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• public (static) swap() method vs. redundant (non-static) private ones...

  - by Helper Method

  I'm revisiting data structures and algorithms to refresh my knowledge and from time to time I stumble across this problem: Often, several data structures do need to swap some elements on the underlying array. So I implement the swap() method in ADT1, ADT2 as a private non-static method. The good thing is, being a private method I don't need to check on the parameters, the bad thing is redundancy. But if I put the swap() method in a helper class as a public static method, I need to check the indices every time for validity, making the swap call very unefficient when many swaps are done. So what should I do? Neglect the performance degragation, or write small but redundant code?

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• How to debug lost events posted from non-GUI thread in Qt?

  - by gp

  As the subject says, I'm posting events from non-GUI thread (some GStreamer thread, to be precise). Code looks like this: GstBusSyncReply on_bus_message(GstBus* bus, GstMessage* message, gpointer data) { bool ret = QMetaObject::invokeMethod(static_cast<QObject*>(data), "stateChanged", Qt::QueuedConnection); Q_ASSERT(ret); return GST_BUS_PASS; } The problem is, stateChanged (doesn't matter whether it is a slot or signal) is not called. I've stepped into QMetaObject::invokeMethod with debugger, followed it till it called PostMessage (it is Qt 4.6.2 on Windows, by the way) – everything seemed to be OK. Object pointed to by data lives in GUI thread, I've double-checked this. How can I debug this problem? Or, better, maybe sidestep it altogether?

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• Is it possible to have a variadic function in C with no non-variadic parameter?

  - by Tim

  I have the following function: void doStuff(int unusedParameter, ...) { va_list params; va_start(params, unusedParameter); /* ... */ va_end(params); } As part of a refactor, I'd like to remove the unused parameter without otherwise changing the implementation of the function. As far as I can tell, it's impossible to use va_start when you don't have a last non-variadic parameter to refer to. Is there any way around this? Background: It is in fact a C++ program, so I could use some operator-overloading magic as suggested here, but I was hoping not to have to change the interface at this point. The existing function does its work by requiring that the variable argument list be null-terminated, and scanning for the NULL, therefore it doesn't need a leading argument to tell it how many arguments it has.

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• What non-standard behaviour features does Gmail exhibit, when it is programmatically used as a POP3 server?

  - by Mike Green

  I am trying to prepare a complete list of behaviour that Gmail POP3 exhibits, that you wouldn’t expect to generally find in a POP3 server. For example, Gmail appears to ignore the DELE (delete) command from a POP3 client. Instead, it implements its own delete and archive strategy. The purpose of preparing a list is to avoid developers testing a POP3 client against the Gmail POP3 server and then assuming that all POP3 servers behave in the same way. Can anyone provide a more complete list of non-standard behaviour?

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• Why is using a Non-Random IV with CBC Mode a vulnerability?

  - by The Rook

  I understand the purpose of an IV. Specifically in CBC mode this insures that the first block of of 2 messages encrypted with the same key will never be identical. But why is it a vulnerability if the IV's are sequential? According to CWE-329 NON-Random IV's allow for the possibility of a dictionary attack. I know that in practice protocols like WEP make no effort to hide the IV. If the attacker has the IV and a cipher text message then this opens the door for a dictionary attack against the key. I don't see how a random iv changes this. (I know the attacks against wep are more complex than this.) What security advantage does a randomized iv have? Is this still a problem with an "Ideal Block Cipher"? (A perfectly secure block cipher with no possible weaknesses.)

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• git - how do I clone into a non-empty directory?

  - by shovas

  I have directory A with files matching directory B. Directory A may have other needed files. Directory B is a git repo. I want to clone directory B to directory A but git-clone won't allow me to since the directory is non-empty. I was hoping it would just clone .git and since all the files match I could go from there? I can't clone into an empty directory because I have files in directory A that are not in directory B and I want to keep them. Copying .git is not an option since I want refs to push/pull with and I don't want to set them up manually. Is there any way to do this? Update: I think this works, can anyone see any problems? -- cd a git clone --no-hardlinks --no-checkout ../b a.tmp mv a.tmp/.git . rm -rf a.tmp git unstage # apparently git thinks all the files are deleted if you don't do this

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• How can I strip non-XHTML tags from a string in C#?

  - by No Average Geek

  I need to be able to remove non-XHTML tags from a string containing XHTML that has been stored in a database. The string also contains references for controls (e.g. ) inside the XHTML, but I need clean XHTML with all standard tag contents unchanged. These control tags are varied (they could be any ASP.NET control), so there are too many to go looking for each one and remove them. The way they are closed is also varied, so not all of them have closing tags, some are self closing. How can I go about doing this? I've found some HTML cleaners on-line for including in my project, but they either remove everything or just HTML encode the entire string. Also, I'm dealing with parts of XHTML documents, not entire documents - don't know if that makes a difference. Any help would be appreciated.

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• In Django, using __init__() method of non-abstract parent model to record class name of child model

  - by k-g-f

  In my Django project, I have a non-abstract parent model defined as follows: class Parent(models.Model): classType = models.CharField(editable=False,max_length=50) and, say, two children models defined as follows: class ChildA(Parent): parent = models.OneToOneField(Parent,parent_link=True) class ChildB(Parent): parent = models.OneToOneField(Parent,parent_link=True) Each time I create an instance of ChildA or of ChildB, I'd like the classType attribute to be set to the strings "ChildA" or "ChildB" respectively. What I have done is added an _ _ init_ _() method to Parent as follows: class Parent(models.Model): classType = models.CharField(editable=False,max_length=50) def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs): super(Parent,self).__init__(*args,**kwargs) self.classType = self.__class__.__name__ Is there a better way to implement and achieve my desired result? One downside of this implementation is that when I have an instance of the Parent, say "parent", and I want to get the type of the child object linked with "parent", calling "parent.classType" gives me "Parent". In order to get the appropriate "ChildA" or "ChildB" value, I need to write a "_getClassType()" method to wrap a custom sql query.

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• [PyQt4] QFileDialog problem (native: fast but no input field; non-native: has input field but slow)

  - by Bing Jian

  Hi, This seems a known problem but I have not found a good workaround. I like the style of the non-native QFileDialog, especially the feature that allows the user to input the path directly which is very convenient since the user can easily copy/paste the folder/file name from other applications. However, it seems very slow when the dialog is first launched. The native option is quite responsive but the problem is that it does not provide an input field so for the user to select a folder he/she has to walk into the directory, which can take many mouse clicks and is not fun. I am not sure if you have experienced similar problem or if I miss something. BTW, my PyQt version is 4.4.3 and I am working on Windows XP. Thanks, Bing

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• How to access GNU Xnee

  - by Gaurav Butola

  I have installed GNU Xnee (Gnee an OS X automator alternative) from the Software Centre but now I cant find it anywhere in the menus. Here is the output when I run gnee in the terminal gaurav@gaurav-HCL-ME-Laptop:~$ gnee (gnee:6864): Gtk-WARNING **: GtkSpinButton: setting an adjustment with non-zero page size is deprecated (gnee:6864): Gtk-WARNING **: GtkSpinButton: setting an adjustment with non-zero page size is deprecated (gnee:6864): Gtk-WARNING **: GtkSpinButton: setting an adjustment with non-zero page size is deprecated (gnee:6864): Gtk-WARNING **: GtkSpinButton: setting an adjustment with non-zero page size is deprecated (gnee:6864): Gtk-WARNING **: GtkSpinButton: setting an adjustment with non-zero page size is deprecated (gnee:6864): Gtk-WARNING **: GtkSpinButton: setting an adjustment with non-zero page size is deprecated (gnee:6864): Gtk-WARNING **: GtkSpinButton: setting an adjustment with non-zero page size is deprecated (gnee:6864): Gtk-WARNING **: GtkSpinButton: setting an adjustment with non-zero page size is deprecated (gnee:6864): Gtk-WARNING **: GtkSpinButton: setting an adjustment with non-zero page size is deprecated (gnee:6864): Gtk-WARNING **: GtkSpinButton: setting an adjustment with non-zero page size is deprecated *** glibc detected *** gnee: free(): invalid next size (fast): 0x08afb638 *** ======= Backtrace: ========= /lib/libc.so.6(+0x6c501)[0x53de501] /lib/libc.so.6(+0x6dd70)[0x53dfd70] /lib/libc.so.6(cfree+0x6d)[0x53e2e5d] gnee[0x804c9f5] /lib/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0xe7)[0x5388ce7] gnee[0x804c571] ======= Memory map: ======== 00110000-00112000 r-xp 00000000 08:01 2755679 /usr/lib/libgmodule-2.0.so.0.2600.0 00112000-00113000 r--p 00002000 08:01 2755679 /usr/lib/libgmodule-2.0.so.0.2600.0 00113000-00114000 rw-p 00003000 08:01 2755679 /usr/lib/libgmodule-2.0.so.0.2600.0 00116000-0011a000 r-xp 00000000 08:01 2755370 /usr/lib/libXtst.so.6.1.0 0011a000-0011b000 r--p 00003000 08:01 2755370 /usr/lib/libXtst.so.6.1.0 0011b000-0011c000 rw-p 00004000 08:01 2755370 /usr/lib/libXtst.so.6.1.0 0011c000-00176000 r-xp 00000000 08:01 2755432 /usr/lib/libbonoboui-2.so.0.0.0 00176000-00177000 r--p 00059000 08:01 2755432 /usr/lib/libbonoboui-2.so.0.0.0 00177000-00179000 rw-p 0005a000 08:01 2755432 /usr/lib/libbonoboui-2.so.0.0.0 00179000-001c8000 r-xp 00000000 08:01 2755428 /usr/lib/libbonobo-2.so.0.0.0 001c8000-001c9000 ---p 0004f000 08:01 2755428 /usr/lib/libbonobo-2.so.0.0.0 001c9000-001cc000 r--p 0004f000 08:01 2755428 /usr/lib/libbonobo-2.so.0.0.0 001cc000-001d3000 rw-p 00052000 08:01 2755428 /usr/lib/libbonobo-2.so.0.0.0 001d3000-00200000 r-xp 00000000 08:01 2754521 /usr/lib/libgconf-2.so.4.1.5 00200000-00201000 ---p 0002d000 08:01 2754521 /usr/lib/libgconf-2.so.4.1.5 00201000-00202000 r--p 0002d000 08:01 2754521 /usr/lib/libgconf-2.so.4.1.5 00202000-00204000 rw-p 0002e000 08:01 2754521 /usr/lib/libgconf-2.so.4.1.5 00204000-0021c000 r-xp 00000000 08:01 2755405 /usr/lib/libatk-1.0.so.0.3209.1 0021c000-0021d000 ---p 00018000 08:01 2755405 /usr/lib/libatk-1.0.so.0.3209.1 0021d000-0021e000 r--p 00018000 08:01 2755405 /usr/lib/libatk-1.0.so.0.3209.1 0021e000-0021f000 rw-p 00019000 08:01 2755405 /usr/lib/libatk-1.0.so.0.3209.1 0021f000-00243000 r-xp 00000000 08:01 2756035 /usr/lib/libpangoft2-1.0.so.0.2800.1 00243000-00244000 r--p 00023000 08:01 2756035 /usr/lib/libpangoft2-1.0.so.0.2800.1 00244000-00245000 rw-p 00024000 08:01 2756035 /usr/lib/libpangoft2-1.0.so.0.2800.1 00245000-00248000 r-xp 00000000 08:01 393403 /lib/libuuid.so.1.3.0 00248000-00249000 r--p 00002000 08:01 393403 /lib/libuuid.so.1.3.0 00249000-0024a000 rw-p 00003000 08:01 393403 /lib/libuuid.so.1.3.0 0024a000-0024c000 r-xp 00000000 08:01 2755415 /usr/lib/libavahi-glib.so.1.0.2 0024c000-0024d000 r--p 00001000 08:01 2755415 /usr/lib/libavahi-glib.so.1.0.2 0024d000-0024e000 rw-p 00002000 08:01 2755415 /usr/lib/libavahi-glib.so.1.0.2 0024e000-00250000 r-xp 00000000 08:01 393661 /lib/libutil-2.12.1.so 00250000-00251000 r--p 00001000 08:01 393661 /lib/libutil-2.12.1.so 00251000-00252000 rw-p 00002000 08:01 393661 /lib/libutil-2.12.1.so 00254000-00255000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0 [vdso] 00255000-0026c000 r-xp 00000000 08:01 2755647 /usr/lib/libgdk_pixbuf-2.0.so.0.2200.0 0026c000-0026d000 r--p 00017000 08:01 2755647 /usr/lib/libgdk_pixbuf-2.0.so.0.2200.0 0026d000-0026e000 rw-p 00018000 08:01 2755647 /usr/lib/libgdk_pixbuf-2.0.so.0.2200.0 0026e000-002ad000 r-xp 00000000 08:01 2756031 /usr/lib/libpango-1.0.so.0.2800.1 002ad000-002ae000 ---p 0003f000 08:01 2756031 /usr/lib/libpango-1.0.so.0.2800.1 002ae000-002af000 r--p 0003f000 08:01 2756031 /usr/lib/libpango-1.0.so.0.2800.1 002af000-002b0000 rw-p 00040000 08:01 2756031 /usr/lib/libpango-1.0.so.0.2800.1 002b0000-002be000 r-xp 00000000 08:01 2755342 /usr/lib/libXext.so.6.4.0 002be000-002bf000 r--p 0000d000 08:01 2755342 /usr/lib/libXext.so.6.4.0 002bf000-002c0000 rw-p 0000e000 08:01 2755342 /usr/lib/libXext.so.6.4.0 002c0000-002c4000 r-xp 00000000 08:01 2755317 /usr/lib/libORBitCosNaming-2.so.0.1.0 002c4000-002c5000 r--p 00003000 08:01 2755317 /usr/lib/libORBitCosNaming-2.so.0.1.0 002c5000-002c6000 rw-p 00004000 08:01 2755317 /usr/lib/libORBitCosNaming-2.so.0.1.0 002c7000-002d9000 r-xp 00000000 08:01 2755430 /usr/lib/libbonobo-activation.so.4.0.0 002d9000-002da000 r--p 00012000 08:01 2755430 /usr/lib/libbonobo-activation.so.4.0.0 002da000-002db000 rw-p 00013000 08:01 2755430 /usr/lib/libbonobo-activation.so.4.0.0 002db000-002dc000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 002dc000-00370000 r-xp 00000000 08:01 2755645 /usr/lib/libgdk-x11-2.0.so.0.2200.0 00370000-00372000 r--p 00094000 08:01 2755645 /usr/lib/libgdk-x11-2.0.so.0.2200.0 00372000-00373000 rw-p 00096000 08:01 2755645 /usr/lib/libgdk-x11-2.0.so.0.2200.0 00373000-0038d000 r-xp 00000000 08:01 2755689 /usr/lib/libgnome-keyring.so.0.1.1 0038d000-0038e000 r--p 00019000 08:01 2755689 /usr/lib/libgnome-keyring.so.0.1.1 0038e000-0038f000 rw-p 0001a000 08:01 2755689 /usr/lib/libgnome-keyring.so.0.1.1 0038f000-00395000 r-xp 00000000 08:01 2755619 /usr/lib/libgailutil.so.18.0.1 00395000-00396000 r--p 00005000 08:01 2755619 /usr/lib/libgailutil.so.18.0.1 00396000-00397000 rw-p 00006000 08:01 2755619 /usr/lib/libgailutil.so.18.0.1 00397000-003ac000 r-xp 00000000 08:01 2755300 /usr/lib/libICE.so.6.3.0 003ac000-003ad000 r--p 00014000 08:01 2755300 /usr/lib/libICE.so.6.3.0 003ad000-003ae000 rw-p 00015000 08:01 2755300 /usr/lib/libICE.so.6.3.0 003ae000-003b0000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 003b0000-003f0000 r-xp 00000000 08:01 2755715 /usr/lib/libgobject-2.0.so.0.2600.0 003f0000-003f1000 r--p 00040000 08:01 2755715 /usr/lib/libgobject-2.0.so.0.2600.0 003f1000-003f2000 rw-p 00041000 08:01 2755715 /usr/lib/libgobject-2.0.so.0.2600.0 003f2000-0040f000 r-xp 00000000 08:01 2755524 /usr/lib/libdbus-glib-1.so.2.1.0 0040f000-00410000 r--p 0001c000 08:01 2755524 /usr/lib/libdbus-glib-1.so.2.1.0 00410000-00411000 rw-p 0001d000 08:01 2755524 /usr/lib/libdbus-glib-1.so.2.1.0 00411000-00413000 r-xp 00000000 08:01 2755352 /usr/lib/libXinerama.so.1.0.0 00413000-00414000 r--p 00001000 08:01 2755352 /usr/lib/libXinerama.so.1.0.0 00414000-00415000 rw-p 00002000 08:01 2755352 /usr/lib/libXinerama.so.1.0.0 00416000-0045f000 r-xp 00000000 08:01 2755313 /usr/lib/libORBit-2.so.0.1.0 0045f000-00467000 r--p 00049000 08:01 2755313 /usr/lib/libORBit-2.so.0.1.0 00467000-00469000 rw-p 00051000 08:01 2755313 /usr/lib/libORBit-2.so.0.1.0 00469000-00551000 r-xp 00000000 08:01 2755661 /usr/lib/libgio-2.0.so.0.2600.0 00551000-00553000 r--p 000e7000 08:01 2755661 /usr/lib/libgio-2.0.so.0.2600.0 00553000-00554000 rw-p 000e9000 08:01 2755661 /usr/lib/libgio-2.0.so.0.2600.0 00554000-00555000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 00555000-00578000 r-xp 00000000 08:01 393365 /lib/libpng12.so.0.44.0 00578000-00579000 r--p 00022000 08:01 393365 /lib/libpng12.so.0.44.0 00579000-0057a000 rw-p 00023000 08:01 393365 /lib/libpng12.so.0.44.0 0057d000-0057f000 r-xp 00000000 08:01 393656 /lib/libdl-2.12.1.so 0057f000-00580000 r--p 00001000 08:01 393656 /lib/libdl-2.12.1.soAborted

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• Microphone not capturing sound on 12.04 Lenovo G580

  - by Yam Marcovic

  In both Skype and the Sound Recorder application, I am not capturing any audio from my built-in microphone. I'm not sure why. Otherwise, sound output is working well. I have tried running gstreamer-properties and setting the Default Input plugin to PulseAUdio as well (to match the output), and it didn't help. I have tried running alsamixer -V all and I only get 2 input-related entries: Capture(L R) which is on 100 and not muted (can't be either), and Analog Mic Boost which is on 20db. Extra info: Camera (video) is working well on Skype and Kamerka. Can you please help me get my microphone to work? lspci: 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Ivy Bridge DRAM Controller (rev 09) Subsystem: Lenovo Device 3977 Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx- Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B+ ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort+ >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Latency: 0 Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: agpgart-intel 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Ivy Bridge Graphics Controller (rev 09) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller]) Subsystem: Lenovo Device 3977 Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx+ Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B+ ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Latency: 0 Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 42 Region 0: Memory at e0000000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=4M] Region 2: Memory at d0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=256M] Region 4: I/O ports at 3000 [size=64] Expansion ROM at <unassigned> [disabled] Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: i915 Kernel modules: i915 00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB xHCI Host Controller (rev 04) (prog-if 30 [XHCI]) Subsystem: Lenovo Device 3977 Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx+ Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B+ ParErr- DEVSEL=medium >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Latency: 0 Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 41 Region 0: Memory at e0600000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=64K] Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: xhci_hcd 00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point MEI Controller #1 (rev 04) Subsystem: Lenovo Device 3977 Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx+ Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Latency: 0 Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 43 Region 0: Memory at e0614000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16] Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: mei Kernel modules: mei 00:1a.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #2 (rev 04) (prog-if 20 [EHCI]) Subsystem: Lenovo Device 3977 Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx- Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B+ ParErr- DEVSEL=medium >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Latency: 0 Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 16 Region 0: Memory at e0619000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=1K] Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: ehci_hcd 00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation Panther Point High Definition Audio Controller (rev 04) Subsystem: Lenovo Device 3977 Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx+ Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Latency: 0, Cache Line Size: 64 bytes Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 44 Region 0: Memory at e0610000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K] Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: snd_hda_intel Kernel modules: snd-hda-intel 00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev c4) (prog-if 00 [Normal decode]) Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx- Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Latency: 0, Cache Line Size: 64 bytes Bus: primary=00, secondary=01, subordinate=01, sec-latency=0 I/O behind bridge: 00002000-00002fff Memory behind bridge: e0500000-e05fffff Secondary status: 66MHz- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- <SERR- <PERR- BridgeCtl: Parity- SERR- NoISA- VGA- MAbort- >Reset- FastB2B- PriDiscTmr- SecDiscTmr- DiscTmrStat- DiscTmrSERREn- Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: pcieport Kernel modules: shpchp 00:1c.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 2 (rev c4) (prog-if 00 [Normal decode]) Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx- Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Latency: 0, Cache Line Size: 64 bytes Bus: primary=00, secondary=02, subordinate=02, sec-latency=0 Memory behind bridge: e0400000-e04fffff Secondary status: 66MHz- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- <SERR- <PERR- BridgeCtl: Parity- SERR- NoISA- VGA- MAbort- >Reset- FastB2B- PriDiscTmr- SecDiscTmr- DiscTmrStat- DiscTmrSERREn- Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: pcieport Kernel modules: shpchp 00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #1 (rev 04) (prog-if 20 [EHCI]) Subsystem: Lenovo Device 3977 Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx- Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B+ ParErr- DEVSEL=medium >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Latency: 0 Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 23 Region 0: Memory at e0618000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=1K] Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: ehci_hcd 00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point LPC Controller (rev 04) Subsystem: Lenovo Device 3977 Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx- Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=medium >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Latency: 0 Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel modules: iTCO_wdt 00:1f.2 SATA controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point 6 port SATA Controller [AHCI mode] (rev 04) (prog-if 01 [AHCI 1.0]) Subsystem: Lenovo Device 3977 Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx+ Status: Cap+ 66MHz+ UDF- FastB2B+ ParErr- DEVSEL=medium >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Latency: 0 Interrupt: pin B routed to IRQ 40 Region 0: I/O ports at 3088 [size=8] Region 1: I/O ports at 3094 [size=4] Region 2: I/O ports at 3080 [size=8] Region 3: I/O ports at 3090 [size=4] Region 4: I/O ports at 3060 [size=32] Region 5: Memory at e0617000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=2K] Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: ahci 00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation Panther Point SMBus Controller (rev 04) Subsystem: Lenovo Device 3977 Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster- SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx- Status: Cap- 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B+ ParErr- DEVSEL=medium >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Interrupt: pin C routed to IRQ 10 Region 0: Memory at e0615000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=256] Region 4: I/O ports at 3040 [size=32] Kernel modules: i2c-i801 01:00.0 Ethernet controller: Atheros Communications Inc. AR8162 Fast Ethernet (rev 08) Subsystem: Lenovo Device 3979 Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx- Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Latency: 0, Cache Line Size: 64 bytes Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 11 Region 0: Memory at e0500000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=256K] Region 2: I/O ports at 2000 [size=128] Capabilities: <access denied> 02:00.0 Network controller: Atheros Communications Inc. AR9285 Wireless Network Adapter (PCI-Express) (rev 01) Subsystem: Lenovo Device 31a1 Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx- Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Latency: 0, Cache Line Size: 64 bytes Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 17 Region 0: Memory at e0400000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=64K] Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: ath9k Kernel modules: ath9k aplay -l **** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices **** card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 0: CONEXANT Analog [CONEXANT Analog] Subdevices: 1/1 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0 card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 3: HDMI 0 [HDMI 0] Subdevices: 1/1 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0

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• What's up with LDoms: Part 5 - A few Words about Consoles

  - by Stefan Hinker

  Back again to look at a detail of LDom configuration that is often forgotten - the virtual console server. Remember, LDoms are SPARC systems.  As such, each guest will have it's own OBP running.  And to connect to that OBP, the administrator will need a console connection.  Since it's OBP, and not some x86 BIOS, this console will be very serial in nature ;-)  It's really very much like in the good old days, where we had a terminal concentrator where all those serial cables ended up in.  Just like with other components in LDoms, the virtualized solution looks very similar. Every LDom guest requires exactly one console connection.  Envision this similar to the RS-232 port on older SPARC systems.  The LDom framework provides one or more console services that provide access to these connections.  This would be the virtual equivalent of a network terminal server (NTS), where all those serial cables are plugged in.  In the physical world, we'd have a list somewhere, that would tell us which TCP-Port of the NTS was connected to which server.  "ldm list" does just that: root@sun # ldm list NAME STATE FLAGS CONS VCPU MEMORY UTIL UPTIME primary active -n-cv- UART 16 7680M 0.4% 27d 8h 22m jupiter bound ------ 5002 20 8G mars active -n---- 5000 2 8G 0.5% 55d 14h 10m venus active -n---- 5001 2 8G 0.5% 56d 40m pluto inactive ------ 4 4G The column marked "CONS" tells us, where to reach the console of each domain. In the case of the primary domain, this is actually a (more) physical connection - it's the console connection of the physical system, which is either reachable via the ILOM of that system, or directly via the serial console port on the chassis. All the other guests are reachable through the console service which we created during the inital setup of the system.  Note that pluto does not have a port assigned.  This is because pluto is not yet bound.  (Binding can be viewed very much as the assembly of computer parts - CPU, Memory, disks, network adapters and a serial console cable are all put together when binding the domain.)  Unless we set the port number explicitly, LDoms Manager will do this on a first come, first serve basis.  For just a few domains, this is fine.  For larger deployments, it might be a good idea to assign these port numbers manually using the "ldm set-vcons" command.  However, there is even better magic associated with virtual consoles. You can group several domains into one console group, reachable through one TCP port of the console service.  This can be useful when several groups of administrators are to be given access to different domains, or for other grouping reasons.  Here's an example: root@sun # ldm set-vcons group=planets service=console jupiter root@sun # ldm set-vcons group=planets service=console pluto root@sun # ldm bind jupiter root@sun # ldm bind pluto root@sun # ldm list NAME STATE FLAGS CONS VCPU MEMORY UTIL UPTIME primary active -n-cv- UART 16 7680M 6.1% 27d 8h 24m jupiter bound ------ 5002 200 8G mars active -n---- 5000 2 8G 0.6% 55d 14h 12m pluto bound ------ 5002 4 4G venus active -n---- 5001 2 8G 0.5% 56d 42m root@sun # telnet localhost 5002 Trying 127.0.0.1... Connected to localhost. Escape character is '^]'. sun-vnts-planets: h, l, c{id}, n{name}, q:l DOMAIN ID DOMAIN NAME DOMAIN STATE 2 jupiter online 3 pluto online sun-vnts-planets: h, l, c{id}, n{name}, q:npluto Connecting to console "pluto" in group "planets" .... Press ~? for control options .. What I did here was add the two domains pluto and jupiter to a new console group called "planets" on the service "console" running in the primary domain.  Simply using a group name will create such a group, if it doesn't already exist.  By default, each domain has its own group, using the domain name as the group name.  The group will be available on port 5002, chosen by LDoms Manager because I didn't specify it.  If I connect to that console group, I will now first be prompted to choose the domain I want to connect to from a little menu. Finally, here's an example how to assign port numbers explicitly: root@sun # ldm set-vcons port=5044 group=pluto service=console pluto root@sun # ldm bind pluto root@sun # ldm list NAME STATE FLAGS CONS VCPU MEMORY UTIL UPTIME primary active -n-cv- UART 16 7680M 3.8% 27d 8h 54m jupiter active -t---- 5002 200 8G 0.5% 30m mars active -n---- 5000 2 8G 0.6% 55d 14h 43m pluto bound ------ 5044 4 4G venus active -n---- 5001 2 8G 0.4% 56d 1h 13m With this, pluto would always be reachable on port 5044 in its own exclusive console group, no matter in which order other domains are bound. Now, you might be wondering why we always have to mention the console service name, "console" in all the examples here.  The simple answer is because there could be more than one such console service.  For all "normal" use, a single console service is absolutely sufficient.  But the system is flexible enough to allow more than that single one, should you need them.  In fact, you could even configure such a console service on a domain other than the primary (or control domain), which would make that domain a real console server.  I actually have a customer who does just that - they want to separate console access from the control domain functionality.  But this is definately a rather sophisticated setup. Something I don't want to go into in this post is access control.  vntsd, which is the daemon providing all these console services, is fully RBAC-aware, and you can configure authorizations for individual users to connect to console groups or individual domain's consoles.  If you can't wait until I get around to security, check out the man page of vntsd. Further reading: The Admin Guide is rather reserved on this subject.  I do recommend to check out the Reference Manual. The manpage for vntsd will discuss all the control sequences as well as the grouping and authorizations mentioned here.

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• GRUB-2 Bootloader fails to load for lack of floppy drive. Ubuntu 10.4 & Windows XP

  - by kammer

  2010.07.21 while trying to install Ubuntu 10.4 Hello all, I've been trying to install Ubuntu 10.04 on my Dell workstation and am unable to get the Grub-2 bootloader to load properly. It seems to be failing for lack of a floppy drive on the system resulting in an error message that reads : error: fd0 cannot get C/H/S values. I've gone through the Grub-2 page at https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2 to no avail and other sources having similar problems have likewise turned up no solutions. I would certainly appreciate any insight, here's the background: A while back I was trying to install a different version of Linux and had the same problems, then had to set the project aside for a bit. I don't think this has anything to do with Linux or Ubuntu per se, but rather Grub. The system is an old (4-5 years) Dell workstation that has one drive (128 GB) set up for Windows XP and a second new drive (500GB) which I installed for Linux. There is a DVD/CD drive and the system contains no floppy drive at all. In one attempt to get this working I tried modifying the BIOS to indicate there was a floppy drive - this created a failure earlier in the chain with the BIOS failing to load properly, not unexpected, just a shot in the dark at that point. At the moment I am considering just running out to buy and install a cheap floppy drive to see if that helps. I'll never use the thing though so I'd rather find a solution that doesn't require me to spend money on useless hardware. In any case, here's the /boot/grub/grub.cfg contents: # # DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE # # It is automatically generated by /usr/sbin/grub-mkconfig using templates # from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub # ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ### if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then load_env fi set default="0" if [ ${prev_saved_entry} ]; then set saved_entry=${prev_saved_entry} save_env saved_entry set prev_saved_entry= save_env prev_saved_entry set boot_once=true fi function savedefault { if [ -z ${boot_once} ]; then saved_entry=${chosen} save_env saved_entry fi } function recordfail { set recordfail=1 if [ -n ${have_grubenv} ]; then if [ -z ${boot_once} ]; then save_env recordfail; fi; fi } insmod ext2 set root='(hd1,1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set fbebde47-f488-41b0-9480-337802ecb988 if loadfont /usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2 ; then set gfxmode=640x480 insmod gfxterm insmod vbe if terminal_output gfxterm ; then true ; else # For backward compatibility with versions of terminal.mod that don't # understand terminal_output terminal gfxterm fi fi insmod ext2 set root='(hd1,1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set fbebde47-f488-41b0-9480-337802ecb988 set locale_dir=($root)/boot/grub/locale set lang=en insmod gettext if [ ${recordfail} = 1 ]; then set timeout=-1 else set timeout=10 fi insmod play play 480 440 1 ### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### set menu_color_normal=white/black set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray ### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-21-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail insmod ext2 set root='(hd1,1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set fbebde47-f488-41b0-9480-337802ecb988 linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-21-generic root=UUID=fbebde47-f488-41b0-9480-337802ecb988 ro quiet splash initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-21-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-21-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail insmod ext2 set root='(hd1,1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set fbebde47-f488-41b0-9480-337802ecb988 echo 'Loading Linux 2.6.32-21-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-21-generic root=UUID=fbebde47-f488-41b0-9480-337802ecb988 ro single echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-21-generic } ### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+)" { insmod ext2 set root='(hd1,1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set fbebde47-f488-41b0-9480-337802ecb988 linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin } menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)" { insmod ext2 set root='(hd1,1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set fbebde47-f488-41b0-9480-337802ecb988 linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin console=ttyS0,115200n8 } ### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### menuentry "Microsoft Windows XP Home Edition (on /dev/sda1)" { insmod ntfs set root='(hd0,1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set 6ef0d4b4f0d4842d drivemap -s (hd0) ${root} chainloader +1 } ### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### # This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the # menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change # the 'exec tail' line above. ### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### Thoughts anyone? Thanks in advance.

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• Is it possible to export Windows event logs from multiple servers to a non-windows host, without running event manager on each of the Windows servers?

  - by Taylor Matyasz

  I want to export event logs from Windows to a non-Windows host. I was considering using Logstash, but that would seem to require that I install and run Logstash on each server. Is it possible to do this without having to run it on all of the servers? I am hoping to be able to consolidate all of the information from different servers to make searching and reporting much easier. If not, what would you recommend is the best way to export to a non-Windows host in real time? Thank you.

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• Possible to set two values for two different nodes from user input in XForms?

  - by iHeartGreek

  Hi! I would like to set two values for two different nodes from user input in XForms. I am curious about how this is done, if at all possible. For example, if I have the following data model: <xf:instance id="criteria_data" xmlns=""> <criteria> <set> <root></root> <criterion></criterion> </set> </criteria> </xf:instance> <xf:instance id="choices" xmlns=""> <choices> <root label="The Choices">/AAA</root> <choice label="BBB">/@BBB</choice> </choices> </xf:instance> <xf:instance id="choices" xmlns=""> <choices> <root>/AAA</root> <choice label="BBB">/@BBB</choice> <choice label="CCC">/@CCC</choice> <choices> </xf:instance> <xf:bind id="data_criterion" nodeset="instance('criteria_data')/criteria/set/criterion"/> <xf:bind id="data_root" nodeset="instance('criteria_data')/criteria/set/root"/> <xf:bind id="choices_root" nodeset="instance('choices')/root"/> <xf:bind id="choices" nodeset="instance('choices')/choice"/> and my ui code looks like: <xf:select bind="data_criterion" appearance="full"> <xf:label>Your choices:</xf:label> <xf:itemset bind="choices"> <xf:label ref="@label"></xf:label> <xf:value ref="."></xf:value> </xf:itemset> </xf:select> But I essentially want it to be like this (though this is invalid and does not produce any xml at all): <xf:select appearance="full"> <xf:label>Your choices:</xf:label> <xf:itemset bind="choices"> <xf:label ref="@label"></xf:label> <xf:value bind="data_criterion" ref="."></xf:value> <xf:value bind="data_root" ref="instance('choices')/root"></xf:value> </xf:itemset> </xf:select> The XML output I want to achieve (if user checks "BBB"): <criteria> <set> <root>/AAA</root> <criterion>/@BBB</criterion> </set> </criteria> How can I achieve setting these two nodes for the one checkbox seletion? Hope that all made sense... Thanks! :)

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• Using FiddlerCore to capture HTTP Requests with .NET

  - by Rick Strahl

  Over the last few weeks I’ve been working on my Web load testing utility West Wind WebSurge. One of the key components of a load testing tool is the ability to capture URLs effectively so that you can play them back later under load. One of the options in WebSurge for capturing URLs is to use its built-in capture tool which acts as an HTTP proxy to capture any HTTP and HTTPS traffic from most Windows HTTP clients, including Web Browsers as well as standalone Windows applications and services. To make this happen, I used Eric Lawrence’s awesome FiddlerCore library, which provides most of the functionality of his desktop Fiddler application, all rolled into an easy to use library that you can plug into your own applications. FiddlerCore makes it almost too easy to capture HTTP content! For WebSurge I needed to capture all HTTP traffic in order to capture the full HTTP request – URL, headers and any content posted by the client. The result of what I ended up creating is this semi-generic capture form: In this post I’m going to demonstrate how easy it is to use FiddlerCore to build this HTTP Capture Form.  If you want to jump right in here are the links to get Telerik’s Fiddler Core and the code for the demo provided here. FiddlerCore Download FiddlerCore on NuGet Show me the Code (WebSurge Integration code from GitHub) Download the WinForms Sample Form West Wind Web Surge (example implementation in live app) Note that FiddlerCore is bound by a license for commercial usage – see license.txt in the FiddlerCore distribution for details. Integrating FiddlerCore FiddlerCore is a library that simply plugs into your application. You can download it from the Telerik site and manually add the assemblies to your project, or you can simply install the NuGet package via:       PM> Install-Package FiddlerCore The library consists of the FiddlerCore.dll as well as a couple of support libraries (CertMaker.dll and BCMakeCert.dll) that are used for installing SSL certificates. I’ll have more on SSL captures and certificate installation later in this post. But first let’s see how easy it is to use FiddlerCore to capture HTTP content by looking at how to build the above capture form. Capturing HTTP Content Once the library is installed it’s super easy to hook up Fiddler functionality. Fiddler includes a number of static class methods on the FiddlerApplication object that can be called to hook up callback events as well as actual start monitoring HTTP URLs. In the following code directly lifted from WebSurge, I configure a few filter options on Form level object, from the user inputs shown on the form by assigning it to a capture options object. In the live application these settings are persisted configuration values, but in the demo they are one time values initialized and set on the form. Once these options are set, I hook up the AfterSessionComplete event to capture every URL that passes through the proxy after the request is completed and start up the Proxy service:void Start() { if (tbIgnoreResources.Checked) CaptureConfiguration.IgnoreResources = true; else CaptureConfiguration.IgnoreResources = false; string strProcId = txtProcessId.Text; if (strProcId.Contains('-')) strProcId = strProcId.Substring(strProcId.IndexOf('-') + 1).Trim(); strProcId = strProcId.Trim(); int procId = 0; if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(strProcId)) { if (!int.TryParse(strProcId, out procId)) procId = 0; } CaptureConfiguration.ProcessId = procId; CaptureConfiguration.CaptureDomain = txtCaptureDomain.Text; FiddlerApplication.AfterSessionComplete += FiddlerApplication_AfterSessionComplete; FiddlerApplication.Startup(8888, true, true, true); } The key lines for FiddlerCore are just the last two lines of code that include the event hookup code as well as the Startup() method call. Here I only hook up to the AfterSessionComplete event but there are a number of other events that hook various stages of the HTTP request cycle you can also hook into. Other events include BeforeRequest, BeforeResponse, RequestHeadersAvailable, ResponseHeadersAvailable and so on. In my case I want to capture the request data and I actually have several options to capture this data. AfterSessionComplete is the last event that fires in the request sequence and it’s the most common choice to capture all request and response data. I could have used several other events, but AfterSessionComplete is one place where you can look both at the request and response data, so this will be the most common place to hook into if you’re capturing content. The implementation of AfterSessionComplete is responsible for capturing all HTTP request headers and it looks something like this:private void FiddlerApplication_AfterSessionComplete(Session sess) { // Ignore HTTPS connect requests if (sess.RequestMethod == "CONNECT") return; if (CaptureConfiguration.ProcessId > 0) { if (sess.LocalProcessID != 0 && sess.LocalProcessID != CaptureConfiguration.ProcessId) return; } if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(CaptureConfiguration.CaptureDomain)) { if (sess.hostname.ToLower() != CaptureConfiguration.CaptureDomain.Trim().ToLower()) return; } if (CaptureConfiguration.IgnoreResources) { string url = sess.fullUrl.ToLower(); var extensions = CaptureConfiguration.ExtensionFilterExclusions; foreach (var ext in extensions) { if (url.Contains(ext)) return; } var filters = CaptureConfiguration.UrlFilterExclusions; foreach (var urlFilter in filters) { if (url.Contains(urlFilter)) return; } } if (sess == null || sess.oRequest == null || sess.oRequest.headers == null) return; string headers = sess.oRequest.headers.ToString(); var reqBody = sess.GetRequestBodyAsString(); // if you wanted to capture the response //string respHeaders = session.oResponse.headers.ToString(); //var respBody = session.GetResponseBodyAsString(); // replace the HTTP line to inject full URL string firstLine = sess.RequestMethod + " " + sess.fullUrl + " " + sess.oRequest.headers.HTTPVersion; int at = headers.IndexOf("\r\n"); if (at < 0) return; headers = firstLine + "\r\n" + headers.Substring(at + 1); string output = headers + "\r\n" + (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(reqBody) ? reqBody + "\r\n" : string.Empty) + Separator + "\r\n\r\n"; BeginInvoke(new Action<string>((text) => { txtCapture.AppendText(text); UpdateButtonStatus(); }), output); } The code starts by filtering out some requests based on the CaptureOptions I set before the capture is started. These options/filters are applied when requests actually come in. This is very useful to help narrow down the requests that are captured for playback based on options the user picked. I find it useful to limit requests to a certain domain for captures, as well as filtering out some request types like static resources – images, css, scripts etc. This is of course optional, but I think it’s a common scenario and WebSurge makes good use of this feature. AfterSessionComplete like other FiddlerCore events, provides a Session object parameter which contains all the request and response details. There are oRequest and oResponse objects to hold their respective data. In my case I’m interested in the raw request headers and body only, as you can see in the commented code you can also retrieve the response headers and body. Here the code captures the request headers and body and simply appends the output to the textbox on the screen. Note that the Fiddler events are asynchronous, so in order to display the content in the UI they have to be marshaled back the UI thread with BeginInvoke, which here simply takes the generated headers and appends it to the existing textbox test on the form. As each request is processed, the headers are captured and appended to the bottom of the textbox resulting in a Session HTTP capture in the format that Web Surge internally supports, which is basically raw request headers with a customized 1st HTTP Header line that includes the full URL rather than a server relative URL. When the capture is done the user can either copy the raw HTTP session to the clipboard, or directly save it to file. This raw capture format is the same format WebSurge and also Fiddler use to import/export request data. While this code is application specific, it demonstrates the kind of logic that you can easily apply to the request capture process, which is one of the reasonsof why FiddlerCore is so powerful. You get to choose what content you want to look up as part of your own application logic and you can then decide how to capture or use that data as part of your application. The actual captured data in this case is only a string. The user can edit the data by hand or in the the case of WebSurge, save it to disk and automatically open the captured session as a new load test. Stopping the FiddlerCore Proxy Finally to stop capturing requests you simply disconnect the event handler and call the FiddlerApplication.ShutDown() method:void Stop() { FiddlerApplication.AfterSessionComplete -= FiddlerApplication_AfterSessionComplete; if (FiddlerApplication.IsStarted()) FiddlerApplication.Shutdown(); } As you can see, adding HTTP capture functionality to an application is very straight forward. FiddlerCore offers tons of features I’m not even touching on here – I suspect basic captures are the most common scenario, but a lot of different things can be done with FiddlerCore’s simple API interface. Sky’s the limit! The source code for this sample capture form (WinForms) is provided as part of this article. Adding Fiddler Certificates with FiddlerCore One of the sticking points in West Wind WebSurge has been that if you wanted to capture HTTPS/SSL traffic, you needed to have the full version of Fiddler and have HTTPS decryption enabled. Essentially you had to use Fiddler to configure HTTPS decryption and the associated installation of the Fiddler local client certificate that is used for local decryption of incoming SSL traffic. While this works just fine, requiring to have Fiddler installed and then using a separate application to configure the SSL functionality isn’t ideal. Fortunately FiddlerCore actually includes the tools to register the Fiddler Certificate directly using FiddlerCore. Why does Fiddler need a Certificate in the first Place? Fiddler and FiddlerCore are essentially HTTP proxies which means they inject themselves into the HTTP conversation by re-routing HTTP traffic to a special HTTP port (8888 by default for Fiddler) and then forward the HTTP data to the original client. Fiddler injects itself as the system proxy in using the WinInet Windows settings  which are the same settings that Internet Explorer uses and that are configured in the Windows and Internet Explorer Internet Settings dialog. Most HTTP clients running on Windows pick up and apply these system level Proxy settings before establishing new HTTP connections and that’s why most clients automatically work once Fiddler – or FiddlerCore/WebSurge are running. For plain HTTP requests this just works – Fiddler intercepts the HTTP requests on the proxy port and then forwards them to the original port (80 for HTTP and 443 for SSL typically but it could be any port). For SSL however, this is not quite as simple – Fiddler can easily act as an HTTPS/SSL client to capture inbound requests from the server, but when it forwards the request to the client it has to also act as an SSL server and provide a certificate that the client trusts. This won’t be the original certificate from the remote site, but rather a custom local certificate that effectively simulates an SSL connection between the proxy and the client. If there is no custom certificate configured for Fiddler the SSL request fails with a certificate validation error. The key for this to work is that a custom certificate has to be installed that the HTTPS client trusts on the local machine. For a much more detailed description of the process you can check out Eric Lawrence’s blog post on Certificates. If you’re using the desktop version of Fiddler you can install a local certificate into the Windows certificate store. Fiddler proper does this from the Options menu: This operation does several things: It installs the Fiddler Root Certificate It sets trust to this Root Certificate A new client certificate is generated for each HTTPS site monitored Certificate Installation with FiddlerCore You can also provide this same functionality using FiddlerCore which includes a CertMaker class. Using CertMaker is straight forward to use and it provides an easy way to create some simple helpers that can install and uninstall a Fiddler Root certificate:public static bool InstallCertificate() { if (!CertMaker.rootCertExists()) { if (!CertMaker.createRootCert()) return false; if (!CertMaker.trustRootCert()) return false; } return true; } public static bool UninstallCertificate() { if (CertMaker.rootCertExists()) { if (!CertMaker.removeFiddlerGeneratedCerts(true)) return false; } return true; } InstallCertificate() works by first checking whether the root certificate is already installed and if it isn’t goes ahead and creates a new one. The process of creating the certificate is a two step process – first the actual certificate is created and then it’s moved into the certificate store to become trusted. I’m not sure why you’d ever split these operations up since a cert created without trust isn’t going to be of much value, but there are two distinct steps. When you trigger the trustRootCert() method, a message box will pop up on the desktop that lets you know that you’re about to trust a local private certificate. This is a security feature to ensure that you really want to trust the Fiddler root since you are essentially installing a man in the middle certificate. It’s quite safe to use this generated root certificate, because it’s been specifically generated for your machine and thus is not usable from external sources, the only way to use this certificate in a trusted way is from the local machine. IOW, unless somebody has physical access to your machine, there’s no useful way to hijack this certificate and use it for nefarious purposes (see Eric’s post for more details). Once the Root certificate has been installed, FiddlerCore/Fiddler create new certificates for each site that is connected to with HTTPS. You can end up with quite a few temporary certificates in your certificate store. To uninstall you can either use Fiddler and simply uncheck the Decrypt HTTPS traffic option followed by the remove Fiddler certificates button, or you can use FiddlerCore’s CertMaker.removeFiddlerGeneratedCerts() which removes the root cert and any of the intermediary certificates Fiddler created. Keep in mind that when you uninstall you uninstall the certificate for both FiddlerCore and Fiddler, so use UninstallCertificate() with care and realize that you might affect the Fiddler application’s operation by doing so as well. When to check for an installed Certificate Note that the check to see if the root certificate exists is pretty fast, while the actual process of installing the certificate is a relatively slow operation that even on a fast machine takes a few seconds. Further the trust operation pops up a message box so you probably don’t want to install the certificate repeatedly. Since the check for the root certificate is fast, you can easily put a call to InstallCertificate() in any capture startup code – in which case the certificate installation only triggers when a certificate is in fact not installed. Personally I like to make certificate installation explicit – just like Fiddler does, so in WebSurge I use a small drop down option on the menu to install or uninstall the SSL certificate:   This code calls the InstallCertificate and UnInstallCertificate functions respectively – the experience with this is similar to what you get in Fiddler with the extra dialog box popping up to prompt confirmation for installation of the root certificate. Once the cert is installed you can then capture SSL requests. There’s a gotcha however… Gotcha: FiddlerCore Certificates don’t stick by Default When I originally tried to use the Fiddler certificate installation I ran into an odd problem. I was able to install the certificate and immediately after installation was able to capture HTTPS requests. Then I would exit the application and come back in and try the same HTTPS capture again and it would fail due to a missing certificate. CertMaker.rootCertExists() would return false after every restart and if re-installed the certificate a new certificate would get added to the certificate store resulting in a bunch of duplicated root certificates with different keys. What the heck? CertMaker and BcMakeCert create non-sticky CertificatesI turns out that FiddlerCore by default uses different components from what the full version of Fiddler uses. Fiddler uses a Windows utility called MakeCert.exe to create the Fiddler Root certificate. FiddlerCore however installs the CertMaker.dll and BCMakeCert.dll assemblies, which use a different crypto library (Bouncy Castle) for certificate creation than MakeCert.exe which uses the Windows Crypto API. The assemblies provide support for non-windows operation for Fiddler under Mono, as well as support for some non-Windows certificate platforms like iOS and Android for decryption. The bottom line is that the FiddlerCore provided bouncy castle assemblies are not sticky by default as the certificates created with them are not cached as they are in Fiddler proper. To get certificates to ‘stick’ you have to explicitly cache the certificates in Fiddler’s internal preferences. A cache aware version of InstallCertificate looks something like this:public static bool InstallCertificate() { if (!CertMaker.rootCertExists()) { if (!CertMaker.createRootCert()) return false; if (!CertMaker.trustRootCert()) return false; App.Configuration.UrlCapture.Cert = FiddlerApplication.Prefs.GetStringPref("fiddler.certmaker.bc.cert", null); App.Configuration.UrlCapture.Key = FiddlerApplication.Prefs.GetStringPref("fiddler.certmaker.bc.key", null); } return true; } public static bool UninstallCertificate() { if (CertMaker.rootCertExists()) { if (!CertMaker.removeFiddlerGeneratedCerts(true)) return false; } App.Configuration.UrlCapture.Cert = null; App.Configuration.UrlCapture.Key = null; return true; } In this code I store the Fiddler cert and private key in an application configuration settings that’s stored with the application settings (App.Configuration.UrlCapture object). These settings automatically persist when WebSurge is shut down. The values are read out of Fiddler’s internal preferences store which is set after a new certificate has been created. Likewise I clear out the configuration settings when the certificate is uninstalled. In order for these setting to be used you have to also load the configuration settings into the Fiddler preferences *before* a call to rootCertExists() is made. I do this in the capture form’s constructor:public FiddlerCapture(StressTestForm form) { InitializeComponent(); CaptureConfiguration = App.Configuration.UrlCapture; MainForm = form; if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(App.Configuration.UrlCapture.Cert)) { FiddlerApplication.Prefs.SetStringPref("fiddler.certmaker.bc.key", App.Configuration.UrlCapture.Key); FiddlerApplication.Prefs.SetStringPref("fiddler.certmaker.bc.cert", App.Configuration.UrlCapture.Cert); }} This is kind of a drag to do and not documented anywhere that I could find, so hopefully this will save you some grief if you want to work with the stock certificate logic that installs with FiddlerCore. MakeCert provides sticky Certificates and the same functionality as Fiddler But there’s actually an easier way. If you want to skip the above Fiddler preference configuration code in your application you can choose to distribute MakeCert.exe instead of certmaker.dll and bcmakecert.dll. When you use MakeCert.exe, the certificates settings are stored in Windows so they are available without any custom configuration inside of your application. It’s easier to integrate and as long as you run on Windows and you don’t need to support iOS or Android devices is simply easier to deal with. To integrate into your project, you can remove the reference to CertMaker.dll (and the BcMakeCert.dll assembly) from your project. Instead copy MakeCert.exe into your output folder. To make sure MakeCert.exe gets pushed out, include MakeCert.exe in your project and set the Build Action to None, and Copy to Output Directory to Copy if newer. Note that the CertMaker.dll reference in the project has been removed and on disk the files for Certmaker.dll, as well as the BCMakeCert.dll files on disk. Keep in mind that these DLLs are resources of the FiddlerCore NuGet package, so updating the package may end up pushing those files back into your project. Once MakeCert.exe is distributed FiddlerCore checks for it first before using the assemblies so as long as MakeCert.exe exists it’ll be used for certificate creation (at least on Windows). Summary FiddlerCore is a pretty sweet tool, and it’s absolutely awesome that we get to plug in most of the functionality of Fiddler right into our own applications. A few years back I tried to build this sort of functionality myself for an app and ended up giving up because it’s a big job to get HTTP right – especially if you need to support SSL. FiddlerCore now provides that functionality as a turnkey solution that can be plugged into your own apps easily. The only downside is FiddlerCore’s documentation for more advanced features like certificate installation which is pretty sketchy. While for the most part FiddlerCore’s feature set is easy to work with without any documentation, advanced features are often not intuitive to gleam by just using Intellisense or the FiddlerCore help file reference (which is not terribly useful). While Eric Lawrence is very responsive on his forum and on Twitter, there simply isn’t much useful documentation on Fiddler/FiddlerCore available online. If you run into trouble the forum is probably the first place to look and then ask a question if you can’t find the answer. The best documentation you can find is Eric’s Fiddler Book which covers a ton of functionality of Fiddler and FiddlerCore. The book is a great reference to Fiddler’s feature set as well as providing great insights into the HTTP protocol. The second half of the book that gets into the innards of HTTP is an excellent read for anybody who wants to know more about some of the more arcane aspects and special behaviors of HTTP – it’s well worth the read. While the book has tons of information in a very readable format, it’s unfortunately not a great reference as it’s hard to find things in the book and because it’s not available online you can’t electronically search for the great content in it. But it’s hard to complain about any of this given the obvious effort and love that’s gone into this awesome product for all of these years. A mighty big thanks to Eric Lawrence  for having created this useful tool that so many of us use all the time, and also to Telerik for picking up Fiddler/FiddlerCore and providing Eric the resources to support and improve this wonderful tool full time and keeping it free for all. Kudos! Resources FiddlerCore Download FiddlerCore NuGet Fiddler Capture Sample Form Fiddler Capture Form in West Wind WebSurge (GitHub) Eric Lawrence’s Fiddler Book© Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2014Posted in .NET  HTTP   Tweet !function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js";fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document,"script","twitter-wjs"); (function() { var po = document.createElement('script'); po.type = 'text/javascript'; po.async = true; po.src = 'https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(po, s); })();

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• "domain crashed" when creating new Xen instance

  - by user47650

  I have downloaded a Xen virtual machine image from the appscale project, and I am trying to start it up. However once I run the command; xm create -c -f xen.conf The instance immediately crashes and provides no console output. however it produces logs that I have posted below. but this is the error; [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] WARNING (XendDomainInfo:1178) Domain has crashed: name=appscale-1.4b id=10. I have managed to mount the root.img file locally and verify that it is actually an ext3 file system. I am running Xen 3.0.3 that is a stock RPM from the CentOS 5 repos; # rpm -qa | grep -i xen xen-libs-3.0.3-105.el5_5.5 xen-3.0.3-105.el5_5.5 xen-libs-3.0.3-105.el5_5.5 kernel-xen-2.6.18-194.32.1.el5 any suggestions on how to proceed with troubleshooting? (i am a newbie to Xen) so far I have enabled console logging, but the log file is empty. ==> domain-builder-ng.log <== xc_dom_allocate: cmdline=" ip=:1.2.3.4::::eth0:dhcp root=/dev/sda1 ro xencons=tty console=tty1 console=hvc0 debugger=y debug=y sync_console", features="" xc_dom_kernel_file: filename="/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.27-7-server" xc_dom_malloc_filemap : 2284 kB xc_dom_ramdisk_file: filename="/boot/initrd.img-2.6.27-7-server" xc_dom_malloc_filemap : 9005 kB xc_dom_boot_xen_init: ver 3.1, caps xen-3.0-x86_64 xen-3.0-x86_32p xc_dom_parse_image: called xc_dom_find_loader: trying ELF-generic loader ... failed xc_dom_find_loader: trying Linux bzImage loader ... xc_dom_malloc : 9875 kB xc_dom_do_gunzip: unzip ok, 0x234bb2 -> 0x9a4de0 OK elf_parse_binary: phdr: paddr=0x200000 memsz=0x447000 elf_parse_binary: phdr: paddr=0x647000 memsz=0xab888 elf_parse_binary: phdr: paddr=0x6f3000 memsz=0x908 elf_parse_binary: phdr: paddr=0x6f4000 memsz=0x1c2f9c elf_parse_binary: memory: 0x200000 -> 0x8b6f9c elf_xen_parse_note: GUEST_OS = "linux" elf_xen_parse_note: GUEST_VERSION = "2.6" elf_xen_parse_note: XEN_VERSION = "xen-3.0" elf_xen_parse_note: VIRT_BASE = 0xffffffff80000000 elf_xen_parse_note: ENTRY = 0xffffffff8071e200 elf_xen_parse_note: HYPERCALL_PAGE = 0xffffffff80209000 elf_xen_parse_note: FEATURES = "!writable_page_tables|pae_pgdir_above_4gb" elf_xen_parse_note: PAE_MODE = "yes" elf_xen_parse_note: LOADER = "generic" elf_xen_parse_note: unknown xen elf note (0xd) elf_xen_parse_note: SUSPEND_CANCEL = 0x1 elf_xen_parse_note: HV_START_LOW = 0xffff800000000000 elf_xen_parse_note: PADDR_OFFSET = 0x0 elf_xen_addr_calc_check: addresses: virt_base = 0xffffffff80000000 elf_paddr_offset = 0x0 virt_offset = 0xffffffff80000000 virt_kstart = 0xffffffff80200000 virt_kend = 0xffffffff808b6f9c virt_entry = 0xffffffff8071e200 xc_dom_parse_elf_kernel: xen-3.0-x86_64: 0xffffffff80200000 -> 0xffffffff808b6f9c xc_dom_mem_init: mem 1024 MB, pages 0x40000 pages, 4k each xc_dom_mem_init: 0x40000 pages xc_dom_boot_mem_init: called x86_compat: guest xen-3.0-x86_64, address size 64 xc_dom_malloc : 2048 kB ==> xend.log <== [2011-03-01 12:34:01 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] INFO (XendDomainInfo:2330) Dev 2049 still active, looping... [2011-03-01 12:34:01 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] INFO (XendDomainInfo:2330) Dev 2049 still active, looping... [2011-03-01 12:34:01 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] INFO (XendDomainInfo:2330) Dev 2049 still active, looping... [2011-03-01 12:34:01 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] INFO (XendDomainInfo:2330) Dev 2049 still active, looping... [2011-03-01 12:34:01 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] INFO (XendDomainInfo:957) Dev 0 still active, looping... [2011-03-01 12:34:01 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] INFO (XendDomainInfo:957) Dev 0 still active, looping... [2011-03-01 12:34:01 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] INFO (XendDomainInfo:957) Dev 0 still active, looping... [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] INFO (XendDomainInfo:957) Dev 0 still active, looping... [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] DEBUG (XendDomainInfo:2114) UUID Created: True [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] DEBUG (XendDomainInfo:2115) Devices to release: [], domid = 9 [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] DEBUG (XendDomainInfo:2127) Releasing PVFB backend devices ... [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] DEBUG (XendDomainInfo:207) XendDomainInfo.create(['domain', ['domid', 9], ['uuid', 'd5f22dd4-8dc2-f51f-84e9-eea7d71ea1d0'], ['vcpus', 1], ['vcpu_avail', 1], ['cpu_cap', 0], ['cpu_weight', 256], ['memory', 1024], ['shadow_memory', 0], ['maxmem', 1024], ['features', ''], ['name', 'appscale-1.4b'], ['on_poweroff', 'destroy'], ['on_reboot', 'restart'], ['on_crash', 'restart'], ['image', ['linux', ['kernel', '/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.27-7-server'], ['ramdisk', '/boot/initrd.img-2.6.27-7-server'], ['ip', ':1.2.3.4::::eth0:dhcp'], ['root', '/dev/sda1 ro'], ['args', 'xencons=tty console=tty1 console=hvc0 debugger=y debug=y sync_console']]], ['cpus', []], ['device', ['vif', ['backend', 0], ['script', 'vif-bridge'], ['mac', '00:16:3B:72:10:E4']]], ['device', ['vbd', ['backend', 0], ['dev', 'sda1:disk'], ['uname', 'file:/local/xen/domains/appscale1.4/root.img'], ['mode', 'w']]], ['state', '----c-'], ['shutdown_reason', 'crash'], ['cpu_time', 0.000339131], ['online_vcpus', 1], ['up_time', '0.952092885971'], ['start_time', '1299011639.92'], ['store_mfn', 1169289], ['console_mfn', 1169288]]) [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] DEBUG (XendDomainInfo:329) parseConfig: config is ['domain', ['domid', 9], ['uuid', 'd5f22dd4-8dc2-f51f-84e9-eea7d71ea1d0'], ['vcpus', 1], ['vcpu_avail', 1], ['cpu_cap', 0], ['cpu_weight', 256], ['memory', 1024], ['shadow_memory', 0], ['maxmem', 1024], ['features', ''], ['name', 'appscale-1.4b'], ['on_poweroff', 'destroy'], ['on_reboot', 'restart'], ['on_crash', 'restart'], ['image', ['linux', ['kernel', '/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.27-7-server'], ['ramdisk', '/boot/initrd.img-2.6.27-7-server'], ['ip', ':1.2.3.4::::eth0:dhcp'], ['root', '/dev/sda1 ro'], ['args', 'xencons=tty console=tty1 console=hvc0 debugger=y debug=y sync_console']]], ['cpus', []], ['device', ['vif', ['backend', 0], ['script', 'vif-bridge'], ['mac', '00:16:3B:72:10:E4']]], ['device', ['vbd', ['backend', 0], ['dev', 'sda1:disk'], ['uname', 'file:/local/xen/domains/appscale1.4/root.img'], ['mode', 'w']]], ['state', '----c-'], ['shutdown_reason', 'crash'], ['cpu_time', 0.000339131], ['online_vcpus', 1], ['up_time', '0.952092885971'], ['start_time', '1299011639.92'], ['store_mfn', 1169289], ['console_mfn', 1169288]] [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] DEBUG (XendDomainInfo:446) parseConfig: result is {'features': '', 'image': ['linux', ['kernel', '/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.27-7-server'], ['ramdisk', '/boot/initrd.img-2.6.27-7-server'], ['ip', ':1.2.3.4::::eth0:dhcp'], ['root', '/dev/sda1 ro'], ['args', 'xencons=tty console=tty1 console=hvc0 debugger=y debug=y sync_console']], 'cpus': [], 'vcpu_avail': 1, 'backend': [], 'uuid': 'd5f22dd4-8dc2-f51f-84e9-eea7d71ea1d0', 'on_reboot': 'restart', 'cpu_weight': 256.0, 'memory': 1024, 'cpu_cap': 0, 'localtime': None, 'timer_mode': None, 'start_time': 1299011639.9200001, 'on_poweroff': 'destroy', 'on_crash': 'restart', 'device': [('vif', ['vif', ['backend', 0], ['script', 'vif-bridge'], ['mac', '00:16:3B:72:10:E4']]), ('vbd', ['vbd', ['backend', 0], ['dev', 'sda1:disk'], ['uname', 'file:/local/xen/domains/appscale1.4/root.img'], ['mode', 'w']])], 'bootloader': None, 'maxmem': 1024, 'shadow_memory': 0, 'name': 'appscale-1.4b', 'bootloader_args': None, 'vcpus': 1, 'cpu': None} [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] DEBUG (XendDomainInfo:1784) XendDomainInfo.construct: None [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend 3580] DEBUG (balloon:145) Balloon: 3034420 KiB free; need 4096; done. [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] DEBUG (XendDomainInfo:1953) XendDomainInfo.initDomain: 10 256.0 [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] DEBUG (XendDomainInfo:1994) _initDomain:shadow_memory=0x0, maxmem=0x400, memory=0x400. [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend 3580] DEBUG (balloon:145) Balloon: 3034412 KiB free; need 1048576; done. [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend 3580] INFO (image:139) buildDomain os=linux dom=10 vcpus=1 [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend 3580] DEBUG (image:208) domid = 10 [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend 3580] DEBUG (image:209) memsize = 1024 [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend 3580] DEBUG (image:210) image = /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.27-7-server [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend 3580] DEBUG (image:211) store_evtchn = 1 [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend 3580] DEBUG (image:212) console_evtchn = 2 [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend 3580] DEBUG (image:213) cmdline = ip=:1.2.3.4::::eth0:dhcp root=/dev/sda1 ro xencons=tty console=tty1 console=hvc0 debugger=y debug=y sync_console [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend 3580] DEBUG (image:214) ramdisk = /boot/initrd.img-2.6.27-7-server [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend 3580] DEBUG (image:215) vcpus = 1 [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend 3580] DEBUG (image:216) features = ==> domain-builder-ng.log <== xc_dom_build_image: called xc_dom_alloc_segment: kernel : 0xffffffff80200000 -> 0xffffffff808b7000 (pfn 0x200 + 0x6b7 pages) xc_dom_pfn_to_ptr: domU mapping: pfn 0x200+0x6b7 at 0x2aaaab5f6000 elf_load_binary: phdr 0 at 0x0x2aaaab5f6000 -> 0x0x2aaaaba3d000 elf_load_binary: phdr 1 at 0x0x2aaaaba3d000 -> 0x0x2aaaabae8888 elf_load_binary: phdr 2 at 0x0x2aaaabae9000 -> 0x0x2aaaabae9908 elf_load_binary: phdr 3 at 0x0x2aaaabaea000 -> 0x0x2aaaabb9a004 xc_dom_alloc_segment: ramdisk : 0xffffffff808b7000 -> 0xffffffff82382000 (pfn 0x8b7 + 0x1acb pages) xc_dom_malloc : 160 kB xc_dom_pfn_to_ptr: domU mapping: pfn 0x8b7+0x1acb at 0x2aaab0000000 xc_dom_do_gunzip: unzip ok, 0x8cb5e7 -> 0x1aca210 xc_dom_alloc_segment: phys2mach : 0xffffffff82382000 -> 0xffffffff82582000 (pfn 0x2382 + 0x200 pages) xc_dom_pfn_to_ptr: domU mapping: pfn 0x2382+0x200 at 0x2aaab1acb000 xc_dom_alloc_page : start info : 0xffffffff82582000 (pfn 0x2582) xc_dom_alloc_page : xenstore : 0xffffffff82583000 (pfn 0x2583) xc_dom_alloc_page : console : 0xffffffff82584000 (pfn 0x2584) nr_page_tables: 0x0000ffffffffffff/48: 0xffff000000000000 -> 0xffffffffffffffff, 1 table(s) nr_page_tables: 0x0000007fffffffff/39: 0xffffff8000000000 -> 0xffffffffffffffff, 1 table(s) nr_page_tables: 0x000000003fffffff/30: 0xffffffff80000000 -> 0xffffffffbfffffff, 1 table(s) nr_page_tables: 0x00000000001fffff/21: 0xffffffff80000000 -> 0xffffffff827fffff, 20 table(s) xc_dom_alloc_segment: page tables : 0xffffffff82585000 -> 0xffffffff8259c000 (pfn 0x2585 + 0x17 pages) xc_dom_pfn_to_ptr: domU mapping: pfn 0x2585+0x17 at 0x2aaab1ccb000 xc_dom_alloc_page : boot stack : 0xffffffff8259c000 (pfn 0x259c) xc_dom_build_image : virt_alloc_end : 0xffffffff8259d000 xc_dom_build_image : virt_pgtab_end : 0xffffffff82800000 xc_dom_boot_image: called arch_setup_bootearly: doing nothing xc_dom_compat_check: supported guest type: xen-3.0-x86_64 <= matches xc_dom_compat_check: supported guest type: xen-3.0-x86_32p xc_dom_update_guest_p2m: dst 64bit, pages 0x40000 clear_page: pfn 0x2584, mfn 0x11d788 clear_page: pfn 0x2583, mfn 0x11d789 xc_dom_pfn_to_ptr: domU mapping: pfn 0x2582+0x1 at 0x2aaab1ce2000 start_info_x86_64: called setup_hypercall_page: vaddr=0xffffffff80209000 pfn=0x209 domain builder memory footprint allocated malloc : 12139 kB anon mmap : 0 bytes mapped file mmap : 11289 kB domU mmap : 35 MB arch_setup_bootlate: shared_info: pfn 0x0, mfn 0xd6fe1 shared_info_x86_64: called vcpu_x86_64: called vcpu_x86_64: cr3: pfn 0x2585 mfn 0x11d787 launch_vm: called, ctxt=0x97b21f8 xc_dom_release: called ==> xend.log <== [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend 3580] DEBUG (DevController:114) DevController: writing {'mac': '00:16:3B:72:10:E4', 'handle': '0', 'protocol': 'x86_64-abi', 'backend-id': '0', 'state': '1', 'backend': '/local/domain/0/backend/vif/10/0'} to /local/domain/10/device/vif/0. [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend 3580] DEBUG (DevController:116) DevController: writing {'domain': 'appscale-1.4b', 'handle': '0', 'script': '/etc/xen/scripts/vif-bridge', 'state': '1', 'frontend': '/local/domain/10/device/vif/0', 'mac': '00:16:3B:72:10:E4', 'online': '1', 'frontend-id': '10'} to /local/domain/0/backend/vif/10/0. [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] DEBUG (XendDomainInfo:634) Checking for duplicate for uname: /local/xen/domains/appscale1.4/root.img [file:/local/xen/domains/appscale1.4/root.img], dev: sda1:disk, mode: w [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend 3580] DEBUG (blkif:27) exception looking up device number for sda1:disk: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/dev/sda1:disk' [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend 3580] DEBUG (blkif:27) exception looking up device number for sda1: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/dev/sda1' [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend 3580] DEBUG (DevController:114) DevController: writing {'virtual-device': '2049', 'device-type': 'disk', 'protocol': 'x86_64-abi', 'backend-id': '0', 'state': '1', 'backend': '/local/domain/0/backend/vbd/10/2049'} to /local/domain/10/device/vbd/2049. [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend 3580] DEBUG (DevController:116) DevController: writing {'domain': 'appscale-1.4b', 'frontend': '/local/domain/10/device/vbd/2049', 'format': 'raw', 'dev': 'sda1', 'state': '1', 'params': '/local/xen/domains/appscale1.4/root.img', 'mode': 'w', 'online': '1', 'frontend-id': '10', 'type': 'file'} to /local/domain/0/backend/vbd/10/2049. [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] DEBUG (XendDomainInfo:993) Storing VM details: {'shadow_memory': '0', 'uuid': 'd5f22dd4-8dc2-f51f-84e9-eea7d71ea1d0', 'on_reboot': 'restart', 'start_time': '1299011642.74', 'on_poweroff': 'destroy', 'name': 'appscale-1.4b', 'xend/restart_count': '0', 'vcpus': '1', 'vcpu_avail': '1', 'memory': '1024', 'on_crash': 'restart', 'image': "(linux (kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.27-7-server) (ramdisk /boot/initrd.img-2.6.27-7-server) (ip :1.2.3.4::::eth0:dhcp) (root '/dev/sda1 ro') (args 'xencons=tty console=tty1 console=hvc0 debugger=y debug=y sync_console'))", 'maxmem': '1024'} [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] DEBUG (XendDomainInfo:1028) Storing domain details: {'console/ring-ref': '1169288', 'console/port': '2', 'name': 'appscale-1.4b', 'console/limit': '1048576', 'vm': '/vm/d5f22dd4-8dc2-f51f-84e9-eea7d71ea1d0', 'domid': '10', 'cpu/0/availability': 'online', 'memory/target': '1048576', 'store/ring-ref': '1169289', 'store/port': '1'} [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend 3580] DEBUG (DevController:158) Waiting for devices vif. [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend 3580] DEBUG (DevController:164) Waiting for 0. [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] DEBUG (XendDomainInfo:1250) XendDomainInfo.handleShutdownWatch [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend 3580] DEBUG (DevController:509) hotplugStatusCallback /local/domain/0/backend/vif/10/0/hotplug-status. [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend 3580] DEBUG (DevController:509) hotplugStatusCallback /local/domain/0/backend/vif/10/0/hotplug-status. [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend 3580] DEBUG (DevController:523) hotplugStatusCallback 1. [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend 3580] DEBUG (DevController:158) Waiting for devices usb. [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend 3580] DEBUG (DevController:158) Waiting for devices vbd. [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend 3580] DEBUG (DevController:164) Waiting for 2049. [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend 3580] DEBUG (DevController:509) hotplugStatusCallback /local/domain/0/backend/vbd/10/2049/hotplug-status. [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend 3580] DEBUG (DevController:509) hotplugStatusCallback /local/domain/0/backend/vbd/10/2049/hotplug-status. [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend 3580] DEBUG (DevController:523) hotplugStatusCallback 1. [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend 3580] DEBUG (DevController:158) Waiting for devices irq. [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend 3580] DEBUG (DevController:158) Waiting for devices vkbd. [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend 3580] DEBUG (DevController:158) Waiting for devices vfb. [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend 3580] DEBUG (DevController:158) Waiting for devices pci. [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend 3580] DEBUG (DevController:158) Waiting for devices ioports. [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend 3580] DEBUG (DevController:158) Waiting for devices tap. [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend 3580] DEBUG (DevController:158) Waiting for devices vtpm. [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] WARNING (XendDomainInfo:1178) Domain has crashed: name=appscale-1.4b id=10. [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] ERROR (XendDomainInfo:2654) VM appscale-1.4b restarting too fast (2.275545 seconds since the last restart). Refusing to restart to avoid loops. [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] DEBUG (XendDomainInfo:2189) XendDomainInfo.destroy: domid=10 ==> xen-hotplug.log <== Nothing to flush. ==> xend.log <== [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] INFO (XendDomainInfo:2330) Dev 2049 still active, looping... [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] INFO (XendDomainInfo:2330) Dev 2049 still active, looping... [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] INFO (XendDomainInfo:2330) Dev 2049 still active, looping... [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] INFO (XendDomainInfo:2330) Dev 2049 still active, looping... [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] INFO (XendDomainInfo:2330) Dev 2049 still active, looping... [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] DEBUG (XendDomainInfo:2114) UUID Created: True [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] DEBUG (XendDomainInfo:2115) Devices to release: [], domid = 10 [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] DEBUG (XendDomainInfo:2127) Releasing PVFB backend devices ... And this is the xen.conf file that I am using; # cat xen.conf # Configuration file for the Xen instance AppScale, created # bn VMBuilder kernel = '/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.27-7-server' ramdisk = '/boot/initrd.img-2.6.27-7-server' memory = 1024 vcpus = 1 root = '/dev/sda1 ro' disk = [ 'file:/local/xen/domains/appscale1.4/root.img,sda1,w', ] name = 'appscale-1.4b' dhcp = 'dhcp' vif = [ 'mac=00:16:3B:72:10:E4' ] on_poweroff = 'destroy' on_reboot = 'restart' on_crash = 'restart' extra = 'xencons=tty console=tty1 console=hvc0 debugger=y debug=y sync_console'

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• The null value cannot be assigned to a member with type System.Int64 which is a non-nullable value t

  - by BritishDeveloper

  I'm getting the following error in my MVC2 app using Linq to SQL (I am new to both). I am connected to an actual SQL server not weird mdf: System.InvalidOperationException The null value cannot be assigned to a member with type System.Int64 which is a non-nullable value type My SQL table has a column called MessageID. It is BigInt type and has a primary key, NOT NULL and an IDENTITY 1 1, no Default In my dbml designer it has the following declaration for this field: [global::System.Data.Linq.Mapping.ColumnAttribute(Storage="_MessageId", AutoSync=AutoSync.OnInsert, DbType="BigInt NOT NULL IDENTITY", IsPrimaryKey=true, IsDbGenerated=true)] public long MessageId { get { return this._MessageId; } set { if ((this._MessageId != value)) { this.OnMessageIdChanging(value); this.SendPropertyChanging(); this._MessageId = value; this.SendPropertyChanged("MessageId"); this.OnMessageIdChanged(); } } } It keeps telling me that null cannot be assigned - I'm not passing through null! It's a long - it can't even be null! Am I doing something stupid? I can't find a solution anywhere! I made this work by changing the type of this property to Nullable<long> but surely this can't be right? Update: I am using InsertOnSubmit. Simplified code: public ActionResult Create(Message message) { if (ModelState.IsValid) { var db = new MessagingDataContext(); db.Messages.InsertOnSubmit(message); db.SubmitChanges(); //line 93 (where it breaks) } } breaks on SubmitChanges() with the error at the top of this question. Update2: Stack trace: at Read_Object(ObjectMaterializer`1 ) at System.Data.Linq.SqlClient.ObjectReaderCompiler.ObjectReader`2.MoveNext() at System.Linq.Enumerable.FirstOrDefault[TSource](IEnumerable`1 source) at System.Data.Linq.ChangeDirector.StandardChangeDirector.DynamicInsert(TrackedObject item) at System.Data.Linq.ChangeDirector.StandardChangeDirector.Insert(TrackedObject item) at System.Data.Linq.ChangeProcessor.SubmitChanges(ConflictMode failureMode) at System.Data.Linq.DataContext.SubmitChanges(ConflictMode failureMode) at Qanda.Controllers.MessagingController.Ask(Message message) in C:\Qanda\Qanda\Controllers\MessagingController.cs:line 93 Update3: No one knows and I don't have enough clout to offer a bounty! So continued on my ASP.NET blog. Please help!

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• Fatal error: Call to a member function getAttribute() on a non-object in C:\xampp\htdocs\giftshoes\s

  - by Sadiqur Rahman

  I am getting following error message when using Doctrine ORM in Codeigniter. Please help me... ------------------Doctrin Table Defination------------- abstract class BaseShoes extends Doctrine_Record { public function setTableDefinition() { $this-setTableName('shoes'); $this-hasColumn('sku', 'integer', 11, array('primary' = true, 'autoincrement' = false)); $this-hasColumn('name', 'string', 255); $this-hasColumn('keywords', 'string', 255); $this-hasColumn('description', 'string'); $this-hasColumn('manufacturer', 'string', 20); $this-hasColumn('sale_price', 'double'); $this-hasColumn('price', 'double'); $this-hasColumn('url', 'string'); $this-hasColumn('image', 'string'); $this-hasColumn('category', 'string', 50); } public function setUp() { } } ------------------------Doctrin Table Code ------------------- class ShoesTable extends Doctrine_Table { function getAllShoes($from = 0, $total = 15) { $q = Doctrine_Query::create() -from('Shoes s') -limit($total) -offset($from); return $q->execute(array(), Doctrine::HYDRATE_ARRAY); } } -----------------Model Code----------------- class Shoes extends BaseShoes { function __construct() { $this-table = Doctrine::getTable('shoes'); } public function getAllShoes() { $this-table-getAllShoes(); } } -------------------ERROR I am getting-------------------- ( ! ) Fatal error: Call to a member function getAttribute() on a non-object in C:\xampp\htdocs\giftshoes\system\database\doctrine\Doctrine\Record.php on line 1424 Call Stack Time Memory Function Location 1 0.0011 327560 {main}( ) ..\index.php:0 2 0.0363 3210720 require_once( 'C:\xampp\htdocs\giftshoes\system\codeigniter\CodeIgniter.php' ) ..\index.php:116 3 0.0492 3922368 Welcome-Welcome( ) ..\CodeIgniter.php:201 4 0.0817 6234096 CI_Loader-model( ) ..\welcome.php:14 5 0.0824 6248376 Shoes-__construct( ) ..\Loader.php:184 6 0.0824 6248424 Doctrine_Core::getTable( ) ..\Shoes.php:5 7 0.0824 6248424 Doctrine_Connection-getTable( ) ..\Core.php:1080 8 0.0824 6254304 Doctrine_Table-__construct( ) ..\Connection.php:1123 9 0.0841 6396128 Doctrine_Table-initDefinition( ) ..\Table.php:249 10 0.0841 6397472 Shoes-__construct( ) ..\Table.php:301 11 0.0841 6397680 Doctrine_Access-__set( ) ..\Access.php:0 12 0.0841 6397680 Doctrine_Record-set( ) ..\Access.php:60

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• Is it possible to make a non-nullable column nullable when used in a view? (sql server)

  - by Matt

  Hi, To start off I have two tables, PersonNames and PersonNameVariations. When a name is searched, it finds the closest name to one of the ones available in PersonNames and records it in the PersonNameVariations table if it's not already in there. I am using a stored proc to search the PersonNames for a passed in PersonNameVariationand return the information on both the PersonName found and the PersonNameVariation that was compared to it. Since I am using the Entity Framework, I needed return a complex type in the Import Function but for some reason it says my current framework doesn't support it. My last option was to use an Entity to return in my stored proc instead. The result that I needed back is the information on both the PersonName that was found and the PersonNameVariation that was recorded. Since I cannot return both entities, I created a view PersonSearchVariationInfo and added it into my Entity Framework in order to use it as the entity to return. The problem is that the search will not always return a Person Name match. It needs to be able to return only the PersonNameVariation data in some cases, meaning that all the fields in the PersonSearchVariationInfo pertaining to PersonName need to be nullable. How can I take my view and make some of the fields nullable? When I do it directly in the Entity Framework I get a mapping error: Error 4 Error 3031: Problem in mapping fragments starting at line 1202:Non-nullable column myproject_vw_PersonSearchVariationInfo.DateAdded in table myproject_vw_PersonSearchVariationInfo is mapped to a nullable entity property. C:\Users\Administrator\Documents\Visual Studio 2010\Projects\MyProject\MyProject.Domain\EntityFramework\MyProjectDBEntities.edmx 1203 15 MyProject.Domain Anyone have any ideas? Thanks, Matt

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• How to find first non-repetitive character from a string?

  - by masato-san

  I've spent half day trying to figure out this and finally I got working solution. However, I feel like this can be done in simpler way. I think this code is not really readable. Problem: Find first non-repetitive character from a string. $string = "abbcabz" In this case, the function should output "c". The reason I use concatenation instead of $input[index_to_remove] = '' in order to remove character from a given string is because if I do that, it actually just leave empty cell so that my return value $input[0] does not not return the character I want to return. For instance, $str = "abc"; $str[0] = ''; echo $str; This will output "bc" But actually if I test, var_dump($str); it will give me: string(3) "bc" Here is my intention: Given: input while first char exists in substring of input { get index_to_remove input = chars left of index_to_remove . chars right of index_to_remove if dupe of first char is not found from substring remove first char from input } return first char of input Code: function find_first_non_repetitive2($input) { while(strpos(substr($input, 1), $input[0]) !== false) { $index_to_remove = strpos(substr($input,1), $input[0]) + 1; $input = substr($input, 0, $index_to_remove) . substr($input, $index_to_remove + 1); if(strpos(substr($input, 1), $input[0]) == false) { $input = substr($input, 1); } } return $input[0]; }

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• How to provide stl like container with public const iterator and private non-const iterator?

  - by WilliamKF

  Hello, I am deriving a class privately from std::list and wish to provide public begin() and end() for const_iterator and private begin() and end() for just plain iterator. However, the compiler is seeing the private version and complaining that it is private instead of using the public const version. I understand that C++ will not overload on return type (in this case const_iterator and iterator) and thus it is choosing the non-const version since my object is not const. Short of casting my object to const before calling begin() or not overloading the name begin is there a way to accomplish this? I would think this is a known pattern that folks have solved before and would like to follow suit as to how this is typically solved. class myObject; class myContainer : private std::list<myObject> { public: typedef std::list<myObject>::const_iterator myContainer::const_iterator; private: typedef std::list<myObject>::iterator myContainer::iterator; public: myContainer::const_iterator begin() const { return std::list<myObject>::begin(); } myContainer::const_iterator end() const { return std::list<myObject>::end(); } private: myContainer::iterator begin() { return std::list<myObject>::begin(); } myContainer::iterator end() { return std::list<myObject>::end(); } }; void myFunction(myContainer &container) { myContainer::const_iterator aItr = container.begin(); myContainer::const_iterator aEndItr = container.end(); for (; aItr != aEndItr; ++aItr) { const myObject &item = *aItr; // Do something const on container's contents. } } The error from the compiler is something like this: ../../src/example.h:447: error: `std::_List_iterator<myObject> myContainer::begin()' is private caller.cpp:2393: error: within this context ../../src/example.h:450: error: `std::_List_iterator<myObject> myContainer::end()' is private caller.cpp:2394: error: within this context Thanks. -William

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• Why does IIS respond to a secure(SSL) page request with a 302 to its non-secure version?

  - by ISawrub

  I have SSL installed at the root of a server. I have a page whose code behind code is supposed to redirect after certain validation to a secure page. Here's the redirect code: switch (PageBase2.GetParameterValue("Environment")) //Retrieves App Setting named Environment from web.config { case "Server": strURL = @"https://" + HttpContext.Current.Request.Url.Authority + "/checkout/payment.aspx"; break; case "Local": strURL = @"http://" + HttpContext.Current.Request.Url.Authority + "/checkout/payment.aspx"; break; default: strURL = @"https://" + HttpContext.Current.Request.Url.Authority + "/checkout/payment.aspx"; break; } Response.Redirect(strURL, false); But the page that's been served by IIS is non-secure. I looked at the firebug console and it appears that the client does make a get request to https://server/checkout/payment.aspx but IIS responds with a 302 to http://server/checkout/payment.aspx Any clues, as to what could be causing it. I've even tried forcing SSL for the page, but it doesn't work I get 403.4 error. (SSL is required to view this resource.) And if i remove the redirection logic and code the payment page to redirect to its SSL version when the connection is not secure using Request.IsSecureConnection, i end up with an endless redirect loop, simply because IIS still won't serve the secure version without a 302. Any ideas?

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• How do you create a non-Thread-based Guice custom Scope?

  - by Russ

  It seems that all Guice's out-of-the-box Scope implementations are inherently Thread-based (or ignore Threads entirely): Scopes.SINGLETON and Scopes.NO_SCOPE ignore Threads and are the edge cases: global scope and no scope. ServletScopes.REQUEST and ServletScopes.SESSION ultimately depend on retrieving scoped objects from a ThreadLocal<Context>. The retrieved Context holds a reference to the HttpServletRequest that holds a reference to the scoped objects stored as named attributes (where name is derived from com.google.inject.Key). Class SimpleScope from the custom scope Guice wiki also provides a per-Thread implementation using a ThreadLocal<Map<Key<?>, Object>> member variable. With that preamble, my question is this: how does one go about creating a non-Thread-based Scope? It seems that something that I can use to look up a Map<Key<?>, Object> is missing, as the only things passed in to Scope.scope() are a Key<T> and a Provider<T>. Thanks in advance for your time.

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• Sybase: how can I remove non-printable characters from CHAR or VARCHAR fields with SQL?

  - by Kenny Drobnack

  I'm working with a Sybase database that seems to have non-printable characters in some of the string fields and this is throwing off some of our processing code. At first glance, it seemed to only be newlines and carriage returns, but we also have an ASCII code 27 in there - an ESC character, some accented characters, and some other oddities in there. I have no direct access to change the database, so changing the bad data isn't an option, yet. For now I have to make do with just filtering it out. We're trying to export the table data from one database and load it into a database used by another application in a nightly batch process. Ideally, I'd like to have a function that I can pass a list of characters and just have Sybase return the data with those characters removed. I'd like to keep it something we could do in plain SQL if possible. Something like this to remove characters that are ASCII 0 - 31. select str_replace(FIELD1, (0-31), NULL) as FIELD1, str_replace(FIELD2, (0-31), NULL) as FIELD2 from TABLE So far, str_replace is the nearest I can find, but it only allows replacing one string with another. No support for character ranges and won't let me do the above. We're running on Sybase ASE 12.5 on Unix servers.

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