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• Wiping Deleted Directory Entries and Defragmenting Directories

  - by Synetech inc.

  Hi, I have seen plenty of apps that wipe free space on a disk (usually by creating a file that is as big as the remaining space) or defragment a file (usually by using the MoveFile API to copy it to a new contiguous area). What I have not seen however is a program that wipes the deleted directory entries. That is, when a file is deleted, its information (name, dates, etc.) remain in the directory, but are simply marked as empty. That leaves all kinds of information in a directory entry, and also wastes space since (at least on FAT drives), the directory may be using several clusters. For example, if a directory once had a lot of files, it will be expanded to use another cluster which could be anywhere on the disk. This means that the directory is fragmented, and may be using more clusters than needed, possibly with 100’s of unused (ie, “deleted file”) entries between active files. Does anyone know of a program that can defragment/consolidate directories (ie, wipe unused entries, and move active entries together)? (I would really rather not have to resort to writing my own yet again.) Thanks a lot. EDIT Sorry, I should have said, Windows and/or DOS, for FAT*/NTFS.

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• How do I make dnsmasq serve IP addresses via IPoIB?

  - by Matt

  I have a cluster farm that I'm setting up. The nodes (computers in the farm) are connected via ethernet & IP over Infiniband. I'm needing to netboot the nodes and thought dnsmasq would fit well as it provides all the features including support for DHCP over IB and it works great for our ethernet setup. However, I can't seem to get it to provide IP addresses to the infiniband adaptors on the nodes. Each node is running an Ubuntu desktop 12.04 LTS. The dnsmasq server is running on ubuntu server 12.04LTS and has the following test config: dhcp-authoritative domain-needed bogus-priv expand-hosts no-hosts domain=local dhcp-range=eth0,10.0.0.10,10.0.0.255,12h dhcp-option=eth0,3,10.0.0.1 dhcp-range=ib0,10.1.1.10,10.1.1.255,12h dhcp-option=ib0,3,10.1.1.1 log-queries log-dhcp IPoIB works between nodes when configured statically but not with dhcp. On the nodes the file /etc/network/interfaces contains auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto ib0 iface ib0 inet dhcp #iface ib0 inet static #address 10.1.1.5 #netmask 255.0.0.0 up echo connected >`find /sys -name mode | grep ib0` Is there something I need to do on the client or server end to make this work?

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• Data recovery on a corrupted 3TB disk

  - by Mark K Cowan

  Short version I probably need software to run a deep-scan recovery (ideally on Linux) to find files on NTFS filesystem. The file data is intact, but the references are no longer present. Analogous to recovering data from a "quick-formatted" partition. Hopefully there is a smarter way available than deep-scan, one which would recover filenames and possibly paths. Long version I have a 3TB disk containing a load of backups. Windows 7 SP1 refused to detect the disk when plugged in directly via SATA, so I put it on a USB/SATA adaptor which seemed to work at first. The SATA/USB adaptor probably does not support disks over 2.2TB though. Windows first asked me if I wanted to 'format' the disk, then later showed me most of the contents but some folder were inaccessible. I stupidly decided to run a CHKDSK on my backup disk, which made the folders accessible but also left them empty. I connected this disk via SATA to my main PC (Arch Linux). I tried: testdisk ntfsundelete ntfsfix --no-action (to look for diagnostically relevant faults, disk was "OK" though) to no avail as the files references in the tables had presumably been zeroed out by CHKDSK, rather than using a typical journal'd deletion). If it is useful at all, a majority of the files that I want to recover are JPEG, Photoshop PSD, and MPEG-3/MPEG-4/AVI/MKV files. If worst comes to worst, I'll just design my own sector scanner and use some simple heuristic-driven analysis to recover raw binary blocks of data from the disk which appears to match the structures of the above file types. I am unfamiliar with the exact workings of NTFS but used to be proficient at recovering FAT32 systems with just a hex-editor, so I can provide any useful diagnostic information if you let me know how to find it! My priorities in ascending order of importance for choosing the accepted answer: Restores directory structure Recovers many filenames in addition to the file data Is free / very cheap Runs on Linux Recovers a majority of file data The last point is the most important, but the more of the higher points you match the more rep you'll probably get :)

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• vmware vmdk disk problem

  - by dmtr

  I have a VMware ESXi 4 server and 2 storage servers (mounted via nfs). Between the storage servers (Fedora 14) is a drbd cluster (dual primary) and ocfs2 filesystem; also every server has a local partition with an ext4 filesystem, both are mounted via nfs on the esxi server. When I tried to copy a virtual machine (naturally it was powered off) from the ext4 partition to the ocfs2 partition, the vmdk total file size is different, but the md5sum is the same. On the ext4 partition: # ls -la total 28492228 -rw------- 1 root root 42949672960 Jan 14 14:46 disk-flat.vmdk # md5sum disk-flat.vmdk 0eaebe3138beb32f54ea5de6dfe5a987 On the ocfs2 partition: # ls -la total 13974660 -rw------- 1 root root 42949672960 Jan 14 16:16 disk-flat.vmdk # md5sum disk-flat.vmdk 0eaebe3138beb32f54ea5de6dfe5a987 When I power on the virtual machine from the ocfs2 partition it dosn't work. I have a windows on the virtual machine and it freez?s after the windows logo. From the ext4 partition the virtual machine workes. I tested with linux (created and installed on ext4 partition and then copied to the ocfs2) and the same problem appears. When I create a virtual machine directly from ocfs2 partition, there are no problems. I tried to copy via vSphere client, and I have the same problem. Any suggestions?

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• How to deduplicate 40TB of data?

  - by Michael Stauffer

  I've inherited a research cluster with ~40TB of data across three filesystems. The data stretches back almost 15 years, and there are most likely a good amount of duplicates as researchers copy each others data for different reasons and then just hang on to the copies. I know about de-duping tools like fdupes and rmlint. I'm trying to find one that will work on such a large dataset. I don't care if it takes weeks (or maybe even months) to crawl all the data - I'll probably throttle it anyway to go easy on the filesystems. But I need to find a tool that's either somehow super efficient with RAM, or can store all the intermediary data it needs in files rather than RAM. I'm assuming that my RAM (64GB) will be exhausted if I crawl through all this data as one set. I'm experimenting with fdupes now on a 900GB tree. It's 25% of the way through and RAM usage has been slowly creeping up the whole time, now it's at 700MB. Or, is there a way to direct a process to use disk-mapped RAM so there's much more available and it doesn't use system RAM? I'm running CentOS 6.

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• VMware vSphere 4.1 and BackupExec 2010

  - by Josh

  I'm sure a common problem with most shops is backups, their size, and the window in which you have to back up the data. What we are working with: VMware vSphere 4.1 Cluster PS4000XV Equallogic Storage Array (1.6TB Volume dedicated for Backup to Disk) Physical Backup Server with a single LTO4 drive. BackupExec 2010 R3 with the following agents, Exchange, SQL, Active Directory, VMware. Dual Gigabit MPIO Connections between all devices (Storage Array, Backup Server, VM Hosts) What we would like to accomplish: I would like to implement an efficient Backup to Disk to Tape solution where all of our VMs are backed up to the Storage Array first, and then once completely backed up to the array are replicated to tape. In the event we needed to recover, we would be able to do so directly from tape. Where we are at currently. Of the several ways I have setup the jobs in Backup Exec 2010 R3 the backup jobs all queue up at the same time, as soon as a job is finished backing up to disk it then starts that same job to tape, but pulling from the original source instead of the designated B2D location. I understand that I could create a job that backs up the "Backup to Disk" folder to tape, but in the event of restoration, I would first need to stage the data in the B2D folder before I could restore the VM. I would really like to hear from individuals in similar situations. Any and all comments and critiques are appreciated.

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• Different versions of iperf for windows give totally different results

  - by Albert Mata

  Measuring TCP output from a Windows client to Solaris server: WXP SP3 with iperf 1.7.0 -- returns an average around 90Mbit Same client, same server but iperf 2.0.5 for windows -- returns an average of 8.5 Mbit Similar discrepancies have been observed connecting to other servers (W2008, W2003) It's difficult to get to some conclusions when different versions of the same tool provide vastly different results. Example below: C:\tempiperf -v (from iperf.fr) iperf version 2.0.5 (08 Jul 2010) pthreads C:\tempiperf -c solaris10 Client connecting to solaris10, TCP port 5001 TCP window size: 64.0 KByte (default) [ 3] local 10.172.181.159 port 2124 connected with 10.172.180.209 port 5001 [ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth [ 3] 0.0-10.2 sec 10.6 MBytes 8.74 Mbits/sec Abysmal perfomance, but now I test from the same host (Windows XP SP3 32bit and 100Mbit) to the same server (Solaris 10/sparc 64bit and 1Gbit running iperf 2.0.5 with default window of 48k) with the old iperf C:\temp1iperf -v iperf version 1.7.0 (13 Mar 2003) win32 threads C:\temp1iperf.exe -c solaris10 -w64k Client connecting to solaris10, TCP port 5001 TCP window size: 64.0 KByte [1208] local 10.172.181.159 port 2128 connected with 10.172.180.209 port 5001 [ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth [1208] 0.0-10.0 sec 112 MBytes 94.0 Mbits/sec So one iperf with a 64k window says 8.75Mbit and the old iperf with the same window size says 94.0Mbit. These results are constant through repeated tests. From my testing launching iperf(old) with window size "x" and iperf(new) with window size "x" instead of producing the same or very close results produce totally different results. The only difference I see is the old compiled as win32 threads vs. pthreads but parallelism (-P 10) appears to work in both. Anyone has a clue or can recommend a tool that gives results I can trust?? EDIT: Looking at traces from (old) iperf it sets the TCP Window Scale flag to 3 in the SYN packet, when I run the (new) iperf this is set to 0 in the initial packet. A quick analysis of the window size through the exchange shows the (old) iperf moving back and forth but mostly at 32k while the (new) iperf mostly keeps at 64k. Maybe it will help somebody to connect the dots.

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• SQL 2008 Replication corrupt data problem

  - by Jonathan K

  We took a SQL 2000 database. Took a lightspeed backup. Restored on SQL 2008 active/passive cluster. Then setup replication to replicate the data back to SQL 2000. So 2008 is the publisher/distributor, and 2000 is doing a pull subscription. Everything works well, execpt we occassionally get corrupt data in varchar/text fields on the subscriber. So for example we have a table with 4500 records. When we run this statement: update MedstaffProvider set Notes = 'Cell Phone: 360.123.4567 Answering Service: 360.123.9876' where LastName = 'smith' The record in the 2008 database is updated as expected. But in the subsriber datbase we'll get gibberish in the notes field: óPÌ[1] T $Oé[1] ð²ñ. K Here's what we know: This is repeatable, meaning we can run that same query all day long and get the same gibberish. If you alter update statement slightly the data gets replicated just fine. The collation on both databases is the same. So far we've only detected the problem with text/varchar fields. (The notes field above is text). Only one or two records in a table are impacted. The table structure looks identical in both 2000/2008. We haven't made any changes. We have found one solution that fixes the problem. Basically if we recreate the table in 2008 (say as MedStaffProvider2) and then insert all the data. Drop the original table. Rename the table to it's original name. Setup replication again. And run the exact same update statement it works as expected. Does anyone have any idea what might be happening here? Or are there any other techniques we can use to troubleshoot this? I've found a solution for this, but would really like to undertsand why this is happening.

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• Apache process consuming all memory on the server

  - by jemmille

  I have an apache process that suddenly appears on a particular server. When it shows up it starts consuming memory at a very rapid rate, then moves on to all the swap. In all it consumes about 11GB (including swap) of memory and the server eventually becomes unresponsive. The load on the server is under 1 at all other times. The process runs as nobody and I am having a hard time tracking down the source. If i run an strace on the process and all it did was continuously dump out mprotect over and over again If i run lsof -p <pid>, I get this, but only sometimes: httpd 19229 nobody 152u IPv4 175050 crawl-66-249-67-216.googlebot.com:62336 (CLOSE_WAIT) httpd 19229 nobody 153u IPv4 179104 crawl-66-249-71-167.googlebot.com:58012 (ESTABLISHED) As long as I catch it, I can kill the process and the server almost immediately stabilizes. I have on site on the server that is getting a few thousand hits a a day that I think might be the source, but I still can't find the exact reason. Also, this is a cPanel server and I have upcp'd the server, rebuilt apache with easy apache, and rebuilt httpd.conf. It is not spawing any related processes, meaning I can find any php, mysql, cgi, etc. processes that relate to this process. It's just a loner process that balloons fast and consumes ever last MB of memory. This is on a XenServer 5.6 based VM. No other servers in the cluster are having this issue.

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• Advice needed: warm backup solution for SQL Server 2008 Express?

  - by Mikey Cee

  What are my options for achieving a warm backup server for a SQL Server Express instance running a single database? Sitting beside my production SQL Server 2008 Express box I have a second physical box currently doing nothing. I want to use this second box as a warm backup server by somehow replicating my production database in near real time (a little bit of data loss is acceptable). The database is very small and resources are utilized very lightly. In the case that the production server dies, I would manually reconfigure my application to point to the backup server instead. Although Express doesn't support log shipping natively, I am thinking that I could manually script a poor man's version of it, where I use batch files to take the logs and copy them across the network and apply them to the second server at 5 minute intervals. Does anyone have any advice on whether this is technically achievable, or if there is a better way to do what I am trying to do? Note that I want to avoid having to pay for the full version of SQL Server and configure mirroring as I think it is an overkill for this application. I understand that other DB platforms may present suitable options (eg. a MySQL Cluster), but for the purposes of this discussion, let's assume we have to stick to SQL Server.

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• Best practices for settings for Oracle database creation

  - by Gary

  When installing an Oracle Database, what non-default settings would you normally apply (or consider applying) ? I'm not after hardware dependent setting (eg memory allocation) or file locations, but more general items. Similarly anything that is a particular requirement for a specific application rather than generally applicable isn't really useful. Do you separate out code/API schemas (PL/SQL owners) from data schemes (table owners) ? Do you use default or non-default roles, and if the latter, do you password protect the role ? I'm also interested in whether there's any places where you do a REVOKE of a GRANT that is installed by default. That may be version dependent as 11g seems more locked down for its default install. These are ones I used in a recent setup. I'd like to know whether I missed anything or where you disagree (and why). Database Parameters Auditing (AUDIT_TRAIL to DB and AUDIT_SYS_OPERATIONS to YES) DB_BLOCK_CHECKSUM and DB_BLOCK_CHECKING (both to FULL) GLOBAL_NAMES to true OPEN_LINKS to 0 (did not expect them to be used in this environment) Character set - AL32UTF8 Profiles I created an amended password verify function that used the apex dictionary table (FLOWS_030000.wwv_flow_dictionary$) as an extra check to prevent simple passwords. Developer logins CREATE PROFILE profile_dev LIMIT FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS 8 PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME 32 PASSWORD_REUSE_TIME 366 PASSWORD_REUSE_MAX 12 PASSWORD_LOCK_TIME 6 PASSWORD_GRACE_TIME 8 PASSWORD_VERIFY_FUNCTION verify_function_11g SESSIONS_PER_USER unlimited CPU_PER_SESSION unlimited CPU_PER_CALL unlimited PRIVATE_SGA unlimited CONNECT_TIME 1080 IDLE_TIME 180 LOGICAL_READS_PER_SESSION unlimited LOGICAL_READS_PER_CALL unlimited; Application login CREATE PROFILE profile_app LIMIT FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS 3 PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME 999 PASSWORD_REUSE_TIME 999 PASSWORD_REUSE_MAX 1 PASSWORD_LOCK_TIME 999 PASSWORD_GRACE_TIME 999 PASSWORD_VERIFY_FUNCTION verify_function_11g SESSIONS_PER_USER unlimited CPU_PER_SESSION unlimited CPU_PER_CALL unlimited PRIVATE_SGA unlimited CONNECT_TIME unlimited IDLE_TIME unlimited LOGICAL_READS_PER_SESSION unlimited LOGICAL_READS_PER_CALL unlimited; Privileges for a standard schema owner account CREATE CLUSTER CREATE TYPE CREATE TABLE CREATE VIEW CREATE PROCEDURE CREATE JOB CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW CREATE SEQUENCE CREATE SYNONYM CREATE TRIGGER

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• Automatically Kill/Restart Process(es) When Memory is Critically Low

  - by nemesisfixx

  I have a Debian Wheezy VPS box where am running a couple of Django apps in production. Ideally, would have tried addressed my current memory footprint issues by optimizing the apps, adding more RAM or augmenting with Swap. But the problem is that I doubt there's much memory optimization I'd milk from optimizing the Django apps (the stack being open-source and robust), and adding RAM is a cost constraint for me (this is a remote VPS), also, the host doesn't offer options to use Swap! So, in the meantime (as I wait to secure more resources to afford more RAM), I wish to mitigate the scenarios where the server runs out memory so that I just have to request a VPS restart (as in, at that point, I can't even SSH into the box!). So, what I would love in a solution is the ability to detect when a process (or generally, total system memory usage) exceeds a certain critical amount (for now, example the FREE RAM falls to say 10%) - which I've noticed occurs after the VPS's been up for long, and when also traffic is suddenly much to some of the heavy apps (most are just staging apps anyway). So, I wish to be able to kill/restart the offending process(es) - most likely Apache. Which solution when done manually in these situations has restored sane memory usage levels - a hint that possibly one or more of the Django apps has a memory leak? In brief: Monitor overall system RAM usage When FREE RAM falls below a given critical threshold (say below 10%), kill/restart the offending process(es) - or simpler, if we assume from my current log analysis (using linux-dash) that Apache is often the offender, then kill/restart it. Rinse and repeat...

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• SpamAssassin bayesian score discrepancies

  - by CaptSaltyJack

  This makes my brain hurt. For some reason, SpamAssassin is giving high scores to certain emails, but when I test them on the command line, they get a low score. This one particular email has this in the header: X-Spam-Flag: YES X-Spam-Score: 8.521 X-Spam-Level: ******** X-Spam-Status: Yes, score=8.521 tagged_above=-9999 required=5 tests=[BAYES_99=3.5, BAYES_999=0.2, HTML_MESSAGE=0.001, NO_RECEIVED=-0.001, NO_RELAYS=-0.001, RAZOR2_CF_RANGE_51_100=0.5, RAZOR2_CF_RANGE_E8_51_100=1.886, RAZOR2_CHECK=0.922, URIBL_RHS_DOB=1.514] autolearn=no Yet when I dump the raw email into a file msg and run sudo su amavis -c 'spamassassin -t msg', I get this output: Content analysis details: (3.8 points, 5.0 required) pts rule name description ---- ---------------------- -------------------------------------------------- 1.5 URIBL_RHS_DOB Contains an URI of a new domain (Day Old Bread) [URIs: cliobeads.com] -1.0 ALL_TRUSTED Passed through trusted hosts only via SMTP 0.0 HTML_MESSAGE BODY: HTML included in message -0.0 BAYES_20 BODY: Bayes spam probability is 5 to 20% [score: 0.1855] 1.9 RAZOR2_CF_RANGE_E8_51_100 Razor2 gives engine 8 confidence level above 50% [cf: 100] 0.5 RAZOR2_CF_RANGE_51_100 Razor2 gives confidence level above 50% [cf: 100] 0.9 RAZOR2_CHECK Listed in Razor2 (http://razor.sf.net/) I'm really confused as to why when the email comes in, it gets a completely different score attached to it than when I run spamassassin -t. Is there some other way I should be testing emails? Also, my users have the ability to drag false positives into a folder called "False Positives," and every day a cron job fires off that runs this on every message in every user's folder: sa-learn --dbpath=/var/lib/amavis/.spamassassin --ham /tmp/*-*.eml >/dev/null I ran sudo locate bayes_toks and there's definitely only one bayes DB on the system, in /var/lib/amavis/.spamassassin. I'm clueless, any help would be great and may help restore my sanity!

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• How to migrate a running KVM (with full disk copy) to another node?

  - by klipz

  I'm doing tests on KVM, and I'd like to see if I can make a hot migration, I mean the virtual machine won't stop running during the migration (but a few seconds of freeze is ok). I use a small cluster for my test : kvm1, kvm2, and kvmnfs. kvm1 and kvm2 runs the virtual machines kvmnfs is a NFS server, and it's mounted on /KVM on both kvm1 and kvm2 To migrate a VM (only RAM in fact) from kvm1 to kvm2, I run the same kvm command on kvm2 (with -incoming tcp:0:4444) that on kvm1, then I use "migrate -d tcp:kvm2:4444" : It works great, since the VM file is common to both machines. Now, I wan't to make a full migration (RAM + disk) of a local VM file (no more NFS) of kvm1 to kvm2. I tried to create an empty file, with touch, on kvm2 and use the same kvm command line + the "-incoming ..."). Then on kvm1 I use "migrate -d tcp:kvm2:4444" : It copies everything, then... the VM fails (any I/O disk gives an I/O error) ! And my VM file on kvm2, the one I created with touch, as still a size of 0 bytes. What am I doing wrong ? What is the exact command to use on kvm2 ? And what is the command to launch, in the monitoring mode, on kvm1 ?

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• Finding cause of TCP retransmission within a LAN

  - by Surreal

  Hello denizens of Server Fault I have an irritating problem with a LAN of about 100 computers, 2 Windows domain servers, and 12 VoIP phones. Since their installation around a year ago, every week or so, we notice a VoIP phone resetting itself - occasionally in the middle of a call. Simultaneously there are often signs of temporary loss of connection on computers: freezes in explorer while accessing network shares, errors in our administration software due to loss of connection to the database server. I have been doing some Wireshark monitoring on the connection between the VoIP PBX and the rest of the network. Wireshark picks up a clump of retransmitted TCP packets at the times when we record phone restarts. The Wireshark log shows about 2 clusters of retransmissions a day ranging from 5 packets to hundreds. Those in each cluster are mainly between the PBX and some set of the VoIP phones, but not always the same set. Often retransmissions at the same time are to phones connected to the same switch, but sometimes retransmissions occur together to phones at opposite ends of the network. There are usually some coincident retransmissions in passing TCP traffic, for example between client machines and the file servers. The spikes in retransmissions and phone resets do not correlate well with when the network is heavily loaded. They seem to occur slightly more during the day, but most in the evening, when traffic should be decreasing. They occur reasonably often late at night when most computers are turned off and traffic should be lowest. Do you have any ideas that might help diagnose the cause of problems like this? One thing I have not yet tried, but should have, is updating the firmware of all the switches.

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• Postfix Whitelist before recipient restrictions

  - by GruffTech

  Alright. Some background. We have an anti-spam cluster trucking about 2-3 million emails per day, blocking somewhere in the range of 99% of spam email from our end users. The underlying SMTP server is Postfix 2.2.10. The "Frontline defense" before mail gets carted off to SpamAssassin/ClamAV/ ect ect, is attached below. ...basic config.... smtpd_recipient_restrictions = reject_unauth_destination, reject_rbl_client b.barracudacentral.org, reject_rbl_client cbl.abuseat.org, reject_rbl_client bl.mailspike.net, check_policy_service unix:postgrey/socket ...more basic config.... As you can see, standard RBL services from various companies, as well as a Postgrey service. The problem is, I have one client (out of thousands) who is very upset that we blocked an important email of theirs. It was sent through a russian freemailer who was currently blocked in two of our three RBL servers. I explained the situation to them, however they are insisting we do not block any of their emails. So i need a method of whitelisting ANY email that comes to domain.com, however i need it to take place before any of the recipient restrictions, they want no RBL or postgrey blocking at all. I've done a bit of research myself, http://www.howtoforge.com/how-to-whitelist-hosts-ip-addresses-in-postfix seemed to be a good guide at first, almost fixing my problem, But i want it to accept based on TO address, not originating server.

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• Problem with diacritics on psql 9.0 (PostgreSQL)

  - by Gaks

  I have two instances of PostgreSQL installed on my server: 8.3 and 9.0. There seams to be some problem with Polish diacritic characters (like óleaszzc) on postgresql 9.0 client - psql. When I connect to DB (either 8.3 or 9.0) with psql 8.3 - I can type all diacritics on the terminal without any problems: www:/tmp# sudo -u postgres /usr/lib/postgresql/8.3/bin/psql -q postgres=# ólscn However, when I connect to the same DBs with psql 9.0 client - I can't type diacritics on the terminal anymore: www:/tmp# sudo -u postgres /usr/lib/postgresql/8.3/bin/psql -q Here are some encoding settings: www:/tmp# sudo -u postgres /usr/lib/postgresql/9.0/bin/psql -q -c "show client_encoding" client_encoding ----------------- UTF8 (1 row) . www:/tmp# sudo -u postgres /usr/lib/postgresql/8.3/bin/psql -q -c "show client_encoding" client_encoding ----------------- UTF8 (1 row) . www:/tmp# sudo -u postgres /usr/lib/postgresql/9.0/bin/psql -q -l List of databases Name | Owner | Encoding | Collation | Ctype | Access privileges ---------------------+--------------+----------+-------------+-------------+----------------------- postgres | postgres | UTF8 | pl_PL.UTF-8 | pl_PL.UTF-8 | . www:/tmp# echo $LANG pl_PL.UTF-8 It looks like DB/cluster configuration doesn't matter - if psql 8.x on terminal works fine and psql 9.x does not. Any idea how to fix that?

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• Router failover not detecting outside interface link lost

  - by Matt

  Suppose I have two routers configured in master/slave configuration. They look something like this (addresses are not real ones) 123.123.123.10 <===> [eth0] Router 1 (10.1.1.2) [eth1] ===> +----------+ | 10.1.1.1 | ===> LAN 172.123.123.10 <===> [eth0] Router 2 (10.1.1.3) [eth1] ===> +----------+ The 10.1.1.1 is the default route for the Network (10.1.1.0). What's slightly different in this config to other's I've seen is that I don't have an external virtual IP. Also, the 10.1.1.1 addresses are in real life, public IP's (not private ones shown here). This is more of a router setup than a firewall setup so I'm not using NAT here. Now the issue that I'm having is that I can't see any way to configure UCARP or VRRP to monitor both eth0 & eth1 and fail over to the backup router should either of them go down. What I'm seeing is that if Router1 is the master and I unplug eth0 on router1, it doesn't fail over to router 2. However, it will if instead I unplug eth1 of router 1. In VRRP I see there is a cluster group, but it seems that for this to work you need to have virtual ip's or vrrp instances rather than actual interfaces assigned to it. I hope my explanation is clear. How do I get around this?

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• RabbitMQ message consumers stop consuming messages

  - by Bruno Thomas

  Hi server fault, Our team is in a spike sprint to choose between ActiveMQ or RabbitMQ. We made 2 little producer/consumer spikes sending an object message with an array of 16 strings, a timestamp, and 2 integers. The spikes are ok on our devs machines (messages are well consumed). Then came the benchs. We first noticed that somtimes, on our machines, when we were sending a lot of messages the consumer was sometimes hanging. It was there, but the messsages were accumulating in the queue. When we went on the bench plateform : cluster of 2 rabbitmq machines 4 cores/3.2Ghz, 4Gb RAM, load balanced by a VIP one to 6 consumers running on the rabbitmq machines, saving the messages in a mysql DB (same type of machine for the DB) 12 producers running on 12 AS machines (tomcat), attacked with jmeter running on another machine. The load is about 600 to 700 http request per second, on the servlets that produces the same load of RabbitMQ messages. We noticed that sometimes, consumers hang (well, they are not blocked, but they dont consume messages anymore). We can see that because each consumer save around 100 msg/sec in database, so when one is stopping consumming, the overall messages saved per seconds in DB fall down with the same ratio (if let say 3 consumers stop, we fall around 600 msg/sec to 300 msg/sec). During that time, the producers are ok, and still produce at the jmeter rate (around 600 msg/sec). The messages are in the queues and taken by the consumers still "alive". We load all the servlets with the producers first, then launch all the consumers one by one, checking if the connexions are ok, then run jmeter. We are sending messages to one direct exchange. All consumers are listening to one persistent queue bounded to the exchange. That point is major for our choice. Have you seen this with rabbitmq, do you have an idea of what is going on ? Thank you for your answers.

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• how to design pound -> varnish -> jboss for ha + loadbalancing

  - by andreash

  Hello, I'm planning a new infrastructure for our web application. We have two JBossAS5 servers, running in a cluster. Session state will be replicated via JBoss Cache. In front of that, there should be some cache, to speed up delivery of static elements. However, most of the traffic to our app will be via HTTPS. So far, I had been thinking of two Varnish caches in front of the JBossASs, each being configured for loadbalancing to the two JBossASs via round-robin. Since Varnish doesn't handle HTTPS, then there would need to be two pound proxies in front of the Varnishs, dealing with the HTTPS. The two pounds would be made high-available with Heartbeat/LinuxHA. The traffic to www.example.com would then be going through our firewall, from there to the virtual IP of the pounds, from there to the Varnishs, and from there to the JBossASs. Question 1: Does this make sense? Or is it overly complicated, and the same goal can be reached with simpler methods? Question 2: If my layout is fine, how do I configure the pound - Varnish step? Should I a) make the Varnish service high-available through Heartbeat/LinuxHA as well and direct traffic from pound to the virtual IP of the Varnishs, or should I rather b) Configure two independent Varnishs and use load-balancing in pound to address the different Varnishs? Thanks a lot for your insight! Andreas.

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• Problem posting multipart form data using Apache with mod_proxy to a mongrel instance

  - by Ryan E

  I am attempting to simulate my site's production environment as closely as I can on my local machine. This is a rails site that uses Apache w/ mod_proxy to forward requests to a mongrel cluster. On my Mac OSX Leopard machine, I have the default install of apache running and have configured a vhost to use mod_proxy to to forward requests to a local running mongrel instance on port 3000. <Proxy balancer://mongrel_cluster-development> BalancerMember http://127.0.0.1:3000 </Proxy> For the most part, this is working fine. I can browse my development site using the ServerName of the vhost I configured and can confirm that requests are being properly forwarded to the mongrel instance. However, there is a page on the site that has a multipart form that is used to upload an image to the server. When I post this form, there is a delay of about 5 minutes and the browser ultimately returns a Bad Request Your browser sent a request that this server could not understand. In the error log for my vhost: [Tue Sep 22 09:47:57 2009] [error] (70007)The timeout specified has expired: proxy: prefetch request body failed to 127.0.0.1:3000 (127.0.0.1) from ::1 () This same form works fine if I browse directly to the mongrel instance (http://127.0.0.1:3000). Anybody have any idea what the problem might be and how to fix it? If there is any important information that I neglected to include, post a comment, and I can add to this question. Note: Upon further investigation, this appears to be a problem specific to Safari. The form works fine in Firefox.

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• FreeBSD slow transfers - RFC 1323 scaling issue?

  - by Trey

  I think I may be having an issue with window scaling (RFC 1323) and am hoping that someone can enlighten me on what's going on. Server: FreeBSD 9, apache22, serving a static 100MB zip file. 192.168.18.30 Client: Mac OS X 10.6, Firefox 192.168.17.47 Network: Only a switch between them - the subnet is 192.168.16/22 (In this test, I also have dummynet filtering simulating an 80ms ping time on all IP traffic. I've seen nearly identical traces with a "real" setup, with real internet traffic/latency also) Questions: Does this look normal? Is packet #2 specifying a window size of 65535 and a scale of 512? Is packet #5 then shrinking the window size so it can use the 512 scale and still keep the overall calculated window size near 64K? Why is the window scale so high? Here are the first 6 packets from wireshark. For packets 5 and 6 I've included the details showing the window size and scaling factor being used for the data transfer. Code: No. Time Source Destination Protocol Length Info 108 6.699922 192.168.17.47 192.168.18.30 TCP 78 49190 http [SYN] Seq=0 Win=65535 Len=0 MSS=1460 WS=8 TSval=945617489 TSecr=0 SACK_PERM=1 115 6.781971 192.168.18.30 192.168.17.47 TCP 74 http 49190 [SYN, ACK] Seq=0 Ack=1 Win=65535 Len=0 MSS=1460 WS=512 SACK_PERM=1 TSval=2617517338 TSecr=945617489 116 6.782218 192.168.17.47 192.168.18.30 TCP 66 49190 http [ACK] Seq=1 Ack=1 Win=524280 Len=0 TSval=945617490 TSecr=2617517338 117 6.782220 192.168.17.47 192.168.18.30 HTTP 490 GET /utils/speedtest/large.file.zip HTTP/1.1 118 6.867070 192.168.18.30 192.168.17.47 TCP 375 [TCP segment of a reassembled PDU] Details: Transmission Control Protocol, Src Port: http (80), Dst Port: 49190 (49190), Seq: 1, Ack: 425, Len: 309 Source port: http (80) Destination port: 49190 (49190) [Stream index: 4] Sequence number: 1 (relative sequence number) [Next sequence number: 310 (relative sequence number)] Acknowledgement number: 425 (relative ack number) Header length: 32 bytes Flags: 0x018 (PSH, ACK) Window size value: 130 [Calculated window size: 66560] [Window size scaling factor: 512] Checksum: 0xd182 [validation disabled] Options: (12 bytes) No-Operation (NOP) No-Operation (NOP) Timestamps: TSval 2617517423, TSecr 945617490 [SEQ/ACK analysis] TCP segment data (309 bytes) Note: originally posted http://forums.freebsd.org/showthread.php?t=32552

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• What are "Excess Fragments" in defragmenting a hard drive?

  - by Andrew Swift

  I'm defragmenting my hard drive (XP SP3) with PerfectDisk 7.0, and it finds 816,659 excess fragments when I ask for an analysis. [update] Specifically, it shows that the 1TB disk is 14% fragmented with 19693 fragments and 816,659 excess fragments. About 20% of the disk is still free space. What does excess fragments refer to? What is the difference between fragments and excess fragments? I have had problems in the past where I defragmented a fragmented disk and many files were corrupted. It seemed as though "excess fragments" referred to orphan pieces, where the program couldn't find out where to put them. If that was true, then defragmenting a disk resulted in many incomplete files, and in fact I defragmented a disk full of MP3's and got a lot of corrupted files as a result. Instead, I started to simply format a separate disk and copy everything from one to the other. That way there were no orphan bits, and no file corruption. Does anybody know what "excess fragments" really are?

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• Value of Itanium over x86_64 for Oracle Deployment

  - by Antitribu

  We are looking at a new environment to run our Oracle Database running on SUSE (potentially migrating to RedHat). Our database is approximately 100GB and performs adequately on our current hardware (x86_64) with approximately 6GB of ram allocated to it. We are growing quickly however and will require more performance shortly. Given the cost of Oracle licenses we would like to maximize the value from each license by choosing the most appropriate CPU to run the software on. The questions are: Are there substantial benefits to looking at Itanium hardware, are there any drawbacks? Is there a point where Itanium starts to scale out better? What are the long term support options for Itanium? Given the dominance of x86 would it be safer long term to stick with x86? On average what would be the performance benefit of implementing an Oracle database on Itanium over x86_64? Is this an issue at all or will other factors (IO/RAM) cap out first? If anyone can point me towards some solid documentation on comparisons between the two platforms that provides good case analysis of when to choose which I'm more than happy to accept that as an answer.

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• Architecture for highly available MySQL with automatic failover in physically diverse locations

  - by Warner

  I have been researching high availability (HA) solutions for MySQL between data centers. For servers located in the same physical environment, I have preferred dual master with heartbeat (floating VIP) using an active passive approach. The heartbeat is over both a serial connection as well as an ethernet connection. Ultimately, my goal is to maintain this same level of availability but between data centers. I want to dynamically failover between both data centers without manual intervention and still maintain data integrity. There would be BGP on top. Web clusters in both locations, which would have the potential to route to the databases between both sides. If the Internet connection went down on site 1, clients would route through site 2, to the Web cluster, and then to the database in site 1 if the link between both sites is still up. With this scenario, due to the lack of physical link (serial) there is a more likely chance of split brain. If the WAN went down between both sites, the VIP would end up on both sites, where a variety of unpleasant scenarios could introduce desync. Another potential issue I see is difficulty scaling this infrastructure to a third data center in the future. The network layer is not a focus. The architecture is flexible at this stage. Again, my focus is a solution for maintaining data integrity as well as automatic failover with the MySQL databases. I would likely design the rest around this. Can you recommend a proven solution for MySQL HA between two physically diverse sites? Thank you for taking the time to read this. I look forward to reading your recommendations.

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