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• External usb 3.0 hard drive is not recognised when plugged into usb 3 port (ubuntu natty 64 bit).

  - by kimangroo

  I have an Iomega Prestige Portable External Hard Drive 1TB USB 3.0. It works fine on windows 7 as a usb 3.0 drive. It isn't detected on ubuntu natty 64bit, 2.6.38-8-generic. fdisk -l cannot see it at all: Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x1bed746b Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 1689 13560832 27 Unknown /dev/sda2 * 1689 1702 102400 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda3 1702 19978 146805760 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda4 19978 60802 327914497 5 Extended /dev/sda5 25555 60802 283120640 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda6 19978 23909 31571968 83 Linux /dev/sda7 23909 25555 13218816 82 Linux swap / Solaris Partition table entries are not in disk order lsusb can see it: Bus 003 Device 003: ID 059b:0070 Iomega Corp. Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub Bus 002 Device 004: ID 05fe:0011 Chic Technology Corp. Browser Mouse Bus 002 Device 003: ID 0a12:0001 Cambridge Silicon Radio, Ltd Bluetooth Dongle (HCI mode) Bus 002 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 001 Device 005: ID 0489:e00f Foxconn / Hon Hai Bus 001 Device 004: ID 0c45:64b5 Microdia Bus 001 Device 003: ID 08ff:168f AuthenTec, Inc. Bus 001 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub And dmesg | grep -i xhci (I may have unplugged the drive and plugged it back in again after booting): [ 1.659060] pci 0000:04:00.0: xHCI HW did not halt within 2000 usec status = 0x0 [ 11.484971] xhci_hcd 0000:04:00.0: PCI INT A -> GSI 18 (level, low) -> IRQ 18 [ 11.484997] xhci_hcd 0000:04:00.0: setting latency timer to 64 [ 11.485002] xhci_hcd 0000:04:00.0: xHCI Host Controller [ 11.485064] xhci_hcd 0000:04:00.0: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 3 [ 11.636149] xhci_hcd 0000:04:00.0: irq 18, io mem 0xc5400000 [ 11.636241] xhci_hcd 0000:04:00.0: irq 43 for MSI/MSI-X [ 11.636246] xhci_hcd 0000:04:00.0: irq 44 for MSI/MSI-X [ 11.636251] xhci_hcd 0000:04:00.0: irq 45 for MSI/MSI-X [ 11.636256] xhci_hcd 0000:04:00.0: irq 46 for MSI/MSI-X [ 11.636261] xhci_hcd 0000:04:00.0: irq 47 for MSI/MSI-X [ 11.639654] xHCI xhci_add_endpoint called for root hub [ 11.639655] xHCI xhci_check_bandwidth called for root hub [ 11.956366] usb 3-1: new SuperSpeed USB device using xhci_hcd and address 2 [ 12.001073] xhci_hcd 0000:04:00.0: WARN: short transfer on control ep [ 12.007059] xhci_hcd 0000:04:00.0: WARN: short transfer on control ep [ 12.012932] xhci_hcd 0000:04:00.0: WARN: short transfer on control ep [ 12.018922] xhci_hcd 0000:04:00.0: WARN: short transfer on control ep [ 12.049139] xhci_hcd 0000:04:00.0: WARN: short transfer on control ep [ 12.056754] xhci_hcd 0000:04:00.0: WARN: short transfer on control ep [ 12.131607] xhci_hcd 0000:04:00.0: WARN no SS endpoint bMaxBurst [ 12.179717] xhci_hcd 0000:04:00.0: WARN: short transfer on control ep [ 12.686876] xhci_hcd 0000:04:00.0: WARN: babble error on endpoint [ 12.687058] xhci_hcd 0000:04:00.0: WARN Set TR Deq Ptr cmd invalid because of stream ID configuration [ 12.687152] xhci_hcd 0000:04:00.0: ERROR Transfer event for disabled endpoint or incorrect stream ring [ 43.330737] usb 3-1: reset SuperSpeed USB device using xhci_hcd and address 2 [ 43.422579] xhci_hcd 0000:04:00.0: WARN: short transfer on control ep [ 43.422658] xhci_hcd 0000:04:00.0: xHCI xhci_drop_endpoint called with disabled ep ffff88014669af00 [ 43.422665] xhci_hcd 0000:04:00.0: xHCI xhci_drop_endpoint called with disabled ep ffff88014669af40 [ 43.422671] xhci_hcd 0000:04:00.0: xHCI xhci_drop_endpoint called with disabled ep ffff88014669af80 [ 43.422677] xhci_hcd 0000:04:00.0: xHCI xhci_drop_endpoint called with disabled ep ffff88014669afc0 [ 43.531159] xhci_hcd 0000:04:00.0: WARN no SS endpoint bMaxBurst [ 125.160248] xhci_hcd 0000:04:00.0: WARN no SS endpoint bMaxBurst [ 903.766466] usb 3-1: new SuperSpeed USB device using xhci_hcd and address 3 [ 903.807789] xhci_hcd 0000:04:00.0: WARN: short transfer on control ep [ 903.813530] xhci_hcd 0000:04:00.0: WARN: short transfer on control ep [ 903.819400] xhci_hcd 0000:04:00.0: WARN: short transfer on control ep [ 903.825104] xhci_hcd 0000:04:00.0: WARN: short transfer on control ep [ 903.855067] xhci_hcd 0000:04:00.0: WARN: short transfer on control ep [ 903.862314] xhci_hcd 0000:04:00.0: WARN: short transfer on control ep [ 903.862597] xhci_hcd 0000:04:00.0: WARN no SS endpoint bMaxBurst [ 903.913211] xhci_hcd 0000:04:00.0: WARN: short transfer on control ep [ 904.424416] xhci_hcd 0000:04:00.0: WARN: babble error on endpoint [ 904.424599] xhci_hcd 0000:04:00.0: WARN Set TR Deq Ptr cmd invalid because of stream ID configuration [ 904.424700] xhci_hcd 0000:04:00.0: ERROR Transfer event for disabled endpoint or incorrect stream ring [ 935.139021] usb 3-1: reset SuperSpeed USB device using xhci_hcd and address 3 [ 935.226075] xhci_hcd 0000:04:00.0: WARN: short transfer on control ep [ 935.226140] xhci_hcd 0000:04:00.0: xHCI xhci_drop_endpoint called with disabled ep ffff880148186b00 [ 935.226148] xhci_hcd 0000:04:00.0: xHCI xhci_drop_endpoint called with disabled ep ffff880148186b40 [ 935.226153] xhci_hcd 0000:04:00.0: xHCI xhci_drop_endpoint called with disabled ep ffff880148186b80 [ 935.226159] xhci_hcd 0000:04:00.0: xHCI xhci_drop_endpoint called with disabled ep ffff880148186bc0 [ 935.343339] xhci_hcd 0000:04:00.0: WARN no SS endpoint bMaxBurst I thought it might be that the firmware wasn't compatible with linux or something, but when booting a live image of partedmagic, (2.6.38.4-pmagic), the drive was detected fine, I could mount it and got usb 3.0 speeds (at least they double the speeds I got from plugging same drive in usb 2 ports). dmesg in partedmagic did say something about no SuperSpeed endpoint which was an error I saw in a previous dmesg of ubuntu: Jun 27 15:49:02 (none) user.info kernel: [ 2.978743] xhci_hcd 0000:04:00.0: PCI INT A -> GSI 18 (level, low) -> IRQ 18 Jun 27 15:49:02 (none) user.debug kernel: [ 2.978771] xhci_hcd 0000:04:00.0: setting latency timer to 64 Jun 27 15:49:02 (none) user.info kernel: [ 2.978781] xhci_hcd 0000:04:00.0: xHCI Host Controller Jun 27 15:49:02 (none) user.info kernel: [ 2.978856] xhci_hcd 0000:04:00.0: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 3 Jun 27 15:49:02 (none) user.info kernel: [ 3.089458] xhci_hcd 0000:04:00.0: irq 18, io mem 0xc5400000 Jun 27 15:49:02 (none) user.debug kernel: [ 3.089541] xhci_hcd 0000:04:00.0: irq 42 for MSI/MSI-X Jun 27 15:49:02 (none) user.debug kernel: [ 3.089544] xhci_hcd 0000:04:00.0: irq 43 for MSI/MSI-X Jun 27 15:49:02 (none) user.debug kernel: [ 3.089546] xhci_hcd 0000:04:00.0: irq 44 for MSI/MSI-X Jun 27 15:49:02 (none) user.debug kernel: [ 3.089548] xhci_hcd 0000:04:00.0: irq 45 for MSI/MSI-X Jun 27 15:49:02 (none) user.debug kernel: [ 3.089550] xhci_hcd 0000:04:00.0: irq 46 for MSI/MSI-X Jun 27 15:49:02 (none) user.warn kernel: [ 3.092857] usb usb3: No SuperSpeed endpoint companion for config 1 interface 0 altsetting 0 ep 129: using minimum values Jun 27 15:49:02 (none) user.info kernel: [ 3.092864] usb usb3: New USB device found, idVendor=1d6b, idProduct=0003 Jun 27 15:49:02 (none) user.info kernel: [ 3.092866] usb usb3: New USB device strings: Mfr=3, Product=2, SerialNumber=1 Jun 27 15:49:02 (none) user.info kernel: [ 3.092867] usb usb3: Product: xHCI Host Controller Jun 27 15:49:02 (none) user.info kernel: [ 3.092869] usb usb3: Manufacturer: Linux 2.6.38.4-pmagic xhci_hcd Jun 27 15:49:02 (none) user.info kernel: [ 3.092870] usb usb3: SerialNumber: 0000:04:00.0 Jun 27 15:49:02 (none) user.debug kernel: [ 3.092961] xHCI xhci_add_endpoint called for root hub Jun 27 15:49:02 (none) user.debug kernel: [ 3.092963] xHCI xhci_check_bandwidth called for root hub Well I have no idea what's going wrong, and I haven't had much luck from google and the forums so far. A number of unanswered threads with people with similar error messages and problems only. Hopefully someone here can help or point me in the right direction?!

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• New ways for backup, recovery and restore of Essbase Block Storage databases – part 2 by Bernhard Kinkel

  - by Alexandra Georgescu

  After discussing in the first part of this article new options in Essbase for the general backup and restore, this second part will deal with the also rather new feature of Transaction Logging and Replay, which was released in version 11.1, enhancing existing restore options. Tip: Transaction logging and replay cannot be used for aggregate storage databases. Please refer to the Oracle Hyperion Enterprise Performance Management System Backup and Recovery Guide (rel. 11.1.2.1). Even if backups are done on a regular, frequent base, subsequent data entries, loads or calculations would not be reflected in a restored database. Activating Transaction Logging could fill that gap and provides you with an option to capture these post-backup transactions for later replay. The following table shows, which are the transactions that could be logged when Transaction Logging is enabled: In order to activate its usage, corresponding statements could be added to the Essbase.cfg file, using the TRANSACTIONLOGLOCATION command. The complete syntax reads: TRANSACTIONLOGLOCATION [ appname [ dbname]] LOGLOCATION NATIVE ?ENABLE | DISABLE Where appname and dbname are optional parameters giving you the chance in combination with the ENABLE or DISABLE command to set Transaction Logging for certain applications or databases or to exclude them from being logged. If only an appname is specified, the setting applies to all databases in that particular application. If appname and dbname are not defined, all applications and databases would be covered. LOGLOCATION specifies the directory to which the log is written, e.g. D:\temp\trlogs. This directory must already exist or needs to be created before using it for log information being written to it. NATIVE is a reserved keyword that shouldn’t be changed. The following example shows how to first enable logging on a more general level for all databases in the application Sample, followed by a disabling statement on a more granular level for only the Basic database in application Sample, hence excluding it from being logged. TRANSACTIONLOGLOCATION Sample Hyperion/trlog/Sample NATIVE ENABLE TRANSACTIONLOGLOCATION Sample Basic Hyperion/trlog/Sample NATIVE DISABLE Tip: After applying changes to the configuration file you must restart the Essbase server in order to initialize the settings. A maybe required replay of logged transactions after restoring a database can be done only by administrators. The following options are available: In Administration Services selecting Replay Transactions on the right-click menu on the database: Here you can select to replay transactions logged after the last replay request was originally executed or after the time of the last restored backup (whichever occurred later) or transactions logged after a specified time. Or you can replay transactions selectively based on a range of sequence IDs, which can be accessed using Display Transactions on the right-click menu on the database: These sequence ID s (0, 1, 2 … 7 in the screenshot below) are assigned to each logged transaction, indicating the order in which the transaction was performed. This helps to ensure the integrity of the restored data after a replay, as the replay of transactions is enforced in the same order in which they were originally performed. So for example a calculation originally run after a data load cannot be replayed before having replayed the data load first. After a transaction is replayed, you can replay only transactions with a greater sequence ID. For example, replaying the transaction with sequence ID of 4 includes all preceding transactions, while afterwards you can only replay transactions with a sequence ID of 5 or greater. Tip: After restoring a database from a backup you should always completely replay all logged transactions, which were executed after the backup, before executing new transactions. But not only the transaction information itself needs to be logged and stored in a specified directory as described above. During transaction logging, Essbase also creates archive copies of data load and rules files in the following default directory: ARBORPATH/app/appname/dbname/Replay These files are then used during the replay of a logged transaction. By default Essbase archives only data load and rules files for client data loads, but in order to specify the type of data to archive when logging transactions you can use the command TRANSACTIONLOGDATALOADARCHIVE as an additional entry in the Essbase.cfg file. The syntax for the statement is: TRANSACTIONLOGDATALOADARCHIVE [appname [dbname]] [OPTION] While to the [appname [dbname]] argument the same applies like before for TRANSACTIONLOGLOCATION, the valid values for the OPTION argument are the following: Make the respective setting for which files copies should be logged, considering from which location transactions are usually taking place. Selecting the NONE option prevents Essbase from saving the respective files and the data load cannot be replayed. In this case you must first manually load the data before you can replay the transactions. Tip: If you use server or SQL data and the data and rules files are not archived in the Replay directory (for example, you did not use the SERVER or SERVER_CLIENT option), Essbase replays the data that is actually in the data source at the moment of the replay, which may or may not be the data that was originally loaded. You can find more detailed information in the following documents: Oracle Hyperion Enterprise Performance Management System Backup and Recovery Guide (rel. 11.1.2.1) Oracle Essbase Online Documentation (rel. 11.1.2.1)) Enterprise Performance Management System Documentation (including previous releases) Or on the Oracle Technology Network. If you are also interested in other new features and smart enhancements in Essbase or Hyperion Planning stay tuned for coming articles or check our training courses and web presentations. You can find general information about offerings for the Essbase and Planning curriculum or other Oracle-Hyperion products here; (please make sure to select your country/region at the top of this page) or in the OU Learning paths section, where Planning, Essbase and other Hyperion products can be found under the Fusion Middleware heading (again, please select the right country/region). Or drop me a note directly: [email protected]. About the Author: Bernhard Kinkel started working for Hyperion Solutions as a Presales Consultant and Consultant in 1998 and moved to Hyperion Education Services in 1999. He joined Oracle University in 2007 where he is a Principal Education Consultant. Based on these many years of working with Hyperion products he has detailed product knowledge across several versions. He delivers both classroom and live virtual courses. His areas of expertise are Oracle/Hyperion Essbase, Oracle Hyperion Planning and Hyperion Web Analysis. Disclaimer: All methods and features mentioned in this article must be considered and tested carefully related to your environment, processes and requirements. As guidance please always refer to the available software documentation. This article does not recommend or advise any explicit action or change, hence the author cannot be held responsible for any consequences due to the use or implementation of these features.

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• RiverTrail - JavaScript GPPGU Data Parallelism

  - by JoshReuben

  Where is WebCL ? The Khronos WebCL working group is working on a JavaScript binding to the OpenCL standard so that HTML 5 compliant browsers can host GPGPU web apps – e.g. for image processing or physics for WebGL games - http://www.khronos.org/webcl/ . While Nokia & Samsung have some protype WebCL APIs, Intel has one-upped them with a higher level of abstraction: RiverTrail. Intro to RiverTrail Intel Labs JavaScript RiverTrail provides GPU accelerated SIMD data-parallelism in web applications via a familiar JavaScript programming paradigm. It extends JavaScript with simple deterministic data-parallel constructs that are translated at runtime into a low-level hardware abstraction layer. With its high-level JS API, programmers do not have to learn a new language or explicitly manage threads, orchestrate shared data synchronization or scheduling. It has been proposed as a draft specification to ECMA a (known as ECMA strawman). RiverTrail runs in all popular browsers (except I.E. of course). To get started, download a prebuilt version https://github.com/downloads/RiverTrail/RiverTrail/rivertrail-0.17.xpi , install Intel's OpenCL SDK http://www.intel.com/go/opencl and try out the interactive River Trail shell http://rivertrail.github.com/interactive For a video overview, see  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jueg6zB5XaM . ParallelArray the ParallelArray type is the central component of this API & is a JS object that contains ordered collections of scalars – i.e. multidimensional uniform arrays. A shape property describes the dimensionality and size– e.g. a 2D RGBA image will have shape [height, width, 4]. ParallelArrays are immutable & fluent – they are manipulated by invoking methods on them which produce new ParallelArray objects. ParallelArray supports several constructors over arrays, functions & even the canvas. // Create an empty Parallel Array var pa = new ParallelArray(); // pa0 = <>   // Create a ParallelArray out of a nested JS array. // Note that the inner arrays are also ParallelArrays var pa = new ParallelArray([ [0,1], [2,3], [4,5] ]); // pa1 = <<0,1>, <2,3>, <4.5>>   // Create a two-dimensional ParallelArray with shape [3, 2] using the comprehension constructor var pa = new ParallelArray([3, 2], function(iv){return iv[0] * iv[1];}); // pa7 = <<0,0>, <0,1>, <0,2>>   // Create a ParallelArray from canvas.  This creates a PA with shape [w, h, 4], var pa = new ParallelArray(canvas); // pa8 = CanvasPixelArray   ParallelArray exposes fluent API functions that take an elemental JS function for data manipulation: map, combine, scan, filter, and scatter that return a new ParallelArray. Other functions are scalar - reduce  returns a scalar value & get returns the value located at a given index. The onus is on the developer to ensure that the elemental function does not defeat data parallelization optimization (avoid global var manipulation, recursion). For reduce & scan, order is not guaranteed - the onus is on the dev to provide an elemental function that is commutative and associative so that scan will be deterministic – E.g. Sum is associative, but Avg is not. map Applies a provided elemental function to each element of the source array and stores the result in the corresponding position in the result array. The map method is shape preserving & index free - can not inspect neighboring values. // Adding one to each element. var source = new ParallelArray([1,2,3,4,5]); var plusOne = source.map(function inc(v) {     return v+1; }); //<2,3,4,5,6> combine Combine is similar to map, except an index is provided. This allows elemental functions to access elements from the source array relative to the one at the current index position. While the map method operates on the outermost dimension only, combine, can choose how deep to traverse - it provides a depth argument to specify the number of dimensions it iterates over. The elemental function of combine accesses the source array & the current index within it - element is computed by calling the get method of the source ParallelArray object with index i as argument. It requires more code but is more expressive. var source = new ParallelArray([1,2,3,4,5]); var plusOne = source.combine(function inc(i) { return this.get(i)+1; }); reduce reduces the elements from an array to a single scalar result – e.g. Sum. // Calculate the sum of the elements var source = new ParallelArray([1,2,3,4,5]); var sum = source.reduce(function plus(a,b) { return a+b; }); scan Like reduce, but stores the intermediate results – return a ParallelArray whose ith elements is the results of using the elemental function to reduce the elements between 0 and I in the original ParallelArray. // do a partial sum var source = new ParallelArray([1,2,3,4,5]); var psum = source.scan(function plus(a,b) { return a+b; }); //<1, 3, 6, 10, 15> scatter a reordering function - specify for a certain source index where it should be stored in the result array. An optional conflict function can prevent an exception if two source values are assigned the same position of the result: var source = new ParallelArray([1,2,3,4,5]); var reorder = source.scatter([4,0,3,1,2]); // <2, 4, 5, 3, 1> // if there is a conflict use the max. use 33 as a default value. var reorder = source.scatter([4,0,3,4,2], 33, function max(a, b) {return a>b?a:b; }); //<2, 33, 5, 3, 4> filter // filter out values that are not even var source = new ParallelArray([1,2,3,4,5]); var even = source.filter(function even(iv) { return (this.get(iv) % 2) == 0; }); // <2,4> Flatten used to collapse the outer dimensions of an array into a single dimension. pa = new ParallelArray([ [1,2], [3,4] ]); // <<1,2>,<3,4>> pa.flatten(); // <1,2,3,4> Partition used to restore the original shape of the array. var pa = new ParallelArray([1,2,3,4]); // <1,2,3,4> pa.partition(2); // <<1,2>,<3,4>> Get return value found at the indices or undefined if no such value exists. var pa = new ParallelArray([0,1,2,3,4], [10,11,12,13,14], [20,21,22,23,24]) pa.get([1,1]); // 11 pa.get([1]); // <10,11,12,13,14>

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• Exception Handling And Other Contentious Political Topics

  - by Justin Jones

  So about three years ago, around the time of my last blog post, I promised a friend I would write this post. Keeping promises is a good thing, and this is my first step towards easing back into regular blogging. I fully expect him to return from Pennsylvania to buy me a beer over this. However, it’s been an… ahem… eventful three years or so, and blogging, unfortunately, got pushed to the back burner on my priority list, along with a few other career minded activities. Now that the personal drama of the past three years is more or less resolved, it’s time to put a few things back on the front burner. What I consider to be proper exception handling practices is relatively well known these days. There are plenty of blog posts out there already on this topic which more or less echo my opinions on this topic. I’ll try to include a few links at the bottom of the post. Several years ago I had an argument with a co-worker who posited that exceptions should be caught at every level and logged. This might seem like sanity on the surface, but the resulting error log looked something like this: Error: System.SomeException Followed by small stack trace. Error: System.SomeException Followed by slightly bigger stack trace. Error: System.SomeException Followed by slightly bigger stack trace. Error: System.SomeException Followed by slightly bigger stack trace. Error: System.SomeException Followed by slightly bigger stack trace. Error: System.SomeException Followed by slightly bigger stack trace. Error: System.SomeException Followed by slightly bigger stack trace. Error: System.SomeException Followed by slightly bigger stack trace.   These were all the same exception. The problem with this approach is that the error log, if you run any kind of analytics on in, becomes skewed depending on how far up the stack trace your exception was thrown. To mitigate this problem, we came up with the concept of the “PreLoggedException”. Basically, we would log the exception at the very top level and subsequently throw the exception back up the stack encapsulated in this pre-logged type, which our logging system knew to ignore. Now the error log looked like this: Error: System.SomeException Followed by small stack trace. Much cleaner, right? Well, there’s still a problem. When your exception happens in production and you go about trying to figure out what happened, you’ve lost more or less all context for where and how this exception was thrown, because all you really know is what method it was thrown in, but really nothing about who was calling the method or why. What gives you this clue is the entire stack trace, which we’re losing here. I believe that was further mitigated by having the logging system pull a system stack trace and add it to the log entry, but what you’re actually getting is the stack for how you got to the logging code. You’re still losing context about the actual error. Not to mention you’re executing a whole slew of catch blocks which are sloooooooowwwww……… In other words, we started with a bad idea and kept band-aiding it until it didn’t suck quite so bad. When I argued for not catching exceptions at every level but rather catching them following a certain set of rules, my co-worker warned me “do yourself a favor, never express that view in any future interviews.” I suppose this is my ultimate dismissal of that advice, but I’m not too worried. My approach for exception handling follows three basic rules: Only catch an exception if 1. You can do something about it. 2. You can add useful information to it. 3. You’re at an application boundary. Here’s what that means: 1. Only catch an exception if you can do something about it. We’ll start with a trivial example of a login system that uses a file. Please, never actually do this in production code, it’s just concocted example. So if our code goes to open a file and the file isn’t there, we get a FileNotFound exception. If the calling code doesn’t know what to do with this, it should bubble up. However, if we know how to create the file from scratch we can create the file and continue on our merry way. When you run into situations like this though, What should really run through your head is “How can I avoid handling an exception at all?” In this case, it’s a trivial matter to simply check for the existence of the file before trying to open it. If we detect that the file isn’t there, we can accomplish the same thing without having to handle in in a catch block. 2. Only catch an exception if you can do something about it. Continuing with the poorly thought out file based login system we contrived in part 1, if the code calls a Login(…) method and the FileNotFound exception is thrown higher up the stack, the code that calls Login must account for a FileNotFound exception. This is kind of counterintuitive because the calling code should not need to know the internals of the Login method, and the data file is an implementation detail. What makes more sense, assuming that we didn’t implement any of the good advice from step 1, is for Login to catch the FileNotFound exception and wrap it in a new exception. For argument’s sake we’ll say LoginSystemFailureException. (Sorry, couldn’t think of anything better at the moment.) This gives us two stack traces, preserving the original stack trace in the inner exception, and also is much more informative to the calling code. 3. Only catch an exception if you’re at an application boundary. At some point we have to catch all the exceptions, even the ones we don’t know what to do with. WinForms, ASP.Net, and most other UI technologies have some kind of built in mechanism for catching unhandled exceptions without fatally terminating the application. It’s still a good idea to somehow gracefully exit the application in this case if possible though, because you can no longer be sure what state your application is in, but nothing annoys a user more than an application just exploding. These unhandled exceptions need to be logged, and this is a good place to catch them. Ideally you never want this option to be exercised, but code as though it will be. When you log these exceptions, give them a “Fatal” status (e.g. Log4Net) and make sure these bugs get handled in your next release. That’s it in a nutshell. If you do it right each exception will only get logged once and with the largest stack trace possible which will make those 2am emergency severity 1 debugging sessions much shorter and less frustrating. Here’s a few people who also have interesting things to say on this topic:  http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ericlippert/archive/2008/09/10/vexing-exceptions.aspx http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/9538/Exception-Handling-Best-Practices-in-NET I know there’s more but I can’t find them at the moment.

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• Recursion in the form of a Recursive Func&lt;T, T&gt;

  - by ToStringTheory

  I gotta admit, I am kind of surprised that I didn’t realize I could do this sooner.  I recently had a problem which required a recursive function call to come up with the answer.  After some time messing around with a recursive method, and creating an API that I was not happy with, I was able to create an API that I enjoy, and seems intuitive. Introduction To bring it to a simple example, consider the summation to n: A mathematically identical formula is: In a .NET function, this can be represented by a function: Func<int, int> summation = x => x*(x+1)/2 Calling summation with an input integer will yield the summation to that number: var sum10 = summation(4); //sum10 would be equal to 10 But what if I wanted to get a second level summation…  First some to n, and then use that argument as the input to the same function, to find the second level summation: So as an easy example, calculate the summation to 3, which yields 6.  Then calculate the summation to 6 which yields 21. Represented as a mathematical formula - So what if I wanted to represent this as .NET functions.  I can always do: //using the summation formula from above var sum3 = summation(3); //sets sum3 to 6 var sum3_2 = summation(sum3); //sets sum3 to 21 I could always create a while loop to perform the calculations too: Func<int, int> summation = x => x*(x+1)/2; //for the interests of a smaller example, using shorthand int sumResultTo = 3; int level = 2; while(level-- > 0) { sumResultTo = summation(sumResultTo); } //sumResultTo is equal to 21 now. Or express it as a for-loop, method calls, etc…  I really didn’t like any of the options that I tried.  Then it dawned on me – since I was using a Func<T, T> anyways, why not use the Func’s output from one call as the input as another directly. Some Code So, I decided that I wanted a recursion class.  Something that I would be generic and reusable in case I ever wanted to do something like this again. It is limited to only the Func<T1, T2> level of Func, and T1 must be the same as T2. The first thing in this class is a private field for the function: private readonly Func<T, T> _functionToRecurse; So, I since I want the function to be unchangeable, I have defined it as readonly.  Therefore my constructor looks like: public Recursion(Func<T, T> functionToRecurse) { if (functionToRecurse == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("functionToRecurse", "The function to recurse can not be null"); } _functionToRecurse = functionToRecurse; } Simple enough.  If you have any questions, feel free to post them in the comments, and I will be sure to answer them. Next, I want enough. If be able to get the result of a function dependent on how many levels of recursion: private Func<T, T> GetXLevel(int level) { if (level < 1) { throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("level", level, "The level of recursion must be greater than 0"); } if (level == 1) return _functionToRecurse; return _GetXLevel(level - 1, _functionToRecurse); } So, if you pass in 1 for the level, you get just the Func<T,T> back.  If you say that you want to go deeper down the rabbit hole, it calls a method which accepts the level it is at, and the function which it needs to use to recurse further: private Func<T, T> _GetXLevel(int level, Func<T, T> prevFunc) { if (level == 1) return y => prevFunc(_functionToRecurse(y)); return _GetXLevel(level - 1, y => prevFunc(_functionToRecurse(y))); } That is really all that is needed for this class. If I exposed the GetXLevel function publicly, I could use that to get the function for a level, and pass in the argument..  But I wanted something better.  So, I used the ‘this’ array operator for the class: public Func<T,T> this[int level] { get { if (level < 1) { throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("level", level, "The level of recursion must be greater than 0"); } return this.GetXLevel(level); } } So, using the same example above of finding the second recursion of the summation of 3: var summator = new Recursion<int>(x => (x * (x + 1)) / 2); var sum_3_level2 = summator[2](3); //yields 21 You can even find just store the delegate to the second level summation, and use it multiple times: var summator = new Recursion<int>(x => (x * (x + 1)) / 2); var sum_level2 = summator[2]; var sum_3_level2 = sum_level2(3); //yields 21 var sum_4_level2 = sum_level2(4); //yields 55 var sum_5_level2 = sum_level2(5); //yields 120 Full Code Don’t think I was just going to hold off on the full file together and make you do the hard work…  Copy this into a new class file: public class Recursion<T> { private readonly Func<T, T> _functionToRecurse; public Recursion(Func<T, T> functionToRecurse) { if (functionToRecurse == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("functionToRecurse", "The function to recurse can not be null"); } _functionToRecurse = functionToRecurse; } public Func<T,T> this[int level] { get { if (level < 1) { throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("level", level, "The level of recursion must be greater than 0"); } return this.GetXLevel(level); } } private Func<T, T> GetXLevel(int level) { if (level < 1) { throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("level", level, "The level of recursion must be greater than 0"); } if (level == 1) return _functionToRecurse; return _GetXLevel(level - 1, _functionToRecurse); } private Func<T, T> _GetXLevel(int level, Func<T, T> prevFunc) { if (level == 1) return y => prevFunc(_functionToRecurse(y)); return _GetXLevel(level - 1, y => prevFunc(_functionToRecurse(y))); } } Conclusion The great thing about this class, is that it can be used with any function with same input/output parameters.  I strived to find an implementation that I found clean and useful, and I finally settled on this.  If you have feedback – good or bad, I would love to hear it!

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• Hosting and consuming WCF services without configuration files

  - by martinsj

  In this post, I'll demonstrate how to configure both the host and the client in code without the need for configuring services i the <system.serviceModel> section of the config-file. In fact, you don't need a  <system.serviceModel> section at all. What you'll do need (and want) sometimes, is the Uri of the service in the configuration file. Configuring the Uri of the the service is actually only needed for the client or when self-hosting, not when hosting in IIS. So, exactly What do we need to configure? The binding type and the binding constraints The metadata behavior Debug behavior You can of course configure even more, and even more if you want to, WCF is after all the king of configuration… As an example I'll be hosting and consuming a service that removes most of the default constraints for WCF-services, using a BasicHttpBinding. Of course, in regards to security, it is probably better to have some constraints on the server, but this is only a demonstration. The ServerConfig class in the code beneath is a static helper class that will be used in the examples. In this post, I’ll be using this helper-class for all configuration, for both the server and the client. In WCF, the  client and the server have both their own WCF-configuration. With this piece of code, they will be sharing the same configuration. 1: public static class ServiceConfig 2: { 3: public static Binding DefaultBinding 4: { 5: get 6: { 7: var binding = new BasicHttpBinding(); 8: Configure(binding); 9: return binding; 10: } 11: } 12:  13: public static void Configure(HttpBindingBase binding) 14: { 15: if (binding == null) 16: { 17: throw new ArgumentException("Argument 'binding' cannot be null. Cannot configure binding."); 18: } 19:  20: binding.SendTimeout = new TimeSpan(0, 0, 30, 0); // 30 minute timeout 21: binding.MaxBufferSize = Int32.MaxValue; 22: binding.MaxBufferPoolSize = 2147483647; 23: binding.MaxReceivedMessageSize = Int32.MaxValue; 24: binding.ReaderQuotas.MaxArrayLength = Int32.MaxValue; 25: binding.ReaderQuotas.MaxBytesPerRead = Int32.MaxValue; 26: binding.ReaderQuotas.MaxDepth = Int32.MaxValue; 27: binding.ReaderQuotas.MaxNameTableCharCount = Int32.MaxValue; 28: binding.ReaderQuotas.MaxStringContentLength = Int32.MaxValue; 29: } 30:  31: public static ServiceMetadataBehavior ServiceMetadataBehavior 32: { 33: get 34: { 35: return new ServiceMetadataBehavior 36: { 37: HttpGetEnabled = true, 38: MetadataExporter = {PolicyVersion = PolicyVersion.Policy15} 39: }; 40: } 41: } 42:  43: public static ServiceDebugBehavior ServiceDebugBehavior 44: { 45: get 46: { 47: var smb = new ServiceDebugBehavior(); 48: Configure(smb); 49: return smb; 50: } 51: } 52:  53:  54: public static void Configure(ServiceDebugBehavior behavior) 55: { 56: if (behavior == null) 57: { 58: throw new ArgumentException("Argument 'behavior' cannot be null. Cannot configure debug behavior."); 59: } 60: 61: behavior.IncludeExceptionDetailInFaults = true; 62: } 63: } Configuring the server There are basically two ways to host a WCF service, in IIS and self-hosting. When hosting a WCF service in a production environment using SOA architecture, you'll be most likely hosting it in IIS. When testing the service in integration tests, it's very handy to be able to self-host services in the unit-tests. In fact, you can share the the WCF configuration for self-hosted services and services hosted in IIS. And that is exactly what you want to do, testing the same configurations for test and production environments.   Configuring when Self-hosting When self-hosting, in order to start the service, you'll have to instantiate the ServiceHost class, configure the  service and open it. 1: // Create the service-host. 2: var host = new ServiceHost(typeof(MyService), endpoint); 3:  4: // Configure the binding 5: host.AddServiceEndpoint(typeof(IMyService), ServiceConfig.DefaultBinding, endpoint); 6:  7: // Configure metadata behavior 8: host.Description.Behaviors.Add(ServiceConfig.ServiceMetadataBehavior); 9:  10: // Configure debgug behavior 11: ServiceConfig.Configure((ServiceDebugBehavior)host.Description.Behaviors[typeof(ServiceDebugBehavior)]); 12: 13: // Start listening to the service 14: host.Open(); 15:  Configuring when hosting in IIS When you create a WCF service application with the wizard in Visual Studio, you'll end up with bits and pieces of code in order to get the service running: Svc-file with codebehind. A interface to the service Web.config In order to get rid of the configuration in the <system.serviceModel> section, which the wizard has generated for us, we must tell the service that we have a factory that will create the service for us. We do this by changing the markup for the svc-file: 1: <%@ ServiceHost Language="C#" Debug="true" Service="Namespace.MyService" Factory="Namespace.ServiceHostFactory" %> The markup tells IIS that we have a factory called ServiceHostFactory for this service. The service factory has a method we can override which will be called when someone asks IIS for the service. There are overloads we can override: 1: System.ServiceModel.ServiceHostBase CreateServiceHost(string constructorString, Uri[] baseAddresses) 2: System.ServiceModel.ServiceHost CreateServiceHost(Type serviceType, Uri[] baseAddresses) 3:  In this example, we'll be using the last one, so our implementation looks like this: 1: public class ServiceHostFactory : System.ServiceModel.Activation.ServiceHostFactory 2: { 3:  4: protected override System.ServiceModel.ServiceHost CreateServiceHost(Type serviceType, Uri[] baseAddresses) 5: { 6: var host = base.CreateServiceHost(serviceType, baseAddresses); 7: host.Description.Behaviors.Add(ServiceConfig.ServiceMetadataBehavior); 8: ServiceConfig.Configure((ServiceDebugBehavior)host.Description.Behaviors[typeof(ServiceDebugBehavior)]); 9: return host; 10: } 11: } 12:  1: public class ServiceHostFactory : System.ServiceModel.Activation.ServiceHostFactory 2: { 3: 4: protected override System.ServiceModel.ServiceHost CreateServiceHost(Type serviceType, Uri[] baseAddresses) 5: { 6: var host = base.CreateServiceHost(serviceType, baseAddresses); 7: host.Description.Behaviors.Add(ServiceConfig.ServiceMetadataBehavior); 8: ServiceConfig.Configure((ServiceDebugBehavior)host.Description.Behaviors[typeof(ServiceDebugBehavior)]); 9: return host; 10: } 11: } 12: As you can see, we are using the same configuration helper we used when self-hosting. Now, when you have a factory, the <system.serviceModel> section of the configuration can be removed, because the section will be ignored when the service has a custom factory. If you want to configure something else in the config-file, one could configure in some other section.   Configuring the client Microsoft has helpfully created a ChannelFactory class in order to create a proxy client. When using this approach, you don't have generate those awfull proxy classes for the client. If you share the contracts with the server in it's own assembly like in the layer diagram under, you can share the same piece of code. The contracts in WCF are the interface to the service and if any, the datacontracts (custom types) the service depends on. Using the ChannelFactory with our configuration helper-class is very simple: 1: var identity = EndpointIdentity.CreateDnsIdentity("localhost"); 2: var endpointAddress = new EndpointAddress(endPoint, identity); 3: var factory = new ChannelFactory<IMyService>(DeployServiceConfig.DefaultBinding, endpointAddress); 4: using (var myService = new factory.CreateChannel()) 5: { 6: myService.Hello(); 7: } 8: factory.Close();   Happy configuration!

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• Cannot log to Proxmox GUI

  - by greg

  I'm running proxmox on debian 6.0.8 kernel 2.6.32-18-pve. When I try to log into the GUI with the root password, it lets me in for about 2 seconds then asks for the password again: <hostname>:8006/api2/json/cluster/resources 401 (permission denied - invalid ticket) This is not the same behavior as when I give an incorrect password. I suspect a hostname problem, but I can't sort it out. My /etc/hosts contains the following line: <ip> <shorthostname> <longhostname> pvelocalhost The folder /etc/pve/nodes contains a folder name The https certificates matches the hostname. Any idea? TIA greg

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• Bluetooth RFCOMM / SDP connection to a RS232 adapter in android

  - by ThePosey

  Hello All, I am trying to use the Bluetooth Chat sample API app that google provides to connect to a bluetooth RS232 adapter hooked up to another device. Here is the app for reference: http://developer.android.com/resources/samples/BluetoothChat/index.html And here is the spec sheet for the RS232 connector just for reference: http://serialio.com/download/Docs/BlueSnap-guide-4.77_Commands.pdf Well the problem is that when I go to connect to the device with: mmSocket.connect(); (BluetoothSocket::connect()) I always get an IOException error thrown by the connect() method. When I do a toString on the exception I get "Service discovery failed". My question is mostly what are the cases that would cause an IOException to get thrown in the connect method? I know those are in the source somewhere but I don't know exactly how the java layer that you write apps in and the C/C++ layer that contains the actual stacks interface. I know that it uses the bluez bluetooth stack which is written in C/C++ but not sure how that ties into the java layer which is what I would think is throwing the exception. Any help on pointing me to where I can try to dissect this issue would be incredible. Also just to note I am able to pair with the RS232 adapter just fine but I am never able to actually connect. Here is the logcat output for more reference: I/ActivityManager( 1018): Displayed activity com.example.android.BluetoothChat/.DeviceListActivity: 326 ms (total 326 ms) E/BluetoothService.cpp( 1018): stopDiscoveryNative: D-Bus error in StopDiscovery: org.bluez.Error.Failed (Invalid discovery session) D/BluetoothChat( 1729): onActivityResult -1 D/BluetoothChatService( 1729): connect to: 00:06:66:03:0C:51 D/BluetoothChatService( 1729): setState() STATE_LISTEN - STATE_CONNECTING E/BluetoothChat( 1729): + ON RESUME + I/BluetoothChat( 1729): MESSAGE_STATE_CHANGE: STATE_CONNECTING I/BluetoothChatService( 1729): BEGIN mConnectThread E/BluetoothService.cpp( 1018): stopDiscoveryNative: D-Bus error in StopDiscovery: org.bluez.Error.Failed (Invalid discovery session) E/BluetoothEventLoop.cpp( 1018): event_filter: Received signal org.bluez.Device:PropertyChanged from /org/bluez/1498/hci0/dev_00_06_66_03_0C_51 I/BluetoothChatService( 1729): CONNECTION FAIL TOSTRING: java.io.IOException: Service discovery failed D/BluetoothChatService( 1729): setState() STATE_CONNECTING - STATE_LISTEN D/BluetoothChatService( 1729): start D/BluetoothChatService( 1729): setState() STATE_LISTEN - STATE_LISTEN I/BluetoothChat( 1729): MESSAGE_STATE_CHANGE: STATE_LISTEN V/BluetoothEventRedirector( 1080): Received android.bleutooth.device.action.UUID I/NotificationService( 1018): enqueueToast pkg=com.example.android.BluetoothChat callback=android.app.ITransientNotification$Stub$Proxy@446327c8 duration=0 I/BluetoothChat( 1729): MESSAGE_STATE_CHANGE: STATE_LISTEN E/BluetoothEventLoop.cpp( 1018): event_filter: Received signal org.bluez.Device:PropertyChanged from /org/bluez/1498/hci0/dev_00_06_66_03_0C_51 V/BluetoothEventRedirector( 1080): Received android.bleutooth.device.action.UUID The device I'm trying to connect to is the 00:06:66:03:0C:51 which I can scan for and apparently pair with just fine. The below is merged from a similar question which was successfully resolved by the selected answer here: How can one connect to an rfcomm device other than another phone in Android? The Android API provides examples of using listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord() to set up a socket and createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord() to connect to that socket. I'm trying to connect to an embedded device with a BlueSMiRF Gold chip. My working Python code (using the PyBluez library), which I'd like to port to Android, is as follows: sock = bluetooth.BluetoothSocket(proto=bluetooth.RFCOMM) sock.connect((device_addr, 1)) return sock.makefile() ...so the service to connect to is simply defined as channel 1, without any SDP lookup. As the only documented mechanism I see in the Android API does SDP lookup of a UUID, I'm slightly at a loss. Using "sdptool browse" from my Linux host comes up empty, so I surmise that the chip in question simply lacks SDP support.

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• Ubuntu - Upgrade to 10.4 - general error mounting filesystems

  - by JC Denton

  Hello All, Using upgrade manager I upgraded my 8.x LTS installation to 10.4. After rebooting the system failed encountered an error and dropped into the recovery console. It appeared to be a problem caused by ureadahead as described here: http://ubuntuguide.net/howto-fix-ureadahead-problem-after-upgrading-to-ubuntu-10-04. So I renamed ureadahead.conf to ureadahead.moved (after remounting the partition rw). this did not help so I renamed the file back again. After rebooting the following error appears: ureadahead terminated with status 5. udev_monitor_new_from_netlink: error getting socket: Invalid Argument mountall:mountall.c:3204 assertion failed in main: udev_monitor = udev_monitor_new_from_netlink(udev,"udev") init: mountall main process (2532) killed by ABRT signal. General error mounting filesystems How will I get my system to boot again properly? thanks

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• Troubleshooting Windows Authentication problems (no challenge) in IIS 7.5?

  - by Aaronaught

  I know that there are thousands of reports of people having trouble getting Integrated Windows Authentication to work with IIS, but they all seem to lead to web pages that don't apply or solutions that I've already tried. I've deployed dozens of sites like this before, so either there's something bizarre going on with the server/configuration, or I've been looking at this too long and not seeing the obvious. Simply put, everything works perfectly on my local machine, but falls apart on the production server, which as far as I can tell has the exact same configuration. On the local machine: The machine is running Windows 7 Ultimate, Service Pack 1, IIS 7.5. The site has been tested successfully, using both IIS and the VS Web Development Server. The IIS site config has all authentication methods disabled except Windows Authentication. The local machine is not on any domain. The Providers set up are Negotiate and NTLM (not Negotiate:Kerberos). Extended Protection is Off. All browsers tested (IE, Firefox, Chrome) show the challenge prompt and allow me to log in to the localhost domain with my (local) Windows account. All browsers tested also work using an opaque local IP address - so the browsers themselves don't seem to care whether the site appears "local" or "remote". I've added a display line to the web page which shows the currently-logged-in user and it shows exactly what I would expect (whichever local user I logged in with). On the remote machine: The server is running Windows Server 2008 R2, IIS 7.5. Loading the web page results in an immediate 401.2 error: You are not authorized to view this page due to invalid authentication headers. No challenge prompt ever appears. The IIS site config has all authentication methods disabled except Windows Authentication. The remote machine is not on any domain. The Providers set up are Negotiate and NTLM (not Negotiate:Kerberos). Extended Protection is Off. On the remote machine (remote desktop session), the same error appears in Internet Explorer regardless of whether the domain is localhost or the external IP address. If I try to view the remote web site from my local machine, the error is still 401, but a slightly different 401. No subcode, with the text: Access is denied due to invalid credentials. The Windows Authentication IIS role feature is installed. The WindowsAuthentication Module is added (at the Server level). The exact same error occurs if I turn off Windows Authentication and enable Basic Authentication. The site does load if I turn off Windows Authentication and enable Anonymous (obviously). I've already followed all of the troubleshooting steps on Microsoft Support: Troubleshooting HTTP 401 errors in IIS I've already tried the workaround shown on another Microsoft support page (supposedly to force NTLM as the only method). Last but not least, I tried turning on FREB for 401.2 errors and the results don't seem to tell me anything useful, all I see is the following warning: MODULE_SET_RESPONSE_ERROR_STATUS ModuleName IIS Web Core Notification 2 HttpStatus 401 HttpReason Unauthorized HttpSubStatus 2 ErrorCode 2147942405 ConfigExceptionInfo Notification AUTHENTICATE_REQUEST ErrorCode Access is denied. (0x80070005) ...this seems to just be telling me what I already know (that it's simply rejecting the request instead of negotiating the credentials). The trace does indicate that the WindowsAuthentication module is correctly loaded because there is a NOTIFY_MODULE_START line with ModuleName = WindowsAuthentication (and various other ASP.NET follow-up events - [un]fortunately, no interesting errors or warnings here). Can anyone tell me what I might be missing here? Quick Update: I'm a little uncomfortable sending a whole Wireshark dump as it would reveal IPs, URLs and other stuff, but I did a side-by-side comparison of the HTTP responses from localhost and the remote server in Fiddler, and it seems fairly self-evident what the problem is: Localhost: HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized Cache-Control: private Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8 Server: Microsoft-IIS/7.5 WWW-Authenticate: Negotiate WWW-Authenticate: NTLM X-Powered-By: ASP.NET Date: Sat, 17 Dec 2011 23:42:34 GMT Content-Length: 6399 Proxy-Support: Session-Based-Authentication Remote: HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized Content-Type: text/html Server: Microsoft-IIS/7.5 X-Powered-By: ASP.NET Date: Sat, 17 Dec 2011 23:43:13 GMT Content-Length: 1293 Aside from a few seemingly-inconsequential differences like cache-control, the main difference is that the remote server is not sending the WWW-Authenticate headers back to the client. So, I guess that narrows the question down to: Why is IIS not sending WWW-Authenticate headers when Windows Authentication appears to be installed, loaded, and exclusively enabled?

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• Web server connection to SQL Server: Response Packet [Malformed Packet]

  - by John Murdoch

  I am seeing very, very sluggish performance between my web server (which handles HTTP web services connections) and a separate server running Microsoft SQL Server 2008. I have been capturing packet traffic on the web server trying to understand why things are running so slowly. I am using Wireshark to capture the packet traffic. The apparent problem is that the web server is sending TDS packets to the data server--each packet followed by a response from the data server with Response Packet [Malformed Packet] in the Info field. The packet sent from the web server appears to have an invalid checksum. Has anyone seen this type of problem before? Any ideas?

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• 401 - Unauthorized On Server 2008 R2 IIS 7.5

  - by mxmissile

  I have a web application deployed to Server 2008 IIS 7.5 box. From remote it gives this error: 401 - Unauthorized: Access is denied due to invalid credentials. (remote = desktops on the same LAN) Have tried several remote clients using different browsers, all the same result. (IE, FF, and Chrome) Hitting the application from the desktop of the server itself works flawlessly. The application is using Anonymous Authentication. The application is written in .NET 4.0 Asp.Net using the MVC framework. Sysinternals procmon returns these 2 results for each request: FAST IO DISALLOWED and PATH NOT FOUND. I have 2 other MVC apps running fine on the same server. I have checked the security on the folders and they all match. App runs fine on a Server 2008 IIS 7.0 box. Nothing shows up in the Event log on the server related to this. Pulling my hair out here, any troubleshooting tips?

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• Squid, NTLM, Windows 7 and IE8

  - by Harley

  I'm running Squid 2.7-stable4, Samba 3 and the Windows 7 RC with IE8. I have NTLM authentication setup on my squid proxy server and it works fine for every combination of browser and Windows (including IE8 on XP and Firefox on Win7), but it doesn't work (keeps asking for authentication) for IE8 on Windows 7. I can get it to work using the LmCompatibilityLevel registry hack, but I'd really prefer to get it working on the server. Does anyone have any experience with this? Or know where to start looking? The samba logs don't reveal much. EDIT: Here's what the wb-MYDOMAIN log says when I attempt to authenticate: [2009/08/20 15:13:36, 4] nsswitch/winbindd_dual.c:fork_domain_child(1080) child daemon request 13 [2009/08/20 15:13:36, 10] nsswitch/winbindd_dual.c:child_process_request(478) process_request: request fn AUTH_CRAP [2009/08/20 15:13:36, 3] nsswitch/winbindd_pam.c:winbindd_dual_pam_auth_crap(1755) [ 4127]: pam auth crap domain: MYDOMAIN user: MYUSER [2009/08/20 15:13:36, 0] nsswitch/winbindd_pam.c:winbindd_dual_pam_auth_crap(1767) winbindd_pam_auth_crap: invalid password length 24/282 [2009/08/20 15:13:36, 2] nsswitch/winbindd_pam.c:winbindd_dual_pam_auth_crap(1931) NTLM CRAP authentication for user [MYDOMAIN]\[MYUSER] returned NT_STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER (PAM: 4) [2009/08/20 15:13:36, 10] nsswitch/winbindd_cache.c:cache_store_response(2267) Storing response for pid 4547, len 3240

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• Cisco ASA 5505 - L2TP over IPsec

  - by xraminx

  I have followed this document on cisco site to set up the L2TP over IPsec connection. When I try to establish a VPN to ASA 5505 from my Windows XP, after I click on "connect" button, the "Connecting ...." dialog box appears and after a while I get this error message: Error 800: Unable to establish VPN connection. The VPN server may be unreachable, or security parameters may not be configured properly for this connection. ASA version 7.2(4) ASDM version 5.2(4) Windows XP SP3 Windows XP and ASA 5505 are on the same LAN for test purposes. Edit 1: There are two VLANs defined on the cisco device (the standard setup on cisco ASA5505). - port 0 is on VLAN2, outside; - and ports 1 to 7 on VLAN1, inside. I run a cable from my linksys home router (10.50.10.1) to the cisco ASA5505 router on port 0 (outside). Port 0 have IP 192.168.1.1 used internally by cisco and I have also assigned the external IP 10.50.10.206 to port 0 (outside). I run a cable from Windows XP to Cisco router on port 1 (inside). Port 1 is assigned an IP from Cisco router 192.168.1.2. The Windows XP is also connected to my linksys home router via wireless (10.50.10.141). Edit 2: When I try to establish vpn, the Cisco device real time Log viewer shows 7 entries like this: Severity:5 Date:Sep 15 2009 Time: 14:51:29 SyslogID: 713904 Destination IP = 10.50.10.141, Decription: No crypto map bound to interface... dropping pkt Edit 3: This is the setup on the router right now. Result of the command: "show run" : Saved : ASA Version 7.2(4) ! hostname ciscoasa domain-name default.domain.invalid enable password HGFHGFGHFHGHGFHGF encrypted passwd NMMNMNMNMNMNMN encrypted names name 192.168.1.200 WebServer1 name 10.50.10.206 external-ip-address ! interface Vlan1 nameif inside security-level 100 ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 ! interface Vlan2 nameif outside security-level 0 ip address external-ip-address 255.0.0.0 ! interface Vlan3 no nameif security-level 50 no ip address ! interface Ethernet0/0 switchport access vlan 2 ! interface Ethernet0/1 ! interface Ethernet0/2 ! interface Ethernet0/3 ! interface Ethernet0/4 ! interface Ethernet0/5 ! interface Ethernet0/6 ! interface Ethernet0/7 ! ftp mode passive dns server-group DefaultDNS domain-name default.domain.invalid object-group service l2tp udp port-object eq 1701 access-list outside_access_in remark Allow incoming tcp/http access-list outside_access_in extended permit tcp any host WebServer1 eq www access-list outside_access_in extended permit udp any any eq 1701 access-list inside_nat0_outbound extended permit ip any 192.168.1.208 255.255.255.240 access-list inside_cryptomap_1 extended permit ip interface outside interface inside pager lines 24 logging enable logging asdm informational mtu inside 1500 mtu outside 1500 ip local pool PPTP-VPN 192.168.1.210-192.168.1.220 mask 255.255.255.0 icmp unreachable rate-limit 1 burst-size 1 asdm image disk0:/asdm-524.bin no asdm history enable arp timeout 14400 global (outside) 1 interface nat (inside) 0 access-list inside_nat0_outbound nat (inside) 1 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 static (inside,outside) tcp interface www WebServer1 www netmask 255.255.255.255 access-group outside_access_in in interface outside timeout xlate 3:00:00 timeout conn 1:00:00 half-closed 0:10:00 udp 0:02:00 icmp 0:00:02 timeout sunrpc 0:10:00 h323 0:05:00 h225 1:00:00 mgcp 0:05:00 mgcp-pat 0:05:00 timeout sip 0:30:00 sip_media 0:02:00 sip-invite 0:03:00 sip-disconnect 0:02:00 timeout sip-provisional-media 0:02:00 uauth 0:05:00 absolute http server enable http 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 inside no snmp-server location no snmp-server contact snmp-server enable traps snmp authentication linkup linkdown coldstart crypto ipsec transform-set TRANS_ESP_3DES_SHA esp-3des esp-sha-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set TRANS_ESP_3DES_SHA mode transport crypto ipsec transform-set TRANS_ESP_3DES_MD5 esp-3des esp-md5-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set TRANS_ESP_3DES_MD5 mode transport crypto map outside_map 1 match address inside_cryptomap_1 crypto map outside_map 1 set transform-set TRANS_ESP_3DES_MD5 crypto map outside_map interface inside crypto isakmp enable outside crypto isakmp policy 10 authentication pre-share encryption 3des hash md5 group 2 lifetime 86400 telnet timeout 5 ssh timeout 5 console timeout 0 dhcpd auto_config outside ! dhcpd address 192.168.1.2-192.168.1.33 inside dhcpd enable inside ! group-policy DefaultRAGroup internal group-policy DefaultRAGroup attributes dns-server value 192.168.1.1 vpn-tunnel-protocol IPSec l2tp-ipsec username myusername password FGHFGHFHGFHGFGFHF nt-encrypted tunnel-group DefaultRAGroup general-attributes address-pool PPTP-VPN default-group-policy DefaultRAGroup tunnel-group DefaultRAGroup ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * tunnel-group DefaultRAGroup ppp-attributes no authentication chap authentication ms-chap-v2 ! ! prompt hostname context Cryptochecksum:a9331e84064f27e6220a8667bf5076c1 : end

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• iPhone - Open excel from SSRS 2008

  - by milesmcgehee

  We're currently having a problem with our 2008 SSRS server sending excel reports to users with iPhones. They get the email with no problems, but when the XLS file is opened on the phone, it returns an error of: Invalid format. Everyone else can open the report with no problems (email/blackberry) The odd thing, is I can drag the file to my desktop from the message, open it, save it, and then email it again and it opens just fine on the phone. Does anyone know of hotfix that can be applied to the SSRS server to create the XLS files correctly? Or something I can change to make this work? I know we can send all the attachments in PDF but I'd like to keep them XLS if at all possible.

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• Retrieve user details from Active Directory using SID

  - by er4z0r

  Hi, How can I find a user in my AD when I have his/her SID. I don't want to rely on other attributes, since I am trying to detect changes to these. Example: I get a message about a change to user record containing: Message: User Account Changed: Target Account Name: test12 Target Domain: DOMAIN Target Account ID: %{S-1-5-21-3968247570-3627839482-368725868-1110} Caller User Name: Administrator Caller Domain: DOMAIN Caller Logon ID: (0x0,0x62AB1) Privileges: - I want to notify the user about the change. So I need their account-information from AD. When I try to retrieve the user's data from AD via VBScript like this: Wscript.StdOut.writeLine "Found an Account ID: " & objMatch.value Set objUser = GetObject("LDAP://GUID=1521396824757036278394823687258681110") Wscript.StdOut.writeLine objUser I receive an error stating The handle is invalid Code:80070006

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• Saslauth with ldapdb on debian

  - by Andreas Rehm

  I'm trying to get saslauthd working with openldap. ldapsearch and every service connected to openldap works fine. sasldblistusers2 doesn't work - and ldapwhoami does not work either. sasldblistusers2 produces this log entry: Sep 30 03:48:01 sogo sasldblistusers2: _sasl_plugin_load failed on sasl_auxprop_plug_init for plugin: ldapdb Sep 30 03:48:01 sogo sasldblistusers2: canonuserfunc error -7 Sep 30 03:48:01 sogo sasldblistusers2: _sasl_plugin_load failed on sasl_canonuser_init for plugin: ldapdb Sep 30 03:48:01 sogo sasldblistusers2: DIGEST-MD5 common mech free ldapwhoami result: root@sogo:/root# ldapwhoami SASL/DIGEST-MD5 authentication started Please enter your password: ldap_sasl_interactive_bind_s: Invalid credentials (49) additional info: SASL(-13): user not found: no secret in database My /etc/saslauthd.conf: ldap_servers: ldap://localhost ldap_version: 3 ldap_auth_method: bind ldap_search_base: dc=MY,dc=DOMAIN ldap_scope: sub ldap_bind_dn: cn=admin,dc=MY,dc=DOMAIN ldap_bind_pw: LDAPPASS ldap_filter: <uid=%u> auxprop_plugin: ldapdb /etc/default/saslauthd: START=yes DESC="SASL Authentication Daemon" NAME="saslauthd" MECHANISMS="ldap" MECH_OPTIONS="" THREADS=5 OPTIONS="-c -m /var/run/saslauthd" I can't see the error. Please help.

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• Why the cucumber features keeps running even though it fails?

  - by Millisami

  Its a rails 2.3.5 app. I'm using the rspec and cucumber for testing. When I run autospec, it runs correctly with the warning (Not running features. To run features in autotest, set AUTOFEATURE=true.) as below: [~/rails_apps/automation (campaign)?] ? autospec (Not running features. To run features in autotest, set AUTOFEATURE=true.) (Not running features. To run features in autotest, set AUTOFEATURE=true.) loading autotest/rails_rspec /home/millisami/.rvm/rubies/ree-1.8.7-2010.01/lib/ruby/1.8/pathname.rb:263: warning: `*' interpreted as argument prefix /home/millisami/.rvm/rubies/ree-1.8.7-2010.01/bin/ruby /home/millisami/.rvm/gems/ree-1.8.7-2010.01/gems/rspec-1.3.0/bin/spec --autospec /home/millisami/rails_apps/automation/spec/controllers/campaigns_controller_spec.rb /home/millisami/rails_apps/automation/spec/models/board_spec.rb /home/millisami/rails_apps/automation/spec/models/user_spec.rb /home/millisami/rails_apps/automation/spec/models/campaign_spec.rb /home/millisami/rails_apps/automation/spec/controllers/outlets_controller_spec.rb /home/millisami/rails_apps/automation/spec/controllers/boards_controller_spec.rb /home/millisami/rails_apps/automation/spec/models/outlet_type_spec.rb /home/millisami/rails_apps/automation/spec/models/vendor_spec.rb /home/millisami/rails_apps/automation/spec/controllers/brands_controller_spec.rb /home/millisami/rails_apps/automation/spec/controllers/vendors_controller_spec.rb /home/millisami/rails_apps/automation/spec/controllers/dashboard_controller_spec.rb /home/millisami/rails_apps/automation/spec/models/brand_spec.rb /home/millisami/rails_apps/automation/spec/helpers/dashboard_helper_spec.rb /home/millisami/rails_apps/automation/spec/models/outlet_spec.rb /home/millisami/rails_apps/automation/spec/models/client_spec.rb /home/millisami/rails_apps/automation/spec/controllers/clients_controller_spec.rb -O spec/spec.opts Now, as it suggests, when I run AUTOFEATURE=true autospec, the specs runs and the cuke features as well. But the problem is that it won't stop. It runs the features and runs them again and again in a loop. It doesn't stop after it fails. Is this due to the warning Warning: $KCODE is NONE as shown below?? [~/rails_apps/automation (campaign)?] ? AUTOFEATURE=true autospec loading autotest/cucumber_rails_rspec Warning: $KCODE is NONE. /home/millisami/.rvm/gems/ree-1.8.7-2010.01/gems/treetop-1.4.5/lib/treetop/ruby_extensions/string.rb:31: warning: method redefined; discarding old indent /home/millisami/.rvm/rubies/ree-1.8.7-2010.01/lib/ruby/1.8/pathname.rb:263: warning: `*' interpreted as argument prefix /home/millisami/.rvm/gems/ree-1.8.7-2010.01/gems/activesupport-2.3.5/lib/active_support/core_ext/object/blank.rb:49: warning: method redefined; discarding old blank? /home/millisami/.rvm/rubies/ree-1.8.7-2010.01/bin/ruby /home/millisami/.rvm/gems/ree-1.8.7-2010.01/gems/rspec-1.3.0/bin/spec --autospec /home/millisami/rails_apps/automation/spec/controllers/campaigns_controller_spec.rb /home/millisami/rails_apps/automation/spec/models/board_spec.rb /home/millisami/rails_apps/automation/spec/models/user_spec.rb /home/millisami/rails_apps/automation/spec/models/campaign_spec.rb /home/millisami/rails_apps/automation/spec/controllers/outlets_controller_spec.rb /home/millisami/rails_apps/automation/spec/controllers/boards_controller_spec.rb /home/millisami/rails_apps/automation/spec/models/outlet_type_spec.rb /home/millisami/rails_apps/automation/spec/models/vendor_spec.rb /home/millisami/rails_apps/automation/spec/controllers/brands_controller_spec.rb /home/millisami/rails_apps/automation/spec/controllers/vendors_controller_spec.rb /home/millisami/rails_apps/automation/spec/controllers/dashboard_controller_spec.rb /home/millisami/rails_apps/automation/spec/models/brand_spec.rb /home/millisami/rails_apps/automation/spec/helpers/dashboard_helper_spec.rb /home/millisami/rails_apps/automation/spec/models/outlet_spec.rb /home/millisami/rails_apps/automation/spec/models/client_spec.rb /home/millisami/rails_apps/automation/spec/controllers/clients_controller_spec.rb -O spec/spec.opts

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• How to disable SSLCompression on Apache httpd 2.2.15?

  - by Stefan Lasiewski

  I read about the CRIME attack against TLS Compression (CRIME is a successor to the BEAST attack against ssl & tls), and I want to protect my webservers against this attack by disabling SSL Compression, which was added to Apache 2.2.22 (See Bug 53219). I am running Scientific Linux 6.1, which ships with httpd-2.2.15. Security fixes for upstream versions of httpd 2.2 should be backported to this version. # rpm -q httpd httpd-2.2.15-15.sl6.1.x86_64 # httpd -V Server version: Apache/2.2.15 (Unix) Server built: Feb 14 2012 09:47:14 Server's Module Magic Number: 20051115:24 Server loaded: APR 1.3.9, APR-Util 1.3.9 Compiled using: APR 1.3.9, APR-Util 1.3.9 I tried SSLCompression off in my configuration, but that results in the following error message: # /etc/init.d/httpd restart Stopping httpd: [ OK ] Starting httpd: Syntax error on line 147 of /etc/httpd/httpd.conf: Invalid command 'SSLCompression', perhaps misspelled or defined by a module not included in the server configuration [FAILED] Is it possible to disable SSLCompression with this version of Apache Webserver?

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• How do I mount an EBS root volume to a windows instance in Amazon EC2

  - by Kyle

  So basically, I created a large windows server for development, and then I created a micro windows server for production. I set up everything how I wanted it on my development server, and then i unmounted the drives, and mounted them to my micro server. Now I'm trying to get back into my large windows development server, and I'm getting the error. Invalid value 'i-4896ce28' for instanceId. Instance does not have a volume attached at root (/dev/sda1) this error pops up when I try to start my large windows server. I've remounted the drives to the large development server, and I still get this message. I'm not really sure what to do, I've read other posts and everyone is giving these almost like command line arguments and talking about other tools, and I really have no clue what any of that means, or where I even have an option to enter any commands without be logged into a specific instance.

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• Dovecot: doveadm move command syntax

  - by vincent

  I want to transfer an email from [email protected] to put it in a folder of another user: [email protected] For that, it seems to me appropriate to use 'doveadm move' command, but I can not get the right result. Can you help me? syntax: doveadm move [-u |-A] [-S ] [user ] my attempts: doveadm move -u [email protected] DIRECTORY_2 mailbox [email protected]:'DIRECTORY_1' all return: Error: Syncing mailbox [email protected]:DOSSIER_1 failed: Mailbox doesn't exist: [email protected]:DOSSIER_1 doveadm -u [email protected] DIRECTORY_2 mailbox sdbox:/complete/path/[email protected]/mailboxes/DIRECTORY_1 all return: Error: Syncing mailbox sdbox:/complete/path/[email protected]/mailboxes/DIRECTORY_1 failed: Mailbox doesn't exist: sdbox:/complete/path/[email protected]/mailboxes/DIRECTORY_1 doveadm move -u [email protected] DIRECTORY_2 mailbox [email protected] 'DIRECTORY_2' all return: Fatal: Unknown argument DIRECTORY_2 some details: directory exists the following command works (in case 'DIRECTORY_1' and 'DIRECTORY_2' are in the [email protected] user): doveadm move -u [email protected] DIRECTORY_2 mailbox 'DIRECTORY_1' ALL my problem is that I can not put another user destination

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• Querying Active Directory in PowerShell from a Windows host that is not a member of the domain

  - by jshin47

  How can I use PowerShell [adsisearcher] to query a domain that I am not a member of? Usually I will do something like this: $myAdsi = [adsisearcher]"" $myAdsi.SearchRoot = [adsi]"LDAP://dc=corp,dc=mycompany,dc=com" $myAdsi.Filter = "objectCategory=computer" $res = $myAdsi.FindAll() If I run this snippet on a host in my domain, I get the expected result. However, if I run this from a computer that has network access to the domain (through a L2L VPN) I get the error: Exception calling "FindAll" with "0" argument(s): "The specified domain either does not exist or could not be contacted. " At line:11 char:33 + $adComputers = $searcher.FindAll <<<< () + CategoryInfo : NotSpecified: (:) [], MethodInvocationException + FullyQualifiedErrorId : DotNetMethodException This is somewhat expected as I have not provided any sort of credentials to [adsisearcher] that would tell it how to authenticate. My question is: how do I let [adsisearcher] know that I want to authenticate against a domain in which I am not a member?

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• awstats parse of postfix mail log drops all records

  - by accidental admin

  I'm trying to get awstats to parse the postfix mail log, but it drops allmost all entries with messages like: Corrupted record (date 20091204042837 lower than 20091211065829-20000): 2009-12-04 04:28:37 root root localhost 127.0.0.1 SMTP - 1 17480 Few more are dropped with an invalid LogFormat: Corrupted record line 24 (record format does not match LogFormat parameter): 2009-11-16 04: 28:22 root root localhost 127.0.0.1 SMTP - 14755 My conf LogFormat="%time2 %email %email_r %host %host_r %method %url %code %bytesd" I believe matches the log format (and besides is the log format I've seen everywhere for awstats mail parsing). Besides, is the same entry format as all the other entries in the mail log. Whatever is left is dropped too: Dropped record (host localhost and 127.0.0.1 not qualified by SkipHosts): 2009-12-07 04:28:36 root root localhost 127.0.0.1 SMTP - 1 17152 I added SkipHosts="" to the .conf file but to no avail. I feel like awstats really has some personal quarrel with me today.

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• ODBC error state S1092: postgresql through ODBC

  - by mechcow

  While performing an upgrade, our in-house software started to report the following strange error. It is a C++ application talking to a remote postgresql database, defined through ODBC: ODBC error state S1092, native error 0. [unixODBC][Driver Manager]Invalid attribute/option identifier Both the client and the server are Centos 5.4 Xen guests with the following RPMs installed: postgresql-libs-8.1.18-2.el5_4.1 postgresql-odbc-08.01.0200-3.1 postgresql-8.1.18-2.el5_4.1 postgresql-server-8.1.18-2.el5_4.1 Its possible the schema changed as part of the upgrade, could this explain the error message? What does this error message actually indicate, and do you know any likely causes of it?

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• Rendering a random generated maze in WinForms.NET

  - by Claus Jørgensen

  Hi I'm trying to create a maze-generator, and for this I have implemented the Randomized Prim's Algorithm in C#. However, the result of the generation is invalid. I can't figure out if it's my rendering, or the implementation that's invalid. So for starters, I'd like to have someone take a look at the implementation: maze is a matrix of cells. var cell = maze[0, 0]; cell.Connected = true; var walls = new HashSet<MazeWall>(cell.Walls); while (walls.Count > 0) { var randomWall = walls.GetRandom(); var randomCell = randomWall.A.Connected ? randomWall.B : randomWall.A; if (!randomCell.Connected) { randomWall.IsPassage = true; randomCell.Connected = true; foreach (var wall in randomCell.Walls) walls.Add(wall); } walls.Remove(randomWall); } Here's a example on the rendered result: Edit Ok, lets have a look at the rendering part then: private void MazePanel_Paint(object sender, PaintEventArgs e) { int size = 20; int cellSize = 10; MazeCell[,] maze = RandomizedPrimsGenerator.Generate(size); mazePanel.Size = new Size( size * cellSize + 1, size * cellSize + 1 ); e.Graphics.DrawRectangle(Pens.Blue, 0, 0, size * cellSize, size * cellSize ); for (int y = 0; y < size; y++) for (int x = 0; x < size; x++) { foreach(var wall in maze[x, y].Walls.Where(w => !w.IsPassage)) { if (wall.Direction == MazeWallOrientation.Horisontal) { e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, x * cellSize, y * cellSize, x * cellSize + cellSize, y * cellSize ); } else { e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, x * cellSize, y * cellSize, x * cellSize, y * cellSize + cellSize ); } } } } And I guess, to understand this we need to see the MazeCell and MazeWall class: namespace MazeGenerator.Maze { class MazeCell { public int Column { get; set; } public int Row { get; set; } public bool Connected { get; set; } private List<MazeWall> walls = new List<MazeWall>(); public List<MazeWall> Walls { get { return walls; } set { walls = value; } } public MazeCell() { this.Connected = false; } public void AddWall(MazeCell b) { walls.Add(new MazeWall(this, b)); } } enum MazeWallOrientation { Horisontal, Vertical, Undefined } class MazeWall : IEquatable<MazeWall> { public IEnumerable<MazeCell> Cells { get { yield return CellA; yield return CellB; } } public MazeCell CellA { get; set; } public MazeCell CellB { get; set; } public bool IsPassage { get; set; } public MazeWallOrientation Direction { get { if (CellA.Column == CellB.Column) { return MazeWallOrientation.Horisontal; } else if (CellA.Row == CellB.Row) { return MazeWallOrientation.Vertical; } else { return MazeWallOrientation.Undefined; } } } public MazeWall(MazeCell a, MazeCell b) { this.CellA = a; this.CellB = b; a.Walls.Add(this); b.Walls.Add(this); IsPassage = false; } #region IEquatable<MazeWall> Members public bool Equals(MazeWall other) { return (this.CellA == other.CellA) && (this.CellB == other.CellB); } #endregion } }

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