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• How can I manually interpolate string escapes in a Perl string?

  - by Ryan Thompson

  In perl suppose I have a string like 'hello\tworld\n', and what I want is: 'hello world ' That is, "hello", then a literal tab character, then "world", then a literal newline. Or equivalently, "hello\tworld\n" (note the double quotes). In other words, is there a function for taking a string with escape sequences and returning an equivalent string with all the escape sequences interpolated?

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• How to XML escaping with Apache Velocity?

  - by Jan Algermissen

  I am generating XML using Apache Velocity. What is the best (most straight-forward) way to XML-escape the output? (I saw there is an escape tool, but could not figure out it's dev state. I also think that XML escaping is something that is very likely supported by Velocity directly.)

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• ASP.NET MVC routing issue: How to allow "\" in id's

  - by Bipul

  I am using following route map routes.MapRoute( "RenderAssociatedForm", "DoAction/{nodeLevelId}/{nodeSystemId}", new { controller = "FrontEnd", action = "RenderAssociatedForm", }); Now nodeLevelId can be anything like zs\bbal. As we know that we should escape '\', so we are using 'zs%5cbbal'. But still the following url is not mapping to this route. //localhost/DoAction/zs%5cbbal/5 When I try simple Id without the escape character, it maps properly. Can anybody tell me where I am going wrong?

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• Why are my "+" characters turned into spaces in my CGI program that handles Ajax requests?

  - by Dr.Dredel

  I'm collecting text through a web form and noticing that when it is collected by my Perl CGI all instances of "+" are transformed into " ". I run the text through a JavaScript escape before submission, but escape seems to leave + unaltered. There must be something really obvious that I'm missing... how do I send the string "2 + 2 = 4" through and not have it arrive as "2 2 = 4"?

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• collecting a "+" via CGI

  - by Dr.Dredel

  I'm collecting text through a web form and noticing that when it is collected by my PERL CGI all instances of "+" are transformed into " ". I run the text through a javascript escape before submission, but escape seems to leave + unaltered. There must be something really obvious that I'm missing... how do I send the string "2 + 2 = 4" through and not have it arrive as "2 2 = 4" ??

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• String literals in python

  - by kjakeb

  Hello, Is there a way to declare a string variable in python such that everything inside of it is automatically escaped, or has its literal character value? I'm NOT asking how to escape the quotes with slashes, that's obvious. What I'm asking for is a general purpose way for making EVERYTHING in a string literal so that I don't have to manually go through and escape everything for very large strings. Anyone know of a solution? Thanks!

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• Exiting full screen mode in Flash

  - by OleK

  I am working on a flash game, that will be distributed as and EXE file. I would very much like the game to run full screen, which is not a problem, but I am struggling with replacing flash default behavior when escape is pressed. When escape is pressed I would like to display a custom menu asking the user if they want to exit the game or continue playing, not just exit full screen more. Is this possible in Flash?

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• getting emacs to move cursor by words on a Mac

  - by hatorade

  It's supposed to be M + cursor, but any shortcut in emacs using M (escape) on my mac sucks, because every time i need to use it, i need to release M (the escape key) and then press it again. Is there a better shortcut for moving along words in emacs (kind of like ctr + arrow in windows?)

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• How does CouchDB handle UTF-8?

  - by borghe

  I'm quite puzzled by CouchDB: if I send a PUT request with some JSON string fields encoded as UTF-8, the non 7 bit ASCII characters get converted to the "\uXXXX" escape sequence. Is there any way to tell it not to escape UNICODE?

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• Tooltips problem, making this javascript work with my smarty foreach loop, help pelase!

  - by Kyle Sevenoaks

  I am using an example of tooltips from http://www.dynamicdrive.com/dynamicindex5/stickytooltip.htm on www.euroworker.no/order I have this code here to work with, but it just doesn't seem to work correctly, I've tried everything I can think of (not a lot of things) Here's the code. {foreach from=$cart.cartItems item="item" name="cart"} <div class="{zebra loop="cart"}"> <div id="sgproductview"> <div id="cart2Varekode"> <p> {if $product.sku} <span class="param">{$item.product.sku}</span> {else} <span>{img src=$item.Product.DefaultImage.paths.1 alt=$item.Product.name_lang|escape}</span> {/if} </p> </div> <div id="cart2Produkt"> <p>{if $item.Product.ID} <a href="{productUrl product=$item.Product}" data-tooltip="sticky{$smarty.foreach.cart.iteration}" target="_blank">{$item.Product.name_lang|truncate:20}</a> {else} <span>{$item.Product.name_lang|truncate:20}</span> </a> {/if} </p> <p> {include file="order/itemVariations.tpl"} {include file="order/block/itemOptions.tpl"} {if $multi} {include file="order/selectItemAddress.tpl" item=$item} {/if} </p> </div> {if $item.Product.DefaultImage.paths.3} <div id="mystickytooltip" class="stickytooltip"> <div style="padding:5px;"> <div id="sticky1" class="atip" style="width:200px;"> <img src="{$item.Product.DefaultImage.paths.3}" alt="{$item.Product.name_lang|escape}"><br> {$item.Product.name_lang} </div> <div id="sticky2" class="atip" style="width:200px;"> <img src={$item.Product.DefaultImage.paths.3} alt="{$item.Product.name_lang|escape}"><br> {$item.formattedPrice} </div> <div id="sticky3" class="atip" style="width:200px;"> <img src="{$item.Product.DefaultImage.paths.3}" alt="{$item.Product.name_lang|escape}"><br> {$item.Product.name_lang}PRODUCT 3 </div> <div id="sticky4" class="atip" style="width:200px;"> <img src="{$item.Product.DefaultImage.paths.3}" alt="{$item.Product.name_lang|escape}"><br> {$item.Product.name_lang} </div> </div> </div> {/if} <div id="cart2Price"> <p class="actualPrice"> {$item.formattedPrice} </p> </div> <div id="salg"></div> <div id="cart2Salg"> <p></p> </div> <div id="antallbox"> <p class="cartQuant"> {textfield name="item_`$item.ID`" class="text"} </p> </div> <div id="cart2Total"> <p> {if $item.count == 1} <span class="basePrice">{$item.formattedBasePrice}</span><span class="actualPrice">{$item.formattedPrice}</span> {else} {$item.formattedDisplaySubTotal} <div class="subTotalCalc"> {$item.count} x <span class="basePrice">{$item.formattedBasePrice}</span><span class="actualPrice">{$item.formattedPrice}</span> </div> {/if} </p> </div> <div id="delete"> {if 'ENABLE_WISHLISTS'|config} <a href="{link controller=order action=moveToWishList id=$item.ID query="return=`$return`"}">{t _move_to_wishlist}</a> {/if} <a id="slett" href="{link controller=order action=delete id=$item.ID query="return=`$return`"}" title="Slett"><!--{t _remove}--></a> </div> </div> </div> {/foreach} Anyone can help? {html_image} doesn't work, by the way and all the extensions are present and correct.

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• Suppress task switch keys (winkey, alt-tab, alt-esc, ctrl-esc) using low-level keyboard hook

  - by matt

  I'm trying to suppress task switch keys (such as winkey, alt-tab, alt-esc, ctrl-esc, etc.) by using a low-level keyboard hook. I'm using the following LowLevelKeyboardProc callback: IntPtr HookCallback(int nCode, IntPtr wParam, ref KBDLLHOOKSTRUCT lParam) { if (nCode >= 0) { bool suppress = false; // Suppress left and right windows keys. if (lParam.Key == VK_LWIN || lParam.Key == VK_RWIN) suppress = true; // Suppress alt-tab. if (lParam.Key == VK_TAB && HasAltModifier(lParam.Flags)) suppress = true; // Suppress alt-escape. if (lParam.Key == VK_ESCAPE && HasAltModifier(lParam.Flags)) suppress = true; // Suppress ctrl-escape. /* How do I hook CTRL-ESCAPE ? */ // Suppress keys by returning 1. if (suppress) return new IntPtr(1); } return CallNextHookEx(HookID, nCode, wParam, ref lParam); } bool HasAltModifier(int flags) { return (flags & 0x20) == 0x20; } However, I'm at a loss as to how to suppress the CTRL-ESC combination. Any suggestions? Thanks.

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• Dot Matrix printing in C# ?

  - by Dale

  I'm trying to print to Dot Matrix printers (various models) out of C#, currently I'm using Win32 API (you can find alot of examples online) calls to send escape codes directly to the printer out of my C# application. This works great, but... My problem is because I'm generating the escape codes and not relying on the windows print system the printouts can't be sent to any "normal" printers or to things like PDF print drivers. (This is now causing a problem as we're trying to use the application on a 2008 Terminal Server using Easy Print [Which is XPS based]) The question is: How can I print formatted documents (invoices on pre-printed stationary) to Dot Matrix printers (Epson, Oki and Panasonic... various models) out of C# not using direct printing, escape codes etc. **Just to clarify, I'm trying things like GDI+ (System.Drawing.Printing) but the problem is that its very hard, to get things to line up like the old code did. (The old code sent the characters direct to the printer bypassing the windows driver.) Any suggestions how things could be improved so that they could use GDI+ but still line up like the old code did?

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• Separating Javascript functions

  - by msharma

  I am wondering how javascripts get included in a jsp - can we put any code which the jsp will recognize and not just javascript code only in the .js file? I have some common javascript code which needs to get executed on different pages, so I decided to place it in its own separate .js file and include it on all jsps which call that function. The js function now refers to a key from a properties file and some other non-javascript code: function openPrivacyStmntWindow(){ var url = <h:outputText escape="false" value="\"#{urls.url_privacyStatement}\";" /> newwindow=window.open(url,'Terms','height=600,width=800,left=300,top=100,scrollbars=1'); newwindow.focus(); return false; } This function worked just fine when it was included in the jsp itself. Now that I have separated it into its own file it doesnt, do I need to include the properties bundle in this file. The value="\"#{urls.url_privacyStatement}\";" is referring to a bundle called "urls" which has a key called "url_privacyStatement" Also in Line 1 var url = <h:outputText escape="false" value="\"#{urls.url_privacyStatement}\";" /> the <h:outputText escape="false" ... /> will it cause any issues? Thanks.

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• How to access method variables from within an anonymous function in JavaScript?

  - by Hussain

  I'm writing a small ajax class for personal use. In the class, I have a "post" method for sending post requests. The post method has a callback parameter. In the onreadystatechange propperty, I need to call the callback method. Something like this: this.requestObject.onreadystatechange = function() { callback(this.responseText); } However, I can't access the callback variable from within the anonomous function. How can I bring the callback variable into the scope of the onreadystatechange anonomous function? edit: Here's the full code so far: function request() { this.initialize = function(errorHandeler) { try { try { this.requestObject = new XDomainRequest(); } catch(e) { try { this.requestObject = new XMLHttpRequest(); } catch (e) { try { this.requestObject = new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP"); //newer versions of IE5+ } catch (e) { this.requestObject = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP"); //older versions of IE5+ } } } } catch(e) { errorHandeler(); } } this.post = function(url,data) { var response;var escapedData = ""; if (typeof data == 'object') { for (i in data) { escapedData += escape(i)+'='+escape(data[i])+'&'; } escapedData = escapedData.substr(0,escapedData.length-1); } else { escapedData = escape(data); } this.requestObject.open('post',url,true); this.requestObject.setRequestHeader("Content-type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"); this.requestObject.setRequestHeader("Content-length", data.length); this.requestObject.setRequestHeader("Connection", "close"); this.requestObject.onreadystatechange = function() { if (this.readyState == 4) { // call callback function } } this.requestObject.send(data); }

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• How to post non-latin1 data to non-UTF8 site using perl?

  - by ZyX

  I want to post russian text on a CP1251 site using LWP::UserAgent and get following results: $text="??????? ?????"; FIELD_NAME => $text # result: ??? ?'???'???'?????????????? ?'?'?????????'???'?' $text=Encode::decode_utf8($text); FIELD_NAME => $text # result: ? ???????????? ?'???????' FIELD_NAME => Encode::encode("cp1251", $text) # result: ?????+?+?????? ???????+?? FIELD_NAME => URI::Escape::uri_escape_utf8($text) # result: D0%a0%d1%83%d1%81%d1%81%d0%ba%d0%b8%d0%b9%20%d1%82%d0%b5%d0%ba%d1%81%d1%82 How can I do this? Content-Type must be x-www-form-urlencoded. You can find similar form here, but there you can just escape any non-latin character using &#...; form, trying to escape it in FIELD_NAME results in 10561091108910891 10901077108210891 (every &, # and ; stripped out of the string).

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• Javascript Cookie Function not working for Domain

  - by danit

  Here are the functions Im using: Set Cookie: function set_cookie ( name, value, exp_y, exp_m, exp_d, path, domain, secure ) { var cookie_string = name + "=" + escape ( value ); if ( exp_y ) { var expires = new Date ( exp_y, exp_m, exp_d ); cookie_string += "; expires=" + expires.toGMTString(); } if ( path ) cookie_string += "; path=" + escape ( path ); if ( domain ) cookie_string += "; domain=" + escape ( domain ); if ( secure ) cookie_string += "; secure"; document.cookie = cookie_string; } Read Cookie: function get_cookie ( cookie_name ) { var results = document.cookie.match ( '(^|;) ?' + cookie_name + '=([^;]*)(;|$)' ); if ( results ) return ( unescape ( results[2] ) ); else return null; } Delete Cookie: function delete_cookie ( cookie_name ) { var cookie_date = new Date ( ); // current date & time cookie_date.setTime ( cookie_date.getTime() - 1 ); document.cookie = cookie_name += "=; expires=" + cookie_date.toGMTString(); } The Jquery I use to construct the cookie: if(get_cookie('visible')== 'no') { $("#wrapper").hide(); $(".help").hide(); $("#slid .show").show(); $("#slid .hide").hide(); } else { $("#slid .show").hide(); $("#slid .hide").show(); } $("#slider").click(function() { if(get_cookie('visible')== null) { set_cookie('visible','no', 2020, 01,01, '/', 'domain.com'); } else { delete_cookie('visible'); } $(".help").slideToggle(); $("#wrapper").animate({ opacity: 1.0 },200).slideToggle(200, function() { $("#slid img").toggle(); }); }); Im trying to set the cookie for all pages that exist under domain.com with the path '/'. However using these functions and jQuery it doesn't appear to be working, any anyone give me an idea of where im going wrong?

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• Properly escaping forward slash in bash script for usage with sed

  - by user331839

  I'm trying to determine the size of the files that would be newly copied when syncing two folders by running rsync in dry mode and then summing up the sizes of the files listed in the output of rsync. Currently I'm stuck at prefixing the files by their parent folder. I found out how to prefix lines using sed and how to escape using sed, but I'm having troubles combining those two. This is how far I got: source="/my/source/folder/" target="/my/target/folder/" escaped=`echo "$source" | sed -e 's/[\/&]/\\//g'` du `rsync -ahnv $source $target | tail -n +2 | head -n -3 | sed "s/^/$escaped/"` | awk '{i+=$1} END {print i}' This is the output I get from bash -x myscript.sh + source=/my/source/folder/ + target=/my/target/folder ++ echo /my/source/folder/ ++ sed -e 's/[\/&]/\//g' + escaped=/my/source/folder/ + awk '{i+=$1} END {print i}' ++ rsync -ahnv /my/source/folder/ /my/target/folder/ ++ sed 's/^//my/source/folder//' ++ head -n -3 ++ tail -n +2 sed: -e expression #1, char 8: unknown option to `s' + du 80268 Any ideas on how to properly escape would be highly appreciated.

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• Odd behavior on Shift-{Esc,Fx}

  - by ??????? ???????????

  Sometimes, when changing between the modes in Vim, I forget to take my finger off the Shift key. This innocent mistake is probably part of the luggage carried over from other terminals, but I have never seen my input treated this way. After changing from command mode to input mode, if I hit the Esc key while the Shift key is down, Vim will display <9b (Control Sequence Introducer) instead of switching to the command mode. At least two work-arounds to this intended behavior are available on the mintty site (faq, issue). " Avoiding escape timeout issues in vim :let &t_ti.="\e[?7727h" :let &t_te.="\e[?7727l" :noremap <EscO[ <Esc :noremap! <EscO[ <Esc " Remap escape :imap <special <CSI <ESC My question is about the syntax and the meaning of the first solution. From the looks of it, it seems like t_ti is being assigned a literal value, but I'm not sure why the "c address-of" operator is required. I'm also not sure why there are two noremap statements.

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• Closing telnet connection gracefully from session mode itself without going to telnet prompt.

  - by Kumar Alok

  a normal telnet connection is like this: telnet localhost 22 Trying 127.0.0.1... Connected to localhost. Escape character is '^]'. SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_4.2 ^] telnet close Connection closed. I want to close it from telnet session itself without coming to telnet prompt by pressing. My requirement is that if i press some control character from telnet session itself like CTRL+A so it will come out of session and close it automatically. something like this: $ telnet localhost 22 Trying 127.0.0.1... Connected to localhost. Escape character is '^]'. SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_4.2 ^A Connection closed. $ I tried all the options given at the man page and tried to do some $HOME/.telnetrc file tests but couldn't achieve it, as telnetrc will execute all the commands written in it with the given host whenever a telnet to that host is done. Can anyone help me in this, like how it can be achieved.

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• StoreGeneratedPattern T4 EntityFramework concern

  - by LoganWolfer

  Hi everyone, Here's the situation : I use SQL Server 2008 R2, SQL Replication, Visual Studio 2010, EntityFramework 4, C# 4. The course-of-action from our DBA is to use a rowguid column for SQL Replication to work with our setup. These columns need to have a StoreGeneratedPattern property set to Computed on every one of these columns. The problem : Every time the T4 template regenerate our EDMX (ADO.NET Entity Data Model) file (for example, when we update it from our database), I need to go manually in the EDMX XML file to add this property to every one of them. It has to go from this : <Property Name="rowguid" Type="uniqueidentifier" Nullable="false" /> To this : <Property Name="rowguid" Type="uniqueidentifier" Nullable="false" StoreGeneratedPattern="Computed"/> The solution : I'm trying to find a way to customize an ADO.NET EntityObject Generator T4 file to generate a StoreGeneratedPattern="Computed" to every rowguid that I have. I'm fairly new to T4, I only did customization to AddView and AddController T4 templates for ASP.NET MVC 2, like List.tt for example. I've looked through the EF T4 file, and I can't seem to find through this monster where I could do that (and how). My best guess is somewhere in this part of the file, line 544 to 618 of the original ADO.NET EntityObject Generator T4 file : //////// //////// Write PrimitiveType Properties. //////// private void WritePrimitiveTypeProperty(EdmProperty primitiveProperty, CodeGenerationTools code) { MetadataTools ef = new MetadataTools(this); #> /// <summary> /// <#=SummaryComment(primitiveProperty)#> /// </summary><#=LongDescriptionCommentElement(primitiveProperty, 1)#> [EdmScalarPropertyAttribute(EntityKeyProperty=<#=code.CreateLiteral(ef.IsKey(primitiveProperty))#>, IsNullable=<#=code.CreateLiteral(ef.IsNullable(primitiveProperty))#>)] [DataMemberAttribute()] <#=code.SpaceAfter(NewModifier(primitiveProperty))#><#=Accessibility.ForProperty(primitiveProperty)#> <#=code.Escape(primitiveProperty.TypeUsage)#> <#=code.Escape(primitiveProperty)#> { <#=code.SpaceAfter(Accessibility.ForGetter(primitiveProperty))#>get { <#+ if (ef.ClrType(primitiveProperty.TypeUsage) == typeof(byte[])) { #> return StructuralObject.GetValidValue(<#=code.FieldName(primitiveProperty)#>); <#+ } else { #> return <#=code.FieldName(primitiveProperty)#>; <#+ } #> } <#=code.SpaceAfter(Accessibility.ForSetter((primitiveProperty)))#>set { <#+ if (ef.IsKey(primitiveProperty)) { if (ef.ClrType(primitiveProperty.TypeUsage) == typeof(byte[])) { #> if (!StructuralObject.BinaryEquals(<#=code.FieldName(primitiveProperty)#>, value)) <#+ } else { #> if (<#=code.FieldName(primitiveProperty)#> != value) <#+ } #> { <#+ PushIndent(CodeRegion.GetIndent(1)); } #> <#=ChangingMethodName(primitiveProperty)#>(value); ReportPropertyChanging("<#=primitiveProperty.Name#>"); <#=code.FieldName(primitiveProperty)#> = StructuralObject.SetValidValue(value<#=OptionalNullableParameterForSetValidValue(primitiveProperty, code)#>); ReportPropertyChanged("<#=primitiveProperty.Name#>"); <#=ChangedMethodName(primitiveProperty)#>(); <#+ if (ef.IsKey(primitiveProperty)) { PopIndent(); #> } <#+ } #> } } private <#=code.Escape(primitiveProperty.TypeUsage)#> <#=code.FieldName(primitiveProperty)#><#=code.StringBefore(" = ", code.CreateLiteral(primitiveProperty.DefaultValue))#>; partial void <#=ChangingMethodName(primitiveProperty)#>(<#=code.Escape(primitiveProperty.TypeUsage)#> value); partial void <#=ChangedMethodName(primitiveProperty)#>(); <#+ } Any help would be appreciated. Thanks in advance. EDIT : Didn't find answer to this problem yet, if anyone have ideas to automate this, would really be appreciated.

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• Diagnosing xmodmap errors

  - by intuited

  I'm getting this error when trying to use xmodmap to get rid of caps lock: $ xmodmap -e 'clear Lock' X Error of failed request: BadValue (integer parameter out of range for operation) Major opcode of failed request: 118 (X_SetModifierMapping) Value in failed request: 0x17 Serial number of failed request: 8 Current serial number in output stream: 8 I'm running xfce on Maverick "10.10" Meercat. This problem did not occur before I added the Keyboard Layouts applet to a panel; before doing that, I was able to run my xmodmap script to swap Esc and CapsLock: !Remap Caps_Lock as Escape remove Lock = Caps_Lock keysym Caps_Lock = Escape It may be relevant that I chose alt-capslock as the keyboard switch combo in the Keyboard Layouts preferences. I've had a similar problem before, on a different machine, running openbox. On that machine, this problem started when I upgraded to Lucid, and has persisted in Maverick (release 10.10). I reported a bug in xorg. However, it remains unclear whether it's really a problem with xorg, or if I'm just doing something wrong with my configuration. Have other people experienced this problem? Can someone shed some light on what's going on here? It seems there are quite a few layers involved, and I don't understand any of them particularly well, so any information would be helpful. update I've discovered that the problem is specifically triggered by adding the Canada layout variant "Multilingual" (ca-multix). If I instead add the variant "Multilingual (first part)", the problem does not occur. I think this will probably end up being a usable workaround, but I don't yet know what the difference between these variants is. I've filed a freedesktop issue, and am commenting on a related ubuntu issue.

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• Diagnosing xmodmap errors

  - by intuited

  I'm getting this error when trying to use xmodmap to get rid of caps lock: $ xmodmap -e 'clear Lock' X Error of failed request: BadValue (integer parameter out of range for operation) Major opcode of failed request: 118 (X_SetModifierMapping) Value in failed request: 0x17 Serial number of failed request: 8 Current serial number in output stream: 8 I'm running xfce on Maverick "10.10" Meercat. This problem did not occur before I added the Keyboard Layouts applet to a panel; before doing that, I was able to run my xmodmap script to swap Esc and CapsLock: !Remap Caps_Lock as Escape remove Lock = Caps_Lock keysym Caps_Lock = Escape It may be relevant that I chose alt-capslock as the keyboard switch combo in the Keyboard Layouts preferences. I've had a similar problem before, on a different machine, running openbox. On that machine, this problem started when I upgraded to Lucid, and has persisted in Maverick (release 10.10). I reported a bug in xorg. However, it remains unclear whether it's really a problem with xorg, or if I'm just doing something wrong with my configuration. Have other people experienced this problem? Can someone shed some light on what's going on here? It seems there are quite a few layers involved, and I don't understand any of them particularly well, so any information would be helpful. update I've discovered that the problem is specifically triggered by adding the Canada layout variant "Multilingual" (ca-multix). If I instead add the variant "Multilingual (first part)", the problem does not occur. I think this will probably end up being a usable workaround, but I don't yet know what the difference between these variants is. I've filed a freedesktop issue, and am commenting on a related ubuntu issue.

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• Can the csv format be defined by a regex?

  - by Spencer Rathbun

  A colleague and I have recently argued over whether a pure regex is capable of fully encapsulating the csv format, such that it is capable of parsing all files with any given escape char, quote char, and separator char. The regex need not be capable of changing these chars after creation, but it must not fail on any other edge case. I have argued that this is impossible for just a tokenizer. The only regex that might be able to do this is a very complex PCRE style that moves beyond just tokenizing. I am looking for something along the lines of: ... the csv format is a context free grammar and as such, it is impossible to parse with regex alone ... Or am I wrong? Is it possible to parse csv with just a POSIX regex? For example, if both the escape char and the quote char are ", then these two lines are valid csv: """this is a test.""","" "and he said,""What will be, will be."", to which I replied, ""Surely not!""","moving on to the next field here..."

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• Formal Languages, Inductive Proofs &amp; Regular Expressions

  - by MarkPearl

  So I am slogging away at my UNISA stuff. I have just finished doing the initial once non stop read through the first 11 chapters of my COS 201 Textbook - “Introduction to Computer Theory 2nd Edition” by Daniel Cohen. It has been an interesting couple of days, with familiar concepts coming up as well as some new territory. In this posting I am going to cover the first couple of chapters of the book. Let start with Formal Languages… What exactly is a formal language? Pretty much a no duh question for me but still a good one to ask – a formal language is a language that is defined in a precise mathematical way. Does that mean that the English language is a formal language? I would say no – and my main motivation for this is that one can have an English sentence that is correct grammatically that is also ambiguous. For example the ambiguous sentence: "I once shot an elephant in my pyjamas.” For this and possibly many other reasons that I am unaware of, English is termed a “Natural Language”. So why the importance of formal languages in computer science? Again a no duh question in my mind… If we want computers to be effective and useful tools then we need them to be able to evaluate a series of commands in some form of language that when interpreted by the device no confusion will exist as to what we were requesting. Imagine the mayhem that would exist if a computer misinterpreted a command to print a document and instead decided to delete it. So what is a Formal Language made up of… For my study purposes a language is made up of a finite alphabet. For a formal language to exist there needs to be a specification on the language that will describe whether a string of characters has membership in the language or not. There are two basic ways to do this: By a “machine” that will recognize strings of the language (e.g. Finite Automata). By a rule that describes how strings of a language can be formed (e.g. Regular Expressions). When we use the phrase “string of characters”, we can also be referring to a “word”. What is an Inductive Proof? So I am not to far into my textbook and of course it starts referring to proofs and different types. I have had to go through several different approaches of proofs in the past, but I can never remember their formal names , so when I saw “inductive proof” I thought to myself – what the heck is that? Google to the rescue… An inductive proof is like a normal proof but it employs a neat trick which allows you to prove a statement about an arbitrary number n by first proving it is true when n is 1 and then assuming it is true for n=k and showing it is true for n=k+1. The idea is that if you want to show that someone can climb to the nth floor of a fire escape, you need only show that you can climb the ladder up to the fire escape (n=1) and then show that you know how to climb the stairs from any level of the fire escape (n=k) to the next level (n=k+1). Does this sound like a form of recursion? No surprise then that in the same chapter they deal with recursive definitions. An example of a recursive definition for the language EVEN would the 3 rules below: 2 is in EVEN If x is in EVEN then so is x+2 The only elements in the set EVEN are those that be produced by the rules above. Nothing to exciting… So if a definition for a language is done recursively, then it makes sense that the language can be proved using induction. Regular Expressions So I am wondering to myself what use is this all – in fact – I find this the biggest challenge to any university material is that it is quite hard to find the immediate practical applications of some theory in real life stuff. How great was my joy when I suddenly saw the word regular expression being introduced. I had been introduced to regular expressions on Stack Overflow where I was trying to recognize if some text measurement put in by a user was in a valid form or not. For instance, the imperial system of measurement where you have feet and inches can be represented in so many different ways. I had eventually turned to regular expressions as an easy way to check if my parser could correctly parse the text or not and convert it to a normalize measurement. So some rules about languages and regular expressions… Any finite language can be represented by at least one if not more regular expressions A regular expressions is almost a rule syntax for expressing how regular languages can be formed regular expressions are cool For a regular expression to be valid for a language it must be able to generate all the words in the language and no other words. This is important. It doesn’t help me if my regular expression parses 100% of my measurement texts but also lets one or two invalid texts to pass as well. Okay, so this posting jumps around a bit – but introduces some very basic fundamentals for the subject which will be built on in later postings… Time to go and do some practical examples now…

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• How to Increase the VMWare Boot Screen Delay

  - by Trevor Bekolay

  If you’ve wanted to try out a bootable CD or USB flash drive in a virtual machine environment, you’ve probably noticed that VMWare’s offerings make it difficult to change the boot device. We’ll show you how to change these options. You can do this either for one boot, or permanently for a particular virtual machine. Even experienced users of VMWare Player or Workstation may not recognize the screen above – it’s the virtual machine’s BIOS, which in most cases flashes by in the blink of an eye. If you want to boot up the virtual machine with a CD or USB key instead of the hard drive, then you’ll need more than an eye’s-blink to press Escape and bring up the Boot Menu. Fortunately, there is a way to introduce a boot delay that isn’t exposed in VMWare’s graphical interface – you have to edit the virtual machine’s settings file (a .vmx file) manually. Editing the Virtual Machine’s .vmx Find the .vmx file that contains the settings for your virtual machine. You chose a location for this when you created the virtual machine – in Windows, the default location is a folder called My Virtual Machines in your My Documents folder. In VMWare Workstation, the location of the .vmx file is listed on the virtual machine’s tab. If in doubt, search your hard drive for .vmx files. If you don’t want to use Windows default search, an awesome utility that locates files instantly is Everything. Open the .vmx file with any text editor. Somewhere in this file, enter in the following line… save the file, then close out of the text editor: bios.bootdelay = 20000 This will introduce a 20 second delay when the virtual machine loads up, giving you plenty of time to press the Escape button and access the boot menu. The number in this line is just a value in milliseconds, so for a five second boot delay, enter 5000, and so on. Change Boot Options Temporarily Now, when you boot up your virtual machine, you’ll have plenty of time to enter one of the keystrokes listed at the bottom of the BIOS screen on boot-up. Press Escape to bring up the Boot Menu. This allows you to select a different device to boot from – like a CD drive. Your selection will be forgotten the next time you boot up this virtual machine. Change Boot Options Permanently When the BIOS screen comes up, press F2 to enter the BIOS Setup menu. Switch to the Boot tab, and change the ordering of the items by pressing the “+” key to move items up on the list, and the “-” key to move items down the list. We’ve switched the order so that the CD-ROM Drive boots first. Once you make this change permanent, you may want to re-edit the .vmx file to remove the boot delay. Boot from a USB Flash Drive One thing that is noticeably missing from the list of boot options is a USB device. VMWare’s BIOS just does not allow this, but we can get around that limitation using the PLoP Boot Manager that we’ve previously written about. And as a bonus, since everything is virtual anyway, there’s no need to actually burn PLoP to a CD. Open the settings for the virtual machine you want to boot with a USB drive. Click on Add… at the bottom of the settings screen, and select CD/DVD Drive. Click Next. Click the Use ISO Image radio button, and click Next. Browse to find plpbt.iso or plpbtnoemul.iso from the PLoP zip file. Ensure that Connect at power on is checked, and then click Finish. Click OK on the main Virtual Machine Settings page. Now, if you use the steps above to boot using that CD/DVD drive, PLoP will load, allowing you to boot from a USB drive! Conclusion We’re big fans of VMWare Player and Workstation, as they let us try out a ton of geeky things without worrying about harming our systems. By introducing a boot delay, we can add bootable CDs and USB drives to the list of geeky things we can try out. Download PLoP Boot Manager Similar Articles Productive Geek Tips How To Switch to Console Mode for Ubuntu VMware GuestHack: Turn Off Debug Mode in VMWare Workstation 6 BetaStart Your Computer More Quickly by Delaying the Startup of a Service in VistaEnable Hidden BootScreen in Windows VistaEnable Copy and Paste from Ubuntu VMware Guest TouchFreeze Alternative in AutoHotkey The Icy Undertow Desktop Windows Home Server – Backup to LAN The Clear & Clean Desktop Use This Bookmarklet to Easily Get Albums Use AutoHotkey to Assign a Hotkey to a Specific Window Latest Software Reviews Tinyhacker Random Tips DVDFab 6 Revo Uninstaller Pro Registry Mechanic 9 for Windows PC Tools Internet Security Suite 2010 OutlookStatView Scans and Displays General Usage Statistics How to Add Exceptions to the Windows Firewall Office 2010 reviewed in depth by Ed Bott FoxClocks adds World Times in your Statusbar (Firefox) Have Fun Editing Photo Editing with Citrify Outlook Connector Upgrade Error

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