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  • What is the purpose of OCaml's Lazy.lazy_from_val?

    - by Ricardo
    The doc of Lazy.lazy_from_val states that this function is for special cases: val lazy_from_val : 'a -> 'a t lazy_from_val v returns an already-forced suspension of v This is for special purposes only and should not be confused with lazy (v). Which cases are they talking about? If I create a pair of suspended computation from a value like: let l1 = lazy 123 let l2 = Lazy.lazy_from_val 123 What is the difference between these two? Because Lazy.lazy_is_val l1 and Lazy.lazy_is_val l2 both return true saying that the value is already forced!

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  • Potential problems porting to different architectures

    - by Brendan Long
    I'm writing a Linux program that currently compiles and works fine on x86 and x86_64, and now I'm wondering if there's anything special I'll need to do to make it work on other architectures. What I've heard is that for cross platform code I should: Don't assume anything about the size of a pointer, int or size_t Don't make assumptions about byte order (I don't do any bit shifting -- I assume gcc will optimize my power of two multiplication/division for me) Don't use assembly blocks (obvious) Make sure your libraries work (I'm using SQLite, libcurl and Boost, which all seem pretty cross-platform) Is there anything else I need to worry about? I'm not currently targeting any other architectures, but I expect to support ARM at some point, and I figure I might as well make it work on any architecture if I can. Also, regarding my second point about byte order, do I need to do anything special with text input? I read files with getline(), so it seems like that should be done automatically as well.

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  • Ruby/RoR: calling original method via super()?

    - by fearless_fool
    In a RoR app, I want to specialize ActiveRecord's update_attributes() method in one of my models, extracting some of the attributes for special handling and passing the rest of them to the original update_attributes() method. The details: class Premise < ActiveRecord::Base ... def update_attributes(attrs) attrs.each_pair do |key, val| unless has_attribute?(key) do_special_processing(key, val) attrs.delete(key) end end # use original update_attributes() to process non-special pairs super.update_attributes(attrs) end ... end The call to super.update_attributes(attr) raises an error: undefined method `update_attributes' for true:TrueClass ... which makes me suspect I really don't understand the super keyword in Ruby. What am I missing? Specifically, how do I call the original update_attributes() method?

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  • String useless character strip - PHP

    - by Zoltan Repas
    Hi! I've got a huge problem. I made a special ID for the things in our webpage. Let's see an example: H0059 - this is the special ID called registration number. The last two chars are the things' id. I'd like to cut off the useless characters, to get the real ID, what means strip the first char, and all the 0s before any other numbers. (Example: L0745 = 745, V1754 = 1754, L0003 = 3, B0141 = 141, P0040 = 40, V8000 = 8000) Please help me in this. I've tried with strreplace and explode but failed :( Thanks for the help.

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  • Is my code really not unit-testable?

    - by John
    A lot of code in a current project is directly related to displaying things using a 3rd-party 3D rendering engine. As such, it's easy to say "this is a special case, you can't unit test it". But I wonder if this is a valid excuse... it's easy to think "I am special" but rarely actually the case. Are there types of code which are genuinely not suited for unit-testing? By suitable, I mean "without it taking longer to figure out how to write the test than is worth the effort"... dealing with a ton of 3D math/rendering it could take a lot of work to prove the output of a function is correct compared with just looking at the rendered graphics.

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  • regex: trim all strings directly preceeded by digit except if string belongs to predefined set of st

    - by Geert-Jan
    I've got addresses I need to clean up for matching purposes. Part of the process is trimming unwanted suffices from housenumbers, e.g: mainstreet 4a --> mainstreet 4. However I don't want: 618 5th Ave SW --> 618 5 Ave SW in other words there are some strings (for now: st, nd, rd, th) which I don't want to strip. What would be the best method of doing this (regex or otherwise) ? a wokring regex without the exceptions would be: a = a.replaceAll("(^| )([0-9]+)[a-z]+($| )","$1$2$3"); //replace 1a --> 1 I thought about first searching and substiting the special cases with special characters while keeping the references in a map, then do the above regex, and then doing the reverse substitute using the reference map, but I'm looking for a simpler solution. Thanks

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  • Using Python simplejson for transmitting JSON to another server results in unicode encoding problems

    - by Mark
    Hi there, I'm encoding a string with Python's simplejson library with special characters: hello testing spécißl characters plusses: +++++ special chars :œ?´®†¥¨ˆøp“ß?ƒ©??°¬O˜çv?˜µ== However, when I encode it and transmit it to the other machine (using POST), it turns out like this: {'message': ['{"body": "hello testing sp\\u00e9ci\\u00dfl characters\\n\\nplusses: \\n\\nspecial chars :\\u0153\\u2211\\u00b4\\u00ae\\u2020\\u00a5\\u00a8\\u02c6\\u00f8\\u03c0\\u201c\\u00df\\u2202\\u0192\\u00a9\\u02d9\\u2206\\u02da\\u00ac\\u03a9\\u2248\\u00e7\\u221a\\u222b\\u02dc\\u00b5\\u2264\\u2265"}']} The + signs are completely stripped and the rest are in this unicode(?) format. My code for this is: data = {'body': data_string} data_encoded = json.dumps(data) Any ideas? Thanks! Edit: I've tried using json.dumps(data, ensure_ascii=False) but it results in a UnicodeError ordinal not in range error.

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  • python dictionary conversion from string?

    - by shahjapan
    if I've string like "{ partner_name = test_partner}" OR " { partner_name : test_partner } its an example string will be very complex with several special characters included like =, [ , ] , { , } what will be the best way to convert it into a python object - so I can process it I tried with eval but it requires " ' " for string, but how can we add this special character \' before starting and ending of every word, I tried regular express re.findal('\w+') but it fails when my string contains ' _ ' or like characters as it will separate the string by ' _ ' Object of this question is my application needs, user friendly language as input - and I thought Json Dict will be good - but user is lazzy to put " ' " before and after of each string... then I thought for yaml but its also complex, if anybody can suggest better user friendly input which I use as python object - then please help me out.

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  • Reflection: How to get the underlying type of a by-ref type

    - by Qwertie
    I was surprised to learn that "ref" and "out" parameters are not marked by a special attribute, despite the existence of ParameterInfo.IsOut, ParameterInfo.IsIn (both of which are always false as far as I can see), ParameterAttributes.In and ParameterAttributes.Out. Instead, "ref" parameters are actually represented by a special kind of "Type" object and "out" parameters are just ref parameters with an additional attribute (what kind of attribute I don't yet know). Anyway, to make a by-ref argument you call Type.MakeByRefType(), but my question is, if you already have a by-ref type, how do you get back to the original Type? Hint: it's not UnderlyingSystemType: Type t = typeof(int); Console.WriteLine(t.MakeByRefType().UnderlyingSystemType==t); // FALSE

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  • How can I check with a regex that a string contains only certain allowed characters?

    - by Camran
    I need a special regular expression, have no experience in them whatsoever so I am turning to you guys on this one: I need to validate a classifieds title field so it doesn't have any special characters in it, almost. Only letters and numbers should be allowed, and also the swedish three letters å, ä, ö, and also not case sensitive. Besides the above, these should also be allowed: The "&" sign. Parenthesis sign "()" Mathematical signs "-", "+", "%", "/", "*" Dollar and Euro signs One accent signed letter: "é". //Only this one is required Double quote and singel quote signs. The comma "," and point "." signs Thanks

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  • GWT Strength compared to other framework??

    - by Noor
    One of the main strength of GWT is to code in java and everything gets compiled and is loaded by several browsers through gwt deferred binding?? Apart from this, i.e. working only on a single code base, do GWT has any other advantage compared to other existing framework?? Edit: I'm trying to say why should we use gwt and not another framework?? What is there in GWT that makes it special for web application development?? What GWT makes for us and another framework or toolkit don't do?? As i said above GWT makes deferred binding which is a plus, so I wanted what other things it do that makes it special and unique??

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  • What do you name the "other" kind of view-model in an MVVM project?

    - by DanM
    With MVVM, I think of a view-model as a class that provides all the data and commands that a view needs to bind to. But what happens when I have a database entity object, say a Customer, and I want to build a class that shapes or flattens the Customer class for use in a data grid. For example, maybe this special Customer object would have a property TotalOrders, which is actually calculated using a join with a collection of Order entities. My question is, what do I call this special Customer class? In other situations, I'd be tempted to call it a CustomerViewModel, but I feel like "overloading" the notion of a view-model like this would be confusing in an MVVM project. What would you suggest?

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  • Will an optimizing compiler remove calls to a method whose result will be multiplied by zero?

    - by Tim R.
    Suppose you have a computationally expensive method, Compute(p), which returns some float, and another method, Falloff(p), which returns another float from zero to one. If you compute Falloff(p) * Compute(p), will Compute(p) still run when Falloff(p) returns zero? Or would you need to write a special case to prevent Compute(p) from running unnecessarily? Theoretically, an optimizing compiler could determine that omitting Compute when Falloff returns zero would have no effect on the program. However, this is kind of hard to test, since if you have Compute output some debug data to determine whether it is running, the compiler would know not to omit it because of that debug info, resulting in sort of a Schrodinger's cat situation. I know the safe solution to this problem is just to add the special case, but I'm just curious.

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  • Understanding prolog [lists]

    - by wwrob
    I am to write a program that does this: ?- pLeap(2,5,X,Y). X = 2, Y = 3 ; X = 3, Y = 4 ; X = 4, Y = 5 ; X = 5, Y = 5 ; false. (gives all pairs X,X+1 between 2 and 5, plus the special case at the end). This is supposedly the solution. I don't really understand how it works, could anyone guide me through it? pLeap(X,X,X,X). pLeap(L,H,X,Y) :- L<H, X is L, Y is X+1. pLeap(L,H,X,Y) :- L=<H, L1 is L+1, pLeap(L1,H,X,Y). I'd do it simply like this: pLeap(L,H,X,Y) :- X >= L, X =< H, Y is X+1. Why doesn't it work (ignoring the special case at the end)?

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  • How SqlDataAdapter works internally?

    - by tigrou
    I wonder how SqlDataAdapter works internally, especially when using UpdateCommand for updating a huge DataTable (since it's usually a lot faster that just sending sql statements from a loop). Here is some idea I have in mind : It creates a prepared sql statement (using SqlCommand.Prepare()) with CommandText filled and sql parameters initialized with correct sql types. Then, it loops on datarows that need to be updated, and for each record, it updates parameters values, and call SqlCommand.ExecuteNonQuery(). It creates a bunch of SqlCommand objects with everything filled inside (CommandText and sql parameters). Several SqlCommands at once are then batched to the server (depending of UpdateBatchSize). It uses some special, low level or undocumented sql driver instructions that allow to perform an update on several rows in a effecient way (rows to update would need to be provided using a special data format and a the same sql query (UpdateCommand here) would be executed against each of these rows).

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  • TypoScript: {field:uid} replacement not working | Different CSS class per menu item

    - by Alex
    I have a header menu and try to define different CSS classes for each item. This is what I have: 20 = HMENU 20 { special = directory special.value = 107 1 = TMENU 1 { wrap = <ul class="foo" id="mymenu">|</ul> expAll = 1 NO = 1 NO.allWrap = <li class="first menu_{field:uid}">|</li> || <li class="menu_{field:uid}">|</li> || <li class="last menu_{field:uid}">|</li> } } But in the HTML output I simply get class="first menu_{field:uid}" and nothing is replaced.

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  • Why would I want to have a non-standard attribute?

    - by dontWatchMyProfile
    The documentation on Core Data entities says: You might implement a custom class, for example, to provide custom accessor or validation methods, to use non-standard attributes, to specify dependent keys, to calculate derived values, or to implement any other custom logic. I stumbled over the non-standard attributes claim. It's just a guess: If my attribute is anything other than NSString, NSNumber or NSDate I will want to have a non-standard Attribute with special setter and getter methods? So, for example, if I wanted to store an image, this would be a non-standard Attribute with type NSData and a special method, say -(void)setImageWithFileURL:(NSURL*)url which then pulls the image data from the file, puts in in an NSData and assigns it to core data? Or did I get that wrong?

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  • Help with php custom popup

    - by user329394
    Hi i have create a custom popup using javascript to use in PHP file. thw popup will appear when user click My Special Website i need to change the title header. Can help me how to do it?? //function: function myPopup() { window.open( "<?=$CFG->wwwroot.'/example.php';?>" ,"myWindow", " height = 300, width = 600, statusbar=0, scrollbars=0,resizable=0, location=0,status=0, directories=0, menubar =0, toolbar =0 , left = 262,top = 234" ) } // call: <a href="#" onclick="myPopup() " >My Special WebSite </a> <span class="style1">*</span> See my sample page:

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  • Some pro regular expressions help needed here

    - by Camran
    I need a special regular expression, have no experience in them whatsoever so I am turning to you guys on this one: I need to validate a classifieds title field so it doesn't have any special characters in it, almost. Only letters and numbers should be allowed, and also the swedish three letters å, ä, ö, and also not case sensitive. Besides the above, these should also be allowed: The "&" sign. Parenthesis sign "()" Mathematical signs "-", "+", "%", "/", "*" Dollar and Euro signs Accent sign or whatever it's called, for example in "coupé" the apostrophe above the "e". Double quote and singel quote signs. The comma "," and point "." signs Thanks

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  • Encapsulating a Windows.Forms.Button

    - by devoured elysium
    I want to define a special kind of button that only allows two possible labels: "ON" and "OFF". I decided to inherit from a Windows.Forms.Button to implement this but now I don't know I how should enforce this rule. Should I just override the Text property like this? public override string Text { set { throw new InvalidOperationException("Invalid operation on StartStopButton!"); } } The problem I see with this is that I am breaking the contract that all buttons should have. If any code tries something like foreach (Button button in myForm) { button.Text = "123"; } they will get an Exception if I have any of my special buttons on the form, which is something that isn't expectable. First, because people think of properties just as "public" variables, not methods, second, because they are used to using and setting whatever they want to buttons without having to worry with Exceptions. Should I instead just make the set property do nothing? That could also lead to awkward results: myButton.Text = "abc"; MessageBox.Show(abc); //not "abc"! The general idea from the OO world is to in this kind of cases use Composition instead of inheritance. public class MySpecialButton : <Some class from System.Windows.Forms that already knows how to draw itself on forms> private Button button = new Button(); //I'd just draw this button on this class //and I'd then only show the fields I consider //relevant to the outside world. ... } But to make the Button "live" on a form it must inherit from some special class. I've looked on Control, but it seems to already have the Text property defined. I guess the ideal situation would be to inherit from some kind of class that wouldn't even have the Text property defined, but that'd have position, size, etc properties available. Upper in the hierarchy, after Control, we have Component, but that looks like a really raw class. Any clue about how to achieve this? I know this was a long post :( Thanks

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  • How can I determine new & previous cell value on SheetChange event in Excel?

    - by Falco Foxburr
    I have some special cells in my Excel workbooks which are managed by my Excel Add-in. I want to prevent users from changing content of those cells, but I also want to know, what value users wanted to enter to those cells. On the SheetChange event I can check what users entered to my special cells, but how do I determine the PREVIOUS value in those cells and REVERT user changes? It is not a solution for me. If I lock cell in Excel, it becomes read-only - user can not even try to enter anything to this cell - Excel popups warning dialog in this case. My problem is that I want to catch what user entered to my cell, do something with this value, and then revert cell content to original value.

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  • Why isn't this message subject encoded properly? (php mail)

    - by Camran
    I use this code to send an email: $headers="MIME-Version: 1.0"."\n"; $headers.="Content-type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8"."\n"; $headers.="From: $name <$email>"."\n"; mail($to, '=?UTF-8?B?'.base64_encode($subject).'?=', $text, $headers, '[email protected]'); If I use special characters Å Ä Ö from the swedish alphabet, they are not encoded properly, so they turn up like ö for ö. However, this doesn't happen if I change the $to variable to a gmail account email, then they are shown correctly. Anybody got any idea? Thanks UPDATE: When I echo $name, the name is displayed correctly, in utf8, with all special chars nicely shown.

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  • Bandwidth Limit User

    - by user45611
    Hello, i'm saxtor i would like to know how to limit users bandwidth for 10gb per day however i dont want to limit them by ipaddress because if they where to go to an internet cafe the users at the cafe will be restricted with that quota, i need to log them via sockets, example the user request to download a file from http://localhost with there username and password, when they download the file sql will update there bandwidth they used, i have a script here but its not working my buffer doesnt work that rate when a user uses multiple connections thanks for the help!. /** * @author saxtor if you can improve this code email me @saxtorinc.com * @copyright 2010 / /* * CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS max_traffic ( id int(255) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, limit int(255) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (id) ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=0 ; */ //SQL Connection [this is hackable for testing] date_default_timezone_set("America/Guyana"); mysql_connect("localhost", "root", "") or die(mysql_error()); mysql_select_db("Quota") or die(mysql_error()); function quota($id) { $result = mysql_query("SELECT `limit` FROM max_traffic WHERE id='$id' ") or die(error_log(mysql_error()));; $row = mysql_fetch_array($result); return $row[0]; } function update_quota($id,$value) { $result = mysql_query("UPDATE `max_traffic` SET `limit`='$value' WHERE id='$id'") or die(mysql_error()); return $value; } if ( quota(1) != 0) $limit = quota(1); else $limit = 0; $multipart = false; //was a part of the file requested? (partial download) $range = $_SERVER["HTTP_RANGE"]; if ($range) { //pass client Range header to rapidshare // _insert($range); $cookie .= "\r\nRange: $range"; $multipart = true; header("X-UR-RANGE-Range: $range"); } $url = 'http://127.0.0.1/puppy.iso'; $filename = basename($url); //octet-stream + attachment = client always stores file header('Content-type: application/octet-stream'); header('Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="'.$filename.'"'); //always included so clients know this script supports resuming header("Accept-Ranges: bytes"); //awful hack to pass rapidshare the premium cookie $user_agent = ini_get("user_agent"); ini_set("user_agent", $user_agent . "\r\nCookie: enc=$cookie"); $httphandle = fopen($url, "r"); $headers = stream_get_meta_data($httphandle); $size = $headers["wrapper_data"][6]; $sizer = explode(' ',$size); $size = $sizer[1]; //let's check the return header of rapidshare for range / length indicators //we'll just pass these to the client foreach ($headers["wrapper_data"] as $header) { $header = trim($header); if (substr(strtolower($header), 0, strlen("content-range")) == "content-range") { // _insert($range); header($header); header("X-RS-RANGE-" . $header); $multipart = true; //content-range indicates partial download } elseif (substr(strtolower($header), 0, strlen("Content-Length")) == "content-length") { // _insert($range); header($header); header("X-RS-CL-" . $header); } } if ($multipart) header('HTTP/1.1 206 Partial Content'); flush(); $speed = 4128; $packet = 1; //this is private dont touch. $bufsize = 128; //this is private dont touch/ $bandwidth = 0; //this is private dont touch. while (!(connection_aborted() || connection_status() == 1) && $size > 0) { while (!feof($httphandle) && $size > 0) { if ($limit <= 0 ) $size = 0; if ( $size < $bufsize && $size != 0 && $limit != 0) { echo fread($httphandle,$size); $bandwidth += $size; } else { if( $limit != 0) echo fread($httphandle,$bufsize); $bandwidth += $bufsize; } $size -= $bufsize; $limit -= $bufsize; flush(); if ($speed > 0 && ($bandwidth > $speed*$packet*103)) { usleep(100000); $packet++; //update_quota(1,$limit); } error_log(update_quota(1,$limit)); $limit = quota(1); //if( $size <= 0 ) // exit; } fclose($httphandle); } exit; ?

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