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• what are the recent dataStructure and algorithms that one should know?

  - by Shamik

  Recently I came across the SkipList data structure. It really helped me to solve one otherwise critical problem to be solved. I was struggling to solve the same problem with Balanced Binary tree but it became very complex as the tree needs to be always balanced and I wanted to know the existence of not only a particular value but values in certain range. SkipList helped me to solve that problem effectively. I am wondering what else data structures that I need to know? I know - Array, List, Stack, Queue, Linked List, hashtable, tree and its different forms like B-tree, Trie etc. Would like to know if you find some other data structure/concept very interesting to know yet effective enough to be used in a daily development cycle.

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• I'm an idiot/blind and I can't find why I'm getting a list index error. Care to take a look at these 20 or so lines?

  - by Meff

  Basically it's supposed to take a set of coordinates and return a list of coordinates of it's neighbors. However, when it hits here:if result[i][0] < 0 or result[i][0] >= board.dimensions: result.pop(i) when i is 2, it gives me an out of index error. I can manage to have it print result[2][0] but at the if statement it throws the errors. I have no clue how this is happening and if anyone could shed any light on this problem I'd be forever in debt. def neighborGen(row,col,board): """ returns lists of coords of neighbors, in order of up, down, left, right """ result = [] result.append([row-1 , col]) result.append([row+1 , col]) result.append([row , col-1]) result.append([row , col+1]) #prune off invalid neighbors (such as (0,-1), etc etc) for i in range(len(result)): if result[i][0] < 0 or result[i][0] >= board.dimensions: result.pop(i) if result[i][1] < 0 or result[i][1] >= board.dimensions: result.pop(i) return result

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• Python: why does str() on some text from a UTF-8 file give a UnicodeDecodeError?

  - by AP257

  I'm processing a UTF-8 file in Python, and have used simplejson to load it into a dictionary. However, I'm getting a UnicodeDecodeError when I try to turn one of the dictionary values into a string: f = open('my_json.json', 'r') master_dictionary = json.load(f) #some json wrangling, then it fails on this line... mysql_string += " ('" + str(v_dict['code']) Traceback (most recent call last): File "my_file.py", line 25, in <module> str(v_dict['code']) + "'), " UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character u'\xf4' in position 35: ordinal not in range(128) Why is Python even using ASCII? I thought it used UTF-8 by default, and this is a UTF-8 file. What is the problem?

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• Python list comprehension overriding value

  - by Joschua

  Hi, folks have a look at the following piece of code, which shows a list comprehension.. >>> i = 6 >>> s = [i * i for i in range(100)] >>> print(i) When you execute the code example in Python 2.6 it prints 99, but when you execute it in Python 3.x it prints 6. What were the reason for changing the behaviour and why is the output 6 in Python 3.x? Thank you in advance!

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• What Can A 'TreeDict' (Or Treemap) Be Used For In Practice?

  - by Seun Osewa

  I'm developing a 'TreeDict' class in Python. This is a basically a dict that allows you to retrieve its key-value pairs in sorted order, just like the Treemap collection class in Java. I've implemented some functionality based on the way unique indexes in relational databases can be used, e.g. functions to let you retrieve values corresponding to a range of keys, keys greater than, less than or equal to a particular value in sorted order, strings or tuples that have a specific prefix in sorted order, etc. Unfortunately, I can't think of any real life problem that will require a class like this. I suspect that the reason we don't have sorted dicts in Python is that in practice they aren't required often enough to be worth it, but I want to be proved wrong. Can you think of any specific applications of a 'TreeDict'? Any real life problem that would be best solved by this data structure? I just want to know for sure whether this is worth it.

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• Alternative to "assign to a function call" in a python

  - by Pythonista's Apprentice

  I'm trying to solve this newbie puzzle: I've created this function: def bucket_loop(htable, key): bucket = hashtable_get_bucket(htable, key) for entry in bucket: if entry[0] == key: return entry[1] else: return None And I have to call it in two other functions (bellow) in the following way: to change the value of the element entry[1] or to append to this list (entry) a new element. But I can't do that calling the function bucket_loop the way I did because "you can't assign to function call" (assigning to a function call is illegal in Python). What is the alternative (most similar to the code I wrote) to do this (bucket_loop(htable, key) = value and hashtable_get_bucket(htable, key).append([key, value]))? def hashtable_update(htable, key, value): if bucket_loop(htable, key) != None: bucket_loop(htable, key) = value else: hashtable_get_bucket(htable, key).append([key, value]) def hashtable_lookup(htable, key): return bucket_loop(htable, key) Thanks, in advance, for any help! This is the rest of the code to make this script works: def make_hashtable(size): table = [] for unused in range(0, size): table.append([]) return table def hash_string(s, size): h = 0 for c in s: h = h + ord(c) return h % size def hashtable_get_bucket(htable, key): return htable[hash_string(key, len(htable))] Similar question (but didn't help me): Python: Cannot Assign Function Call

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• jquery: show data after change event

  - by klox

  i have this code: <script> $("#mod").change(function() { var matches=str.match(/(EE|[EJU]).*(D)/i); $.ajax({ type="post", url="process.php", data="matches", cache=false, async=false, success= function(res){ $('#rslt').replaceWith("<div id='value'><h6>Tuner range is" + res + " .</h6></div>"); return this; } }); return false; }); </script> i want this code can show the result normally..where is my fault?

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• What is the point of heightmaps?

  - by Jake Petroules

  I've been pondering this question awhile now... many 3d engines support advanced terrain rendering using quadtrees, LOD... all the features you expect. But every engine I've seen loads height data from heightmaps... grayscale bitmaps. I just can't understand how this is useful - each point in a heightmap can have one of 256 values. But what if you wanted to model Mt. Everest? with detail of 1 meter, or even greater? That's far outside the range of 256. Of course I understand that you can implement your own terrain format to achieve this, but I just can't see why heightmaps are so widely used despite their great limitations.

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• Good Silverlight 4.0 chart / graph component?

  - by Duncan Bayne

  I've been using the Silverlight Toolkit but I'm finding the quality lacking; in particular this memory leak / phantom point bug renders the Chart component completely unusable. Can anyone recommend a good chart / graph component for Silverlight 4.0? I'm looking for one that provides: multiple simultaneous series, both scatter and line multi-select of points configurable tool-tips automatic axis scaling real-time update of data That last point sounds trivial but is tripping up the Silverlight Toolkit Chart; if you rapidly change the axis range, it sometimes leaves phantom points behind in addition to the points it should be displaying.

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• Modifiers in Makefile rule's dependency list

  - by gnu_maker

  The problem is fairly simple. I am trying to write a rule, that given the name of the required file will be able to tailor its dependencies. Let's say I have two programs: calc_foo and calc_bar and they generate a file with output dependent on the parameter. My target would have a name 'target_*_*'; for example, 'target_foo_1' would be generated by running './calc_foo 1'. The question is, how to write a makefile that would generate outputs of the two programs for a range of parameters?

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• Have you ever derived a programming solution from nature?

  - by Ryu

  When you step back and look at ... the nature of animals, insects, plants and the problems they have organically solved perhaps even the nature and balance of the universe Have you ever been able to solve a problem by deriving an approach from nature? I've heard of Ant Colony Algorithms being able to optimize supply chain amongst other things. Also Fractal's being the "geometry of nature" have been applied to a wide range of problems. Now that spring is here again and the world is coming back to life I'm wondering if anybody has some experiences they can share. Thanks PS I would recommend watching the "Hunting the Hidden Dimension" Nova episode on fractals.

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• JQuery multiple-choice quiz script: how to ensure the correct answer is available?

  - by DavidR

  I have a function. I pass to it an object with a list of questions and answers. I generate a random number from a range equal to the number of questions in the object. The script check to see if that question has been asked, and if not, it asks it, the correct answer is then passed to a variable correct. I want to give 4 possible answers, each one randomly selected from the list of possible answers. I have this. I just want to know what is the best way to ensure that the correct answer is placed in the list. So far, this is what I have: it puts four answers into four targeted boxes. I want to ensure that the correct answer is in a randomly selected box. function getRandom(limit) { return Math.floor(Math.random() * limit ) } $("#answers > .answer").each(function(i){ r = getRandom(total_questions); $(this).text(answers[r]) });

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• How to stream an HttpResponse with Django

  - by muudscope

  I'm trying to get the 'hello world' of streaming responses working for Django (1.2). I figured out how to use a generator and the yield function. But the response still not streaming. I suspect there's a middleware that's mucking with it -- maybe ETAG calculator? But I'm not sure how to disable it. Can somebody please help? Here's the "hello world" of streaming that I have so far: def stream_response(request): resp = HttpResponse( stream_response_generator()) return resp def stream_response_generator(): for x in range(1,11): yield "%s\n" % x # Returns a chunk of the response to the browser time.sleep(1)

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• Microphone input

  - by George

  I'm trying to build a gadget that detects pistol shots using Android. It's a part of a training aid for pistol shooters that tells how the shots are distributed in time and I use a HTC Tattoo for testing. I use the MediaRecorder and its getMaxAmplitude method to get the highest amplitude during the last 1/100 s but it does not work as expected; speech gives me values from getMaxAmplitude in the range from 0 to about 25000 while the pistol shots (or shouting!) only reaches about 15000. With a sampling frequency of 8kHz there should be some samples with considerably high level. Anyone who knows how these things work? Are there filters that are applied before registering the max amplitude. If so, is it hardware or software? Thanks, /George

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• Online Game programming in Google App Engine: AI

  - by Hortinstein

  I am currently in the planning stages of a game for google app engine, but cannot wrap my head around how I am going to handle AI. I intend to have persistant NPCs that will move about the map, but short of writing a program that generates the same XML requests I use to control player actions, than run it on another server I am stuck on how to do it. I have looked at the Task Queue feature, but due to long running processes not being an option on the App engine, I am a little stuck. I intend to run multiple server instances with 200+ persistant NPC entities that I will need to update. Most action is slowly roaming around based on player movements/concentrations, and attacking close range players(you can probably guess the type of game im developing)

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• What alternatives are there to Google App Engine?

  - by Chris Marasti-Georg

  What alternatives are there to GAE, given that I already have a good bit of code working that I would like to keep. In other words, I'm digging python. However, my use case is more of a low number of requests, higher CPU usage type use case, and I'm worried that I may not be able to stay with App Engine forever. I have heard a lot of people talking about Amazon Web Services and other sorts of cloud providers, but I am having a hard time seeing where most of these other offerings provide the range of services (data querying, user authentication, automatic scaling) that App Engine provides. What are my options here?

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• Validate decimal number in (known) national format

  - by Álvaro G. Vicario

  PHP has many built-in functions to validate numbers but they all expect input in computer format: 1234.56. I need to validate stuff like 1,234.56 (English) or 1.234,56 (Spanish), together with some typical attributes (accepted range, max number of decimals, etc.). I started writing my own function but I soon got lost. It's easy to read the user input into a float variable but I want to be able to detect numbers with invalid formats like 1,23456.7 or 1..25. Do you have any recommendation on the subject? (Decimal and thousand characters are known beforehand and it's okay to hard-code digit groups as three, there's no need to cover Indian number format.)

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• AWK: is there some flag to ignore comments?

  - by HH

  Comment rows are counted in the NR. Is there some flag to ignore comments? How can you limit the range in AWK, not like piping | sed -e '1d', to ignore comment rows? Example $ awk '{sum+=$3} END {avg=sum/NR} END {print avg}' coriolis_data 0.885491 // WRONG divided by 11, should be by 10 $ cat coriolis_data #d-err-t-err-d2-err .105 0.005 0.9766 0.0001 0.595 0.005 .095 0.005 0.9963 0.0001 0.595 0.005 .115 0.005 0.9687 0.0001 0.595 0.005 .105 0.005 0.9693 0.0001 0.595 0.005 .095 0.005 0.9798 0.0001 0.595 0.005 .105 0.005 0.9798 0.0001 0.595 0.005 .095 0.005 0.9711 0.0001 0.595 0.005 .110 0.005 0.9640 0.0001 0.595 0.005 .105 0.005 0.9704 0.0001 0.595 0.005 .090 0.005 0.9644 0.0001 0.595 0.005

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• iOS Development: Why isn't my try block catching the exception?

  - by BeachRunnerJoe

  Hi. I have an exception being thrown in my code, but when I wrap it in an try/catch block, it doesn't get caught. The NSLog statement is never called in the catch block. Here's the code... NSInteger quoteLength; [data getBytes:(void *)&quoteLength range:NSMakeRange(sizeof(messageType), sizeof(quoteLength))]; @try { //Debugger stack trace shows an NSException being thrown on this statement NSData *stringData = [data subdataWithRange:NSMakeRange(sizeof(messageType) + sizeof(quoteLength), [data length])]; NSString *quote = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:stringData encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]; NSLog(@"received quote: %@",quote); [quote release]; } @catch (NSException * e) { NSLog(@"Exception Raised: %@", [e reason]); } Why doesn't it get caught? Thanks so much!

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• Python elegant inverse function of int(string,base)

  - by random guy

  python allows conversions from string to integer using any base in the range [2,36] using: int(string,base) im looking for an elegant inverse function that takes an integer and a base and returns a string for example >>> str_base(224,15) 'ee' i have the following solution: def digit_to_char(digit): if digit < 10: return chr(ord('0') + digit) else: return chr(ord('a') + digit - 10) def str_base(number,base): if number < 0: return '-' + str_base(-number,base) else: (d,m) = divmod(number,base) if d: return str_base(d,base) + digit_to_char(m) else: return digit_to_char(m) note: digit_to_char() works for bases <= 169 arbitrarily using ascii characters after 'z' as digits for bases above 36 is there a python builtin, library function, or a more elegant inverse function of int(string,base) ?

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• Assign weight to a integer column for Sphinx search

  - by Daniel

  Hello: I have a note table with columns: title :string content :text rating :integer and a thinking_sphinx configuration: define_index do indexes :title, :sortable => true indexes :content end Then I can search the notes and assign weights to title and content to define the order or the result: Note.search "abc", :match_mode => :extended, :field_weights => { :title => 10, :content => 3 } Now I want to assign a weight to the rating column The type of the rating column is integer. The range of the rating is [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]. Can I just add weight at the :field_weights :field_weights => { :title => 10, :content => 3, :rating => 5 } or I need to do something else to make the note which has higer rating display first?

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• How do I implement an higher lower game algorithm?

  - by lazorde

  The computer will guess a player’s number between 1 and 100. After each guess the human player should respond “higher”, “lower” or “correct”. Your program should be able to guess the player’s number in no more than 7 tries. Begin by explaining the game to the player, telling him/her to think of a number between 1 and 100. Make the computer do what you would normally do to guess a number in a certain range. Allow the user to respond with “higher”, “lower”, or “correct” after each computer guess. Output the number of tries it took the computer to guess the number. Make the game as user friendly as you can.

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• Enumerating combinations in a distributed manner

  - by Reyzooti

  I have a problem where I must analyse 500C5 combinations (255244687600) of something. Distributing it over a 10 node cluster where each cluster processes roughly 10^6 combinations per second means the job will be complete in about 7hours. The problem I have is distributing the 255244687600 combinations over the 10 nodes. I'd like to present each node with 25524468760, however the algorithms I'm using can only produce the combinations sequentially, I'd like to be able to pass the set of elements and a range of combination indicies eg: [0-10^7) or [10^7,2.0 10^7) etc and have the nodes themselves figure out the combinations. The algorithms I'm using at the moment are from the following: http://home.roadrunner.com/~hinnant/combinations.html A logical question I've considered using a master node, that enumerates each of the combinations and sends work to each of the nodes, however the overhead incurred in iterating the combinations from a single node and communicating back and forth work is enormous, and will subsequently lead to the master node becoming the bottleneck. Are there any good combination iterating algorithms geared up for efficient/optimal distributed enumeration?

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• Unity 2D Instantiating a prefab with it's components

  - by TazmanNZL

  I have some block prefabs that I add to an array of game objects: public GameObject[]blocks; Each prefab has a BoxCollider2D, Script & Rigidbody2D components. But when I try to instantiate the prefab in the scene it doesn't appear to have the components attached? Here is how I am instantiating the prefab: for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < gridWidth; j++) { blockClone = Instantiate (blocks [Random.Range (0, blocks.Length)] as GameObject, new Vector3 (j, -i-2, 0f), transform.rotation) as GameObject; } } What am I doing wrong?

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• T-SQL Operations on a Calculated Date Field

  - by firedrawndagger

  Can I do WHERE operations on a calculated date field? I have a lookup field, which has been written badly in SQL and unfortunately I can't change it. But basically it stores dates as characters such as "July-2010" or "June-2009" (along with other non date data). I want to extract the dates first (which I did using a LIKE opertor) and then extract data based on a date range. SELECT BusinessUnit, Lookup, ReleaseDate FROM ( SELECT TOP 10 LookupColumn As Lookup, BU as BusinessUnit, CONVERT(DATETIME, REPLACE(LookupColumn,'-',' ')) as ReleaseDate FROM [dbo].[LookupTable] WHERE LookupColumn LIKE N'%-2010' ) MyTable ORDER BY ReleaseDate WHERE ReleaseDate = '2010-02-01' I'm having issues with WHERE operator. I would assume creating a subquery to encapsulate the calculated field would allow me to do operations with it such as WHERE but maybe I'm wrong. Bottom line is it possible to do operations on calculated fields?

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