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  • Ruby integer to string key

    - by Gene
    A system I'm building needs to convert non-negative Ruby integers into shortest-possible UTF-8 string values. The only requirement on the strings is that their lexicographic order be identical to the natural order on integers. What's the best Ruby way to do this? We can assume the integers are 32 bits and the sign bit is 0. This is successful: (i >> 24).chr + ((i >> 16) & 0xff).chr + ((i >> 8) & 0xff).chr + (i & 0xff).chr But it appears to be 1) garbage-intense and 2) ugly. I've also looked at pack solutions, but these don't seem portable due to byte order. FWIW, the application is Redis hash field names. Building keys may be a performance bottleneck, but probably not. This question is mostly about the "Ruby way".

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  • MySQL - What is the correct primary key method

    - by Hammerstein
    I'm starting to develop an application using MySQL and although I've developed apps before using databases, I've normally gone to the incrementing id method. The other day I was reading a posting somewhere and saw someone being picked apart for this, for not properly "normalising the database". I'm not a big database person, but I wanted to make sure I'm doing this right. Any ideas, help / guidance?

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  • unable to decrypt certain files with secret key pgp 6.5.8, any advice?

    - by pythonian29033
    Ok so I do some stuff for a client of ours that requires me to decrypt some of their suppliers messages, the thing is, something weird happened the other day and I can only decrypt some files with an old decryption script, but for certain files I get the error: "Message is encrypted. Cannot decrypt message. It can only be decrypted by: 2048 bits, Key ID 98627E12, Created 2000-03-02 "Other Guy "" as you can see, the key is ancient and I was still 9years old when it was created, so I have know idea who this "Other Guy" is. . .and I can't understand why I'm able to decrypt some of the supplier's files with the decryption script, but for others it fails. PS: the supplier only uses one public key, so this should work for all the files, any advice?

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  • keybinding issues with xmodmap across synergy

    - by Rick
    I've got two systems I use across Synergy. On the main one I have a normal keyboard that I swap caps lock and ctrl for. So I do: xmodmap -e 'keycode 66 = Control_L' xmodmap -e 'clear lock' xmodmap -e 'add Control = Control_L' Where keycode 66 is my caps lock key. The trouble is that I can't get this key to act as a control key on the other machine I connect to with synergy. The strange thing is that if I plug a keyboard into the machine, and run xev, the control key there is keycode 37. When I then hit my modified control key (keycode 66 on the master) it's registering as keycode 37 on the remote machine. So according to xev, it should be picking it up as a control keypress. Anyone have any hints on if Synergy is doing something overly helpful for me?

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  • An Xml Serializable PropertyBag Dictionary Class for .NET

    - by Rick Strahl
    I don't know about you but I frequently need property bags in my applications to store and possibly cache arbitrary data. Dictionary<T,V> works well for this although I always seem to be hunting for a more specific generic type that provides a string key based dictionary. There's string dictionary, but it only works with strings. There's Hashset<T> but it uses the actual values as keys. In most key value pair situations for me string is key value to work off. Dictionary<T,V> works well enough, but there are some issues with serialization of dictionaries in .NET. The .NET framework doesn't do well serializing IDictionary objects out of the box. The XmlSerializer doesn't support serialization of IDictionary via it's default serialization, and while the DataContractSerializer does support IDictionary serialization it produces some pretty atrocious XML. What doesn't work? First off Dictionary serialization with the Xml Serializer doesn't work so the following fails: [TestMethod] public void DictionaryXmlSerializerTest() { var bag = new Dictionary<string, object>(); bag.Add("key", "Value"); bag.Add("Key2", 100.10M); bag.Add("Key3", Guid.NewGuid()); bag.Add("Key4", DateTime.Now); bag.Add("Key5", true); bag.Add("Key7", new byte[3] { 42, 45, 66 }); TestContext.WriteLine(this.ToXml(bag)); } public string ToXml(object obj) { if (obj == null) return null; StringWriter sw = new StringWriter(); XmlSerializer ser = new XmlSerializer(obj.GetType()); ser.Serialize(sw, obj); return sw.ToString(); } The error you get with this is: System.NotSupportedException: The type System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary`2[[System.String, mscorlib, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089],[System.Object, mscorlib, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089]] is not supported because it implements IDictionary. Got it! BTW, the same is true with binary serialization. Running the same code above against the DataContractSerializer does work: [TestMethod] public void DictionaryDataContextSerializerTest() { var bag = new Dictionary<string, object>(); bag.Add("key", "Value"); bag.Add("Key2", 100.10M); bag.Add("Key3", Guid.NewGuid()); bag.Add("Key4", DateTime.Now); bag.Add("Key5", true); bag.Add("Key7", new byte[3] { 42, 45, 66 }); TestContext.WriteLine(this.ToXmlDcs(bag)); } public string ToXmlDcs(object value, bool throwExceptions = false) { var ser = new DataContractSerializer(value.GetType(), null, int.MaxValue, true, false, null); MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream(); ser.WriteObject(ms, value); return Encoding.UTF8.GetString(ms.ToArray(), 0, (int)ms.Length); } This DOES work but produces some pretty heinous XML (formatted with line breaks and indentation here): <ArrayOfKeyValueOfstringanyType xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/2003/10/Serialization/Arrays" xmlns:i="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"> <KeyValueOfstringanyType> <Key>key</Key> <Value i:type="a:string" xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">Value</Value> </KeyValueOfstringanyType> <KeyValueOfstringanyType> <Key>Key2</Key> <Value i:type="a:decimal" xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">100.10</Value> </KeyValueOfstringanyType> <KeyValueOfstringanyType> <Key>Key3</Key> <Value i:type="a:guid" xmlns:a="http://schemas.microsoft.com/2003/10/Serialization/">2cd46d2a-a636-4af4-979b-e834d39b6d37</Value> </KeyValueOfstringanyType> <KeyValueOfstringanyType> <Key>Key4</Key> <Value i:type="a:dateTime" xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">2011-09-19T17:17:05.4406999-07:00</Value> </KeyValueOfstringanyType> <KeyValueOfstringanyType> <Key>Key5</Key> <Value i:type="a:boolean" xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">true</Value> </KeyValueOfstringanyType> <KeyValueOfstringanyType> <Key>Key7</Key> <Value i:type="a:base64Binary" xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">Ki1C</Value> </KeyValueOfstringanyType> </ArrayOfKeyValueOfstringanyType> Ouch! That seriously hurts the eye! :-) Worse though it's extremely verbose with all those repetitive namespace declarations. It's good to know that it works in a pinch, but for a human readable/editable solution or something lightweight to store in a database it's not quite ideal. Why should I care? As a little background, in one of my applications I have a need for a flexible property bag that is used on a free form database field on an otherwise static entity. Basically what I have is a standard database record to which arbitrary properties can be added in an XML based string field. I intend to expose those arbitrary properties as a collection from field data stored in XML. The concept is pretty simple: When loading write the data to the collection, when the data is saved serialize the data into an XML string and store it into the database. When reading the data pick up the XML and if the collection on the entity is accessed automatically deserialize the XML into the Dictionary. (I'll talk more about this in another post). While the DataContext Serializer would work, it's verbosity is problematic both for size of the generated XML strings and the fact that users can manually edit this XML based property data in an advanced mode. A clean(er) layout certainly would be preferable and more user friendly. Custom XMLSerialization with a PropertyBag Class So… after a bunch of experimentation with different serialization formats I decided to create a custom PropertyBag class that provides for a serializable Dictionary. It's basically a custom Dictionary<TType,TValue> implementation with the keys always set as string keys. The result are PropertyBag<TValue> and PropertyBag (which defaults to the object type for values). The PropertyBag<TType> and PropertyBag classes provide these features: Subclassed from Dictionary<T,V> Implements IXmlSerializable with a cleanish XML format ToXml() and FromXml() methods to export and import to and from XML strings Static CreateFromXml() method to create an instance It's simple enough as it's merely a Dictionary<string,object> subclass but that supports serialization to a - what I think at least - cleaner XML format. The class is super simple to use: [TestMethod] public void PropertyBagTwoWayObjectSerializationTest() { var bag = new PropertyBag(); bag.Add("key", "Value"); bag.Add("Key2", 100.10M); bag.Add("Key3", Guid.NewGuid()); bag.Add("Key4", DateTime.Now); bag.Add("Key5", true); bag.Add("Key7", new byte[3] { 42,45,66 } ); bag.Add("Key8", null); bag.Add("Key9", new ComplexObject() { Name = "Rick", Entered = DateTime.Now, Count = 10 }); string xml = bag.ToXml(); TestContext.WriteLine(bag.ToXml()); bag.Clear(); bag.FromXml(xml); Assert.IsTrue(bag["key"] as string == "Value"); Assert.IsInstanceOfType( bag["Key3"], typeof(Guid)); Assert.IsNull(bag["Key8"]); //Assert.IsNull(bag["Key10"]); Assert.IsInstanceOfType(bag["Key9"], typeof(ComplexObject)); } This uses the PropertyBag class which uses a PropertyBag<string,object> - which means it returns untyped values of type object. I suspect for me this will be the most common scenario as I'd want to store arbitrary values in the PropertyBag rather than one specific type. The same code with a strongly typed PropertyBag<decimal> looks like this: [TestMethod] public void PropertyBagTwoWayValueTypeSerializationTest() { var bag = new PropertyBag<decimal>(); bag.Add("key", 10M); bag.Add("Key1", 100.10M); bag.Add("Key2", 200.10M); bag.Add("Key3", 300.10M); string xml = bag.ToXml(); TestContext.WriteLine(bag.ToXml()); bag.Clear(); bag.FromXml(xml); Assert.IsTrue(bag.Get("Key1") == 100.10M); Assert.IsTrue(bag.Get("Key3") == 300.10M); } and produces typed results of type decimal. The types can be either value or reference types the combination of which actually proved to be a little more tricky than anticipated due to null and specific string value checks required - getting the generic typing right required use of default(T) and Convert.ChangeType() to trick the compiler into playing nice. Of course the whole raison d'etre for this class is the XML serialization. You can see in the code above that we're doing a .ToXml() and .FromXml() to serialize to and from string. The XML produced for the first example looks like this: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <properties> <item> <key>key</key> <value>Value</value> </item> <item> <key>Key2</key> <value type="decimal">100.10</value> </item> <item> <key>Key3</key> <value type="___System.Guid"> <guid>f7a92032-0c6d-4e9d-9950-b15ff7cd207d</guid> </value> </item> <item> <key>Key4</key> <value type="datetime">2011-09-26T17:45:58.5789578-10:00</value> </item> <item> <key>Key5</key> <value type="boolean">true</value> </item> <item> <key>Key7</key> <value type="base64Binary">Ki1C</value> </item> <item> <key>Key8</key> <value type="nil" /> </item> <item> <key>Key9</key> <value type="___Westwind.Tools.Tests.PropertyBagTest+ComplexObject"> <ComplexObject> <Name>Rick</Name> <Entered>2011-09-26T17:45:58.5789578-10:00</Entered> <Count>10</Count> </ComplexObject> </value> </item> </properties>   The format is a bit cleaner than the DataContractSerializer. Each item is serialized into <key> <value> pairs. If the value is a string no type information is written. Since string tends to be the most common type this saves space and serialization processing. All other types are attributed. Simple types are mapped to XML types so things like decimal, datetime, boolean and base64Binary are encoded using their Xml type values. All other types are embedded with a hokey format that describes the .NET type preceded by a three underscores and then are encoded using the XmlSerializer. You can see this best above in the ComplexObject encoding. For custom types this isn't pretty either, but it's more concise than the DCS and it works as long as you're serializing back and forth between .NET clients at least. The XML generated from the second example that uses PropertyBag<decimal> looks like this: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <properties> <item> <key>key</key> <value type="decimal">10</value> </item> <item> <key>Key1</key> <value type="decimal">100.10</value> </item> <item> <key>Key2</key> <value type="decimal">200.10</value> </item> <item> <key>Key3</key> <value type="decimal">300.10</value> </item> </properties>   How does it work As I mentioned there's nothing fancy about this solution - it's little more than a subclass of Dictionary<T,V> that implements custom Xml Serialization and a couple of helper methods that facilitate getting the XML in and out of the class more easily. But it's proven very handy for a number of projects for me where dynamic data storage is required. Here's the code: /// <summary> /// Creates a serializable string/object dictionary that is XML serializable /// Encodes keys as element names and values as simple values with a type /// attribute that contains an XML type name. Complex names encode the type /// name with type='___namespace.classname' format followed by a standard xml /// serialized format. The latter serialization can be slow so it's not recommended /// to pass complex types if performance is critical. /// </summary> [XmlRoot("properties")] public class PropertyBag : PropertyBag<object> { /// <summary> /// Creates an instance of a propertybag from an Xml string /// </summary> /// <param name="xml">Serialize</param> /// <returns></returns> public static PropertyBag CreateFromXml(string xml) { var bag = new PropertyBag(); bag.FromXml(xml); return bag; } } /// <summary> /// Creates a serializable string for generic types that is XML serializable. /// /// Encodes keys as element names and values as simple values with a type /// attribute that contains an XML type name. Complex names encode the type /// name with type='___namespace.classname' format followed by a standard xml /// serialized format. The latter serialization can be slow so it's not recommended /// to pass complex types if performance is critical. /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="TValue">Must be a reference type. For value types use type object</typeparam> [XmlRoot("properties")] public class PropertyBag<TValue> : Dictionary<string, TValue>, IXmlSerializable { /// <summary> /// Not implemented - this means no schema information is passed /// so this won't work with ASMX/WCF services. /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> public System.Xml.Schema.XmlSchema GetSchema() { return null; } /// <summary> /// Serializes the dictionary to XML. Keys are /// serialized to element names and values as /// element values. An xml type attribute is embedded /// for each serialized element - a .NET type /// element is embedded for each complex type and /// prefixed with three underscores. /// </summary> /// <param name="writer"></param> public void WriteXml(System.Xml.XmlWriter writer) { foreach (string key in this.Keys) { TValue value = this[key]; Type type = null; if (value != null) type = value.GetType(); writer.WriteStartElement("item"); writer.WriteStartElement("key"); writer.WriteString(key as string); writer.WriteEndElement(); writer.WriteStartElement("value"); string xmlType = XmlUtils.MapTypeToXmlType(type); bool isCustom = false; // Type information attribute if not string if (value == null) { writer.WriteAttributeString("type", "nil"); } else if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(xmlType)) { if (xmlType != "string") { writer.WriteStartAttribute("type"); writer.WriteString(xmlType); writer.WriteEndAttribute(); } } else { isCustom = true; xmlType = "___" + value.GetType().FullName; writer.WriteStartAttribute("type"); writer.WriteString(xmlType); writer.WriteEndAttribute(); } // Actual deserialization if (!isCustom) { if (value != null) writer.WriteValue(value); } else { XmlSerializer ser = new XmlSerializer(value.GetType()); ser.Serialize(writer, value); } writer.WriteEndElement(); // value writer.WriteEndElement(); // item } } /// <summary> /// Reads the custom serialized format /// </summary> /// <param name="reader"></param> public void ReadXml(System.Xml.XmlReader reader) { this.Clear(); while (reader.Read()) { if (reader.NodeType == XmlNodeType.Element && reader.Name == "key") { string xmlType = null; string name = reader.ReadElementContentAsString(); // item element reader.ReadToNextSibling("value"); if (reader.MoveToNextAttribute()) xmlType = reader.Value; reader.MoveToContent(); TValue value; if (xmlType == "nil") value = default(TValue); // null else if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(xmlType)) { // value is a string or object and we can assign TValue to value string strval = reader.ReadElementContentAsString(); value = (TValue) Convert.ChangeType(strval, typeof(TValue)); } else if (xmlType.StartsWith("___")) { while (reader.Read() && reader.NodeType != XmlNodeType.Element) { } Type type = ReflectionUtils.GetTypeFromName(xmlType.Substring(3)); //value = reader.ReadElementContentAs(type,null); XmlSerializer ser = new XmlSerializer(type); value = (TValue)ser.Deserialize(reader); } else value = (TValue)reader.ReadElementContentAs(XmlUtils.MapXmlTypeToType(xmlType), null); this.Add(name, value); } } } /// <summary> /// Serializes this dictionary to an XML string /// </summary> /// <returns>XML String or Null if it fails</returns> public string ToXml() { string xml = null; SerializationUtils.SerializeObject(this, out xml); return xml; } /// <summary> /// Deserializes from an XML string /// </summary> /// <param name="xml"></param> /// <returns>true or false</returns> public bool FromXml(string xml) { this.Clear(); // if xml string is empty we return an empty dictionary if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(xml)) return true; var result = SerializationUtils.DeSerializeObject(xml, this.GetType()) as PropertyBag<TValue>; if (result != null) { foreach (var item in result) { this.Add(item.Key, item.Value); } } else // null is a failure return false; return true; } /// <summary> /// Creates an instance of a propertybag from an Xml string /// </summary> /// <param name="xml"></param> /// <returns></returns> public static PropertyBag<TValue> CreateFromXml(string xml) { var bag = new PropertyBag<TValue>(); bag.FromXml(xml); return bag; } } } The code uses a couple of small helper classes SerializationUtils and XmlUtils for mapping Xml types to and from .NET, both of which are from the WestWind,Utilities project (which is the same project where PropertyBag lives) from the West Wind Web Toolkit. The code implements ReadXml and WriteXml for the IXmlSerializable implementation using old school XmlReaders and XmlWriters (because it's pretty simple stuff - no need for XLinq here). Then there are two helper methods .ToXml() and .FromXml() that basically allow your code to easily convert between XML and a PropertyBag object. In my code that's what I use to actually to persist to and from the entity XML property during .Load() and .Save() operations. It's sweet to be able to have a string key dictionary and then be able to turn around with 1 line of code to persist the whole thing to XML and back. Hopefully some of you will find this class as useful as I've found it. It's a simple solution to a common requirement in my applications and I've used the hell out of it in the  short time since I created it. Resources You can find the complete code for the two classes plus the helpers in the Subversion repository for Westwind.Utilities. You can grab the source files from there or download the whole project. You can also grab the full Westwind.Utilities assembly from NuGet and add it to your project if that's easier for you. PropertyBag Source Code SerializationUtils and XmlUtils Westwind.Utilities Assembly on NuGet (add from Visual Studio) © Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2011Posted in .NET  CSharp   Tweet (function() { var po = document.createElement('script'); po.type = 'text/javascript'; po.async = true; po.src = 'https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(po, s); })();

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  • Getting key/value pairs from plist-style xml using simplexml in php

    - by Anthony
    Here is an example bit from the xml file: <array> <dict> <key>Name</key> <string>Joe Smith</string> <key>Type</key> <string>Profile</string> <key>Role</key> <string>User</string> <key>Some Number</key> <integer>1</integer> <key>Some Boolean</key> <true/> </dict> </array> I have two separate goals. The first is to extract an array from the dictnode that would look like: [Name] => Joe Smith [Type] => Profile [Role] => User [Some Number] => 1 [Some Boolean] => true It's not crucial that the boolean be included, so if that adds too much complexity, I'd rather just know how to deal with the others for now. The second goal is to be able to select the value node (<string>, <integer>,etc) so that I can change the value. I would need to select it based on the text value of the preceding key element. I think the following XPath should work: //key[.=$keyname]/following-sibling[1] But I'm not sure. Basically, this whole system that Apple uses seems logical, but totally contrary to the XML is supposed to work. If I ran the world, the original XML would look more like: <dict type="array"> <value key="Name" type="string">Joe Smith</value> <value key="Type" type="string">Profile</value> <value key="Role type="string">User</value> <value key="Some Number" type="integer">1</value> <value key="Some Boolean" type="boolean">true</value> </dict> But since it is fairly logical, I am wondering if I'm missing some obvious way of handling it.

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  • What is the public key file that is generated by PuTTY?

    - by Karl Nicoll
    If I'm using the PuTTY key generator to create a public/private key pair, there is a button to "Save public key" like so: However OpenSSH doesn't accept the format of this public key file, at least as far as I can tell. The generated public key looks like this: ---- BEGIN SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ---- Comment: "rsa-key-20140607" AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABJQAAAQEAs+UjC01Fk8xs8vpLW1RIipwxG1zXTaCkIdeJ K3SyhMVl78/QwErTYuIop3wVmVAuTKhw4uYCMaRZCy36FdSGQ9FwDCP+lT36M2Xv ZtraweH+1IPHzRf2ENNdEfs286zllu96WGtqLYwObXQbHMm3dPDDbH3apynrS/FJ HisCayFXFN84aBfh9HFHrM++BXqpxTX5nq50QoRwSjMY6qMuLwjJKKQslcb5hlRV SjCmUZKv9/fH+i0BI7UHJ01XHNp1sisL5biWkakXD9BxXjv/ggyeLsOTtdtrF0DK 7wYQXyNmpRqHYOBdrZlskHf/R1CtWoBi5IIeARWZVDduXf1Pww== ---- END SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ---- (Key is not an actual public key) Where is this key used typically? Does it work with OpenSSH at all?

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  • SQL SERVER – Create Primary Key with Specific Name when Creating Table

    - by pinaldave
    It is interesting how sometimes the documentation of simple concepts is not available online. I had received email from one of the reader where he has asked how to create Primary key with a specific name when creating the table itself. He said, he knows the method where he can create the table and then apply the primary key with specific name. The attached code was as follows: CREATE TABLE [dbo].[TestTable]( [ID] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL, [FirstName] [varchar](100) NULL) GO ALTER TABLE [dbo].[TestTable] ADD  CONSTRAINT [PK_TestTable] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ([ID] ASC) GO He wanted to know if we can create Primary Key as part of the table name as well, and also give it a name at the same time. Though it would look very normal to all experienced developers, it can be still confusing to many. Here is the quick code that functions as the above code in one single statement. CREATE TABLE [dbo].[TestTable]( [ID] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL, [FirstName] [varchar](100) NULL CONSTRAINT [PK_TestTable] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ([ID] ASC) ) GO Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: Pinal Dave, Readers Question, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Constraint and Keys, SQL Query, SQL Scripts, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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  • Cannot add repository key

    - by William Anthony
    I just installed my new laptop with ubuntu 12.04 and when I'm trying to add key, there is a "network unreachable" error. william@ubuntu:~$ gpg --keyserver hkp://keys.gnupg.net --recv-keys 1C4CBDCDCD2EFD2A gpg: requesting key CD2EFD2A from hkp server keys.gnupg.net ?: keys.gnupg.net: Network is unreachable gpgkeys: HTTP fetch error 7: couldn't connect: Network is unreachable gpg: no valid OpenPGP data found. gpg: Total number processed: 0 I'm so sure the keyserver is not down, because I tried it again at my old laptop running ubuntu 11.04 william@william:~$ gpg --keyserver hkp://keys.gnupg.net --recv-keys 1C4CBDCDCD2EFD2A gpg: requesting key CD2EFD2A from hkp server keys.gnupg.net gpg: key CD2EFD2A: "Percona MySQL Development Team <[email protected]>" not changed gpg: Total number processed: 1 gpg: unchanged: 1 Is this a bug?

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  • NHibernate Pitfalls: Loading Foreign Key Properties

    - by Ricardo Peres
    This is part of a series of posts about NHibernate Pitfalls. See the entire collection here. When saving a new entity that has references to other entities (one to one, many to one), one has two options for setting their values: Load each of these references by calling ISession.Get and passing the foreign key; Load a proxy instead, by calling ISession.Load with the foreign key. So, what is the difference? Well, ISession.Get goes to the database and tries to retrieve the record with the given key, returning null if no record is found. ISession.Load, on the other hand, just returns a proxy to that record, without going to the database. This turns out to be a better option, because we really don’t need to retrieve the record – and all of its non-lazy properties and collections -, we just need its key. An example: 1: //going to the database 2: OrderDetail od = new OrderDetail(); 3: od.Product = session.Get<Product>(1); //a product is retrieved from the database 4: od.Order = session.Get<Order>(2); //an order is retrieved from the database 5:  6: session.Save(od); 7:  8: //creating in-memory proxies 9: OrderDetail od = new OrderDetail(); 10: od.Product = session.Load<Product>(1); //a proxy to a product is created 11: od.Order = session.Load<Order>(2); //a proxy to an order is created 12:  13: session.Save(od); So, if you just need to set a foreign key, use ISession.Load instead of ISession.Get.

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  • Using a Predicate as a key to a Dictionary

    - by Tom Hines
    I really love Linq and Lambda Expressions in C#.  I also love certain community forums and programming websites like DaniWeb. A user on DaniWeb posted a question about comparing the results of a game that is like poker (5-card stud), but is played with dice. The question stemmed around determining what was the winning hand.  I looked at the question and issued some comments and suggestions toward a potential answer, but I thought it was a neat homework exercise. [A little explanation] I eventually realized not only could I compare the results of the hands (by name) with a certain construct – I could also compare the values of the individual dice with the same construct. That piece of code eventually became a Dictionary with the KEY as a Predicate<int> and the Value a Func<T> that returns a string from the another structure that contains the mapping of an ENUM to a string.  In one instance, that string is the name of the hand and in another instance, it is a string (CSV) representation of of the digits in the hand. An added benefit is that the digits re returned in the order they would be for a proper poker hand.  For instance the hand 1,2,5,3,1 would be returned as ONE_PAIR (1,1,5,3,2). [Getting to the point] 1: using System; 2: using System.Collections.Generic; 3:   4: namespace DicePoker 5: { 6: using KVP_E2S = KeyValuePair<CDicePoker.E_DICE_POKER_HAND_VAL, string>; 7: public partial class CDicePoker 8: { 9: /// <summary> 10: /// Magical construction to determine the winner of given hand Key/Value. 11: /// </summary> 12: private static Dictionary<Predicate<int>, Func<List<KVP_E2S>, string>> 13: map_prd2fn = new Dictionary<Predicate<int>, Func<List<KVP_E2S>, string>> 14: { 15: {new Predicate<int>(i => i.Equals(0)), PlayerTie},//first tie 16:   17: {new Predicate<int>(i => i > 0), 18: (m => string.Format("Player One wins\n1={0}({1})\n2={2}({3})", 19: m[0].Key, m[0].Value, m[1].Key, m[1].Value))}, 20:   21: {new Predicate<int>(i => i < 0), 22: (m => string.Format("Player Two wins\n2={2}({3})\n1={0}({1})", 23: m[0].Key, m[0].Value, m[1].Key, m[1].Value))}, 24:   25: {new Predicate<int>(i => i.Equals(0)), 26: (m => string.Format("Tie({0}) \n1={1}\n2={2}", 27: m[0].Key, m[0].Value, m[1].Value))} 28: }; 29: } 30: } When this is called, the code calls the Invoke method of the predicate to return a bool.  The first on matching true will have its value invoked. 1: private static Func<DICE_HAND, E_DICE_POKER_HAND_VAL> GetHandEval = dh => 2: map_dph2fn[map_dph2fn.Keys.Where(enm2fn => enm2fn(dh)).First()]; After coming up with this process, I realized (with a little modification) it could be called to evaluate the individual values in the dice hand in the event of a tie. 1: private static Func<List<KVP_E2S>, string> PlayerTie = lst_kvp => 2: map_prd2fn.Skip(1) 3: .Where(x => x.Key.Invoke(RenderDigits(dhPlayerOne).CompareTo(RenderDigits(dhPlayerTwo)))) 4: .Select(s => s.Value) 5: .First().Invoke(lst_kvp); After that, I realized I could now create a program completely without “if” statements or “for” loops! 1: static void Main(string[] args) 2: { 3: Dictionary<Predicate<int>, Action<Action<string>>> main = new Dictionary<Predicate<int>, Action<Action<string>>> 4: { 5: {(i => i.Equals(0)), PlayGame}, 6: {(i => true), Usage} 7: }; 8:   9: main[main.Keys.Where(m => m.Invoke(args.Length)).First()].Invoke(Display); 10: } …and there you have it. :) ZIPPED Project

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  • How can I use the Windows key?

    - by torbengb
    The Windows key seems to not have any use in Ubuntu, but since I'm just coming from Windows I'm used to this key having some function. How can I make good use of the Windows key in Ubuntu? I've seen that I can remap keys in SystemPreferencesKeyboardLayoutOptionsAlt/Win key behavior, but I have no idea what the choices meta, super, hyper mean. The help button in this dialog doesn't give any specifics about them. I've experimented a little and found that meta seems to have some use, like Win+M = Me menu, or Win+S is the shutdown menu, but for some keys (B, I) it's more like Ctrl (bold, italic). Haven't found any further. What would a useful setting be for a Linux newbie?

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  • Rebind Alt key to win using setxkbmap?

    - by Wayne Werner
    Hi, After an hour or two of manpage and Google searching and finding no solution or good resources, I've come for help! I have set my Caps Lock key to Ctrl using setxkbmap -option ctrl:nocaps - this works perfectly fine. However, since I use [awesome][1], and an IBM model M which lacks the meta key, I need my left alt key to replace the windows key. Using xkeycaps I was able to get this to work, except it killed my arrow keys and End. Problematic. Unfortunately, documentation on setxkbmap options are sparse. and I can't find the proper option to use. Thanks for any links/solutions.

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  • Recover personal PGP key from old home

    - by Oli
    Many lives ago, I created a GPG key to sign the Ubuntu Code of Conduct on Launchpad. I haven't really used it since. Some time later, I backed up my home and started fresh. That was all back in 2009. I still have the backup but now I'm starting to play around with Quickly and upload things to Launchpad, I could really do with having my PGP key back. I don't really know how the key is organised or where it's stored, but I'd like to recover my old key rather than generate a new one. Any idea where to start?

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  • Map caps-lock key to middle mouse click

    - by Stefano Palazzo
    Since I rarely use caps-lock, I'd like to map the key to a middle mouse click instead. I would also like to map Alt+Caps Lock to the original function of the caps lock key, should I ever need it. I can map any keyboard shortcut to xdotool click 2, but the Gnome Keyboard Shortcuts dialog won't let me assign a command to the caps-lock key, even with modifiers. I know this is a bit of a strange undertaking; How would I go about doing it?

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  • Delete key assigned to a keyboard shortcut and now doesn't work

    - by Erez Schatz
    I posted this to the ubuntuforums, but got no answer there, so I'm trying here: While going over the keyboard shortcuts (System Preferences Keyboard Shortcuts), I accidentally assigned the delete key to a shortcut. I backspaced and cancelled, but next time I pressed "delete" the key didn't work. I tried creating a new shortcut called Delete and this got me a weird pop up saying "Error while trying to run (Delete) which is linked to the key (Delete)". I removed the shortcut, but it's still assigned. I deleted the custom shortcut, but to no avail. Any ideas? this drives me bonkers, as it's such a used key

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  • Wifi function key not working on HP laptop

    - by lopsided98
    I have an HP Pavilion g7-1260 with Ubuntu 13.10 on it. I would like to be able to use the wifi toggle key on the keyboard to enable and disable wifi. My wifi works fine and the light on the key turns on when I enable wifi through the Ubuntu networking menu. The problem is that pressing the key does not do anything. It should be activated when I press fn + f12. I tried using xev to see if an event was generated but there wasn't one. I also tried the same thing with apci_listen but it didn't output anything. Does anyone know how to get the key to work?

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  • Observing an NSMutableArray for insertion/removal

    - by Adam Ernst
    A class has a property (and instance var) of type NSMutableArray with synthesized accessors (via @property). If you observe this array using: [myObj addObserver:self forKeyPath:@"theArray" options:0 context:NULL]; And then insert an object in the array like this: [[myObj theArray] addObject:[NSString string]]; An observeValueForKeyPath... notification is not sent. However, the following does send the proper notification: [[myObj mutableArrayValueForKey:@"theArray"] addObject:[NSString string]]; This is because mutableArrayValueForKey returns a proxy object that takes care of notifying observers. But shouldn't the synthesized accessors automatically return such a proxy object? What's the proper way to work around this--should I write a custom accessor that just invokes [super mutableArrayValueForKey...]?

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  • Alt Key + Mouse Scroll is the New Text Zoom In/Out in NetBeans

    - by Geertjan
    When the text zoom in/out, via "Ctrl Key + Mouse Wheel", was introduced in editors in a recent version of NetBeans IDE, many people cheered. Others booed because the combination "Ctrl Key + Mouse Wheel" is often pressed accidentally, especially when the user scrolls in the editor while intending to use some Ctrl shortcut, such as paste, which is Ctrl-v. So, in NetBeans IDE 7.2, the text zoom in/out is now "Alt Key + Mouse Wheel": http://netbeans.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=212484 Remember that the text change only persists for as long as the file is open. So, if you've accidentally resized the text (i.e., in the current situation, prior to 7.2, where unintended side effects may happen because of Ctrl key usage), you can just close the file and reopen it to get the text size back to the way it was before.

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