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• A Method for Reducing Contention and Overhead in Worker Queues for Multithreaded Java Applications

  - by Janice J. Heiss

  A java.net article, rich in practical resources, by IBM India Labs’ Sathiskumar Palaniappan, Kavitha Varadarajan, and Jayashree Viswanathan, explores the challenge of writing code in a way that that effectively makes use of the resources of modern multicore processors and multiprocessor servers.As the article states: “Many server applications, such as Web servers, application servers, database servers, file servers, and mail servers, maintain worker queues and thread pools to handle large numbers of short tasks that arrive from remote sources. In general, a ‘worker queue’ holds all the short tasks that need to be executed, and the threads in the thread pool retrieve the tasks from the worker queue and complete the tasks. Since multiple threads act on the worker queue, adding tasks to and deleting tasks from the worker queue needs to be synchronized, which introduces contention in the worker queue.” The article goes on to explain ways that developers can reduce contention by maintaining one queue per thread. It also demonstrates a work-stealing technique that helps in effectively utilizing the CPU in multicore systems. Read the rest of the article here.

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• Error java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: getNewTla using Oracle EPM products

  - by Marc Schumacher

  Running into a Java out of memory error, it is very common behaviour in the field that the Java heap size will be increased. While this might help to solve a heap space out of memory error, it might not help to fix an out of memory error for the Thread Local Area (TLA). Increasing the available heap space from 1 GB to 16 GB might not even help in this situation. The Thread Local Area (TLA) is part of the Java heap, but as the name already indicates, this memory area is local to a specific thread so there is no need to synchronize with other threads using this memory area. For optimization purposes the TLA size is configurable using the Java command line option “-XXtlasize”. Depending on the JRockit version and the available Java heap, the default values vary. Using Oracle EPM System (mainly 11.1.2.x) the following setting was tested successfully: -XXtlasize:min=8k,preferred=128k More information about the “-XXtlasize” parameter can be found in the JRockit documentation: http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E13150_01/jrockit_jvm/jrockit/jrdocs/refman/optionXX.html

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• SQL Server Training in the UK–SSIS, MDX, Admin, MDS, Internals

  - by simonsabin

  If you are looking for SQL Server training they there is no better place to start than a new company Technitrain Its been setup by a fellow MVP and SQLBits Organiser Chris Webb. Why this company rather than any others? Training based on real world experience by the best in the business. The key to Technitrain’s model is not to cram the shelves high with courses and get some average Joe trainers to deliver them. Technitrain bring in world renowned experts in their fields to deliver courses written...(read more)

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• Just when you thought it was safe..........

  - by GrumpyOldDBA

  One of my duties is to handle software releases to our Production system, as is my want I always run my eye down any schema changes, this new object stood out for a number of reasons. I may add this to my interview questions: SET ANSI_NULLS ON SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON GO IF NOT EXISTS ( SELECT 1 FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA= 'dbo' AND TABLE_NAME= 'MSPaymentForExtraction' ) BEGIN CREATE TABLE [dbo].[MSPaymentForExtraction]([MSPaymentID] [ int ] NOT NULL IDENTITY...(read more)

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• HPCM 11.1.2.2.x - HPCM Standard Costing Generating >99 Calc Scipts

  - by Jane Story

  HPCM Standard Profitability calculation scripts are named based on a documented naming convention. From 11.1.2.2.x, the script name = a script suffix (1 letter) + POV identifier (3 digits) + Stage Order Number (1 digit) + “_” + index (2 digits) (please see documentation for more information (http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E17236_01/epm.1112/hpm_admin/apes01.html). This naming convention results in the name being 8 characters in length i.e. the maximum number of characters permitted calculation script names in non-unicode Essbase BSO databases. The index in the name will indicate the number of scripts per stage. In the vast majority of cases, the number of scripts generated per stage will be significantly less than 100 and therefore, there will be no issue. However, in some cases, the number of scripts generated can exceed 99. It is unusual for an application to generate more than 99 calculation scripts for one stage. This may indicate that explicit assignments are being extensively used. An assessment should be made of the design to see if assignment rules can be used instead. Assignment rules will reduce the need for so many calculation script lines which will reduce the requirement for such a large number of calculation scripts. In cases where the scripts generates exceeds 100, the length of the name of the 100th calculation script is different from the 99th as the calculation script name changes from being 8 characters long and becomes 9 characters long (e.g. A6811_100 rather than A6811_99). A name of 9 characters is not permitted in non Unicode applications. It is “too long”. When this occurs, an error will show in the hpcm.log as “Error processing calculation scripts” and “Unexpected error in business logic “. Further down the log, it is possible to see that this is “Caused by: Error copying object “ and “Caused by: com.essbase.api.base.EssException: Cannot put olap file object ... object name_[<calc script name> e.g. A6811_100] too long for non-unicode mode application”. The error file will give the name of the calculation script which is causing the issue. In my example, this is A6811_100 and you can see this is 9 characters in length. It is not possible to increase the number of characters allowed in a calculation script name. However, it is possible to increase the size of each calculation script. The default for an HPCM application, set in the preferences, is set to 4mb. If the size of each calculation script is larger, the number of scripts generated will reduce and, therefore, less than 100 scripts will be generated which means that the name of the calculation script will remain 8 characters long. To increase the size of the generated calculation scripts for an application, in the HPM_APPLICATION_PREFERENCE table for the application, find the row where HPM_PREFERENCE_NAME_ID=20. The default value in this row is 4194304. This can be increased e.g. 7340032 will increase this to 7mb. Please restart the profitability service after making the change.

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• OBIEE 11.1.1 - How to enable HTTP compression and caching in Oracle iPlanet Web Server

  - by Ahmed Awan

  1. To implement HTTP compression / caching, install and configure Oracle iPlanet Web Server 7.0.x for the bi_serverN Managed Servers (refer to document http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E23943_01/web.1111/e16435/iplanet.htm) 2. On the Oracle iPlanet Web Server machine, open the file Administrator's Configuration (obj.conf) for editing. (Guidelines for modifying the obj.conf file is available at http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E19146-01/821-1827/821-1827.pdf) 3. Add the following lines in obj.conf file inside <Object name="default"> . </Object> and restart the Oracle iPlanet Web Server machine: #HTTP Caching <If $path =~ '^(.*)\.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|css|js)$'> ObjectType fn="set-variable" insert-srvhdrs="Expires:$(httpdate($time + 864000))" </If>   <If $path =~ '^(.*)\.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|css|js)$'> PathCheck fn="set-cache-control" control="public,max-age=864000" </If>   #HTTP Compression   Output fn="insert-filter" filter="http-compression" vary="false" compression-level="9" fragment_size="8096"

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• EPM Planning 11.1.2 - MassGridStatistics

  - by Keith Rosenthal

  A utility is available for Oracle Hyperion Planning that determines web form load times.  This utility, MassGridStatistics, opens all web forms within the Planning application.  After the forms are opened, an html page will appear showing the form options, suppression, number of row column and page members, and load times.  Any form having a load time longer than one second could potentially have scalability issues in a multi-user environment and should be considered for re-design.  Adding suppression (especially block suppression) and reducing the number of rows and columns are potential fixes that will reduce load times. The MassGridStatistics utility is located in a .7z file called MassGridStatistics.7z.  Extract the file using 7-Zip.  A readme file is provided listing the installation instructions and the steps to run the utility. MassGridStatistics is included with the 11.1.2.1.101 patch set and will also be in all future releases starting with 11.1.2.2.  For earlier Planning releases, an SR will be necessary to have Support provide the utility.

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• EXALYTICS - If Oracle BI Server Does Not Fail Over to the TimesTen Instance

  - by Ahmed Awan

  If the BI Server does not fail over to the second TimesTen instance on the scaled-out node, then ensure that the logical table source (LTS) for the repository has mapped both TimesTen physical data sources. This mapping ensures that at the logical table source level, a mapping exists to both TimesTen instances. If one TimesTen instance is not available, then failover logic for the BI Server at the DSN level tries to connect to the other TimesTen instance. Reference: http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E23943_01/bi.1111/e24706/toc.htm

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• Performance triage

  - by Dave

  Folks often ask me how to approach a suspected performance issue. My personal strategy is informed by the fact that I work on concurrency issues. (When you have a hammer everything looks like a nail, but I'll try to keep this general). A good starting point is to ask yourself if the observed performance matches your expectations. Expectations might be derived from known system performance limits, prototypes, and other software or environments that are comparable to your particular system-under-test. Some simple comparisons and microbenchmarks can be useful at this stage. It's also useful to write some very simple programs to validate some of the reported or expected system limits. Can that disk controller really tolerate and sustain 500 reads per second? To reduce the number of confounding factors it's better to try to answer that question with a very simple targeted program. And finally, nothing beats having familiarity with the technologies that underlying your particular layer. On the topic of confounding factors, as our technology stacks become deeper and less transparent, we often find our own technology working against us in some unexpected way to choke performance rather than simply running into some fundamental system limit. A good example is the warm-up time needed by just-in-time compilers in Java Virtual Machines. I won't delve too far into that particular hole except to say that it's rare to find good benchmarks and methodology for java code. Another example is power management on x86. Power management is great, but it can take a while for the CPUs to throttle up from low(er) frequencies to full throttle. And while I love "turbo" mode, it makes benchmarking applications with multiple threads a chore as you have to remember to turn it off and then back on otherwise short single-threaded runs may look abnormally fast compared to runs with higher thread counts. In general for performance characterization I disable turbo mode and fix the power governor at "performance" state. Another source of complexity is the scheduler, which I've discussed in prior blog entries. Lets say I have a running application and I want to better understand its behavior and performance. We'll presume it's warmed up, is under load, and is an execution mode representative of what we think the norm would be. It should be in steady-state, if a steady-state mode even exists. On Solaris the very first thing I'll do is take a set of "pstack" samples. Pstack briefly stops the process and walks each of the stacks, reporting symbolic information (if available) for each frame. For Java, pstack has been augmented to understand java frames, and even report inlining. A few pstack samples can provide powerful insight into what's actually going on inside the program. You'll be able to see calling patterns, which threads are blocked on what system calls or synchronization constructs, memory allocation, etc. If your code is CPU-bound then you'll get a good sense where the cycles are being spent. (I should caution that normal C/C++ inlining can diffuse an otherwise "hot" method into other methods. This is a rare instance where pstack sampling might not immediately point to the key problem). At this point you'll need to reconcile what you're seeing with pstack and your mental model of what you think the program should be doing. They're often rather different. And generally if there's a key performance issue, you'll spot it with a moderate number of samples. I'll also use OS-level observability tools to lock for the existence of bottlenecks where threads contend for locks; other situations where threads are blocked; and the distribution of threads over the system. On Solaris some good tools are mpstat and too a lesser degree, vmstat. Try running "mpstat -a 5" in one window while the application program runs concurrently. One key measure is the voluntary context switch rate "vctx" or "csw" which reflects threads descheduling themselves. It's also good to look at the user; system; and idle CPU percentages. This can give a broad but useful understanding if your threads are mostly parked or mostly running. For instance if your program makes heavy use of malloc/free, then it might be the case you're contending on the central malloc lock in the default allocator. In that case you'd see malloc calling lock in the stack traces, observe a high csw/vctx rate as threads block for the malloc lock, and your "usr" time would be less than expected. Solaris dtrace is a wonderful and invaluable performance tool as well, but in a sense you have to frame and articulate a meaningful and specific question to get a useful answer, so I tend not to use it for first-order screening of problems. It's also most effective for OS and software-level performance issues as opposed to HW-level issues. For that reason I recommend mpstat & pstack as my the 1st step in performance triage. If some other OS-level issue is evident then it's good to switch to dtrace to drill more deeply into the problem. Only after I've ruled out OS-level issues do I switch to using hardware performance counters to look for architectural impediments.

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• Essbase BSO Data Fragmentation

  - by Ann Donahue

  Essbase BSO Data Fragmentation Data fragmentation naturally occurs in Essbase Block Storage (BSO) databases where there are a lot of end user data updates, incremental data loads, many lock and send, and/or many calculations executed.  If an Essbase database starts to experience performance slow-downs, this is an indication that there may be too much fragmentation.  See Chapter 54 Improving Essbase Performance in the Essbase DBA Guide for more details on measuring and eliminating fragmentation: http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E17236_01/epm.1112/esb_dbag/daprcset.html Fragmentation is likely to occur in the following situations: Read/write databases that users are constantly updating data Databases that execute calculations around the clock Databases that frequently update and recalculate dense members Data loads that are poorly designed Databases that contain a significant number of Dynamic Calc and Store members Databases that use an isolation level of uncommitted access with commit block set to zero There are two types of data block fragmentation Free space tracking, which is measured using the Average Fragmentation Quotient statistic. Block order on disk, which is measured using the Average Cluster Ratio statistic. Average Fragmentation Quotient The Average Fragmentation Quotient ratio measures free space in a given database.  As you update and calculate data, empty spaces occur when a block can no longer fit in its original space and will either append at the end of the file or fit in another empty space that is large enough.  These empty spaces take up space in the .PAG files.  The higher the number the more empty spaces you have, therefore, the bigger the .PAG file and the longer it takes to traverse through the .PAG file to get to a particular record.  An Average Fragmentation Quotient value of 3.174765 means the database is 3% fragmented with free space. Average Cluster Ratio Average Cluster Ratio describes the order the blocks actually exist in the database. An Average Cluster Ratio number of 1 means all the blocks are ordered in the correct sequence in the order of the Outline.  As you load data and calculate data blocks, the sequence can start to be out of order.  This is because when you write to a block it may not be able to place back in the exact same spot in the database that it existed before.  The lower this number the more out of order it becomes and the more it affects performance.  An Average Cluster Ratio value of 1 means no fragmentation.  Any value lower than 1 i.e. 0.01032828 means the data blocks are getting further out of order from the outline order. Eliminating Data Block Fragmentation Both types of data block fragmentation can be removed by doing a dense restructure or export/clear/import of the data.  There are two types of dense restructure: 1. Implicit Restructures Implicit dense restructure happens when outline changes are done using EAS Outline Editor or Dimension Build. Essbase restructures create new .PAG files restructuring the data blocks in the .PAG files. When Essbase restructures the data blocks, it regenerates the index automatically so that index entries point to the new data blocks. Empty blocks are NOT removed with implicit restructures. 2. Explicit Restructures Explicit dense restructure happens when a manual initiation of the database restructure is executed. An explicit dense restructure is a full restructure which comprises of a dense restructure as outlined above plus the removal of empty blocks Empty Blocks vs. Fragmentation The existence of empty blocks is not considered fragmentation.  Empty blocks can be created through calc scripts or formulas.  An empty block will add to an existing database block count and will be included in the block counts of the database properties.  There are no statistics for empty blocks.  The only way to determine if empty blocks exist in an Essbase database is to record your current block count, export the entire database, clear the database then import the exported data.  If the block count decreased, the difference is the number of empty blocks that had existed in the database.

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• EPM 11.1.2.1 - Smartview client and HFM office provider

  - by user809526

  If your connection to the smartview provider is very slow, because the login part takes a long time (user directory slowness, ...), consider adding on the desktop side a Windows parameter: HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\InternetSettings\ ReceiveTimeout 300000 to avoid being prompted over and over again for username/password This is an addition to the support doc id: "Smart View 11.1.2.1 Keeps Prompting For Username And Password For Financial Management Provider [ID 1353294.1]"

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• Scream if you want to go faster

  - by simonsabin

  My session for 24hrs of pass on High Performance functions will be starting at 11:00 GMT thats migdnight for folks in the UK. To attend follow this link https://www.livemeeting.com/cc/8000181573/join?id=N5Q8S7&role=attend&pw=d2%28_KmN3r The rest of the sessions can be found here http://www.sqlpass.org/24hours/2010/Sessions/ChronologicalOrder.aspx So far the sessions have been great so no pressure :( See you there in 4.5 hrs...(read more)

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• Programming language specific package management systems

  - by m0nhawk

  There are some programming languages for which exist their own package management systems: CTAN for TeX CPAN for Perl Pip & Eggs for Python Maven for Java cabal for Haskell Gems for Ruby Is there any other languages with such systems? What about C and C++? (that's the main question!) Why there are no such systems for them? And isn't creating packages for yum, apt-get or other general package management systems better? UPD: And what about unification? Have someone tried to unify that "the zoo"? If yes, looks like that project didn't succeed.

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• SQLSTATE[HY000]: General error: 5 Out of memory (Needed 4194092 bytes)

  - by Jon Reeks

  Hi I'm receiving the following error on my shared hosting box: SQLSTATE[HY000]: General error: 5 Out of memory (Needed 4194092 bytes) This error is only triggered on a specific page. I guess this indicates that I am reaching the upper limit of the 64MB allocated to me in my current MySQL environment. Does this mean that a single query is going over (returning) 64MB of data? If so, i guess i can just track down and tune that specific query? Or isnt that the correct approach? Thanks Jon

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• Implementation of a general-purpose object structure (property bag)

  - by Thomas Wanner

  We need to implement some general-purpose object structure, much like an object in dynamic languages, that would give us a possibility of creating the whole object graph on-the-fly. This class has to be serializable and somehow user friendly. So far we have made some experiments with class derived from Dictionary<string, object> using the dot notation path to store properties and collections in the object tree. We have also find an article that implements something similar, but it doesn't seem to fit completely into our picture either. Do you know about some good implementations / libraries that deal with a similar problem or do you have any (non-trivial) ideas that could help us with our own implementation ? Also, I probably have to say that we are using .NET 3.5, so we can't take advantage of the new features in .NET 4.0 like dynamic type etc. (as far as I know it's also not possible to use any subset of it in .NET 3.5 solution).

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• General ODBC Error in VBA

  - by raam

  Hi am populating the data from MS Access By Using VBA i am using below mentioned code.if i am run the same code in MS 2007 then It run properly but if i am run the same code in MS 2003 it gives the "General ODBC Error" how to solve this problem Any help would be appreciated!! Thanks in advance Sub Button2_Click() Dim varConnection As String Dim varSQL As String Dim cal, cal1, x varConnection = "ODBC; DSN=MS Access Database;DBQ=D:\Box\Generate.mdb;Driver={Driver do Microsoft Access (*.mdb)}" ' varSQL = "SELECT * FROM Empdata" With ActiveSheet.QueryTables.Add(Connection:=varConnection, Destination:=ActiveSheet.Range("C7")) .CommandText = varSQL .Name = "Query-39008" .Refresh BackgroundQuery = False End With End Sub

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• Tomcat Exception-Type Ignoring Specific Exception for More General

  - by David Marks

  For one type of exception, IOException, I want to display one page. For all other exceptions I have a default error page. In my web.xml I have things setup like this: java.io.IOException /queryException.jsp java.lang.Exception /error.jsp The problem is the error.jsp is the only page that ever shows, even if an IOException is thrown. The order the tags appear in doesn't matter; if I remove the java.lang.Exception tag though, I can get queryException to show for IOExceptions. What is the solution here? How can I keep a general error page for all exceptions EXCEPT for those with specific pages?

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• A general question about inheritence in the .NET framework

  - by Grant

  I have a general question about inheritance in the .NET framework, lets say you have 2 classes, the first is called Parent and the second is called Child. Child inherits from Parent. Parent wants to ensure that each instance of child executes a specific piece of code when it loads irrespective of whether the child has their own onLoad code explicitly specified. From my experience, if i handle onLoad in the parent and not in the child, the parents onLoad code will fire but if its handled in both classes only the child's code will fire. Is this correct? and if so how can i ensure the parents code will always fire for the child...

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• General zoom algorithm for drawing program

  - by Steven Sproat

  My GUI toolkit, wxPython provides some methods for implementing a user zoom factor, however the quality isn't too good. I'm looking for ideas on how to create a zooming feature, which I know is complicated. I have a bitmap representing my canvas which is drawn to. This is displayed inside a scrolled window. Problems I forsee: - performance when zoomed in and panning around the canvas - difficulties with "real" coordinates and zoomed in coordinates - image quality not degrading with the zoom Using wxPython's SetUserScale() on its device contexts presents image quality like this - this is with a 1px line, at 30% zoomed in. I'm just wondering the general steps I'll need to take and the challenges I'll encounter. Thanks for any suggestions

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• A general declaration for all inherited classes

  - by Soham

  Consider, there is a class called SuperClass from which, ClassA, ClassB, ClassC is derived. From each one of those derived Classes, there are further more two classes are derived each called ChildClassAA and ChildClassAB[AB stands for Bth Child class from the Ath Class.Lets not really pull our hair on this nomenclature]. Now, ideally, I want to declare a general type as a private member of another Class say IndependentClass which can be initialized during run time as either of the objects of type ClassAor ClassB or ClassC and even the derived classes like ClassAA or ClassAB. Is there a possible way to do it?

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• Visual Studio 2010 compilation general error c1010070

  - by user1747455

  I wrote a little "hello world" program to test my computer, but when i sompile the program there's an error: ------ Build started: Project: hi, Configuration: Debug Win32 ------ Build started 15/10/2012 22:36:48. InitializeBuildStatus: Touching "Debug\hi.unsuccessfulbuild". Link: hi.vcxproj - D:\MSVS\hi\Debug\hi.exe Manifest: Debug\hi.exe.intermediate.manifest : general error c1010070: Failed to load and parse the manifest. {q~ 0H Build FAILED. Time Elapsed 00:00:02.34 ========== Build: 0 succeeded, 1 failed, 0 up-to-date, 0 skipped ========== the creepiest thing i think would be that line of "OH"... i wonder if there's any way to solve this...please help. Many thanks. edit: i tried changing the character set into "multi-byte" and turning "embed manifest"(from "manifest tools") off, but it still cant solve the error

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• General suggestions for making R code faster? [closed]

  - by gsk3

  Questions come up fairly frequently about how to make R code faster. This is an attempt to provide a general framework for thinking about the problem. Questions of this nature seem to fall into one of a few categories: I have a loop and it's running slowly. I've heard that vectorization can speed things up. How do I vectorize it? I've vectorized and it's still running slowly. What do I do next? I'd like to speed up my code but it's running quickly enough already. What are the principles and specifics which can be used to make R code run faster?

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• Windows Azure: General Availability of Web Sites + Mobile Services, New AutoScale + Alerts Support, No Credit Card Needed for MSDN

  - by ScottGu

  This morning we released a major set of updates to Windows Azure.  These updates included: Web Sites: General Availability Release of Windows Azure Web Sites with SLA Mobile Services: General Availability Release of Windows Azure Mobile Services with SLA Auto-Scale: New automatic scaling support for Web Sites, Cloud Services and Virtual Machines Alerts/Notifications: New email alerting support for all Compute Services (Web Sites, Mobile Services, Cloud Services, and Virtual Machines) MSDN: No more credit card requirement for sign-up All of these improvements are now available to use immediately (note: some are still in preview).  Below are more details about them. Web Sites: General Availability Release of Windows Azure Web Sites I’m incredibly excited to announce the General Availability release of Windows Azure Web Sites. The Windows Azure Web Sites service is perfect for hosting a web presence, building customer engagement solutions, and delivering business web apps.  Today’s General Availability release means we are taking off the “preview” tag from the Free and Standard (formerly called reserved) tiers of Windows Azure Web Sites.  This means we are providing: A 99.9% monthly SLA (Service Level Agreement) for the Standard tier Microsoft Support available on a 24x7 basis (with plans that range from developer plans to enterprise Premier support) The Free tier runs in a shared compute environment and supports up to 10 web sites. While the Free tier does not come with an SLA, it works great for rapid development and testing and enables you to quickly spike out ideas at no cost. The Standard tier, which was called “Reserved” during the preview, runs using dedicated per-customer VM instances for great performance, isolation and scalability, and enables you to host up to 500 different Web sites within them.  You can easily scale your Standard instances on-demand using the Windows Azure Management Portal.  You can adjust VM instance sizes from a Small instance size (1 core, 1.75GB of RAM), up to a Medium instance size (2 core, 3.5GB of RAM), or Large instance (4 cores and 7 GB RAM).  You can choose to run between 1 and 10 Standard instances, enabling you to easily scale up your web backend to 40 cores of CPU and 70GB of RAM: Today’s release also includes general availability support for custom domain SSL certificate bindings for web sites running using the Standard tier. Customers will be able to utilize certificates they purchase for their custom domains and use either SNI or IP based SSL encryption. SNI encryption is available for all modern browsers and does not require an IP address.  SSL certificates can be used for individual sites or wild-card mapped across multiple sites (we charge extra for the use of a SSL cert – but the fee is per-cert and not per site which means you pay once for it regardless of how many sites you use it with).  Today’s release also includes the following new features: Auto-Scale support Today’s Windows Azure release adds preview support for Auto-Scaling web sites.  This enables you to setup automatic scale rules based on the activity of your instances – allowing you to automatically scale down (and save money) when they are below a CPU threshold you define, and automatically scale up quickly when traffic increases.  See below for more details. 64-bit and 32-bit mode support You can now choose to run your standard tier instances in either 32-bit or 64-bit mode (previously they only ran in 32-bit mode).  This enables you to address even more memory within individual web applications. Memory dumps Memory dumps can be very useful for diagnosing issues and debugging apps. Using a REST API, you can now get a memory dump of your sites, which you can then use for investigating issues in Visual Studio Debugger, WinDbg, and other tools. Scaling Sites Independently Prior to today’s release, all sites scaled up/down together whenever you scaled any site in a sub-region. So you may have had to keep your proof-of-concept or testing sites in a separate sub-region if you wanted to keep them in the Free tier. This will no longer be necessary.  Windows Azure Web Sites can now mix different tier levels in the same geographic sub-region. This allows you, for example, to selectively move some of your sites in the West US sub-region up to Standard tier when they require the features, scalability, and SLA of the Standard tier. Full pricing details on Windows Azure Web Sites can be found here.  Note that the “Shared Tier” of Windows Azure Web Sites remains in preview mode (and continues to have discounted preview pricing).  Mobile Services: General Availability Release of Windows Azure Mobile Services I’m incredibly excited to announce the General Availability release of Windows Azure Mobile Services.  Mobile Services is perfect for building scalable cloud back-ends for Windows 8.x, Windows Phone, Apple iOS, Android, and HTML/JavaScript applications.  Customers We’ve seen tremendous adoption of Windows Azure Mobile Services since we first previewed it last September, and more than 20,000 customers are now running mobile back-ends in production using it.  These customers range from startups like Yatterbox, to university students using Mobile Services to complete apps like Sly Fox in their spare time, to media giants like Verdens Gang finding new ways to deliver content, and telcos like TalkTalk Business delivering the up-to-the-minute information their customers require.  In today’s Build keynote, we demonstrated how TalkTalk Business is using Windows Azure Mobile Services to deliver service, outage and billing information to its customers, wherever they might be. Partners When we unveiled the source control and Custom API features I blogged about two weeks ago, we enabled a range of new scenarios, one of which is a more flexible way to work with third party services.  The following blogs, samples and tutorials from our partners cover great ways you can extend Mobile Services to help you build rich modern apps: New Relic allows developers to monitor and manage the end-to-end performance of iOS and Android applications connected to Mobile Services. SendGrid eliminates the complexity of sending email from Mobile Services, saving time and money, while providing reliable delivery to the inbox. Twilio provides a telephony infrastructure web service in the cloud that you can use with Mobile Services to integrate phone calls, text messages and IP voice communications into your mobile apps. Xamarin provides a Mobile Services add on to make it easy building cross-platform connected mobile aps. Pusher allows quickly and securely add scalable real-time messaging functionality to Mobile Services-based web and mobile apps. Visual Studio 2013 and Windows 8.1 This week during //build/ keynote, we demonstrated how Visual Studio 2013, Mobile Services and Windows 8.1 make building connected apps easier than ever. Developers building Windows 8 applications in Visual Studio can now connect them to Windows Azure Mobile Services by simply right clicking then choosing Add Connected Service. You can either create a new Mobile Service or choose existing Mobile Service in the Add Connected Service dialog. Once completed, Visual Studio adds a reference to Mobile Services SDK to your project and generates a Mobile Services client initialization snippet automatically. Add Push Notifications Push Notifications and Live Tiles are a key to building engaging experiences. Visual Studio 2013 and Mobile Services make it super easy to add push notifications to your Windows 8.1 app, by clicking Add a Push Notification item: The Add Push Notification wizard will then guide you through the registration with the Windows Store as well as connecting your app to a new or existing mobile service. Upon completion of the wizard, Visual Studio will configure your mobile service with the WNS credentials, as well as add sample logic to your client project and your mobile service that demonstrates how to send push notifications to your app. Server Explorer Integration In Visual Studio 2013 you can also now view your Mobile Services in the the Server Explorer. You can add tables, edit, and save server side scripts without ever leaving Visual Studio, as shown on the image below: Pricing With today’s general availability release we are announcing that we will be offering Mobile Services in three tiers – Free, Standard, and Premium.  Each tier is metered using a simple pricing model based on the # of API calls (bandwidth is included at no extra charge), and the Standard and Premium tiers are backed by 99.9% monthly SLAs.  You can elastically scale up or down the number of instances you have of each tier to increase the # of API requests your service can support – allowing you to efficiently scale as your business grows. The following table summarizes the new pricing model (full pricing details here):   You can find the full details of the new pricing model here. Build Conference Talks The //BUILD/ conference will be packed with sessions covering every aspect of developing connected applications with Mobile Services. The best part is that, even if you can’t be with us in San Francisco, every session is being streamed live. Be sure not to miss these talks: Mobile Services – Soup to Nuts — Josh Twist Building Cross-Platform Apps with Windows Azure Mobile Services — Chris Risner Connected Windows Phone Apps made Easy with Mobile Services — Yavor Georgiev Build Connected Windows 8.1 Apps with Mobile Services — Nick Harris Who’s that user? Identity in Mobile Apps — Dinesh Kulkarni Building REST Services with JavaScript — Nathan Totten Going Live and Beyond with Windows Azure Mobile Services — Kirill Gavrylyuk , Paul Batum Protips for Windows Azure Mobile Services — Chris Risner AutoScale: Dynamically scale up/down your app based on real-world usage One of the key benefits of Windows Azure is that you can dynamically scale your application in response to changing demand. In the past, though, you have had to either manually change the scale of your application, or use additional tooling (such as WASABi or MetricsHub) to automatically scale your application. Today, we’re announcing that AutoScale will be built-into Windows Azure directly.  With today’s release it is now enabled for Cloud Services, Virtual Machines and Web Sites (Mobile Services support will come soon). Auto-scale enables you to configure Windows Azure to automatically scale your application dynamically on your behalf (without any manual intervention) so you can achieve the ideal performance and cost balance. Once configured it will regularly adjust the number of instances running in response to the load in your application. Currently, we support two different load metrics: CPU percentage Storage queue depth (Cloud Services and Virtual Machines only) We’ll enable automatic scaling on even more scale metrics in future updates. When to use Auto-Scale The following are good criteria for services/apps that will benefit from the use of auto-scale: The service/app can scale horizontally (e.g. it can be duplicated to multiple instances) The service/app load changes over time If your app meets these criteria, then you should look to leverage auto-scale. How to Enable Auto-Scale To enable auto-scale, simply navigate to the Scale tab in the Windows Azure Management Portal for the app/service you wish to enable.  Within the scale tab turn the Auto-Scale setting on to either CPU or Queue (for Cloud Services and VMs) to enable Auto-Scale.  Then change the instance count and target CPU settings to configure the Auto-Scale ranges you want to maintain. The image below demonstrates how to enable Auto-Scale on a Windows Azure Web-Site.  I’ve configured the web-site so that it will run using between 1 and 5 VM instances.  The exact # used will depend on the aggregate CPU of the VMs using the 40-70% range I’ve configured below.  If the aggregate CPU goes above 70%, then Windows Azure will automatically add new VMs to the pool (up to the maximum of 5 instances I’ve configured it to use).  If the aggregate CPU drops below 40% then Windows Azure will automatically start shutting down VMs to save me money: Once you’ve turned auto-scale on, you can return to the Scale tab at any point and select Off to manually set the number of instances. Using the Auto-Scale Preview With today’s update you can now, in just a few minutes, have Windows Azure automatically adjust the number of instances you have running  in your apps to keep your service performant at an even better cost. Auto-scale is being released today as a preview feature, and will be free until General Availability. During preview, each subscription is limited to 10 separate auto-scale rules across all of the resources they have (Web sites, Cloud services or Virtual Machines). If you hit the 10 limit, you can disable auto-scale for any resource to enable it for another. Alerts and Notifications Starting today we are now providing the ability to configure threshold based alerts on monitoring metrics. This feature is available for compute services (cloud services, VM, websites and mobiles services). Alerts provide you the ability to get proactively notified of active or impending issues within your application.  You can define alert rules for: Virtual machine monitoring metrics that are collected from the host operating system (CPU percentage, network in/out, disk read bytes/sec and disk write bytes/sec) and on monitoring metrics from monitoring web endpoint urls (response time and uptime) that you have configured. Cloud service monitoring metrics that are collected from the host operating system (same as VM), monitoring metrics from the guest VM (from performance counters within the VM) and on monitoring metrics from monitoring web endpoint urls (response time and uptime) that you have configured. For Web Sites and Mobile Services, alerting rules can be configured on monitoring metrics from monitoring endpoint urls (response time and uptime) that you have configured. Creating Alert Rules You can add an alert rule for a monitoring metric by navigating to the Setting -> Alerts tab in the Windows Azure Management Portal. Click on the Add Rule button to create an alert rule. Give the alert rule a name and optionally add a description. Then pick the service which you want to define the alert rule on: The next step in the alert creation wizard will then filter the monitoring metrics based on the service you selected:   Once created the rule will show up in your alerts list within the settings tab: The rule above is defined as “not activated” since it hasn’t tripped over the CPU threshold we set.  If the CPU on the above machine goes over the limit, though, I’ll get an email notifying me from an Windows Azure Alerts email address ([email protected]). And when I log into the portal and revisit the alerts tab I’ll see it highlighted in red.  Clicking it will then enable me to see what is causing it to fail, as well as view the history of when it has happened in the past. Alert Notifications With today’s initial preview you can now easily create alerting rules based on monitoring metrics and get notified on active or impending issues within your application that require attention. During preview, each subscription is limited to 10 alert rules across all of the services that support alert rules. No More Credit Card Requirement for MSDN Subscribers Earlier this month (during TechEd 2013), Windows Azure announced that MSDN users will get Windows Azure Credits every month that they can use for any Windows Azure services they want. You can read details about this in my previous Dev/Test blog post. Today we are making further updates to enable an easier Windows Azure signup for MSDN users. MSDN users will now not be required to provide payment information (e.g. no credit card) during sign-up, so long as they use the service within the included monetary credit for the billing period. For usage beyond the monetary credit, they can enable overages by providing the payment information and remove the spending limit. This enables a super easy, one page sign-up experience for MSDN users.  Simply sign-up for your Windows Azure trial using the same Microsoft ID that you use to manage your MSDN account, then complete the one page sign-up form below and you will be able to spend your free monthly MSDN credits (up to $150 each month) on any Windows Azure resource for dev/test:   This makes it trivially easy for every MDSN customer to start using Windows Azure today.  If you haven’t signed up yet, I definitely recommend checking it out. Summary Today’s release includes a ton of great features that enable you to build even better cloud solutions.  If you don’t already have a Windows Azure account, you can sign-up for a free trial and start using all of the above features today.  Then visit the Windows Azure Developer Center to learn more about how to build apps with it. Hope this helps, Scott P.S. In addition to blogging, I am also now using Twitter for quick updates and to share links. Follow me at: twitter.com/scottgu

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• Why is MySQL table_cache full but never used

  - by Jeremy Clarke

  I have been using the tuning-primer.sh script to tune my my.cnf settings. I have most things working well but the part about TABLE CACHE makes no sense: TABLE CACHE Current table_cache value = 900 tables. You have a total of 0 tables You have 900 open tables. Current table_cache hit rate is 1% , while 100% of your table cache is in use. You should probably increase your table_cache When I do SHOW STATUS; I get the following table-related numbers: Open_tables = 900 Opened_tables = 0 It seems like something is going wrong. I have some extra memory I could use on increasing the table_cache size, but my sense is that the 900 tables already available aren't doing anything, and increasing it will just waste more energy. Why might this be happening? Are there other settings that could cause all my table_cache slots to be used even though there are no hits to them? I have 150 max connections and probably no more than 4 tables per join, FWIW. Here is the tuner script output for temp tables, which I've also been tuning: TEMP TABLES Current max_heap_table_size = 90 M Current tmp_table_size = 90 M Of 11032358 temp tables, 40% were created on disk Perhaps you should increase your tmp_table_size and/or max_heap_table_size to reduce the number of disk-based temporary tables. Note! BLOB and TEXT columns are not allow in memory tables. If you are using these columns raising these values might not impact your ratio of on disk temp tables.

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• Agile Database Techniques: Effective Strategies for the Agile Software Developer – book review

  - by DigiMortal

     Agile development expects mind shift and developers are not the only ones who must be agile. Every chain is as strong as it’s weakest link and same goes also for development teams. Agile Database Techniques: Effective Strategies for the Agile Software Developer by Scott W. Ambler is book that calls also data professionals to be part of agile development. Often are DBA-s in situation where they are not part of application development and later they have to survive large set of applications that all use databases different way. Of course, only some of these applications are not problematic when looking what database server has to do to serve them. I have seen many applications that rape database servers because developers have no clue what is going on in database (~3K queries to database per web application request – have you seen something like this? I have…) Agile Database Techniques covers some object and database design technologies and gives suggestions to development teams about topics they need help or assistance by DBA-s. The book is also good reading for DBA-s who usually are not very strong in object technologies. You can take this book as bridge between these two worlds. I think teams that build object applications that use databases should buy this book and try at least one or two projects out with Ambler’s suggestions. Table of contents Foreword by Jon Kern. Foreword by Douglas K. Barry. Acknowledgments. Introduction. About the Author. Part One: Setting the Foundation. Chapter 1: The Agile Data Method. Chapter 2: From Use Cases to Databases — Real-World UML. Chapter 3: Data Modeling 101. Chapter 4: Data Normalization. Chapter 5: Class Normalization. Chapter 6: Relational Database Technology, Like It or Not. Chapter 7: The Object-Relational Impedance Mismatch. Chapter 8: Legacy Databases — Everything You Need to Know But Are Afraid to Deal With. Part Two: Evolutionary Database Development. Chapter 9: Vive L’ Évolution. Chapter 10: Agile Model-Driven Development (AMDD). Chapter 11: Test-Driven Development (TDD). Chapter 12: Database Refactoring. Chapter 13: Database Encapsulation Strategies. Chapter 14: Mapping Objects to Relational Databases. Chapter 15: Performance Tuning. Chapter 16: Tools for Evolutionary Database Development. Part Three: Practical Data-Oriented Development Techniques. Chapter 17: Implementing Concurrency Control. Chapter 18: Finding Objects in Relational Databases. Chapter 19: Implementing Referential Integrity and Shared Business Logic. Chapter 20: Implementing Security Access Control. Chapter 21: Implementing Reports. Chapter 22: Realistic XML. Part Four: Adopting Agile Database Techniques. Chapter 23: How You Can Become Agile. Chapter 24: Bringing Agility into Your Organization. Appendix: Database Refactoring Catalog. References and Suggested Reading. Index.

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