g) { g.drawImage(me, x, y); } } Task_Asteroid: package me.bleedobsidian.astroidjump; import java.util.TimerTask; public class Task_Asteroids extends TimerTask { public void run() { if(Asteroids.diff == 0) { int randImage = (int) (Math.random() * 4); int randHeight = (int) (Math.random() * 480); Asteroids.small.add(new Asteroid_Small(Asteroids.chooseSmallImage(randImage), Player.x + 960, randHeight, 0.05f, 0.04f)); } } }

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  • Visual View for Schema Based Editor

    - by Geertjan
    Starting from yesterday's blog entry, make the following change in the DataObject's constructor: registerEditor("text/x-sample+xml", true); I.e., the MultiDataObject.registerEditor method turns the editor into a multiview component. Now, again, within the DataObject, add the following, to register a source editor in the multiview component: @MultiViewElement.Registration(         displayName = "#LBL_Sample_Source",         mimeType = "text/x-sample+xml",         persistenceType = TopComponent.PERSISTENCE_NEVER,         preferredID = "ShipOrderSourceView",         position = 1000) @NbBundle.Messages({     "LBL_Sample_Source=Source" }) public static MultiViewElement createEditor(Lookup lkp){     return new MultiViewEditorElement(lkp); } Result: Next, let's create a visual editor in the multiview component. This could be within the same module as the above or within a completely separate module. That makes it possible for external contributors to provide modules with new editors in an existing multiview component: @MultiViewElement.Registration(displayName = "#LBL_Sample_Visual", mimeType = "text/x-sample+xml", persistenceType = TopComponent.PERSISTENCE_NEVER, preferredID = "VisualEditorComponent", position = 500) @NbBundle.Messages({ "LBL_Sample_Visual=Visual" }) public class VisualEditorComponent extends JPanel implements MultiViewElement {     public VisualEditorComponent() {         initComponents();     }     @Override     public String getName() {         return "VisualEditorComponent";     }     @Override     public JComponent getVisualRepresentation() {         return this;     }     @Override     public JComponent getToolbarRepresentation() {         return new JToolBar();     }     @Override     public Action[] getActions() {         return new Action[0];     }     @Override     public Lookup getLookup() {         return Lookup.EMPTY;     }     @Override     public void componentOpened() {     }     @Override     public void componentClosed() {     }     @Override     public void componentShowing() {     }     @Override     public void componentHidden() {     }     @Override     public void componentActivated() {     }     @Override     public void componentDeactivated() {     }     @Override     public UndoRedo getUndoRedo() {         return UndoRedo.NONE;     }     @Override     public void setMultiViewCallback(MultiViewElementCallback callback) {     }     @Override     public CloseOperationState canCloseElement() {         return CloseOperationState.STATE_OK;     } } Result: Next, the DataObject is automatically returned from the Lookup of DataObject. Therefore, you can go back to your visual editor, add a LookupListener, listen for DataObjects, parse the underlying XML file, and display values in GUI components within the visual editor.

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  • regex to break a string into "key" / "value" pairs when # of pairs is variable?

    - by user141146
    Hi, I'm using Ruby 1.9 and I'm wondering if there's a simple regex way to do this. I have many strings that look like some variation of this: str = "Allocation: Random, Control: Active Control, Endpoint Classification: Safety Study, Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment, Masking: Double Blind (Subject, Caregiver, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor), Primary Purpose: Treatment" The idea is that I'd like to break this string into its functional components Allocation: Random Control: Active Control Endpoint Classification: Safety Study Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment Masking: Double Blind (Subject, Caregiver, Investigator, Outcomes, Assessor) Primary Purpose: Treatment The "syntax" of the string is that there is a "key" which consists of one or more "words or other characters" (e.g. Intervention Model) followed by a colon (:). Each key has a corresponding "value" (e.g., Parallel Assignment) that immediately follows the colon (:)…The "value" consists of words, commas (whatever), but the end of the "value" is signaled by a comma. The # of key/value pairs is variable. I'm also assuming that colons (:) aren't allowed to be part of the "value" and that commas (,) aren't allowed to be part of the "key". One would think that there is a "regexy" way to break this into its component pieces, but my attempt at making an appropriate matching regex only picks up the first key/value pair and I'm not sure how to capture the others. Any thoughts on how to capture the other matches? regex = /(([^,]+?): ([^:]+?,))+?/ => /(([^,]+?): ([^:]+?,))+?/ irb(main):139:0> str = "Allocation: Random, Control: Active Control, Endpoint Classification: Safety Study, Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment, Masking: Double Blind (Subject, Caregiver, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor), Primary Purpose: Treatment" => "Allocation: Random, Control: Active Control, Endpoint Classification: Safety Study, Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment, Masking: Double Blind (Subject, Caregiver, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor), Primary Purpose: Treatment" irb(main):140:0> str.match regex => #<MatchData "Allocation: Random," 1:"Allocation: Random," 2:"Allocation" 3:" Random,"> irb(main):141:0> $1 => "Allocation: Random," irb(main):142:0> $2 => "Allocation" irb(main):143:0> $3 => " Random," irb(main):144:0> $4 => nil

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  • MySQL forgot about automatically creating an index for a foreign key?

    - by bobo
    After running the following SQL statements, you will see that, MySQL has automatically created the non-unique index question_tag_tag_id_tag_id on the tag_id column for me after the first ALTER TABLE statement has run. But after the second ALTER TABLE statement has run, I think MySQL should also automatically create another non-unique index question_tag_question_id_question_id on the question_id column for me. But as you can see from the SHOW INDEXES statement output, it's not there. Why does MySQL forget about the second ALTER TABLE statement? By the way, since I have already created a unique index question_id_tag_id_idx used by both question_id and tag_id columns. Is creating a separate index for each of them redundant? mysql> DROP DATABASE mydatabase; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> CREATE DATABASE mydatabase; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> USE mydatabase; Database changed mysql> CREATE TABLE question (id BIGINT AUTO_INCREMENT, html TEXT, PRIMARY KEY(id)) ENGINE = INNODB; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec) mysql> CREATE TABLE tag (id BIGINT AUTO_INCREMENT, name VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL, UNIQUE INDEX name_idx (name), PRIMARY KEY(id)) ENGINE = INNODB; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec) mysql> CREATE TABLE question_tag (question_id BIGINT, tag_id BIGINT, UNIQUE INDEX question_id_tag_id_idx (question_id, tag_id), PRIMARY KEY(question_id, tag_id)) ENGINE = INNODB; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> ALTER TABLE question_tag ADD CONSTRAINT question_tag_tag_id_tag_id FOREIGN KEY (tag_id) REFERENCES tag(id); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.10 sec) Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> ALTER TABLE question_tag ADD CONSTRAINT question_tag_question_id_question_id FOREIGN KEY (question_id) REFERENCES question(id); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.13 sec) Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> SHOW INDEXES FROM question_tag; +--------------+------------+----------------------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+ | Table | Non_unique | Key_name | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment | +--------------+------------+----------------------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+ | question_tag | 0 | PRIMARY | 1 | question_id | A | 0 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | | question_tag | 0 | PRIMARY | 2 | tag_id | A | 0 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | | question_tag | 0 | question_id_tag_id_idx | 1 | question_id | A | 0 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | | question_tag | 0 | question_id_tag_id_idx | 2 | tag_id | A | 0 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | | question_tag | 1 | question_tag_tag_id_tag_id | 1 | tag_id | A | 0 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | +--------------+------------+----------------------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+ 5 rows in set (0.01 sec) mysql>

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