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• Starting Web Development, Confused between Ruby and PHP [closed]

  - by KyelJmD

  I am on summer vacation, but I want to learn web development, The current programming language I know are the following C# Java C and I know the following scripting and markup language Javascript HTML and a little bit of PHP. but I wanted to know where would I learn most? should I venture on PHP? or Ruby on Rails? I don't have any experience or knowledge with regards to Ruby and of course ruby on rails, but I am gussing Ruby is a pre-requisite for learning the Ruby on rails framework right? Now the question, WHat are the pros and cons of both these language, is ruby worth learning just for Ruby on rails? and which has a higher market?

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• How to familiarize myself with Python

  - by Zel

  I am Python beginner. Started Python 1.5 months back. I downloaded the Python docs and read some part of the tutorial. I have been programming on codechef.com and solving problems of projecteuler. I am thinking of reading Introduction to algorithms and following this course on MIT opencourse ware as I haven't been getting much improvement in programming and I am wasting much time thinking just what should I do when faced with any programming problem. But I think that I still don't know the correct way to learn the language itself. Should I start the library reference or continue with Python tutorial? Is learning algorithms useful for language such as C and not so much for Python as it has "batteries included"? Are there some other resources for familiarization with the language and in general for learning to solve programming problems? Or do I need to just devote some more time?

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• Are VB.NET to C# converters actually compilers?

  - by Rowan Freeman

  Whenever I see programs or scripts that convert between high-level programming languages they are always labelled as converters. "VB.NET to C# converter" on Google results in expected, useful hits. However "VB.NET to C# compiler" on Google results in things like comparisons between the C# and VB.NET compilers and other hits that are not quite what you'd be looking for. Webopedia defines Compiler as A program that translates source code into object code Eric Lipper in an answer to: "How do I create my own programming language and a compiler for it" suggests: One of the best ways to get started writing a compiler is by writing a high-level-language-to-high-level-language compiler. Is a converter really just a compiler? What separates the two?

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• Why did object-oriented paradigms take so long to go mainstream?

  - by Earlz

  I read this question and it got me thinking about another fairly recent thing. Object oriented languages. I'm not sure when the first one was created, but why did it take so long before they became mainstream? C became vastly popular, but didn't become the object-oriented C++ for years(decades?) later No mainstream language before the 90s was object oriented Object oriented really seemed to take off with Java and C++ around the same time Now, my question, why did this take so long? Why wasn't C originally conceived as an object-oriented language? Taking a very small subset of C++ wouldn't have affected the core language a whole lot, so why was this idea not popular until the 90s?

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• To maximize chances of functional programming employment

  - by Rob Agar

  Given that the future of programming is functional, at some point in the nearish future I want to be paid to code in a functional language, preferably Haskell. Assuming I have a firm grasp of the language, plus all the basic programmer attributes (good communication skills/sense of humour/hygiene etc), what should I concentrate on learning to maximize my chances? Are there any particularly sought after libraries I should know? Alternatively, would another language be a better bet, say F#? (I'm not too fussed about the kind of programming work, so long as it's reasonably interesting and reasonably well paid, and with nice people)

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• Does professionalism in job postings matter?

  - by Wings87

  I came across this job posting: http://www.justin.tv/jobs/jobs. The page contains some bad language ("No bulls--t"). I personally find this vaguely offensive, and it would certainly put me off applying to work there: It made me wonder what kind/personality of people work at this company. At least where I'm from (EU), the language would be considered bad form, and it would be seen as badly representing the company. Some job postings seem to go to the other extreme, filled with vacuous people skill descriptions and irrelevant details. It's tempting to dream up pictures of each company based on their job posting. So, does professionalism in job postings matter? Are you inclined to see through bad language, irrelevant corporate speak and so on, or do these affect interest in a job?

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• Is LISP still useful in, and which version is most used in todays world ?

  - by shan23

  I try to teach myself a new programming language in regular intervals of time. Recently, I've read how Lisp and its dialects are at the complete opposite end of the spectrum from languages like C/C++, which made me curious enough to know more about it. However, two things are unclear to me, and I'm looking for guidance on them : Is LISP still practiced/used in todays world, or is it a legacy language like FORTRAN/COBOL ? I mean, apart from maintaining existing code, is it used on new projects at all ? What is the most widely used dialect ? I came across Scheme and Common Lisp as the 2 most prevalent dialects, and wanted your opinion as to which is the most favored/useful one to learn - and would be immensely gratified if you can suggest any resources for a rank beginner to start from. While eager to learn a language which is fundamentally different from the procedural languages I'm used to, I don't want to invest undue effort in something if its totally obsolete - I'd still learn it if it was professionally "dead", but only with an academic perspective...

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• Performance: recursion vs. iteration in Javascript

  - by mastazi

  I have read recently some articles (e.g. http://dailyjs.com/2012/09/14/functional-programming/) about the functional aspects of Javascript and the relationship between Scheme and Javascript (the latter was influenced by the first, which is a functional language, while the O-O aspects are inherited from Self which is a prototyping-based language). However my question is more specific: I was wondering if there are metrics about the performance of recursion vs. iteration in Javascript. I know that in some languages (where by design iteration performs better) the difference is minimal because the interpreter / compiler converts recursion into iteration, however I guess that probably this is not the case of Javascript since it is, at least partially, a functional language.

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• Project migration tips [closed]

  - by Shirish11

  I would like to know what all things are to be considered when your client asks for Project Migration to a different language / version. Migrating an existing project to a higher version is not going to be much of a trouble. Have to take care of some system files, some settings changes and if version specific components included then search for them to comply with the newer version. I understand why you need to migrate projects to newer versions mostly for overcoming the drawbacks of current version. But I have absolutely no idea how to go about language migration. Any help on this is appreciated . Moreover is language migration a healthy idea?

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• C or assembly code to find current cpu core speed

  - by honestann

  How can my application efficiently determine the following information peroidically while it executes: 1: current speed of each of the 8 CPU cores. 2: which core the code is currently executing on. My application is C and assembly-language, so any solution in either C or assembly-language is fine. This code needs to execute quickly, so creating, reading and processing a file generated by "cat /proc/cpuinfo" is much too slow. The cores slow-down and speed-up automatically, probably to keep CPU temperature under control. Therefore, a one-time measure is not sufficient for my purposes. My application already reads and subtracts the cpu cycle counter in assembly language to determine number of clock cycles, but my program cannot compute elapsed time in nanoseconds unless it knows the current clock frequency of the cpu cores (and which core the code is executing on). Thanks!

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• Looking for an open source project in Python

  - by Roman Yankovsky

  I am looking for practical tasks to get experience with Python. Just reading the books and not doing any tasks in the language is not effective. I solved some problems on the Project Euler and TopCoder and it helped me to learn the syntax of the language better. But those tasks are hard algorithmically, but as a rule is quite simple from the point of view of programming. Now I'm looking for an interesting open source project in Python, participation in which will help me to better understand the OO-model of language. Although, this is my first step with Python, in general, I am an experienced programmer and I can be useful for a project. May be someone can suggest something?

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• D, Vala or Go for game development [on hold]

  - by Sheosi

  I'm looking forward to choose some compiled language for my 3D engine. The engine it's written in C++, however I would like to help coders by using a language which is good for games. I came with these three: Vala, D and Go. The engine is being made to write as less code as posible, also the "main" language it's going to be Lua so any of these will be the "advanced" one (mainly things which could affect performance or . Because of all this and the fact that I heard that Go is good for small projects I thought it would be a pretty good option, however it does not seems to be made (at least originally) for games and also some say I can have trouble with garbage collection in games. So what do you think? Do you have any experience with any of these three in games? How was it?

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• What programming languages should every computer science student be taught?

  - by Anto

  What languages (or classes (as in paradigms) of programming languages, plus a recommended language of that class) should every computer science student be taught in college according to you? Motivate your answers; why that language? What use will one have from it? What concepts does it teach (better than language X does)? Note/clarification: This question is about computer science with heavy focus on software engineering, not pure computer science. It is still computer science education and not software engineering education which is the focus.

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• IL and case-sensitivity

  - by Ali .NET

  Quoted from A Brief Introduction To IL code, CLR, CTS, CLS and JIT In .NET CLS stands for Common Language Specifications. It is a subset of CTS. CLS is a set of rules or guidelines which if followed ensures that code written in one .NET language can be used by another .NET language. For example one rule is that we cannot have member functions with same name with case difference only i.e we should not have add() and Add(). This may work in C# because it is case-sensitive but if try to use that C# code in VB.NET, it is not possible because VB.NET is not case-sensitive. Based on above text I want to confirm two points here: Does the case-sensitivity of IL is a condition for member functions only, and not for member properties? Is it true that C# wouldn't be inter-operable with VB.NET if it didn't take care of the case sensitivity?

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• Learning Python is good?

  - by user15220

  Recently I have seen some videos from MIT on computer programming topics. I found it's really worth watching. Especially the concepts of algorithms and fundamental stuffs. The programs were written and explained in Python. I never had looked into this language before as I learned and doing stuffs with C/C++ programming. But the cleanliness and better readability of syntax attracted me. Of course as a C++ programmer for long time it's the most readable language for me. Also I heard Python library contains solid algorithms and data-structures implementations. Can you share your experience in this language?

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• Multi-lingual error messages and error numbers

  - by Jon Hopkins

  So we're looking at the possibility of porting our software to support multiple languages and one of the areas we're going to have to deal with is error messages and other notifications. These obviously have to be reported to the users in their own language. Our team (largely) only speak English and even if we were all multi-lingual we're looking at selling to a wide range of countries and could never expect to have a reasonable number of people speaking all languages (we're a small company). The obvious way to get round the language issue when errors or other messages we may get asked about which are being reported is error numbers which would be consistent across language. While these are going to exist in the backend (if only as key on the error message), I'd really rather not throw them at users if we don't have to but I don't have any other solution. Anyone have any useful suggestions for alternatives?

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• Object-Oriented Operating System

  - by nmagerko

  As I thought about writing an operating system, I came across a point that I really couldn't figure out on my own: Can an operating system truly be written in an Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) Language? Being that these types of languages do not allow for direct accessing of memory, wouldn't this make it impossible for a developer to write an entire operating system using only an OOP Language? Take, for example, the Android Operating System that runs many phones and some tablets in use around the world. I believe that this operating system uses only Java, an Object-Oriented language. In Java, I have been unsuccessful in trying to point at and manipulate a specific memory address that the run-time environment (JRE) has not assigned to my program implicitly. In C, C++, and other non-OOP languages, I can do this in a few lines. So this makes me question whether or not an operating system can be written in an OOP, especially Java. Any counterexamples or other information is appreciated.

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• Geotargeted subfolder questions (Portugal/Brazil and Switzerland)

  - by Lucy

  We are at the beginning of the process to get multilingual versions of a website. We will be using subfolders working off the core domain (eg mydomain.com/fr/), set the geotargeting at webmaster tools and set hreflang attribute. I would really appreciate your help with a couple of questions. 1/Portuguese: we will have a Portuguese language version of the site. Our intention is to use this to cover users in both Portugal AND Brazil. ie, we are not going to do separate folders mydomain.com/pt/ and mydomain.com/br/ Can I use 2 hreflang attributes for this language version to tell Google it covers Brazil AND Portugal? What country code to use for this subfolder? 2/Switzerland Does anyone have best practice advice how to do this? One one hand, the subfolder should be mydomain.com/ch/ but as Switzerland covers 2 language possibilities (French AND German) - what to do? thanks

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• Should integer divide by zero halt execution?

  - by Pyrolistical

  I know that modern languages handle integer divide by zero as an error just like the hardware does, but what if we could design a whole new language? Ignoring existing hardware, what should a programming language does when an integer divide by zero occurs? Should it return a NaN of type integer? Or should it mirror IEEE 754 float and return +/- Infinity? Or is the existing design choice correct, and an error should be thrown? Is there a language that handles integer divide by zero nicely? EDIT When I said ignore existing hardware, I mean don't assume integer is represented as 32 bits, it can be represented in anyway you can to imagine.

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• Unable to fix broken packages with sudo apt-get install -f

  - by Bob

  Here's my result, of sudo apt-get install -f. i have Ran it twice and got negative result. I believe there is an error at "error in Version string '0:3.6.1-dates for language English Translation data updates for all supported packages for: English" This same statement "error in Version string, caused me three days of attempting to download version 12.04. There is a bug report concerning the quoted text as well. Is there anyway to download the version without the language packs, why would I corrupt version 11.10? Also, when attempting to download Synaptic using sudo apt-get install synaptic, I get the same error message. Again I point out the initial download problems and the same error message receipt. Thanks b0b@b0b-IC780M-A:~$ sudo apt-get install -f [sudo] password for b0b: Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 298 not upgraded. b0b@b0b-IC780M-A:~$ sudo apt-get install -f Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 298 not upgraded. b0b@b0b-IC780M-A:~$ sudo apt-get upgrade install Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following packages have been kept back: linux-headers-generic software-center The following packages will be upgraded: accountsservice acpi-support acpid aisleriot alsa-utils app-install-data-partner appmenu-qt apport apport-gtk apt-transport-https apt-utils aptdaemon aptdaemon-data apturl apturl-common banshee banshee-extension-soundmenu banshee-extension-ubuntuonemusicstore baobab bind9-host binutils bluez-alsa bluez-cups bluez-gstreamer brasero brasero-cdrkit brasero-common checkbox checkbox-gtk command-not-found command-not-found-data compiz compiz-core compiz-gnome compiz-plugins-default compiz-plugins-main-default cups cups-bsd cups-client cups-common cups-ppdc deja-dup desktop-file-utils dnsutils empathy empathy-common eog evince evince-common evolution-data-server evolution-data-server-common file-roller firefox firefox-globalmenu firefox-gnome-support gbrainy gcalctool gconf2 gconf2-common gedit gedit-common ghostscript ghostscript-cups ghostscript-x gir1.2-atspi-2.0 gir1.2-gconf-2.0 gir1.2-gnomebluetooth-1.0 gir1.2-gtk-3.0 gir1.2-gtksource-3.0 gir1.2-totem-1.0 gir1.2-unity-4.0 gir1.2-webkit-3.0 gnome-accessibility-themes gnome-bluetooth gnome-control-center gnome-control-center-data gnome-desktop3-data gnome-font-viewer gnome-games-common gnome-icon-theme gnome-mahjongg gnome-online-accounts gnome-orca gnome-power-manager gnome-screenshot gnome-search-tool gnome-session gnome-session-bin gnome-session-canberra gnome-session-common gnome-settings-daemon gnome-sudoku gnome-system-log gnome-system-monitor gnome-utils-common gnomine gstreamer0.10-gconf gstreamer0.10-plugins-good gstreamer0.10-pulseaudio gvfs gvfs-backends gvfs-bin gvfs-fuse gwibber gwibber-service gwibber-service-facebook gwibber-service-identica gwibber-service-twitter hpijs hplip hplip-cups hplip-data indicator-datetime indicator-session indicator-sound isc-dhcp-client isc-dhcp-common jockey-common jockey-gtk language-selector-common language-selector-gnome libaccountsservice0 libapt-inst1.3 libarchive1 libasound2-plugins libatk-adaptor libbind9-60 libbrasero-media3-1 libcamel-1.2-29 libcanberra-gtk-module libcanberra-gtk0 libcanberra-gtk3-0 libcanberra-gtk3-module libcanberra-pulse libcanberra0 libdecoration0 libdns69 libebackend-1.2-1 libebook1.2-12 libecal1.2-10 libedata-book-1.2-11 libedata-cal-1.2-13 libedataserver1.2-15 libedataserverui-3.0-1 libevince3-3 libgconf2-4 libgnome-bluetooth8 libgnome-control-center1 libgnome-desktop-3-2 libgoa-1.0-0 libgrip0 libgs9 libgs9-common libgtk-3-bin libgtksourceview-3.0-0 libgtksourceview-3.0-common libgweather-3-0 libgweather-common libgwibber-gtk2 libgwibber2 libhpmud0 libimobiledevice2 libisc62 libisccc60 libisccfg62 libjasper1 liblightdm-gobject-1-0 liblwres60 libmetacity-private0 libmission-control-plugins0 libmono-zeroconf1.0-cil libnautilus-extension1 libnm-glib-vpn1 libnm-glib4 libnm-util2 libnotify0.4-cil libnux-1.0-0 libnux-1.0-common libpam-gnome-keyring libreoffice-emailmerge libreoffice-style-human libsane-hpaio libsmbclient libsnmp-base libsnmp15 libsyncdaemon-1.0-1 libt1-5 libtotem0 libubuntuone-1.0-1 libubuntuone1.0-cil libunity-2d-private0 libunity-core-4.0-4 libunity6 libusbmuxd1 libwbclient0 libwebkitgtk-1.0-0 libwebkitgtk-1.0-common libwebkitgtk-3.0-0 libwebkitgtk-3.0-common libxml2 linux-generic linux-image-generic metacity metacity-common mobile-broadband-provider-info modemmanager mousetweaks multiarch-support nautilus nautilus-data nautilus-sendto-empathy network-manager nux-tools onboard openssl pulseaudio pulseaudio-esound-compat pulseaudio-module-bluetooth pulseaudio-module-gconf pulseaudio-module-x11 pulseaudio-utils python-apport python-aptdaemon python-aptdaemon-gtk python-aptdaemon.gtk3widgets python-aptdaemon.gtkwidgets python-brlapi python-cups python-cupshelpers python-gobject-cairo python-httplib2 python-launchpadlib python-libxml2 python-pam python-papyon python-pkg-resources python-problem-report python-pyatspi2 python-software-properties python-ubuntuone-client python-ubuntuone-storageprotocol samba-common samba-common-bin seahorse shotwell simple-scan smbclient sni-qt software-properties-common software-properties-gtk sudo system-config-printer-common system-config-printer-gnome system-config-printer-udev telepathy-indicator telepathy-mission-control-5 thunderbird thunderbird-globalmenu thunderbird-gnome-support tomboy totem totem-common totem-mozilla totem-plugins ttf-opensymbol ubuntu-desktop ubuntu-minimal ubuntu-standard ubuntuone-client ubuntuone-client-gnome ubuntuone-couch unity unity-2d unity-2d-launcher unity-2d-panel unity-2d-places unity-2d-spread unity-common unity-lens-applications unity-services update-manager update-manager-core update-notifier update-notifier-common usbmuxd vim-common vim-tiny vinagre vino xorg xserver-xorg xserver-xorg-input-all xserver-xorg-video-all xserver-xorg-video-intel xserver-xorg-video-openchrome xul-ext-ubufox 296 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 2 not upgraded. Need to get 0 B/159 MB of archives. After this operation, 10.1 MB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y Extracting templates from packages: 100% Preconfiguring packages ... dpkg: error: parsing file '/var/lib/dpkg/available' near line 4131 package 'python-zope.interface': error in Version string '0:3.6.1-dates for language English Translation data updates for all supported packages for: English . language-pack-en-base provides the bulk of translation data and is updated only seldom. This package provides frequent translation updates.': version string has embedded spaces E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (2) b0b@b0b-IC780M-A:~$

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• Why is C++ predominant in programming contests and competitions?

  - by daniels

  I understand that C++ is a very fast language, but ain't C just as fast, or faster in some cases? Then you might say that C++ has OOP, but the amount of OOP you need for most programming puzzles is not that big, and in my opinion C would be able handle that. Here's why I am asking this: I am very interested in programming contests and competitions, and I am used to coding in C on those. However, I noticed that the vast majority of people use C++ (e.g., 17 out of 25 finalists on Google Code Jam 2011 used it, while no one used C), so I am wondering if I am at a disadvantage going with C. Apart from the Object Orientation, what makes C++ a more suitable language for programming competitions? What are the features of the language I should learn and use to perform better on the competitions? For background, I consider myself pretty proficient in C, but I am just starting to learn C++.

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• Why has there been no serious research in statistical programming languages for 25 years?

  - by Robert

  The two main statistical languages today are S (in the form of R) and SAS, which today pretty much have the form they had 25 years ago. Whatever usability problems or worker productivity problems they had then, they still have today. I'm a data language designer, and I look at, largely, four aspects: Usability (learning curve & readability - here Python scores high) Productivity (how long it takes to finish your work) Flexibility (SAS and R don't have problems here, but a macro library will) Reliability (in the QA/reproducibility sense, usually a PL does better than a GUI here) By the way, I have a language that can produce complex statistical tables much faster than SAS (like 25 lines of code instead of several hundred lines of code). And I'm going to produce a language for data cleaning that will be great for usability (it'll be my third).

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• How does copyrights apply to source code header files?

  - by Jim McKeeth

  It seems I heard that header files are not considered copyrightable since they can only be written one way (like a list of ingredients or facts). So a header file for a specific DLL will always look the same when written in a given programming language. Unfortunately I can't find any resources to back this up. So if a vendor provides an SDK with headers in one programming language, and then those headers are translated into another programming language by a third party. Does the 3rd party need permission from the vendor to provide the header translation? Who owns the copyright on the translation? Isn't it a derivative work still owned by the vendor, or is there no copyright, like a list of ingredients? Does this vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction?

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• Artist, Looking to lean how to program games, where do I start? [on hold]

  - by Christopher Hindson

  I have bean an artist for many years now I am very comfortable with using Photoshop and Flash but I want to learn how to but together my own games, I bean doing my own research into this and at the moment I am at little bit stuck on witch direction to go down. So my question is witch programming language should I learn? I have already bean looking into this what i understand is that Gamemaker with its built in language (GML) is one of the most friendly to people who are new to the game making world. I have played around with this program and was pretty happy with it but I want more also you can use Unity with language such as C and javascript and then games built with Java witch looks interesting. One more thing before you send your answer in at this moment in time I would only be able to make 2D game but 3D isn't out of the picture.

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• For what types of applications is Python a bad choice?

  - by Casey Patton

  I just started learning Python, and I'd like to get some more context on the language. I realize that Python is a slow language relative to C or C++, etc. Thus, Python is probably not the best choice for applications that need to run quickly. Outside of this, it seems like Python is a great general purpose language that is easy to read and write. The available libraries give it a huge amount of functionality. Outside of performance critical applications, where is it a bad choice to use Python (and why)?

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