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• getting rid of filesort on WordPress MySQL query

  - by Hans

  An instance of WordPress that I manage goes down about once a day due to this monster MySQL query taking far too long: SELECT SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS distinct wp_posts.* FROM wp_posts LEFT JOIN wp_term_relationships ON (wp_posts.ID = wp_term_relationships.object_id) LEFT JOIN wp_term_taxonomy ON wp_term_taxonomy.term_taxonomy_id = wp_term_relationships.term_taxonomy_id LEFT JOIN wp_ec3_schedule ec3_sch ON ec3_sch.post_id=id WHERE 1=1 AND wp_posts.ID NOT IN ( SELECT tr.object_id FROM wp_term_relationships AS tr INNER JOIN wp_term_taxonomy AS tt ON tr.term_taxonomy_id = tt.term_taxonomy_id WHERE tt.taxonomy = 'category' AND tt.term_id IN ('1050') ) AND wp_posts.post_type = 'post' AND (wp_posts.post_status = 'publish') AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM wp_term_relationships JOIN wp_term_taxonomy ON wp_term_taxonomy.term_taxonomy_id = wp_term_relationships.term_taxonomy_id WHERE wp_term_relationships.object_id = wp_posts.ID AND wp_term_taxonomy.taxonomy = 'category' AND wp_term_taxonomy.term_id IN (533,3567) ) AND ec3_sch.post_id IS NULL GROUP BY wp_posts.ID ORDER BY wp_posts.post_date DESC LIMIT 0, 10; What do I have to do to get rid of the very slow filesort? I would think that the multicolumn type_status_date index would be fast enough. The EXPLAIN EXTENDED output is below. +----+--------------------+-----------------------+--------+-----------------------------------+------------------+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+----------------------------------------------+ | id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra | +----+--------------------+-----------------------+--------+-----------------------------------+------------------+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+----------------------------------------------+ | 1 | PRIMARY | wp_posts | ref | type_status_date | type_status_date | 124 | const,const | 7034 | Using where; Using temporary; Using filesort | | 1 | PRIMARY | wp_term_relationships | ref | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 8 | bwog_wordpress_w.wp_posts.ID | 373 | Using index | | 1 | PRIMARY | wp_term_taxonomy | eq_ref | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 8 | bwog_wordpress_w.wp_term_relationships.term_taxonomy_id | 1 | Using index | | 1 | PRIMARY | ec3_sch | ref | post_id_index | post_id_index | 9 | bwog_wordpress_w.wp_posts.ID | 1 | Using where; Using index | | 3 | DEPENDENT SUBQUERY | wp_term_taxonomy | range | PRIMARY,term_id_taxonomy,taxonomy | term_id_taxonomy | 106 | NULL | 2 | Using where | | 3 | DEPENDENT SUBQUERY | wp_term_relationships | eq_ref | PRIMARY,term_taxonomy_id | PRIMARY | 16 | bwog_wordpress_w.wp_posts.ID,bwog_wordpress_w.wp_term_taxonomy.term_taxonomy_id | 1 | Using index | | 2 | DEPENDENT SUBQUERY | tt | const | PRIMARY,term_id_taxonomy,taxonomy | term_id_taxonomy | 106 | const,const | 1 | | | 2 | DEPENDENT SUBQUERY | tr | eq_ref | PRIMARY,term_taxonomy_id | PRIMARY | 16 | func,const | 1 | Using index | +----+--------------------+-----------------------+--------+-----------------------------------+------------------+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+----------------------------------------------+ 8 rows in set, 2 warnings (0.05 sec) And CREATE TABLE: CREATE TABLE `wp_posts` ( `ID` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL auto_increment, `post_author` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL default '0', `post_date` datetime NOT NULL default '0000-00-00 00:00:00', `post_date_gmt` datetime NOT NULL default '0000-00-00 00:00:00', `post_content` longtext NOT NULL, `post_title` text NOT NULL, `post_excerpt` text NOT NULL, `post_status` varchar(20) NOT NULL default 'publish', `comment_status` varchar(20) NOT NULL default 'open', `ping_status` varchar(20) NOT NULL default 'open', `post_password` varchar(20) NOT NULL default '', `post_name` varchar(200) NOT NULL default '', `to_ping` text NOT NULL, `pinged` text NOT NULL, `post_modified` datetime NOT NULL default '0000-00-00 00:00:00', `post_modified_gmt` datetime NOT NULL default '0000-00-00 00:00:00', `post_content_filtered` text NOT NULL, `post_parent` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL default '0', `guid` varchar(255) NOT NULL default '', `menu_order` int(11) NOT NULL default '0', `post_type` varchar(20) NOT NULL default 'post', `post_mime_type` varchar(100) NOT NULL default '', `comment_count` bigint(20) NOT NULL default '0', `robotsmeta` varchar(64) default NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`ID`), KEY `post_name` (`post_name`), KEY `type_status_date` (`post_type`,`post_status`,`post_date`,`ID`), KEY `post_parent` (`post_parent`), KEY `post_date` (`post_date`), FULLTEXT KEY `post_related` (`post_title`,`post_content`) )

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• SQLiteException and SQLite error near "(": syntax error with Subsonic ActiveRecord

  - by nvuono

  I ran into an interesting error with the following LiNQ query using LiNQPad and when using Subsonic 3.0.x w/ActiveRecord within my project and wanted to share the error and resolution for anyone else who runs into it. The linq statement below is meant to group entries in the tblSystemsValues collection into their appropriate system and then extract the system with the highest ID. from ksf in KeySafetyFunction where ksf.Unit == 2 && ksf.Condition_ID == 1 join sys in tblSystems on ksf.ID equals sys.KeySafetyFunction join xval in (from t in tblSystemsValues group t by t.tblSystems_ID into groupedT select new { sysId = groupedT.Key, MaxID = groupedT.Max(g=>g.ID), MaxText = groupedT.First(gt2 => gt2.ID == groupedT.Max(g=>g.ID)).TextValue, MaxChecked = groupedT.First(gt2 => gt2.ID == groupedT.Max(g=>g.ID)).Checked }) on sys.ID equals xval.sysId select new {KSFDesc=ksf.Description, sys.Description, xval.MaxText, xval.MaxChecked} On its own, the subquery for grouping into groupedT works perfectly and the query to match up KeySafetyFunctions with their System in tblSystems also works perfectly on its own. However, when trying to run the completed query in linqpad or within my project I kept running into a SQLiteException SQLite Error Near "(" First I tried splitting the queries up within my project because I knew that I could just run a foreach loop over the results if necessary. However, I continued to receive the same exception! I eventually separated the query into three separate parts before I realized that it was the lazy execution of the queries that was killing me. It then became clear that adding the .ToList() specifier after the myProtectedSystem query below was the key to avoiding the lazy execution after combining and optimizing the query and being able to get my results despite the problems I encountered with the SQLite driver. // determine the max Text/Checked values for each system in tblSystemsValue var myProtectedValue = from t in tblSystemsValue.All() group t by t.tblSystems_ID into groupedT select new { sysId = groupedT.Key, MaxID = groupedT.Max(g => g.ID), MaxText = groupedT.First(gt2 => gt2.ID ==groupedT.Max(g => g.ID)).TextValue, MaxChecked = groupedT.First(gt2 => gt2.ID ==groupedT.Max(g => g.ID)).Checked}; // get the system description information and filter by Unit/Condition ID var myProtectedSystem = (from ksf in KeySafetyFunction.All() where ksf.Unit == 2 && ksf.Condition_ID == 1 join sys in tblSystem.All() on ksf.ID equals sys.KeySafetyFunction select new {KSFDesc = ksf.Description, sys.Description, sys.ID}).ToList(); // finally join everything together AFTER forcing execution with .ToList() var joined = from protectedSys in myProtectedSystem join protectedVal in myProtectedValue on protectedSys.ID equals protectedVal.sysId select new {protectedSys.KSFDesc, protectedSys.Description, protectedVal.MaxChecked, protectedVal.MaxText}; // print the gratifying debug results foreach(var protectedItem in joined) { System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine(protectedItem.Description + ", " + protectedItem.KSFDesc + ", " + protectedItem.MaxText + ", " + protectedItem.MaxChecked); }

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• rewritten mysql query returning unexpected results, trying to figure out why

  - by dq

  I created a messy query in a hurry a while ago to get a list of product codes. I am now trying to clean up my tables and my code. I recently tried to rewrite the query in order for it to be easier to use and understand. The original query works great, but it requires multiple search strings in order to do one search because it uses UNIONS, and it has a few other issues. My newly modified query is easier to understand, and only requires one search string, but is returning different results. Basically the new query is leaving records out, and I would like to understand why, and how to fix it. Here are the two queries (search strings are all null): Original Query: $query = 'SELECT product_code FROM bus_warehouse_lots WHERE status=\'2\''.$search_string_1 .' UNION SELECT product_code FROM bus_po WHERE status=\'0\''.$search_string_2 .' UNION SELECT bus_warehouse_entries.new_product_code AS product_code FROM (bus_warehouse_entries LEFT JOIN bus_warehouse_transfers ON bus_warehouse_entries.picking_ticket_num=bus_warehouse_transfers.pt_number) LEFT JOIN bus_warehouse_lots ON bus_warehouse_entries.ebooks_lot_id=bus_warehouse_lots.id WHERE bus_warehouse_entries.type=\'6\' AND bus_warehouse_transfers.status=\'0\''.$search_string_3 .' UNION SELECT bus_contracts.main_product AS product_code FROM bus_contracts LEFT JOIN bus_warehouse_lots ON bus_contracts.main_product=bus_warehouse_lots.product_code WHERE bus_contracts.status=\'0\''.$search_string_4 .' UNION SELECT prod_id AS product_code FROM bus_products WHERE last_usage > \''.date('Y-m-d', strtotime('-12 months')).'\''.$search_string_5 .' ORDER BY product_code'; New Query: $query = 'SELECT bus_products.prod_id FROM bus_products' .' LEFT JOIN (bus_warehouse_lots, bus_po, bus_warehouse_entries, bus_contracts) ON (' .'bus_products.prod_id = bus_warehouse_lots.product_code' .' AND bus_products.prod_id = bus_po.product_code' .' AND bus_products.prod_id = bus_warehouse_entries.new_product_code' .' AND bus_products.prod_id = bus_contracts.main_product)' .' LEFT JOIN bus_warehouse_transfers ON' .' bus_warehouse_entries.picking_ticket_num = bus_warehouse_transfers.pt_number' .' WHERE (bus_products.last_usage > \''.date('Y-m-d', strtotime('-12 months')).'\'' .' OR bus_warehouse_lots.status = \'2\'' .' OR bus_po.status = \'0\'' .' OR (bus_warehouse_entries.type = \'6\' AND bus_warehouse_transfers.status = \'0\')' .' OR bus_contracts.status = \'0\')' .$search_string_6 .' GROUP BY bus_products.prod_id' .' ORDER BY bus_products.prod_id';

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• [N]Hibernate: view-like fetching properties of associated class

  - by chiccodoro

  (Felt quite helpless in formulating an appropriate title...) In my C# app I display a list of "A" objects, along with some properties of their associated "B" objects and properties of B's associated "C" objects: A.Name B.Name B.SomeValue C.Name Foo Bar 123 HelloWorld Bar Hello 432 World ... To clarify: A has an FK to B, B has an FK to C. (Such as, e.g. BankAccount - Person - Company). I have tried two approaches to load these properties from the database (using NHibernate): A fast approach and a clean approach. My eventual question is how to do a fast & clean approach. Fast approach: Define a view in the database which joins A, B, C and provides all these fields. In the A class, define properties "BName", "BSomeValue", "CName" Define a hibernate mapping between A and the View, whereas the needed B and C properties are mapped with update="false" insert="false" and do actually stem from B and C tables, but Hibernate is not aware of that since it uses the view. This way, the listing only loads one object per "A" record, which is quite fast. If the code tries to access the actual associated property, "A.B", I issue another HQL query to get B, set the property and update the faked BName and BSomeValue properties as well. Clean approach: There is no view. Class A is mapped to table A, B to B, C to C. When loading the list of A, I do a double left-join-fetch to get B and C as well: from A a left join fetch a.B left join fetch a.B.C B.Name, B.SomeValue and C.Name are accessed through the eagerly loaded associations. The disadvantage of this approach is that it gets slower and takes more memory, since it needs to created and map 3 objects per "A" record: An A, B, and C object each. Fast and clean approach: I feel somehow uncomfortable using a database view that hides a join and treat that in NHibernate as if it was a table. So I would like to do something like: Have no views in the database. Declare properties "BName", "BSomeValue", "CName" in class "A". Define the mapping for A such that NHibernate fetches A and these properties together using a join SQL query as a database view would do. The mapping should still allow for defining lazy many-to-one associations for getting A.B.C My questions: Is this possible? Is it [un]artful? Is there a better way?

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• Stored procedure optimization

  - by George Zacharia

  Hi, i have a stored procedure which takes lot of time to execure .Can any one suggest a better approch so that the same result set is achived. ALTER PROCEDURE [dbo].[spFavoriteRecipesGET] @USERID INT, @PAGENUMBER INT, @PAGESIZE INT, @SORTDIRECTION VARCHAR(4), @SORTORDER VARCHAR(4),@FILTERBY INT AS BEGIN DECLARE @ROW_START INT DECLARE @ROW_END INT SET @ROW_START = (@PageNumber-1)* @PageSize+1 SET @ROW_END = @PageNumber*@PageSize DECLARE @RecipeCount INT DECLARE @RESULT_SET_TABLE TABLE ( Id INT NOT NULL IDENTITY(1,1), FavoriteRecipeId INT, RecipeId INT, DateAdded DATETIME, Title NVARCHAR(255), UrlFriendlyTitle NVARCHAR(250), [Description] NVARCHAR(MAX), AverageRatingId FLOAT, SubmittedById INT, SubmittedBy VARCHAR(250), RecipeStateId INT, RecipeRatingId INT, ReviewCount INT, TweaksCount INT, PhotoCount INT, ImageName NVARCHAR(50) ) INSERT INTO @RESULT_SET_TABLE SELECT FavoriteRecipes.FavoriteRecipeId, Recipes.RecipeId, FavoriteRecipes.DateAdded, Recipes.Title, Recipes.UrlFriendlyTitle, Recipes.[Description], Recipes.AverageRatingId, Recipes.SubmittedById, COALESCE(users.DisplayName,users.UserName,Recipes.SubmittedBy) As SubmittedBy, Recipes.RecipeStateId, RecipeReviews.RecipeRatingId, COUNT(RecipeReviews.Review), COUNT(RecipeTweaks.Tweak), COUNT(Photos.PhotoId), dbo.udfGetRecipePhoto(Recipes.RecipeId) AS ImageName FROM FavoriteRecipes INNER JOIN Recipes ON FavoriteRecipes.RecipeId=Recipes.RecipeId AND Recipes.RecipeStateId <> 3 LEFT OUTER JOIN RecipeReviews ON RecipeReviews.RecipeId=Recipes.RecipeId AND RecipeReviews.ReviewedById=@UserId AND RecipeReviews.RecipeRatingId= ( SELECT MAX(RecipeReviews.RecipeRatingId) FROM RecipeReviews WHERE RecipeReviews.ReviewedById=@UserId AND RecipeReviews.RecipeId=FavoriteRecipes.RecipeId ) OR RecipeReviews.RecipeRatingId IS NULL LEFT OUTER JOIN RecipeTweaks ON RecipeTweaks.RecipeId = Recipes.RecipeId AND RecipeTweaks.TweakedById= @UserId LEFT OUTER JOIN Photos ON Photos.RecipeId = Recipes.RecipeId AND Photos.UploadedById = @UserId AND Photos.RecipeId = FavoriteRecipes.RecipeId AND Photos.PhotoTypeId = 1 LEFT OUTER JOIN users ON Recipes.SubmittedById = users.UserId WHERE FavoriteRecipes.UserId=@UserId GROUP BY FavoriteRecipes.FavoriteRecipeId, Recipes.RecipeId, FavoriteRecipes.DateAdded, Recipes.Title, Recipes.UrlFriendlyTitle, Recipes.[Description], Recipes.AverageRatingId, Recipes.SubmittedById, Recipes.SubmittedBy, Recipes.RecipeStateId, RecipeReviews.RecipeRatingId, users.DisplayName, users.UserName, Recipes.SubmittedBy; WITH SortResults AS ( SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER ( ORDER BY CASE WHEN @SORTDIRECTION = 't' AND @SORTORDER='a' THEN TITLE END ASC, CASE WHEN @SORTDIRECTION = 't' AND @SORTORDER='d' THEN TITLE END DESC, CASE WHEN @SORTDIRECTION = 'r' AND @SORTORDER='a' THEN AverageRatingId END ASC, CASE WHEN @SORTDIRECTION = 'r' AND @SORTORDER='d' THEN AverageRatingId END DESC, CASE WHEN @SORTDIRECTION = 'mr' AND @SORTORDER='a' THEN RecipeRatingId END ASC, CASE WHEN @SORTDIRECTION = 'mr' AND @SORTORDER='d' THEN RecipeRatingId END DESC, CASE WHEN @SORTDIRECTION = 'd' AND @SORTORDER='a' THEN DateAdded END ASC, CASE WHEN @SORTDIRECTION = 'd' AND @SORTORDER='d' THEN DateAdded END DESC ) RowNumber, FavoriteRecipeId, RecipeId, DateAdded, Title, UrlFriendlyTitle, [Description], AverageRatingId, SubmittedById, SubmittedBy, RecipeStateId, RecipeRatingId, ReviewCount, TweaksCount, PhotoCount, ImageName FROM @RESULT_SET_TABLE WHERE ((@FILTERBY = 1 AND SubmittedById= @USERID) OR ( @FILTERBY = 2 AND (SubmittedById <> @USERID OR SubmittedById IS NULL)) OR ( @FILTERBY <> 1 AND @FILTERBY <> 2)) ) SELECT RowNumber, FavoriteRecipeId, RecipeId, DateAdded, Title, UrlFriendlyTitle, [Description], AverageRatingId, SubmittedById, SubmittedBy, RecipeStateId, RecipeRatingId, ReviewCount, TweaksCount, PhotoCount, ImageName FROM SortResults WHERE RowNumber BETWEEN @ROW_START AND @ROW_END print @ROW_START print @ROW_END SELECT @RecipeCount=dbo.udfGetFavRecipesCount(@UserId) SELECT @RecipeCount AS RecipeCount SELECT COUNT(Id) as FilterCount FROM @RESULT_SET_TABLE WHERE ((@FILTERBY = 1 AND SubmittedById= @USERID) OR (@FILTERBY = 2 AND (SubmittedById <> @USERID OR SubmittedById IS NULL)) OR (@FILTERBY <> 1 AND @FILTERBY <> 2)) END

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• Returning JSON in CFFunction and appending it to layer is causing an error

  - by Mel

  I'm using the qTip jQuery plugin to generate a dynamic tooltip. I'm getting an error in my JS, and I'm unsure if its source is the JSON or the JS. The tooltip calls the following function: (sorry about all this code, but it's necessary) <cffunction name="fGameDetails" access="remote" returnType="any" returnformat="JSON" output="false" hint="This grabs game details for the games.cfm page"> <!---Argument, which is the game ID---> <cfargument name="gameID" type="numeric" required="true" hint="CFC will look for GameID and retrieve its details"> <!---Local var---> <cfset var qGameDetails = ""> <!---Database query---> <cfquery name="qGameDetails" datasource="#REQUEST.datasource#"> SELECT titles.titleName AS tName, titles.titleBrief AS tBrief, games.gameID, games.titleID, games.releaseDate AS rDate, genres.genreName AS gName, platforms.platformAbbr AS pAbbr, platforms.platformName AS pName, creviews.cReviewScore AS rScore, ratings.ratingName AS rName FROM games Inner Join platforms ON platforms.platformID = games.platformID Inner Join titles ON titles.titleID = games.titleID Inner Join genres ON genres.genreID = games.genreID Inner Join creviews ON games.gameID = creviews.gameID Inner Join ratings ON ratings.ratingID = games.ratingID WHERE (games.gameID = #ARGUMENTS.gameID#); </cfquery> <cfreturn qGameDetails> </cffunction> This function returns the following JSON: { "COLUMNS": [ "TNAME", "TBRIEF", "GAMEID", "TITLEID", "RDATE", "GNAME", "PABBR", "PNAME", "RSCORE", "RNAME" ], "DATA": [ [ "Dark Void", "Ancient gods known as 'The Watchers,' once banished from our world by superhuman Adepts, have returned with a vengeance.", 154, 54, "January, 19 2010 00:00:00", "Action & Adventure", "PS3", "Playstation 3", 3.3, "14 Anos" ] ] } The problem I'm having is every time I try to append the JSON to the layer #catalog, I get a syntax error that says "missing parenthetical." This is the JavaScript I'm using: $(document).ready(function() { $('#catalog a[href]').each(function() { $(this).qtip( { content: { url: '/gamezilla/resources/components/viewgames.cfc?method=fGameDetails', data: { gameID: $(this).attr('href').match(/gameID=([0-9]+)$/)[1] }, method: 'get' }, api: { beforeContentUpdate: function(content) { var json = eval('(' + content + ')'); content = $('<div />').append( $('<h1 />', { html: json.TNAME })); return content; } }, style: { width: 300, height: 300, padding: 0, name: 'light', tip: { corner: 'leftMiddle', size: { x: 40, y : 40 } } }, position: { corner: { target: 'rightMiddle', tooltip: 'leftMiddle' } } }); }); }); Any ideas where I'm going wrong? I tried many things for several days and I can't find the issue. Many thanks!

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• Sniffing out SQL Code Smells: Inconsistent use of Symbolic names and Datatypes

  - by Phil Factor

  It is an awkward feeling. You’ve just delivered a database application that seems to be working fine in production, and you just run a few checks on it. You discover that there is a potential bug that, out of sheer good chance, hasn’t kicked in to produce an error; but it lurks, like a smoking bomb. Worse, maybe you find that the bug has started its evil work of corrupting the data, but in ways that nobody has, so far detected. You investigate, and find the damage. You are somehow going to have to repair it. Yes, it still very occasionally happens to me. It is not a nice feeling, and I do anything I can to prevent it happening. That’s why I’m interested in SQL code smells. SQL Code Smells aren’t necessarily bad practices, but just show you where to focus your attention when checking an application. Sometimes with databases the bugs can be subtle. SQL is rather like HTML: the language does its best to try to carry out your wishes, rather than to be picky about your bugs. Most of the time, this is a great benefit, but not always. One particular place where this can be detrimental is where you have implicit conversion between different data types. Most of the time it is completely harmless but we’re  concerned about the occasional time it isn’t. Let’s give an example: String truncation. Let’s give another even more frightening one, rounding errors on assignment to a number of different precision. Each requires a blog-post to explain in detail and I’m not now going to try. Just remember that it is not always a good idea to assign data to variables, parameters or even columns when they aren’t the same datatype, especially if you are relying on implicit conversion to work its magic.For details of the problem and the consequences, see here:  SR0014: Data loss might occur when casting from {Type1} to {Type2} . For any experienced Database Developer, this is a more frightening read than a Vampire Story. This is why one of the SQL Code Smells that makes me edgy, in my own or other peoples’ code, is to see parameters, variables and columns that have the same names and different datatypes. Whereas quite a lot of this is perfectly normal and natural, you need to check in case one of two things have gone wrong. Either sloppy naming, or mixed datatypes. Sure it is hard to remember whether you decided that the length of a log entry was 80 or 100 characters long, or the precision of a number. That is why a little check like this I’m going to show you is excellent for tidying up your code before you check it back into source Control! 1/ Checking Parameters only If you were just going to check parameters, you might just do this. It simply groups all the parameters, either input or output, of all the routines (e.g. stored procedures or functions) by their name and checks to see, in the HAVING clause, whether their data types are all the same. If not, it lists all the examples and their origin (the routine) Even this little check can occasionally be scarily revealing. ;WITH userParameter AS  ( SELECT   c.NAME AS ParameterName,  OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(c.object_ID) + '.' + OBJECT_NAME(c.object_ID) AS ObjectName,  t.name + ' '     + CASE     --we may have to put in the length            WHEN t.name IN ('char', 'varchar', 'nchar', 'nvarchar')             THEN '('               + CASE WHEN c.max_length = -1 THEN 'MAX'                ELSE CONVERT(VARCHAR(4),                    CASE WHEN t.name IN ('nchar', 'nvarchar')                      THEN c.max_length / 2 ELSE c.max_length                    END)                END + ')'         WHEN t.name IN ('decimal', 'numeric')             THEN '(' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(4), c.precision)                   + ',' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(4), c.Scale) + ')'         ELSE ''      END  --we've done with putting in the length      + CASE WHEN XML_collection_ID <> 0         THEN --deal with object schema names             '(' + CASE WHEN is_XML_Document = 1                    THEN 'DOCUMENT '                    ELSE 'CONTENT '                   END              + COALESCE(               (SELECT QUOTENAME(ss.name) + '.' + QUOTENAME(sc.name)                FROM sys.xml_schema_collections sc                INNER JOIN Sys.Schemas ss ON sc.schema_ID = ss.schema_ID                WHERE sc.xml_collection_ID = c.XML_collection_ID),'NULL') + ')'          ELSE ''         END        AS [DataType]  FROM sys.parameters c  INNER JOIN sys.types t ON c.user_Type_ID = t.user_Type_ID  WHERE OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(c.object_ID) <> 'sys'   AND parameter_id>0)SELECT CONVERT(CHAR(80),objectName+'.'+ParameterName),DataType FROM UserParameterWHERE ParameterName IN   (SELECT ParameterName FROM UserParameter    GROUP BY ParameterName    HAVING MIN(Datatype)<>MAX(DataType))ORDER BY ParameterName   so, in a very small example here, we have a @ClosingDelimiter variable that is only CHAR(1) when, by the looks of it, it should be up to ten characters long, or even worse, a function that should be a char(1) and seems to let in a string of ten characters. Worth investigating. Then we have a @Comment variable that can't decide whether it is a VARCHAR(2000) or a VARCHAR(MAX) 2/ Columns and Parameters Actually, once we’ve cleared up the mess we’ve made of our parameter-naming in the database we’re inspecting, we’re going to be more interested in listing both columns and parameters. We can do this by modifying the routine to list columns as well as parameters. Because of the slight complexity of creating the string version of the datatypes, we will create a fake table of both columns and parameters so that they can both be processed the same way. After all, we want the datatypes to match Unfortunately, parameters do not expose all the attributes we are interested in, such as whether they are nullable (oh yes, subtle bugs happen if this isn’t consistent for a datatype). We’ll have to leave them out for this check. Voila! A slight modification of the first routine ;WITH userObject AS  ( SELECT   Name AS DataName,--the actual name of the parameter or column ('@' removed)  --and the qualified object name of the routine  OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(ObjectID) + '.' + OBJECT_NAME(ObjectID) AS ObjectName,  --now the harder bit: the definition of the datatype.  TypeName + ' '     + CASE     --we may have to put in the length. e.g. CHAR (10)           WHEN TypeName IN ('char', 'varchar', 'nchar', 'nvarchar')             THEN '('               + CASE WHEN MaxLength = -1 THEN 'MAX'                ELSE CONVERT(VARCHAR(4),                    CASE WHEN TypeName IN ('nchar', 'nvarchar')                      THEN MaxLength / 2 ELSE MaxLength                    END)                END + ')'         WHEN TypeName IN ('decimal', 'numeric')--a BCD number!             THEN '(' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(4), Precision)                   + ',' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(4), Scale) + ')'         ELSE ''      END  --we've done with putting in the length      + CASE WHEN XML_collection_ID <> 0 --tush tush. XML         THEN --deal with object schema names             '(' + CASE WHEN is_XML_Document = 1                    THEN 'DOCUMENT '                    ELSE 'CONTENT '                   END              + COALESCE(               (SELECT TOP 1 QUOTENAME(ss.name) + '.' + QUOTENAME(sc.Name)                FROM sys.xml_schema_collections sc                INNER JOIN Sys.Schemas ss ON sc.schema_ID = ss.schema_ID                WHERE sc.xml_collection_ID = XML_collection_ID),'NULL') + ')'          ELSE ''         END        AS [DataType],       DataObjectType  FROM   (Select t.name AS TypeName, REPLACE(c.name,'@','') AS Name,          c.max_length AS MaxLength, c.precision AS [Precision],           c.scale AS [Scale], c.[Object_id] AS ObjectID, XML_collection_ID,          is_XML_Document,'P' AS DataobjectType  FROM sys.parameters c  INNER JOIN sys.types t ON c.user_Type_ID = t.user_Type_ID  AND parameter_id>0  UNION all  Select t.name AS TypeName, c.name AS Name, c.max_length AS MaxLength,          c.precision AS [Precision], c.scale AS [Scale],          c.[Object_id] AS ObjectID, XML_collection_ID,is_XML_Document,          'C' AS DataobjectType            FROM sys.columns c  INNER JOIN sys.types t ON c.user_Type_ID = t.user_Type_ID   WHERE OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(c.object_ID) <> 'sys'  )f)SELECT CONVERT(CHAR(80),objectName+'.'   + CASE WHEN DataobjectType ='P' THEN '@' ELSE '' END + DataName),DataType FROM UserObjectWHERE DataName IN   (SELECT DataName FROM UserObject   GROUP BY DataName    HAVING MIN(Datatype)<>MAX(DataType))ORDER BY DataName     Hmm. I can tell you I found quite a few minor issues with the various tabases I tested this on, and found some potential bugs that really leap out at you from the results. Here is the start of the result for AdventureWorks. Yes, AccountNumber is, for some reason, a Varchar(10) in the Customer table. Hmm. odd. Why is a city fifty characters long in that view?  The idea of the description of a colour being 256 characters long seems over-ambitious. Go down the list and you'll spot other mistakes. There are no bugs, but just mess. We started out with a listing to examine parameters, then we mixed parameters and columns. Our last listing is for a slightly more in-depth look at table columns. You’ll notice that we’ve delibarately removed the indication of whether a column is persisted, or is an identity column because that gives us false positives for our code smells. If you just want to browse your metadata for other reasons (and it can quite help in some circumstances) then uncomment them! ;WITH userColumns AS  ( SELECT   c.NAME AS columnName,  OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(c.object_ID) + '.' + OBJECT_NAME(c.object_ID) AS ObjectName,  REPLACE(t.name + ' '   + CASE WHEN is_computed = 1 THEN ' AS ' + --do DDL for a computed column          (SELECT definition FROM sys.computed_columns cc           WHERE cc.object_id = c.object_id AND cc.column_ID = c.column_ID)     --we may have to put in the length            WHEN t.Name IN ('char', 'varchar', 'nchar', 'nvarchar')             THEN '('               + CASE WHEN c.Max_Length = -1 THEN 'MAX'                ELSE CONVERT(VARCHAR(4),                    CASE WHEN t.Name IN ('nchar', 'nvarchar')                      THEN c.Max_Length / 2 ELSE c.Max_Length                    END)                END + ')'       WHEN t.name IN ('decimal', 'numeric')       THEN '(' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(4), c.precision) + ',' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(4), c.Scale) + ')'       ELSE ''      END + CASE WHEN c.is_rowguidcol = 1          THEN ' ROWGUIDCOL'          ELSE ''         END + CASE WHEN XML_collection_ID <> 0            THEN --deal with object schema names             '(' + CASE WHEN is_XML_Document = 1                THEN 'DOCUMENT '                ELSE 'CONTENT '               END + COALESCE((SELECT                QUOTENAME(ss.name) + '.' + QUOTENAME(sc.name)                FROM                sys.xml_schema_collections sc                INNER JOIN Sys.Schemas ss ON sc.schema_ID = ss.schema_ID                WHERE                sc.xml_collection_ID = c.XML_collection_ID),                'NULL') + ')'            ELSE ''           END + CASE WHEN is_identity = 1             THEN CASE WHEN OBJECTPROPERTY(object_id,                'IsUserTable') = 1 AND COLUMNPROPERTY(object_id,                c.name,                'IsIDNotForRepl') = 0 AND OBJECTPROPERTY(object_id,                'IsMSShipped') = 0                THEN ''                ELSE ' NOT FOR REPLICATION '               END             ELSE ''            END + CASE WHEN c.is_nullable = 0               THEN ' NOT NULL'               ELSE ' NULL'              END + CASE                WHEN c.default_object_id <> 0                THEN ' DEFAULT ' + object_Definition(c.default_object_id)                ELSE ''               END + CASE                WHEN c.collation_name IS NULL                THEN ''                WHEN c.collation_name <> (SELECT                collation_name                FROM                sys.databases                WHERE                name = DB_NAME()) COLLATE Latin1_General_CI_AS                THEN COALESCE(' COLLATE ' + c.collation_name,                '')                ELSE ''                END,'  ',' ') AS [DataType]FROM sys.columns c  INNER JOIN sys.types t ON c.user_Type_ID = t.user_Type_ID  WHERE OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(c.object_ID) <> 'sys')SELECT CONVERT(CHAR(80),objectName+'.'+columnName),DataType FROM UserColumnsWHERE columnName IN (SELECT columnName FROM UserColumns  GROUP BY columnName  HAVING MIN(Datatype)<>MAX(DataType))ORDER BY columnName If you take a look down the results against Adventureworks, you'll see once again that there are things to investigate, mostly, in the illustration, discrepancies between null and non-null datatypes So I here you ask, what about temporary variables within routines? If ever there was a source of elusive bugs, you'll find it there. Sadly, these temporary variables are not stored in the metadata so we'll have to find a more subtle way of flushing these out, and that will, I'm afraid, have to wait!

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• SQL SERVER – Data Pages in Buffer Pool – Data Stored in Memory Cache

  - by pinaldave

  This will drop all the clean buffers so we will be able to start again from there. Now, run the following script and check the execution plan of the query. Have you ever wondered what types of data are there in your cache? During SQL Server Trainings, I am usually asked if there is any way one can know how much data in a table is stored in the memory cache? The more detailed question I usually get is if there are multiple indexes on table (and used in a query), were the data of the single table stored multiple times in the memory cache or only for a single time? Here is a query you can run to figure out what kind of data is stored in the cache. USE AdventureWorks GO SELECT COUNT(*) AS cached_pages_count, name AS BaseTableName, IndexName, IndexTypeDesc FROM sys.dm_os_buffer_descriptors AS bd INNER JOIN ( SELECT s_obj.name, s_obj.index_id, s_obj.allocation_unit_id, s_obj.OBJECT_ID, i.name IndexName, i.type_desc IndexTypeDesc FROM ( SELECT OBJECT_NAME(OBJECT_ID) AS name, index_id ,allocation_unit_id, OBJECT_ID FROM sys.allocation_units AS au INNER JOIN sys.partitions AS p ON au.container_id = p.hobt_id AND (au.type = 1 OR au.type = 3) UNION ALL SELECT OBJECT_NAME(OBJECT_ID) AS name, index_id, allocation_unit_id, OBJECT_ID FROM sys.allocation_units AS au INNER JOIN sys.partitions AS p ON au.container_id = p.partition_id AND au.type = 2 ) AS s_obj LEFT JOIN sys.indexes i ON i.index_id = s_obj.index_id AND i.OBJECT_ID = s_obj.OBJECT_ID ) AS obj ON bd.allocation_unit_id = obj.allocation_unit_id WHERE database_id = DB_ID() GROUP BY name, index_id, IndexName, IndexTypeDesc ORDER BY cached_pages_count DESC; GO Now let us run the query above and observe the output of the same. We can see in the above query that there are four columns. Cached_Pages_Count lists the pages cached in the memory. BaseTableName lists the original base table from which data pages are cached. IndexName lists the name of the index from which pages are cached. IndexTypeDesc lists the type of index. Now, let us do one more experience here. Please note that you should not run this test on a production server as it can extremely reduce the performance of the database. DBCC DROPCLEANBUFFERS This will drop all the clean buffers and we will be able to start again from there. Now run following script and check the execution plan for the same. USE AdventureWorks GO SELECT UnitPrice, ModifiedDate FROM Sales.SalesOrderDetail WHERE SalesOrderDetailID BETWEEN 1 AND 100 GO The execution plans contain the usage of two different indexes. Now, let us run the script that checks the pages cached in SQL Server. It will give us the following output. It is clear from the Resultset that when more than one index is used, datapages related to both or all of the indexes are stored in Memory Cache separately. Let me know what you think of this article. I had a great pleasure while writing this article because I was able to write on this subject, which I like the most. In the next article, we will exactly see what data are cached and those that are not cached, using a few undocumented commands. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: DMV, Pinal Dave, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Optimization, SQL Query, SQL Scripts, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology Tagged: SQL DMV

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• Welcome to the Oracle EMEA Partner Community for Exadata!

  - by javier.puerta(at)oracle.com

    The EMEA Partner Community for Exadata is the place where partners in Europe, Middle East and Africa can share experiences and best practices about selling and implementing Exadata projects. You will also receive first-hand information from Oracle on products, training and tools that can help you better market, sell and implement your Exadata-based projects and services    Who should join the Community? Community membership is for individuals. If you are working for a company that is an Oracle partner and your job is selling, implementing or supporting Exadata projects in EMEA then this community is for you.    How is this different from the Oracle Exadata Knowledge Zone? The Oracle Exadata Knowledge Zone is the fundamental source of information from Oracle for partners interested in specializing on Exadata. It is higly recommended that you get access to the Knowledge Zones related to the product areas of your interest. To get access to any of the Knowledge Zones an application must be completed by the Partner Program Administrator for your company. The Exadata Partner Community complements the Knowledge Zone by providing partners with information which is specific for the EMEA market (market, references, training, events,..) and it is also a mechanism to share experiences and best practices among partners in marketing, selling, implementing and supporting Exadata projects.   How to join?  For you to be able to register as an individual, your company must be member of the Oracle PartnerNetwork (OPN) and should be working towards becoming OPN Specialized in Exadata. If this is the case then Join the EMEA Exadata Partner Community Now! If your company is not an OPN member yet, then Join Oracle PartnerNetwork first.   How do you get access to the information for the community members? We use two mechanisms to provide and share information: The EMEA Exadata Partner Community blog. This is a public blog and we use it to provide  quick and easy communication to the community members. For detailed or restricted material we will point you to a restricted area. The EMEA Exadata Partner Community Collaborative Workspace. This is an area with restricted access that only community members can access. It contains materials from community events, sales kits, implementation experiences,... reserved to community members. It also allows for partners to share content and collaborate with other community members. You will get access to this restricted area when you register as a member of the EMEA Exadata Partner Community     Need help? I hope that you will find useful the resources and the experience exchange provided by the community. If you need help or any further clarification, don't hesitate to contact me!  Javier Puerta ([email protected])Director Core Technology Partner ProgramsAlliances & Channels EMEAPhone: +34916312141 Mobile: +34609062373   

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• Analysis Services (SSAS) - Unexpected Internal Error when processing (ProcessUpdate). Workaround/Resolution

  - by James Rogers

  Many implementations require the use of ProcessUpdate to support Type 1 slowly changing dimensions. ProcessUpdate drops all of the affected indexes and aggregations in partitions affected by data that changes in the Dimension on which the ProcessUpdate is being performed. Twice now I have had situations where the processing fails with "Internal error: An unexpected exception occurred." Any subsequent ProcessUpdate processing will also fail with the same error. In talking with Microsoft the issue is corrupt indexes for the Dimension(s) being processed in the partitions of the affected measure group. I cannot guarantee that the following will correct your problem but it did in my case and saved us quite a bit of down time.   Workaround: ProcessIndexes on the entire cube that is being processed and throwing the error. This corrected the problem on both 2008 and 2008 R2.   Pros:  Does not require a complete rebuild of the data (ProcessFull) for either the Dimension or Cube. User access can continue while this ProcessIndexes in underway.   Cons: Can take a long time, especially on large cubes with many partitions, dimensions and/or aggregations. Query Performance is usually severely impacted due to the memory and CPU requirements for Aggregation and Index building   <Batch http://schemas.microsoft.com/analysisservices/2003/engine"http://schemas.microsoft.com/analysisservices/2003/engine">  <Parallel>     <Process xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ddl2="http://schemas.microsoft.com/analysisservices/2003/engine/2" xmlns:ddl2_2="http://schemas.microsoft.com/analysisservices/2003/engine/2/2" xmlns:ddl100_100="http://schemas.microsoft.com/analysisservices/2008/engine/100/100" xmlns:ddl200="http://schemas.microsoft.com/analysisservices/2010/engine/200" xmlns:ddl200_200="http://schemas.microsoft.com/analysisservices/2010/engine/200/200">       <Object>         <DatabaseID>MyDatabase</DatabaseID>         <CubeID>MyCube</CubeID>       </Object>       <Type>ProcessIndexes</Type>       <WriteBackTableCreation>UseExisting</WriteBackTableCreation>     </Process>  </Parallel> </Batch>   The cube where the corruption exists can be found by having Profiler running while the ProcessUpdate is executing. The first partition that displays the "The Job has ended in failure." message in the TextData column will be part of the cube/measuregroup that has the corruption. You can try to run ProcessIndexes on just that measure group. This may correct the problem and save additional time if you have other large measure groups in the cube that are not affected by the corruption.   Remember to execute your normal ProcessUpdate batch after the successful completion of the ProcessIndexes. The ProcessIndexes does not pick up data changes.   Things that did not work: ProcessClearIndexes - why this doesn't work and ProcessIndexes does is unclear at this point. ProcessFull on the partition in question. In my latest case, this would clear up the problem for that partition. However, the next partition the ProcessUpdate touched that had data in it would generate and error. This leads me to believe the corruption problem will exist in all partitions in the affected measure group that have data in them.   NOTE: I experience this problem in both a SQL 2008 and SQL 2008 R2 Analysis Services environment, on separate built from the same relational database. This leads me to believe that some data condition in the tables used for the Dimension processing caused the corruption since the two environments were on physically separate hardware. I am waiting on Microsoft to analyze the dumps to give us more insight into what actually caused the corruption and will update this post accordingly.

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• Tuesday at OpenWorld: Identity Management

  - by Tanu Sood

  At Oracle OpenWorld? From keynotes, general sessions to product deep dives and executive events, this Tuesday is full of informational, educational and networking opportunities for you. Here’s a quick run-down of what’s happening today: Tuesday, October 2, 2012 KEYNOTE: The Oracle Cloud: Oracle’s Cloud Platform and Applications Strategy 8:00 a.m. – 9:45 a.m., Moscone North, Hall D Leading customers will join Oracle Executive Vice President Thomas Kurian to discuss how Oracle’s innovative cloud solutions are transforming how they manage their business, excite and retain their employees, and deliver great customer experiences through Oracle Cloud. GENERAL SESSION: Oracle Fusion Middleware Strategies Driving Business Innovation 10:15 a.m. – 11:15 a.m., Moscone North - Hall D Join Hasan Rizvi, Executive Vice President of Product in this strategy and roadmap session to hear how developers leverage new innovations in their applications and customers achieve their business innovation goals with Oracle Fusion Middleware. CON9437: Mobile Access Management 10:15 a.m. – 11:15 a.m., Moscone West 3022 The session will feature Identity Management evangelists from companies like Intuit, NetApp and Toyota to discuss how to extend your existing identity management infrastructure and policies to securely and seamlessly enable mobile user access. CON9162: Oracle Fusion Middleware: Meet This Year's Most Impressive Customer Projects 11:45 a.m. – 12:45 a.m., Moscone West, 3001 Hear from the winners of the 2012 Oracle Fusion Middleware Innovation Awards and see which customers are taking home a trophy for the 2012 Oracle Fusion Middleware Innovation Award.  Read more about the Innovation Awards here. CON9491: Enhancing the End-User Experience with Oracle Identity Governance applications 11:45 a.m. – 12:45 p.m., Moscone West 3008 Join experts from Visa and Oracle as they explore how Oracle Identity Governance solutions deliver complete identity administration and governance solutions with support for emerging requirements like cloud identities and mobile devices. CON9447: Enabling Access for Hundreds of Millions of Users 1:15 p.m. – 2:15 p.m., Moscone West 3008 Dealing with scale problems? Looking to address identity management requirements with million or so users in mind? Then take note of Cisco’s implementation. Join this session to hear first-hand how Cisco tackled identity management and scaled their implementation to bolster security and enforce compliance. CON9465: Next Generation Directory – Oracle Unified Directory 5:00 p.m. – 6:00 p.m., Moscone West 3008 Get the 360 degrees perspective from a solution provider, implementation services partner and the customer in this session to learn how the latest Oracle Unified Directory solutions can help you build a directory infrastructure that is optimized to support cloud, mobile and social networking and yet deliver on scale and performance. EVENTS: Executive Edge @ OpenWorld: Chief Security Officer (CSO) Summit 10:00 a.m. – 3:00 p.m. If you are attending the Executive Edge at Open World, be sure to check out the sessions at the Chief Security Officer Summit. Former Sr. Counsel for the National Security Agency, Joel Brenner, will be speaking about his new book "America the Vulnerable". In addition, PWC will present a panel discussion on "Crisis Management to Business Advantage: Security Leadership". See below for the complete agenda. PRODUCT DEMOS: And don’t forget to see Oracle identity Management solutions in action at Oracle OpenWorld DEMOgrounds. DEMOS LOCATION EXHIBITION HALL HOURS Access Management: Complete and Scalable Access Management Moscone South, Right - S-218 Monday, October 1 9:30 a.m.–6:00 p.m. 9:30 a.m.–10:45 a.m. (Dedicated Hours) Tuesday, October 2 9:45 a.m.–6:00 p.m. 2:15 p.m.–2:45 p.m. (Dedicated Hours) Wednesday, October 3 9:45 a.m.–4:00 p.m. 2:15 p.m.–3:30 p.m. (Dedicated Hours) Access Management: Federating and Leveraging Social Identities Moscone South, Right - S-220 Access Management: Mobile Access Management Moscone South, Right - S-219 Access Management: Real-Time Authorizations Moscone South, Right - S-217 Access Management: Secure SOA and Web Services Security Moscone South, Right - S-223 Identity Governance: Modern Administration and Tooling Moscone South, Right - S-210 Identity Management Monitoring with Oracle Enterprise Manager Moscone South, Right - S-212 Oracle Directory Services Plus: Performant, Cloud-Ready Moscone South, Right - S-222 Oracle Identity Management: Closed-Loop Access Certification Moscone South, Right - S-221 For a complete listing, keep the Focus on Identity Management document handy. And don’t forget to converse with us while at OpenWorld @oracleidm. We look forward to hearing from you.

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• Ubuntu 12.04 Bootloader failed to install

  - by Chris

  Sorry about the excessively long question, but I figured giving more information would be better. I recently bought a new desktop for myself, running Windows 7. It has two hard drives, and I wanted to install Ubuntu on a small partition on the second hard drive. I created 25GB "free space" in Windows and ran a LiveCD install. I wanted to select the install options myself but accidentally selected "Install alongside Windows 7," but it seemed to pick up the free space and installed itself there as I wanted it to. However, I was told that the bootloader installation had failed. I chose to "Cancel installation," leaving my computer unable to boot. I wiped my computer and reinstalled Windows. After that, I tried installing Ubuntu through Windows using WUBI, once using files from my LiveCD and once downloading everything again. Both times the install succeeded, but both times when I restarted and tried to load Ubuntu, it gave me an error - wubildr.mbr was corrupt or missing. I checked in Windows - it was indeed present on the C:\ drive. I went back to the LiveCD installation, this time going the custom options route. I assigned 16GB to an Ext4 journaling file system and 10GB to a swap file. I got the same bootloader error as before. Being prompted to select a different partition to install the bootloader to, I first tried the partition Ubuntu was installed on. A window came up saying that the install had succeeded, but a second window gave me the same error and choices as before. I went through every single option it gave me, including the Windows partition and the hard drives themselves (dev/sda, dev/sdb). Same result. I then chose to not install a bootloader. Windows still works fine, and I assume Ubuntu has installed but is unbootable. Knowing that my computer could potentially brick itself again - and, this time around, with a lot of data to lose and hassle to go through if I mess it up - I really don't want to do anything without some advice. So I'll ask this: a) Why did the bootloader fail to install? Can I fix the error and install Ubuntu fresh? b) Is there any way to get around the error, install the bootloader, and point it towards an existing installation of Ubuntu? c) Is there a quicker and easier solution I might have missed? EDIT: Thanks for the tip, AthloX. After testing the liveCD in Virtualbox with no installation problems, I looked around for some alternate bootloaders but had no success. I attempted another install, which installed the bootloader and Ubuntu just fine but bricked Windows 7. I wiped both hard disks clean, including some "System Reserved" partitions I hadn't noticed before, before re-installing Windows 7 on one hard drive and immediately afterwards installing Ubuntu on the other. Now the computer boots into Windows, but I can pop into the BIOS at startup to boot into Ubunbtu via it's bootloader, and I'm guessing it'll only take a bit of poking at the BIOS to swap the load order. Many thanks!

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• Stale statistics on a newly created temporary table in a stored procedure can lead to poor performance

  - by sqlworkshops

  When you create a temporary table you expect a new table with no past history (statistics based on past existence), this is not true if you have less than 6 updates to the temporary table. This might lead to poor performance of queries which are sensitive to the content of temporary tables.I was optimizing SQL Server Performance at one of my customers who provides search functionality on their website. They use stored procedure with temporary table for the search. The performance of the search depended on who searched what in the past, option (recompile) by itself had no effect. Sometimes a simple search led to timeout because of non-optimal plan usage due to this behavior. This is not a plan caching issue rather temporary table statistics caching issue, which was part of the temporary object caching feature that was introduced in SQL Server 2005 and is also present in SQL Server 2008 and SQL Server 2012. In this customer case we implemented a workaround to avoid this issue (see below for example for workarounds).When temporary tables are cached, the statistics are not newly created rather cached from the past and updated based on automatic update statistics threshold. Caching temporary tables/objects is good for performance, but caching stale statistics from the past is not optimal.We can work around this issue by disabling temporary table caching by explicitly executing a DDL statement on the temporary table. One possibility is to execute an alter table statement, but this can lead to duplicate constraint name error on concurrent stored procedure execution. The other way to work around this is to create an index.I think there might be many customers in such a situation without knowing that stale statistics are being cached along with temporary table leading to poor performance.Ideal solution is to have more aggressive statistics update when the temporary table has less number of rows when temporary table caching is used. I will open a connect item to report this issue.Meanwhile you can mitigate the issue by creating an index on the temporary table. You can monitor active temporary tables using Windows Server Performance Monitor counter: SQL Server: General Statistics->Active Temp Tables. The script to understand the issue and the workaround is listed below:set nocount onset statistics time offset statistics io offdrop table tab7gocreate table tab7 (c1 int primary key clustered, c2 int, c3 char(200))gocreate index test on tab7(c2, c1, c3)gobegin trandeclare @i intset @i = 1while @i <= 50000begininsert into tab7 values (@i, 1, ‘a’)set @i = @i + 1endcommit trangoinsert into tab7 values (50001, 1, ‘a’)gocheckpointgodrop proc test_slowgocreate proc test_slow @i intasbegindeclare @j intcreate table #temp1 (c1 int primary key)insert into #temp1 (c1) select @iselect @j = t7.c1 from tab7 t7 inner join #temp1 t on (t7.c2 = t.c1)endgodbcc dropcleanbuffersset statistics time onset statistics io ongo–high reads as expected for parameter ’1'exec test_slow 1godbcc dropcleanbuffersgo–high reads that are not expected for parameter ’2'exec test_slow 2godrop proc test_with_recompilegocreate proc test_with_recompile @i intasbegindeclare @j intcreate table #temp1 (c1 int primary key)insert into #temp1 (c1) select @iselect @j = t7.c1 from tab7 t7 inner join #temp1 t on (t7.c2 = t.c1)option (recompile)endgodbcc dropcleanbuffersset statistics time onset statistics io ongo–high reads as expected for parameter ’1'exec test_with_recompile 1godbcc dropcleanbuffersgo–high reads that are not expected for parameter ’2'–low reads on 3rd execution as expected for parameter ’2'exec test_with_recompile 2godrop proc test_with_alter_table_recompilegocreate proc test_with_alter_table_recompile @i intasbegindeclare @j intcreate table #temp1 (c1 int primary key)–to avoid caching of temporary tables one can create a constraint–but this might lead to duplicate constraint name error on concurrent usagealter table #temp1 add constraint test123 unique(c1)insert into #temp1 (c1) select @iselect @j = t7.c1 from tab7 t7 inner join #temp1 t on (t7.c2 = t.c1)option (recompile)endgodbcc dropcleanbuffersset statistics time onset statistics io ongo–high reads as expected for parameter ’1'exec test_with_alter_table_recompile 1godbcc dropcleanbuffersgo–low reads as expected for parameter ’2'exec test_with_alter_table_recompile 2godrop proc test_with_index_recompilegocreate proc test_with_index_recompile @i intasbegindeclare @j intcreate table #temp1 (c1 int primary key)–to avoid caching of temporary tables one can create an indexcreate index test on #temp1(c1)insert into #temp1 (c1) select @iselect @j = t7.c1 from tab7 t7 inner join #temp1 t on (t7.c2 = t.c1)option (recompile)endgoset statistics time onset statistics io ondbcc dropcleanbuffersgo–high reads as expected for parameter ’1'exec test_with_index_recompile 1godbcc dropcleanbuffersgo–low reads as expected for parameter ’2'exec test_with_index_recompile 2go

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• NHibernate Query across multiple tables

  - by Dai Bok

  I am using NHibernate, and am trying to figure out how to write a query, that searchs all the names of my entities, and lists the results. As a simple example, I have the following objects; public class Cat { public string name {get; set;} } public class Dog { public string name {get; set;} } public class Owner { public string firstname {get; set;} public string lastname {get; set;} } Eventaully I want to create a query , say for example, which and returns all the pet owners with an name containing "ted", OR pets with a name containing "ted". Here is an example of the SQL I want to execute: SELECT TOP 10 d.*, c.*, o.* FROM owners AS o INNER JOIN dogs AS d ON o.id = d.ownerId INNER JOIN cats AS c ON o.id = c.ownerId WHERE o.lastname like '%ted%' OR o.firstname like '%ted%' OR c.name like '%ted%' OR d.name like '%ted%' When I do it using Criteria like this: var criteria = session.CreateCriteria<Owner>() .Add( Restrictions.Disjunction() .Add(Restrictions.Like("FirstName", keyword, MatchMode.Anywhere)) .Add(Restrictions.Like("LastName", keyword, MatchMode.Anywhere)) ) .CreateCriteria("Dog").Add(Restrictions.Like("Name", keyword, MatchMode.Anywhere)) .CreateCriteria("Cat").Add(Restrictions.Like("Name", keyword, MatchMode.Anywhere)); return criteria.List<Owner>(); The following query is generated: SELECT TOP 10 d.*, c.*, o.* FROM owners AS o INNER JOIN dogs AS d ON o.id = d.ownerId INNER JOIN cats AS c ON o.id = c.ownerId WHERE o.lastname like '%ted%' OR o.firstname like '%ted%' AND d.name like '%ted%' AND c.name like '%ted%' How can I adjust my query so that the .CreateCriteria("Dog") and .CreateCriteria("Cat") generate an OR instead of the AND? thanks for your help.

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• Common Table Expressions slow when using a table variable

  - by Phil Haselden

  I have been experimenting with the following (simplified) CTE. When using a table variable () the query runs for minutes before I cancel it. Any of the other commented out methods return in less than a second. If I replace the whole WHERE clause with an INNER JOIN it is fast as well. Any ideas why using a table variable would run so slowly? FWIW: The database contains 2.5 million records and the inner query returns 2 records. CREATE TABLE #rootTempTable (RootID int PRIMARY KEY) INSERT INTO #rootTempTable VALUES (1360); DECLARE @rootTableVar TABLE (RootID int PRIMARY KEY); INSERT INTO @rootTableVar VALUES (1360); WITH My_CTE AS ( SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY d.DocumentID) rownum, d.DocumentID, d.Title FROM [Document] d WHERE d.LocationID IN ( SELECT LocationID FROM Location JOIN @rootTableVar rtv ON Location.RootID = rtv.RootID -- VERY SLOW! --JOIN #rootTempTable tt ON Location.RootID = tt.RootID -- Fast --JOIN (SELECT 1360 as RootID) AS rt ON Location.RootID = rt.RootID -- Fast --WHERE RootID = 1360 -- Fast ) ) SELECT * FROM My_CTE WHERE (rownum > 0) AND (rownum <= 100) ORDER BY rownum

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• Nhibernate: distinct results in second level Collection

  - by Miguel Marques

  I have an object model like this: class EntityA { ... IList<EntityB> BList; ... } class EntityB { ... IList<EntityC> CList; } I have to fetch all the colelctions (Blist in EntityA and CList in EntityB), because if they all will be needed to make some operations, if i don't eager load them i will have the select n+1 problem. So the query was this: select a from EntityA a left join fetch a.BList b left join fetch b.CList c The fist problem i faced with this query, was the return of duplicates from the DB, i had EntityA duplicates, because of the left join fetch with BList. A quick read through the hibernate documentation and there were some solutions, first i tried the distinct keyword that supposelly wouldn't replicate the SQL distinct keyword except in some cases, maybe this was one of those cases because i had a SQL error saying that i cannot select distict text columns (column [Observations] in EntityA table). So i used one of the other solutions: query.SetResultTransformer(new DistinctRootEntityResultTransformer()); This worked fine. But the result of the operations were still not passing the tests. I checked further and i found out that now there were duplicates of EntityB, because of the left join fetch with CList. The question is, how can i use the distinct in a second level collection? I searched and i only find solutions for the root entity's direct child collection, but never for the second level child collections... Thank you for your time

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• count on LINQ union

  - by brechtvhb

  I'm having this link statement: List<UserGroup> domains = UserRepository.Instance.UserIsAdminOf(currentUser.User_ID); query = (from doc in _db.Repository<Document>() join uug in _db.Repository<User_UserGroup>() on doc.DocumentFrom equals uug.User_ID where domains.Contains(uug.UserGroup) select doc) .Union(from doc in _db.Repository<Document>() join uug in _db.Repository<User_UserGroup>() on doc.DocumentTo equals uug.User_ID where domains.Contains(uug.UserGroup) select doc); Running this statement doesn't cause any problems. But when I want to count the resultset the query suddenly runs quite slow. totalRecords = query.Count(); The result of this query is : SELECT COUNT([t5].[DocumentID]) FROM ( SELECT [t4].[DocumentID], [t4].[DocumentFrom], [t4].[DocumentTo] FROM ( SELECT [t0].[DocumentID], [t0].[DocumentFrom], [t0].[DocumentTo FROM [dbo].[Document] AS [t0] INNER JOIN [dbo].[User_UserGroup] AS [t1] ON [t0].[DocumentFrom] = [t1].[User_ID] WHERE ([t1].[UserGroupID] = 2) OR ([t1].[UserGroupID] = 3) OR ([t1].[UserGroupID] = 6) UNION SELECT [t2].[DocumentID], [t2].[DocumentFrom], [t2].[DocumentTo] FROM [dbo].[Document] AS [t2] INNER JOIN [dbo].[User_UserGroup] AS [t3] ON [t2].[DocumentTo] = [t3].[User_ID] WHERE ([t3].[UserGroupID] = 2) OR ([t3].[UserGroupID] = 3) OR ([t3].[UserGroupID] = 6) ) AS [t4] ) AS [t5] Can anyone help me to improve the speed of the count query? Thanks in advance!

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• Counting the number of objects that meets a certain criteria

  - by Candy Chiu

  The title doesn't tell the complete story. Please read the message. I have two objects: Adult and Child. Child has a boolean field isMale, and a reference to Adult. Adult doesn't reference Child. public class Adult { long id; } public class Child { long id; boolean isMale; Adult parent; } I want to create a query to list the number of sons each adult has including adults who don't have any sons. I tried: Query 1 SELECT adult, COUNT(child) FROM Child child RIGHT OUTER JOIN child.parent as adult WHERE child.isMale='true' GROUP BY adult which translates to sql select adult.id as col_0_0_, count(child.id) as col_1_0_, ... {omit properties} from Child child right outer join Adult adult on child.parentId=adult.id where child.isMale = 'true' group by adult.id Query 1 doesn't pick up adults that don't have any sons. Query 2: SELECT adult, COUNT(child.isMale) FROM Child child RIGHT OUTER JOIN child.parent as adult GROUP BY adult translates to sql: select adult.id as col_0_0_, count(child.id) as col_1_0_, ... {omit properties} from Child child right outer join Adult adult on child.parentId=adult.id group by adult.id Query 2 doesn't have the right count of sons. Basically COUNT doesn't evaluate isMale. The where clause in Query 1 filtered out Adults with no sons. How do I build a HQL or a Criteria query for this use case? Thanks.

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• Linq: the linked objects are null, why?

  - by user46503

  Hello, I have several linked tables (entities). I'm trying to get the entities using the following linq: ObjectQuery<Location> locations = context.Location; ObjectQuery<ProductPrice> productPrice = context.ProductPrice; ObjectQuery<Product> products = context.Product; IQueryable<ProductPrice> res1 = from pp in productPrice join loc in locations on pp.Location equals loc join prod in products on pp.Product equals prod where prod.Title.ToLower().IndexOf(Word.ToLower()) > -1 select pp; This query returns 2 records, ProductPrice objects that have linked object Location and Product but they are null and I cannot understand why. If I try to fill them in the linq as below: res = from pp in productPrice join loc in locations on pp.Location equals loc join prod in products on pp.Product equals prod where prod.Title.ToLower().IndexOf(Word.ToLower()) > -1 select new ProductPrice { ProductPriceId = pp.ProductPriceId, Product = prod }; I have the exception "The entity or complex type 'PBExplorerData.ProductPrice' cannot be constructed in a LINQ to Entities query" Could someone please explain me what happens and what I need to do? Thanks

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• MySQL & PHP - Creating Multiple Parent Child Relations

  - by Ashok

  Hi, I'm trying to build a navigation system using categories table with hierarchies. Normally, the table would be defined as follows: id (int) - Primary key name (varchar) - Name of the Category parentid (int) - Parent ID of this Category referenced to same table (Self Join) But the catch is that I require that a category can be child to multiple parent categories.. Just like a Has and Belongs to Many (HABTM) relation. I know that if there are two tables, categories & items, we use a join table categories_items to list the HABTM relations. But here i'm not having two tables but only table but should somehow show HABTM relations to itself. Is this be possible using a single table? If yes, How? If not possible, what rules (table naming, fields) should I follow while creating the additional join table? I'm trying to achieve this using CakePHP, If someone can provide CakePHP solution for this problem, that would be awesome. Even if that's not possible, any solution about creating join table is appreciated. Thanks for your time.

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• Impact of ordering of correlated subqueries within a projection

  - by Michael Petito

  I'm noticing something a bit unexpected with how SQL Server (SQL Server 2008 in this case) treats correlated subqueries within a select statement. My assumption was that a query plan should not be affected by the mere order in which subqueries (or columns, for that matter) are written within the projection clause of the select statement. However, this does not appear to be the case. Consider the following two queries, which are identical except for the ordering of the subqueries within the CTE: --query 1: subquery for Color is second WITH vw AS ( SELECT p.[ID], (SELECT TOP(1) [FirstName] FROM [Preference] WHERE p.ID = ID AND [FirstName] IS NOT NULL ORDER BY [LastModified] DESC) [FirstName], (SELECT TOP(1) [Color] FROM [Preference] WHERE p.ID = ID AND [Color] IS NOT NULL ORDER BY [LastModified] DESC) [Color] FROM Person p ) SELECT ID, Color, FirstName FROM vw WHERE Color = 'Gray'; --query 2: subquery for Color is first WITH vw AS ( SELECT p.[ID], (SELECT TOP(1) [Color] FROM [Preference] WHERE p.ID = ID AND [Color] IS NOT NULL ORDER BY [LastModified] DESC) [Color], (SELECT TOP(1) [FirstName] FROM [Preference] WHERE p.ID = ID AND [FirstName] IS NOT NULL ORDER BY [LastModified] DESC) [FirstName] FROM Person p ) SELECT ID, Color, FirstName FROM vw WHERE Color = 'Gray'; If you look at the two query plans, you'll see that an outer join is used for each subquery and that the order of the joins is the same as the order the subqueries are written. There is a filter applied to the result of the outer join for color, to filter out rows where the color is not 'Gray'. (It's odd to me that SQL would use an outer join for the color subquery since I have a non-null constraint on the result of the color subquery, but OK.) Most of the rows are removed by the color filter. The result is that query 2 is significantly cheaper than query 1 because fewer rows are involved with the second join. All reasons for constructing such a statement aside, is this an expected behavior? Shouldn't SQL server opt to move the filter as early as possible in the query plan, regardless of the order the subqueries are written?

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• ruby on rails delajed_job failing with rvm

  - by mottalrd

  I have delayed_job installed and I start the daemon to run the jobs with this ruby script require 'rubygems' require 'daemon_spawn' $: << '.' RAILS_ROOT = File.expand_path(File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), '..')) class DelayedJobWorker < DaemonSpawn::Base def start(args) ENV['RAILS_ENV'] ||= args.first || 'development' Dir.chdir RAILS_ROOT require File.join('config', 'environment') Delayed::Worker.new.start end def stop system("kill `cat #{RAILS_ROOT}/tmp/pids/delayed_job.pid`") end end DelayedJobWorker.spawn!(:log_file => File.join(RAILS_ROOT, "log", "delayed_job.log"), :pid_file => File.join(RAILS_ROOT, 'tmp', 'pids', 'delayed_job.pid'), :sync_log => true, :working_dir => RAILS_ROOT) If I run the command with rvmsudo it works perfectly If I simply use the ruby command without rvm it fails and this is the output, but I have no idea why this happens. Could you give me some clue? Thank you user@mysystem:~/redeal.it/application$ ruby script/delayed_job start production /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194/gems/daemon-spawn-0.4.2/lib/daemon_spawn.rb:16:in `kill': Operation not permitted (Errno::EPERM) from /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194/gems/daemon-spawn-0.4.2/lib/daemon_spawn.rb:16:in `alive?' from /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194/gems/daemon-spawn-0.4.2/lib/daemon_spawn.rb:125:in `alive?' from /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194/gems/daemon-spawn-0.4.2/lib/daemon_spawn.rb:176:in `block in start' from /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194/gems/daemon-spawn-0.4.2/lib/daemon_spawn.rb:176:in `select' from /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194/gems/daemon-spawn-0.4.2/lib/daemon_spawn.rb:176:in `start' from /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194/gems/daemon-spawn-0.4.2/lib/daemon_spawn.rb:165:in `spawn!' from script/delayed_job:37:in `<main>'

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• Does query plan optimizer works well with joined/filtered table-valued functions?

  - by smoothdeveloper

  In SQLSERVER 2005, I'm using table-valued function as a convenient way to perform arbitrary aggregation on subset data from large table (passing date range or such parameters). I'm using theses inside larger queries as joined computations and I'm wondering if the query plan optimizer work well with them in every condition or if I'm better to unnest such computation in my larger queries. Does query plan optimizer unnest table-valued functions if it make sense? If it doesn't, what do you recommend to avoid code duplication that would occur by manually unnesting them? If it does, how do you identify that from the execution plan? code sample: create table dbo.customers ( [key] uniqueidentifier , constraint pk_dbo_customers primary key ([key]) ) go /* assume large amount of data */ create table dbo.point_of_sales ( [key] uniqueidentifier , customer_key uniqueidentifier , constraint pk_dbo_point_of_sales primary key ([key]) ) go create table dbo.product_ranges ( [key] uniqueidentifier , constraint pk_dbo_product_ranges primary key ([key]) ) go create table dbo.products ( [key] uniqueidentifier , product_range_key uniqueidentifier , release_date datetime , constraint pk_dbo_products primary key ([key]) , constraint fk_dbo_products_product_range_key foreign key (product_range_key) references dbo.product_ranges ([key]) ) go . /* assume large amount of data */ create table dbo.sales_history ( [key] uniqueidentifier , product_key uniqueidentifier , point_of_sale_key uniqueidentifier , accounting_date datetime , amount money , quantity int , constraint pk_dbo_sales_history primary key ([key]) , constraint fk_dbo_sales_history_product_key foreign key (product_key) references dbo.products ([key]) , constraint fk_dbo_sales_history_point_of_sale_key foreign key (point_of_sale_key) references dbo.point_of_sales ([key]) ) go create function dbo.f_sales_history_..snip.._date_range ( @accountingdatelowerbound datetime, @accountingdateupperbound datetime ) returns table as return ( select pos.customer_key , sh.product_key , sum(sh.amount) amount , sum(sh.quantity) quantity from dbo.point_of_sales pos inner join dbo.sales_history sh on sh.point_of_sale_key = pos.[key] where sh.accounting_date between @accountingdatelowerbound and @accountingdateupperbound group by pos.customer_key , sh.product_key ) go -- TODO: insert some data -- this is a table containing a selection of product ranges declare @selectedproductranges table([key] uniqueidentifier) -- this is a table containing a selection of customers declare @selectedcustomers table([key] uniqueidentifier) declare @low datetime , @up datetime -- TODO: set top query parameters . select saleshistory.customer_key , saleshistory.product_key , saleshistory.amount , saleshistory.quantity from dbo.products p inner join @selectedproductranges productrangeselection on p.product_range_key = productrangeselection.[key] inner join @selectedcustomers customerselection on 1 = 1 inner join dbo.f_sales_history_..snip.._date_range(@low, @up) saleshistory on saleshistory.product_key = p.[key] and saleshistory.customer_key = customerselection.[key] I hope the sample makes sense. Much thanks for your help!

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• django inner redirects

  - by Zayatzz

  Hello I have one project that in my own development computer (uses mod_wsgi to serve the project) caused no problems. In live server (uses mod_fastcgi) it generates 500 though. my url conf is like this: # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from django.conf.urls.defaults import * # Uncomment the next two lines to enable the admin: from django.contrib import admin admin.autodiscover() urlpatterns = patterns('', url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)), url(r'^', include('jalka.game.urls')), ) and # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from django.conf.urls.defaults import * from django.contrib.auth import views as auth_views urlpatterns = patterns('jalka.game.views', url(r'^$', view = 'front', name = 'front',), url(r'^ennusta/(?P<game_id>\d+)/$', view = 'ennusta', name = 'ennusta',), url(r'^login/$', auth_views.login, {'template_name': 'game/login.html'}, name='auth_login'), url(r'^logout/$', auth_views.logout, {'template_name': 'game/logout.html'}, name='auth_logout'), url(r'^arvuta/$', view = 'arvuta', name = 'arvuta',), ) and .htaccess is like that: Options +FollowSymLinks RewriteEngine on RewriteOptions MaxRedirects=10 # RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} . RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www\.domain\.com RewriteRule (.*) http://domain.com/$1 [R=301,L] AddHandler fastcgi-script .fcgi RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^jalka\.domain\.com$ [NC] RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteRule ^(.*) cgi-bin/fifa2010.fcgi/$1 [QSA,L] RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^subdomain\.otherdomain\.eu$ [NC] RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteRule ^(.*) cgi-bin/django.fcgi/$1 [QSA,L] Notice, that i have also other project set up with same .htaccess and that one is running just fine with more complex urls and views fifa2010.fcgi: #!/usr/local/bin/python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import sys, os DOMAIN = "domain.com" APPNAME = "jalka" PREFIX = "/www/apache/domains/www.%s" % (DOMAIN,) # Add a custom Python path. sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(PREFIX, "htdocs/django/Django-1.2.1")) sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(PREFIX, "htdocs")) sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(PREFIX, "htdocs/jalka")) # Switch to the directory of your project. (Optional.) os.chdir(os.path.join(PREFIX, "htdocs", APPNAME)) # Set the DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE environment variable. os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = "%s.settings" % (APPNAME,) from django.core.servers.fastcgi import runfastcgi runfastcgi(method="threaded", daemonize="false") Alan

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• Avoiding Duplicate Data in DB (for use with Rails)

  - by ants

  I have five tables that I am trying to get to work nicely together but may need some help. I have three main tables: accounts members and roles. With two join tables account_members and account_member_roles. The accounts and members table are joined by account_members (fk account_id and member_id) table. The other 2 tables are the problem (roles and account_member_roles). A member of an account can have more than one role and I have the account_member_roles (fk account_member_id and role_id) table joining the account_members join table and the roles table. That seems logical but can you have a relationship with a join table? What I'd like to be able to do is when creaeting an account, for instance, I would like @account.save to include the roles and update the account_member_roles table neatly ..... but through the account_members join table. I've tried ..... accept_nested_attributes_for :members, :account_member_roles in the account.rb but I get ..... ActiveRecord::HasManyThroughCantAssociateThroughHasManyReflection (Cannot modify association 'Account#account_member_roles' because the source reflection class 'AccountMemberRole' is associated to 'AccountMember' via :has_many.) upon trying to save a record. Any advice on how I should approach this? CIA -ants

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