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  • BIOS interrupts, privilege levels and paging

    - by Jack
    Hi, I was learning about Intel 8086-80486 CPUs and their interactions with HW. But I still don´t understand it quite well. Please, help me fill blank spots. First, I know that CPU communicates with HW using BIOS interrupts. But, what really happens in PC, when I call some INT instruction? I know that according the interrupt table some instructions begin to execute, but how by executing some instructions can BIOS recognize what I want to do? Becouse as far as I know, CPU has no extra communication channel with BIOS, it can only adress memory and receive data. So how can I instruct BIOS to do something, when I can only address RAM? Next thing I don't understand is about privilege levels. I know about ring model, and access rights, but how does the CPU know which privilege level has executed an instruction? I think that these privileges apply only when intruction is trying to address memory, but how does an application get its privilege level? I mean I know its level 3, but how is it set? And last thing, I know that paging is address scheme that is used to support aplication-transparent virtual memory, or swapping, but I could not find any information about how paging is tied with protected mode. Like if paging is like next mode independent of protected mode, or its somehow implemented within protected mode. And if it is implemented in protected mode, isn´t it too slow, to first address application space, then offset, and then paging folder, page and offset once again?

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  • InnoDB: Error: log file ./ib_logfile0 is of different size

    - by jack
    I just added the following lines in /etc/mysql/my.cnf after I converted one database to use InnoDB engine. innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2560M innodb_log_file_size = 256M innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2 innodb_thread_concurrency = 16 innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT But it raise "ERROR 2013 (HY000) at line 2: Lost connection to MySQL server during query" error restarting mysqld. And mysql error log shows the following InnoDB: Error: log file ./ib_logfile0 is of different size 0 5242880 bytes InnoDB: than specified in the .cnf file 0 268435456 bytes! 100118 20:52:52 [ERROR] Plugin 'InnoDB' init function returned error. 100118 20:52:52 [ERROR] Plugin 'InnoDB' registration as a STORAGE ENGINE failed. 100118 20:52:52 [ERROR] Unknown/unsupported table type: InnoDB 100118 20:52:52 [ERROR] Aborting So I commented out this line # innodb_log_file_size = 256M And it restarted mysql successfully. I wonder what's the "5242880 bytes of log file" showed in mysql error? It's the first database on InnoDB engine on this server so when and where is that log file created? In this case, how can I enable innodb_log_file_size directive in my.cnf? EDIT I tried to delete /var/lib/mysql/ib_logfile0 and restart mysqld but it still failed. It now shows the following in error log. 100118 21:27:11 InnoDB: Log file ./ib_logfile0 did not exist: new to be created InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile0 size to 256 MB InnoDB: Database physically writes the file full: wait... InnoDB: Progress in MB: 100 200 InnoDB: Error: log file ./ib_logfile1 is of different size 0 5242880 bytes InnoDB: than specified in the .cnf file 0 268435456 bytes! Resolution It works now after deleted both ib_logfile0 and ib_logfile1 in /var/lib/mysql

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  • BIOS interrupts, priviledge levels and paging

    - by Jack
    Hi, I was learning about Intel 8086-80486 CPUs and their interactions with HW. But I still don´t understand it quite well. Please, help me fill blank spots. First, I know that CPU communicates with HW using BIOS interrupts. But, what really happens in PC, when I call some INT instruction? I know that according the interrupt table some instructions begin to execute, but how by executing some instructions can BIOS recognize what I want to do? Becouse as far as I know, CPU has no extra communication channel with BIOS, it can only adress memory and receive data. So how can I instruct BIOS to do something, when I can only adress RAM? Next thing I dont understand is about priviledge levels. I know about ring model, and acess rights, but how CPU knows which priviledge level has executed instruction? I think that these priviledges apply only when intruction is trying to adress memory, but how applications gets its priviledge level? I mean I know its level 3, but how its set? And last thing, I know that paging is adress scheme that is used to support aplication-transparent virtual memory, or swaping, but I could not find any informations about how is paging tied with protected mode. Like if paging is like next mode independent of protectet mode, or its somehow implemented within protected mode. And if it is implemented in protected mode, isn´t it too slow, to first adress application space, than offset, and than paging folder, page and offset once again? Thank you for every response.

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  • Mac server default file permissions

    - by Bobby Jack
    How do I change the default file permissions for files created on a Mac server? In case it's relevant, this is a Mac Mini running Mac OS 10.6.7. It's currently used mainly as a file server, and there are several users who need to share files. These files need to be writable by all, rather than the default which is writable only by the owner. I've been trying to do something with umask and a startup script, but I'm not sure there's a startup script that will apply to connections via Finder. I also need this to apply to files created on a client (also Macs) and copied onto the server.

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  • Bind an ip address to Postfix as outgoing ip

    - by jack
    Is that possible to bind all available public ip addresses on a server to one Postfix instance as its outgoing ip pool and let it choose a random ip or specified ip from the pool each time it sends out an email? If above is not possible, can it be configured to listen on one public ip address per instance and each time it delivers a message, it use the binded one as outgoing ip address.

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  • Windows server reboot loop - uninstalling hotfixes

    - by Jack
    After installing 3 updates, my system is stuck in a reboot loop. I am using server 2008 r2. I have tried deleting pending.xml from the windows directory, so pelase don't suggest that. I tried dism /image:d:\ /cleanup-image /revertpendingactions which completed successfully but did not solve my issue I then tried: dism /image:d:\ /Remove-Package /PackageName: and sucusfully removed one of the 3 updates. The two updates that are left are not listed with the dism get-packages command, but are listed with the get-apppatches command. I cannot find a way to uninstall them with dism however. So my question is, how can I manually uninstall specific updates or hotfixes from within the winre environment?

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  • Kernel NTFS driver vs NTFS-3G

    - by Jack
    A more comprehensive phrased question since I lost access to the other one. I would ask that the other one be deleted, not this one, as it should not have been migrated in the first place. There are currently two NTFS drivers available for Linux. The NTFS driver included in the kernel, and the userspace NTFS-3G driver that makes use of FUSE. By all accounts, NTFS-3G works perfectly. My question then, is if the NTFS filesystem has been successfully reverse engineered, why have the kernel NTFS team not implemented the changes in their driver? At the moment it is still marked as experimental, and there is a good chance it will destroy your data. Note: This has absolutely nothing to do with distributions...

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  • Accessing network shares on Windows7 via SonicWall VPN client

    - by Jack Lloyd
    I'm running Windows7 x64 (fully patched) and the SonicWall 4.2.6.0305 client (64-bit, claims to support Windows7). I can login to the VPN and access network resources (eg SSH to a machine that lives behind the VPN). However I cannot seem to be able to access shared filesystems. Windows is refusing to do discovery on the VPN network. I suspect part of the problem is Windows persistently considers the VPN connection to be a 'public network'. Normally, you can open the network and sharing center and modify this setting, however it does not give me a choice for the VPN. So I did the expedient thing and turned on file sharing for public networks. I also disabled the Windows firewall for good measure. Still no luck. I can access the server directly by putting \\192.168.1.240 in the taskbar, which brings up the list of shares on the server. However, trying to open any of the shares simply tells me "Windows cannot access \\192.168.1.240\share You do not have permission to access ..."; it never asks for a domain password. I also tried Windows7 native VPN functionality - it couldn't successfully connect to the VPN at all. I suspect this is because SonicWall is using some obnoxious special/undocumented authentication system; I had similar problems trying to connect on Linux with the normal IPsec tools there. What magical invocation or control panel option am I missing that will let this work? Are there any reasonable debugging strategies? I'm feeling quite frustrated at Windows tendency to not give me much useful information that might let me understand what it is trying to do and what is going wrong.

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  • Mac OS X: How do I disable SSID Broadcasting with Internet Sharing over Airport?

    - by Jack Chu
    I'm currently using Internet Sharing from my Ethernet over Airport on my Macbook Pro, however I don't want my SSID broadcasted†. There doesn't seem to be an option in Sharing/System Preferences to hide my ssid or prevent broadcasting. Any ideas? † My parent's restaurant has a wifi router, but it's on the roof level where the cable was installed. The signal it gets is weak, but works for the macbook. Their iPhones and 802.11G based computers can't get the wifi connection, maybe 802.11N on the macbook gets better penetration. I figure they could use the airport sharing from the laptop. For a restaurant type setting I don't think having WPA or WPA2 is super important. There's nothing sensitive or insecure on the network, so I figure hiding the SSID would be good enough for their purposes. It's not even active 100% of the time.

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  • go back to original version of firefox in ubuntu from beta version

    - by Jack Coroman
    In ubuntu 9.04, I tried to upgrade from firefox 3.0 to 3.5, by installing some apt-get packages, and there is a problem! Now firefox calls itself "Namoroka" and the firefox logo is gone and replaced by a black square in the upper bar and it says it is a development beta version. I really don't like this version, how can I go back to the stable version of firefox? I tried apt-get remove firefox-3.5 and apt-get install firefox-3.0 and that did not work. How do I go back to the stable version of firefox?

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  • 8051 MCU debug board function

    - by b-gen-jack-o-neill
    Hi, in school I have written many programs for 8051 compatible CPU. But I never actually knew how our "debug" sets worked. I mean, we test our programs in special sets, which actually allow you to very simply load program to CPU via PC serial port. But I thing you know this musch more better than I. But how it works? I mean, I know there is chip which adjusts signal level from PC serial port to TTL logic, and than connected to serial line of 8051. But thats all I know. Actually even my teacher doesen´t know how it works, since school bought it all. So, I suspect there is some program already running in the 8051 which handles communication and stores your program into memory, am I right? But, how can you make 8051 to process instructions from different location than ROM? Becouse if I am right, you cannot write into ROM memory by any instruction, as well as 8051 can only read instructions from ROM?

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  • How to format as FAT32 from Windows 7/Vista

    - by Jack Ukleja
    What is the best way to format a USB drive with FAT32 (for Mac compatibility) from within Windows 7/Vista? I ask because the Disk Management only lets you pick exFAT (because the disk is over 32GB I believe). Doing it from the command line with diskpart doesn't seem to work either.

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  • Hudson Mercurial checkout throws exception on Debian

    - by Jack
    I'm trying to configure Hudson to checkout my site's sources from Mercurial but it throws an exception. The /var/lib/hudson/jobs/jobname directory does exist, and I can create a workspace directory in there (even after su hudson), but as soon as I run the Hudson job again this directory disappears and the job ends with the same error: java.io.IOException: Cannot run program "hg" (in directory "/var/lib/hudson/jobs/jobname/workspace"): java.io.IOException: error=2, No such file or directory at java.lang.ProcessBuilder.start(ProcessBuilder.java:460) at hudson.Proc$LocalProc.<init>(Proc.java:192) at hudson.Proc$LocalProc.<init>(Proc.java:164) at hudson.Launcher$LocalLauncher.launch(Launcher.java:639) at hudson.Launcher$ProcStarter.start(Launcher.java:274) at hudson.Launcher$ProcStarter.join(Launcher.java:281) at hudson.plugins.mercurial.MercurialSCM.joinWithPossibleTimeout(MercurialSCM.java:298) at hudson.plugins.mercurial.HgExe.popen(HgExe.java:191) at hudson.plugins.mercurial.HgExe.tip(HgExe.java:171) at hudson.plugins.mercurial.MercurialSCM.calcRevisionsFromBuild(MercurialSCM.java:254) at hudson.scm.SCM._calcRevisionsFromBuild(SCM.java:304) at hudson.model.AbstractProject.calcPollingBaseline(AbstractProject.java:1183) at hudson.model.AbstractProject.checkout(AbstractProject.java:1172) at hudson.model.AbstractBuild$AbstractRunner.checkout(AbstractBuild.java:499) at hudson.model.AbstractBuild$AbstractRunner.run(AbstractBuild.java:415) at hudson.model.Run.run(Run.java:1362) at hudson.model.FreeStyleBuild.run(FreeStyleBuild.java:46) at hudson.model.ResourceController.execute(ResourceController.java:88) at hudson.model.Executor.run(Executor.java:145) Caused by: java.io.IOException: java.io.IOException: error=2, No such file or directory at java.lang.UNIXProcess.<init>(UNIXProcess.java:148) at java.lang.ProcessImpl.start(ProcessImpl.java:65) at java.lang.ProcessBuilder.start(ProcessBuilder.java:453) Running on Debian 6.0.1 I wonder if anyone has ran into this before, and hopefully solved it?

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  • Migration with SysPrep, ImageX and

    - by Jack Smith
    I know that you can use SysPrep and ImageX to create a prepared image that can be used on several systems but the question is. How well does it work in a corporate environment of moving machines from old hardware off to new harddrives and new hardware? EDIT: The system runs accounting software and databases. So would SysPrep remove all License keys and other information which means would cause problems right? Would something else be a better option even though there are heavy costs involved? Currently, when I clone/copy the drive, Windows will black screen on me. So I need something with differential hardware support?

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  • File sync over LAN

    - by Jack
    At the moment, I'm using Dropbox on my computer and Dropsync on my Android phone (over WiFi) to one-way sync the files (such as photos/app backups) on my phone to the Dropbox servers which are then synced to my computer. I like the features of Dropsync which can be set to sync only when the phone is charging and the WiFi is on. So everytime I charge my phone, i know my files are being backed up. Now I'm wondering if there's a similar app/program combo or something that can do what I'm currently doing but remove the middle-man (Dropbox servers)?

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  • yum error when installing memcached

    - by Jack
    Hi, trying to install memcached with "yum install memcached" and i'm getting all these errors which I have no idea how to solve. Setting up Install Process Resolving Dependencies -- Running transaction check --- Package memcached.x86_64 0:1.4.5-1.el5.rf set to be updated -- Processing Dependency: perl(AnyEvent) for package: memcached -- Processing Dependency: perl(AnyEvent::Socket) for package: memcached -- Processing Dependency: perl(AnyEvent::Handle) for package: memcached -- Processing Dependency: perl(YAML) for package: memcached -- Processing Dependency: perl(Term::ReadKey) for package: memcached -- Processing Dependency: libevent-1.1a.so.1()(64bit) for package: memcached -- Running transaction check --- Package compat-libevent-11a.x86_64 0:3.2.1-1.el5.rf set to be updated --- Package memcached.x86_64 0:1.4.5-1.el5.rf set to be updated -- Processing Dependency: perl(AnyEvent) for package: memcached -- Processing Dependency: perl(AnyEvent::Socket) for package: memcached -- Processing Dependency: perl(AnyEvent::Handle) for package: memcached -- Processing Dependency: perl(YAML) for package: memcached -- Processing Dependency: perl(Term::ReadKey) for package: memcached -- Finished Dependency Resolution memcached-1.4.5-1.el5.rf.x86_64 from rpmforge has depsolving problems -- Missing Dependency: perl(AnyEvent::Socket) is needed by package memcached-1.4.5-1.el5.rf.x86_64 (rpmforge) memcached-1.4.5-1.el5.rf.x86_64 from rpmforge has depsolving problems -- Missing Dependency: perl(AnyEvent) is needed by package memcached-1.4.5-1.el5.rf.x86_64 (rpmforge) memcached-1.4.5-1.el5.rf.x86_64 from rpmforge has depsolving problems -- Missing Dependency: perl(AnyEvent::Handle) is needed by package memcached-1.4.5-1.el5.rf.x86_64 (rpmforge) memcached-1.4.5-1.el5.rf.x86_64 from rpmforge has depsolving problems -- Missing Dependency: perl(YAML) is needed by package memcached-1.4.5-1.el5.rf.x86_64 (rpmforge) memcached-1.4.5-1.el5.rf.x86_64 from rpmforge has depsolving problems -- Missing Dependency: perl(Term::ReadKey) is needed by package memcached-1.4.5-1.el5.rf.x86_64 (rpmforge) Packages skipped because of dependency problems: compat-libevent-11a-3.2.1-1.el5.rf.x86_64 from rpmforge memcached-1.4.5-1.el5.rf.x86_64 from rpmforge The perl modules that its complaining about are already installed. Any ideas?

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  • Sharepoint Ports

    - by Jack Levin
    I am installing Sharepoint 2007 and I want users to be able to sign into it from outside. I need to know what ports do I need to open and do I need UDP or TCP or both?

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  • Accessing network shares on Windows7 via SonicWall VPN client

    - by Jack Lloyd
    I'm running Windows7 x64 (fully patched) and the SonicWall 4.2.6.0305 client (64-bit, claims to support Windows7). I can login to the VPN and access network resources (eg SSH to a machine that lives behind the VPN). However I cannot seem to be able to access shared filesystems. Windows is refusing to do discovery on the VPN network. I suspect part of the problem is Windows persistently considers the VPN connection to be a 'public network'. Normally, you can open the network and sharing center and modify this setting, however it does not give me a choice for the VPN. So I did the expedient thing and turned on file sharing for public networks. I also disabled the Windows firewall for good measure. Still no luck. I can access the server directly by putting \\192.168.1.240 in the taskbar, which brings up the list of shares on the server. However, trying to open any of the shares simply tells me "Windows cannot access \\192.168.1.240\share You do not have permission to access ..."; it never asks for a domain password. I also tried Windows7 native VPN functionality - it couldn't successfully connect to the VPN at all. I suspect this is because SonicWall is using some obnoxious special/undocumented authentication system; I had similar problems trying to connect on Linux with the normal IPsec tools there. What magical invocation or control panel option am I missing that will let this work? Are there any reasonable debugging strategies? I'm feeling quite frustrated at Windows tendency to not give me much useful information that might let me understand what it is trying to do and what is going wrong.

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  • where can I find the user in this IIS error 'Login failed for user 'IIS APPOOL\Web2'

    - by Jack
    I encounter the following error: Cannot open database "testbase" requested by the login. The login failed. Login failed for user 'IIS APPPOOL\Web2'. Description: An unhandled exception occurred during the execution of the current web request. Please review the stack trace for more information about the error and where it originated in the code. Exception Details: System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException: Cannot open database "testbase" requested by the login. The login failed. Login failed for user 'IIS APPPOOL\Web2'. So, where can I give this user Web2 permission? (By the way, the server do not have such user Web2 but there is a folder called Web2 located at the wwwroot folder.) I search for answers but all failed as follows: [1] Add the user IUSR to the folder and give it read permission. [2] http://www.codekicks.com/2008/11/cannot-open-database-northwind.html [3] http://blog.sqlauthority.com/2009/08/20/sql-server-fix-error-cannot-open-database-requested-by-the-login-the-login-failed-login-failed-for-user-nt-authoritynetwork-service/

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  • How to Change Sharepoint Port

    - by Jack Levin
    I have a Sharepoint web application that I want to change the port it is running on. I am not sure how to do that as It seems that it is not enough to just go to the IIS console and change the web application port. I guess I need to do certain changes in the sharepoint Central administration console as well.

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  • AMIs in Amazon EC2

    - by Jack of Trades
    I really like the Amazon EC2 environment, and thought I'll spend a bit of time playing around with various types of public (Windows!) AMI servers. But testing has been a bit, well, questionable. Some of my findings: It's very difficult to know what exactly a specific public EC2 image is supposed to be doing. Many images come with little to no information. I can't seem to find the passwords to log onto various windows images. Why are they public if they can't be used!? Lots of images are based on S3, and not EBS backed. This is very annoying, as S3 takes a lot longer to do pretty much anything (stop, image etc.) I am only testing images here, so of-course I don't question the value of S3 for other attributes. The description of what an image does is almost useless and many times confusing. Have others come across these EC2 issues. Again, my interest was to just play around with public images for testing/experimentation/etc, and therefore these issues may not be too relevant for more normal EC2 deployment uses.

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  • Limiting bandwidth on internal interface on Linux gateway

    - by Jack Scott
    I am responsible for a Linux-based (it runs Debian) branch office router that takes a single high-speed Internet connection (eth2) and turns it into about 20 internal networks, each with a seperate subnet (192.168.1.0/24 to 192.168.20.0/24) and a seperate VLAN (eth0.101 to eth0.120). I am trying to restrict bandwidth on one of the internal subnets that is consistently chewing up more bandwidth than it should. What is the best way to do this? My first try at this was with wondershaper, which I heard about on SuperUser here. Unfortunately, this is useful for exactly the opposite situation that I have... it's useful on the client side, not on the Internet side. My second attempt was using the script found at http://www.topwebhosts.org/tools/traffic-control.php, which I modified so the active part is: tc qdisc add dev eth0.113 root handle 13: htb default 100 tc class add dev eth0.113 parent 13: classid 13:1 htb rate 3mbps tc class add dev eth0.113 parent 13: classid 13:2 htb rate 3mbps tc filter add dev eth0.113 protocol ip parent 13:0 prio 1 u32 match ip dst 192.168.13.0/24 flowid 13:1 tc filter add dev eth0.113 protocol ip parent 13:0 prio 1 u32 match ip src 192.168.13.0/24 flowid 13:2 What I want this to do is restrict the bandwidth on VLAN 113 (subnet 192.168.13.0/24) to 3mbit up and 3mbit down. Unfortunately, it seems to have no effect at all! I'm very inexperienced with the tc command, so any help getting this working would be appreciated.

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  • DVD drive doesn't recognize blank dvds only!!!

    - by Jack
    My dvd-rom works fine because I can play dvds on it, however when the dvd is a blank one the drive refuses to recognize it. So I can't burn dvds anymore because the drive shows up as empty in my disk burning software (dvd flick). Any idea what the problem is and how to solve it? PC: Windows vista home basic, 32 bit

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