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  • Combining two data sets and plotting in matlab

    - by bautrey
    I am doing experiments with different operational amplifier circuits and I need to plot my measured results onto a graph. I have two data sets: freq1 = [.1 .2 .5 .7 1 3 4 6 10 20 35 45 60 75 90 100]; %kHz Vo1 = [1.2 1.6 1.2 2 2 2.4 14.8 20.4 26.4 30.4 53.6 68.8 90 114 140 152]; %mV V1 = 19.6; Acm = Vo1/(1000*V1); And: freq2 = [.1 .5 1 30 60 70 85 100]; %kHz Vo1 = [3.96 3.96 3.96 3.84 3.86 3.88 3.88 3.88]; %V V1 = .96; Ad = Vo1/(2*V1); (I would show my plots but apparently I need more reps for that) I need to plot the equation, CMRR vs freq: CMRR = 20*log10(abs(Ad/Acm)); The size of Ad and Acm are different and the frequency points do not match up, but the boundaries of both of these is the same, 100Hz to 100kHz (x-axis). On the line of CMRR, Matlab says that Ad and Acm matrix dimensions do not agree. How I think I would solve this is using freq1 as the x-axis for CMRR and then taking approximated points from Ad according to the value on freq1. Or I could do function approximations of Ad and Acm and then do the divide operator on those. I do not know how I would code up this two ideas. Any other ideas would helpful, especially simpler ones. Thanks

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  • Converting Single dimensional vector or array to two dimension in Matlab

    - by pac
    Well I do not know if I used the exact term. I tried to find an answer on the net. Here is what i need: I have a vector a = 1 4 7 2 5 8 3 6 9 If I do a(4) the value is 4. So it is reading first column top to buttom then continuing to next .... I don't know why. However, What I need is to call it using two indices. As row and column: a(3,2)= 4 or even better if i can call it in the following way: a{3}(2)=4 What is this process really called (want to learn) and how to perform in matlab. I thought of a loop. Is there a built in function Thanks a lot Check this: a = 18 18 16 18 18 18 16 0 0 0 16 16 18 0 18 16 0 18 18 16 18 0 18 18 0 16 0 0 0 18 18 0 18 18 16 0 16 0 18 18 >> a(4) ans = 18 >> a(5) ans = 18 >> a(10) ans = 18 I tried reshape. it is reshaping not converting into 2 indeces

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  • MATLAB: svds() not converging

    - by Paul
    So using MATLAB's svds() function on some input data as such: [U, S, V, flag] = svds(data, nSVDs, 'L') I noticed that from run to run with the same data, I'd get drastically different output SVD sizes from run to run. When I checked whether 'flag' was set, I found that it was, indicating that the SVDs had not converged. My normal system here would be that if it really needs to converge, I'd do something like this: flag = 1 svdOpts = struct('tol', 1e-10, 'maxit', 600, 'disp', 0); while flag: if svdOpts.maxit > 1e6 error('There''s a real problem here.') end [U, S, V, flag] = svds(data, nSVDs, 'L', svdOpts) svdOpts.maxit = svdOpts.maxit*2 end But from what I can tell, when you use 'L' as the third argument, the fourth argument is ignored, meaning I just have to deal with the fact that it's not converging? I'm not even really sure how to use the 'sigma' argument in place of the 'L' argument. I've also tried reducing the number of SVDs calculated to no avail. Any help on this matter would be much appreciated. EDIT While following up on the comments below, I found that the problem had to do with the way I was building my data matrices. Turned out I had accidentally inverted a matrix and had an input of size (4000x1) rather than (20x200), which was what was refusing to converge. I also did some more timing tets and found that the fourth argument was not, in fact, being ignored, so that's on me. Thanks for the help guys.

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  • Error in bisection method code in Matlab

    - by Amanda Collins
    I need to write a proper implementation of the bisection method, which means I must address all possible user input errors. Here is my code: function [x_sol, f_at_x_sol, N_iterations] = bisection(f, xn, xp, eps_f, eps_x) % solving f(x)=0 with bisection method % f is the function handle to the desired function, % xn and xp are borders of search, % f(xn)<0 and f(xp)>0 required, % eps_f defines how close f(x) should be to zero, % eps_x defines uncertainty of solution x if(f(xp) < 0) error('xp must be positive') end; if(f(xn)>0) error('xn must be negative') end; if (xn >= xp) error ('xn must be less than xp') end; xg=(xp+xn)/2; %initial guess fg=f(xg); % initial function evaluation N_iterations=1; while ( (abs(fg) > eps_f) & (abs(xg-xp) > eps_x) ) if (fg>0) xp=xg; else xn=xg; end xg=(xp+xn)/2; %update guess fg=f(xg); %update function evaluation N_iterations=N_iterations+1; end x_sol=xg; %solution is ready f_at_x_sol=fg; if (f_at_x_sol > eps_f) error('No convergence') end and here is the error message I receive when I try to test this in Matlab: >> bisection(x.^2, 2, -1, 1e-8, 1e-10) Attempted to access f(-1); index must be a positive integer or logical. Error in bisection (line 9) if(f(xp)<0) I was attempting to see if my error codes worked, but it doesn't look like they do. I get the same error when I try to test it on a function that should work.

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  • Determining two lines in MATLAB

    - by Sanyi
    Hi! I am making the game planarity in MATLAB, and i am stuck where the program have to determine that is there any lines that are in inscision with each other. Any ideas how could the program find the inscision points. Heres my source for the game: > clear; clc; a=1; b=10; x=floor(rand(5,1)*(b-a+1)+a); y=floor(rand(5,1)*(b-a+1)+a); fig1=figure; set(fig1,'Color','w','Position',[100 100 500 500]) plot(x,y,'o','MarkerSize',12,'MarkerFaceColor','r'); axis([0 11 0 11]); axis off grid on; hold on; FirstPlayerLines=[]; SecondPlayerLines=[]; for a1=1:+1:2 for a2=5:-1:2 plot([x(a1) x(a2)],[y(a1) y(a2)],'Color','black','LineWidth',3); end end waitforbuttonpress

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  • Stop writing blank line at the end of CSV file (using MATLAB)

    - by Grant M.
    Hello all ... I'm using MATLAB to open a batch of CSV files containing column headers and data (using the 'importdata' function), then I manipulate the data a bit and write the headers and data to new CSV files using the 'dlmwrite' function. I'm using the '-append' and 'newline' attributes of 'dlmwrite' to add each line of text/data on a new line. Each of my new CSV files has a blank line at the end, whereas this blank line was not there before when I read in the data ... and I'm not using 'newline' on my final call of 'dlmwrite'. Does anyone know how I can keep from writing this blank line to the end of my CSV files? Thanks for your help, Grant EDITED 5/18/10 1:35PM CST - Added information about code and text file per request ... you'll notice after performing the procedure below that there appears to be a carriage return at the end of the last line in the new text file. Consider a text file named 'textfile.txt' that looks like this: Column1, Column2, Column3, Column4, Column 5 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Here's a sample of the code I am using: % import data importedData = importdata('textfile.txt'); % manipulate data importedData.data(:,1) = 100; % store column headers into single comma-delimited % character array (for easy writing later) columnHeaders = importedData.textdata{1}; for counter = 2:size(importedData.textdata,2) columnHeaders = horzcat(columnHeaders,',',importedData.textdata{counter}); end % write column headers to new file dlmwrite('textfile_updated.txt',columnHeaders,'Delimiter','','newline','pc') % append all but last line of data to new file for dataCounter = 1:(size(importedData.data,2)-1) dlmwrite('textfile_updated.txt',importedData.data(dataCounter,:),'Delimiter',',','newline','pc','-append') end % append last line of data to new file, not % creating new line at end dlmwrite('textfile_updated.txt',importedData.data(end,:),'Delimiter',',','-append')

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  • Matlab GUI: How to Save the Results of Functions (states of application)

    - by niko
    Hi, I would like to create an animation which enables the user to go backward and forward through the steps of simulation. An animation has to simulate the iterative process of channel decoding (a receiver receives a block of bits, performs an operation and then checks if the block corresponds to parity rules. If the block doesn't correspond the operation is performed again and the process finally ends when the code corresponds to a given rules). I have written the functions which perform the decoding process and return a m x n x i matrix where m x n is the block of data and i is the iteration index. So if it takes 3 iterations to decode the data the function returns a m x n x 3 matrix with each step is stired. In the GUI (.fig file) I put a "decode" button which runs the method for decoding and there are buttons "back" and "forward" which have to enable the user to switch between the data of recorded steps. I have stored the "decodedData" matrix and currentStep value as a global variable so by clicking "forward" and "next" buttons the indices have to change and point to appropriate step states. When I tried to debug the application the method returned the decoded data but when I tried to click "back" and "next" the decoded data appeared not to be declared. Does anyone know how is it possible to access (or store) the results of the functions in order to enable the described logic which I want to implement in Matlab GUI?

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  • Stopping a MATLAB GUI callback

    - by leonhart88
    Dear All, I have a START and STOP button. When I hit START, i run a bunch of code in my callback. It's basically a sequential "script" that opens valves, dispenses water and then closes the valves...there is no while() loop and it doesn't repeat. I want to be able to stop this process at any time using the STOP button. Most of the related answers I've seen are in the cases where a while() loop is used. Some people have also suggested to periodically check if the STOP button was pressed (using a variable or handle variable). Since I do not have a while loop, I can't solve it that way. Also, I'd like to be able to exit immediately, without having to periodically check (because checking multiple times in my code would be ugly and confusing). Is there a way to terminate the callback which was interrupted by the STOP button? If not, is it possible to have the START button run a .m file and then have the STOP button terminate that .m file? The worst case scenario would be to check a variable periodically. UPDATE: Well, looks like the worst case scenario is what is suggested by MATLAB... http://www.mathworks.com/support/solutions/en/data/1-33IK85/index.html?product=ML&solution=1-33IK85 Thanks.

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  • Problem with Matlab functions

    - by appi
    HI. I got this matlab functionWhen I ran it, the following error messege showed up. Can anybody give me some hint? Thank you. The code is also shown below. [h,im_matched,theta,I,J]=im_reg_MI('keyframe1.jpg','keyframe2.jpg', 0, 1) ??? Undefined function or variable "h". Error in == im_reg_MI at 74 [a, b] = max(h(:));% finding the max of MI and indecises Below is the code. [h,im_matched, theta,I,J]=im_reg_MI(image1, image2, angle, step) [m,n]=size(image1); [p,q]=size(image2); [a,b]=size(angle); im1=round(image1); for k=1:b J = rotate_image(angle(k),image2); %rotated cropped IMAGE2 image21=round(J); [m1,n1]=size(image21); for i=1:step:(m1-m) for j=1:step:(n1-n) im2=image21(i:(i+m-1),j:(j+n-1)); % selecting part of IMAGE2 matching the size of IMAHE1 im2=round(im2); h(k,i,j)=MI2(im1,im2); % calculating MI end end end [a, b] = max(h(:));% finding the max of MI and indecises

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  • Matlab Coin Toss Simulation

    - by user1772959
    I have to write some code in Matlab that simulates tossing a coin 150 times. I have to count how many times the coin lands on heads and create a vector that gives a running percentage of the heads. Then I have to make a table of the number of trials, random 'flips", and the running percentages of heads. I assume random "flips" means heads or tails for that trial. I also have to create a line graph with trials on the x-axis and probabilities (percentages) on the y-axis. I'm assuming the percentages are just the percentage of getting heads. Sorry if this post was long. I figure giving the details now will make it easier to see what I was trying to do with the code. I didn't create the table or plot yet because I'm not even sure how to code for the actual problem. NUM_TRIALS = 150; trials = 1:NUM_TRIALS; heads = 0; t = rand(NUM_TRIALS,1); for i = trials if (t < 0.5) heads = heads + 1; end z = zeros(NUM_TRIALS,1); percent_h = heads/trials; end

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  • MATLAB, time match filter

    - by Paul
    OK, I am still getting the hang of MATLAB. I have two files in different format. One Excel file. data1.xls, size= 86400 X 62. It looks like: Date/Time par1 par2 par3 par4 par5 par6 par6 par7 par8 par9 08/02/09 00:06:45 0 3 27 9.9 -133.2 0 0 0 1 0 Another file, data2.csv, size = 144 X 27. (If nothing is missing.) It looks like: date time P01 P02 P03 P04 P05 P06 P07 P08 P09 P10 P11 8/16/2009 0:00 51 45 46 54 53 52 524 5 399 89 78 Now I am using Data10minAvg = mean(reshape(Data,300,144,62)); to get the 10 min average of the first Excel file. Now I need to match up that file I am making above with the .csv file. The problem is many timestamps are missing in the .csv file. How do I make data2.csv into a file of size 144 X 27, replacing the missing datestamps by rows of zero? It will really help me than compare data1.xls file with newdata2.csv.

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  • Effective simulation of compound poisson process in Matlab

    - by Henrik
    I need to simulate a huge bunch of compound poisson processes in Matlab on a very fine grid so I am looking to do it most effectively. I need to do a lot of simulations on the same random numbers but with parameters changing so it is practical to draw the uniforms and normals beforehand even though it means i have to draw a lot more than i will probably need and won't matter much because it will only need to be done once compared to in the order 500*n repl times the actual compound process generation. My method is the following: Let T be for how long i need to simulate and N the grid points, then my grid is: t=linspace(1,T,N); Let nrepl be the number of processes i need then I simulate P=poissrnd(lambda,nrepl,1); % Number of jumps for each replication U=(T-1)*rand(10000,nrepl)+1; % Set of uniforms on (1,T) for jump times N=randn(10000,nrepl); % Set of normals for jump size Then for replication j: Poiss=P(j); % Jumps for replication Uni=U(1:Poiss,j);% Jump times Norm=mu+sigma*N(1:Poiss,j);% Jump sizes Then this I guess is where I need your advice, I use this one-liner but it seems very slow: CPP_norm=sum(bsxfun(@times,bsxfun(@gt,t,Uni),Norm),1); In the inner for each jump it creates a series of same length as t with 0 until jump and then 1 after, multiplying this will create a grid with zeroes until jump has arrived and then the jump size and finally adding all these will produce the entire jump process on the grid. How can this be done more effectively? Thank you very much.

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  • reformatting a matrix in matlab with nan values

    - by Kate
    This post follows a previous question regarding the restructuring of a matrix: re-formatting a matrix in matlab An additional problem I face is demonstrated by the following example: depth = [0:1:20]'; data = rand(1,length(depth))'; d = [depth,data]; d = [d;d(1:20,:);d]; Here I would like to alter this matrix so that each column represents a specific depth and each row represents time, so eventually I will have 3 rows (i.e. days) and 21 columns (i.e. measurement at each depth). However, we cannot reshape this because the number of measurements for a given day are not the same i.e. some are missing. This is known by: dd = sortrows(d,1); for i = 1:length(depth); e(i) = length(dd(dd(:,1)==depth(i),:)); end From 'e' we find that the number of depth is different for different days. How could I insert a nan into the matrix so that each day has the same depth values? I could find the unique depths first by: unique(d(:,1)) From this, if a depth (from unique) is missing for a given day I would like to insert the depth to the correct position and insert a nan into the respective location in the column of data. How can this be achieved?

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  • Matlab N-Queen Problem

    - by Kay
    main.m counter = 1; n = 8; board = zeros(1,n); back(0, board); disp(counter); sol.m function value = sol(board) for ( i = 1:(length(board))) for ( j = (i+1): (length(board)-1)) if (board(i) == board(j)) value = 0; return; end if ((board(i) - board(j)) == (i-j)) value = 0; return; end if ((board(i) - board(j)) == (j-i)) value = 0; return; end end end value = 1; return; back.m function back(depth, board) disp(board); if ( (depth == length(board)) && (sol2(board) == 1)) counter = counter + 1; end if ( depth < length(board)) for ( i = 0:length(board)) board(1,depth+1) = i; depth = depth + 1; solv2(depth, board); end end I'm attempting to find the maximum number of ways n-queen can be placed on an n-by-n board such that those queens aren't attacking eachother. I cannot figure out the problem with the above matlab code, i doubt it's a problem with my logic since i've tested out this logic in java and it seems to work perfectly well there. The code compiles but the issue is that the results it produces are erroneous. Java Code which works: public static int counter=0; public static boolean isSolution(final int[] board){ for (int i = 0; i < board.length; i++) { for (int j = i + 1; j < board.length; j++) { if (board[i] == board[j]) return false; if (board[i]-board[j] == i-j) return false; if (board[i]-board[j] == j-i) return false; } } return true; } public static void solve(int depth, int[] board){ if (depth == board.length && isSolution(board)) { counter++; } if (depth < board.length) { // try all positions of the next row for (int i = 0; i < board.length; i++) { board[depth] = i; solve(depth + 1, board); } } } public static void main(String[] args){ int n = 8; solve(0, new int[n]); System.out.println(counter); }

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  • SET game odds simulation (MATLAB)

    - by yuk
    Here is an interesting problem for your weekend. :) I recently find the great card came - SET. Briefly, there are 81 cards with the four features: symbol (oval, squiggle or diamond), color (red, purple or green), number (one, two or three) or shading (solid, striped or open). The task is to find (from selected 12 cards) a SET of 3 cards, in which each of the four features is either all the same on each card or all different on each card (no 2+1 combination). In my free time I've decided to code it in MATLAB to find a solution and to estimate odds of having a set in randomly selected cards. Here is the code: %% initialization K = 12; % cards to draw NF = 4; % number of features (usually 3 or 4) setallcards = unique(nchoosek(repmat(1:3,1,NF),NF),'rows'); % all cards: rows - cards, columns - features setallcomb = nchoosek(1:K,3); % index of all combinations of K cards by 3 %% test tic NIter=1e2; % number of test iterations setexists = 0; % test results holder % C = progress('init'); % if you have progress function from FileExchange for d = 1:NIter % C = progress(C,d/NIter); % cards for current test setdrawncardidx = randi(size(setallcards,1),K,1); setdrawncards = setallcards(setdrawncardidx,:); % find all sets in current test iteration for setcombidx = 1:size(setallcomb,1) setcomb = setdrawncards(setallcomb(setcombidx,:),:); if all(arrayfun(@(x) numel(unique(setcomb(:,x))), 1:NF)~=2) % test one combination setexists = setexists + 1; break % to find only the first set end end end fprintf('Set:NoSet = %g:%g = %g:1\n', setexists, NIter-setexists, setexists/(NIter-setexists)) toc 100-1000 iterations are fast, but be careful with more. One million iterations takes about 15 hours on my home computer. Anyway, with 12 cards and 4 features I've got around 13:1 of having a set. This is actually a problem. The instruction book said this number should be 33:1. And it was recently confirmed by Peter Norvig. He provides the Python code, but I didn't test it. So can you find an error?

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  • Simplifying a four-dimensional rule table in Matlab: addressing rows and columns of each dimension

    - by Cate
    Hi all. I'm currently trying to automatically generate a set of fuzzy rules for a set of observations which contain four values for each observation, where each observation will correspond to a state (a good example is with Fisher's Iris Data). In Matlab I am creating a four dimensional rule table where a single cell (a,b,c,d) will contain the corresponding state. To reduce the table I am following the Hong and Lee method of row and column similarity checking but I am having difficulty understanding how to address the third and fourth dimensions' rows and columns. From the method it is my understanding that each dimension is addressed individually and if the rule is true, the table is simplified. The rules for merging are as follows: If all cells in adjacent columns or rows are the same. If two cells are the same or if either of them is empty in adjacent columns or rows and at least one cell in both is not empty. If all cells in a column or row are empty and if cells in its two adjacent columns or rows are the same, merge the three. If all cells in a column or row are empty and if cells in its two adjacent columns or rows are the same or either of them is empty, merge the three. If all cells in a column or row are empty and if all the non-empty cells in the column or row to its left have the same region, and all the non-empty cells in the column or row to its right have the same region, but one different from the previously mentioned region, merge these three columns into two parts. Now for the confusing bit. Simply checking if the entire row/column is the same as the adjacent (rule 1) seems simple enough: if (a,:,:,:) == (a+1,:,:,:) (:,b,:,:) == (:,b+1,:,:) (:,:,c,:) == (:,:,c+1,:) (:,:,:,d) == (:,:,:,d+1) is this correct? but to check if the elements in the row/column match, or either is zero (rules 2 and 4), I am a bit lost. Would it be something along these lines: for a = 1:20 for i = 1:length(b) if (a+1,i,:,:) == (a,i,:,:) ... else if (a+1,i,:,:) == 0 ... else if (a,i,:,:) == 0 etc. and for the third and fourth dimensions: for c = 1:20 for i = 1:length(a) if (i,:,c,:) == (i,:,c+1,:) ... else if (i,:,c+1,:) == 0 ... else if (i,:,c,:) == 0 etc. for d = 1:20 for i = 1:length(a) if (i,:,:,d) == (i,:,:,d+1) ... else if (i,:,:,d+1) == 0 ... else if (i,:,:,d) == 0 etc. even any help with four dimensional arrays would be useful as I'm so confused by the thought of more than three! I would advise you look at the paper to understand my meaning - they themselves have used the Iris data but only given an example with a 2D table. Thanks in advance, hopefully!

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  • MATLAB image corner coordinates & referncing to cell arrays

    - by James
    Hi, I am having some problems comparing the elements in different cell arrays. The context of this problem is that I am using the bwboundaries function in MATLAB to trace the outline of an image. The image is of a structural cross section and I am trying to find if there is continuity throughout the section (i.e. there is only one outline produced by the bwboundaries command). Having done this and found where the is more than one section traced (i.e. it is not continuous), I have used the cornermetric command to find the corners of each section. The code I have is: %% Define the structural section as a binary matrix (Image is an I-section with the web broken) bw(20:40,50:150) = 1; bw(160:180,50:150) = 1; bw(20:60,95:105) = 1; bw(140:180,95:105) = 1; Trace = bw; [B] = bwboundaries(Trace,'noholes'); %Traces the outer boundary of each section L = length(B); % Finds number of boundaries if L > 1 disp('Multiple boundaries') % States whether more than one boundary found end %% Obtain perimeter coordinates for k=1:length(B) %For all the boundaries perim = B{k}; %Obtains perimeter coordinates (as a 2D matrix) from the cell array end %% Find the corner positions C = cornermetric(bw); Areacorners = find(C == max(max(C))) % Finds the corner coordinates of each boundary [rowindexcorners,colindexcorners] = ind2sub(size(Newgeometry),Areacorners) % Convert corner coordinate indexes into subcripts, to give x & y coordinates (i.e. the same format as B gives) %% Put these corner coordinates into a cell array Cornerscellarray = cell(length(rowindexcorners),1); % Initialises cell array of zeros for i =1:numel(rowindexcorners) Cornerscellarray(i) = {[rowindexcorners(i) colindexcorners(i)]}; %Assigns the corner indicies into the cell array %This is done so the cell arrays can be compared end for k=1:length(B) %For all the boundaries found perim = B{k}; %Obtains coordinates for each perimeter Z = perim; % Initialise the matrix containing the perimeter corners Sectioncellmatrix = cell(length(rowindexcorners),1); for i =1:length(perim) Sectioncellmatrix(i) = {[perim(i,1) perim(i,2)]}; end for i = 1:length(perim) if Sectioncellmatrix(i) ~= Cornerscellarray Sectioncellmatrix(i) = []; %Gets rid of the elements that are not corners, but keeps them associated with the relevent section end end end This creates an error in the last for loop. Is there a way I can check whether each cell of the array (containing an x and y coordinate) is equal to any pair of coordinates in cornercellarray? I know it is possible with matrices to compare whether a certain element matches any of the elements in another matrix. I want to be able to do the same here, but for the pair of coordinates within the cell array. The reason I don't just use the cornercellarray cell array itself, is because this lists all the corner coordinates and does not associate them with a specific traced boundary.

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  • Matlab Image watermarking question , using both SVD and DWT

    - by Georgek
    Hello all . here is a code that i got over the net ,and it is supposed to embed a watermark of size(50*20) called _copyright.bmp in the Code below . the size of the cover object is (512*512), it is called _lena_std_bw.bmp.What we did here is we did DWT2 2 times for the image , when we reached our second dwt2 cA2 size is 128*128. You should notice that the blocksize and it equals 4, it is used to determine the max msg size based on cA2 according to the following code:max_message=RcA2*CcA2/(blocksize^2). in our current case max_message would equal 128*128/(4^2)=1024. i want to embed a bigger watermark in the 2nd dwt2 and lets say the size of that watermark is 400*10(i can change the dimension using MS PAINT), what i have to do is change the size of the blocksize to 2. so max_message=4096.Matlab gives me 3 errors and they are : ??? Error using == plus Matrix dimensions must agree. Error in == idwt2 at 93 x = upsconv2(a,{Lo_R,Lo_R},sx,dwtEXTM,shift)+ ... % Approximation. Error in == two_dwt_svd_low_low at 88 CAA1 = idwt2(cA22,cH2,cV2,cD2,'haar',[RcA1,CcA1]); The origional Code is (the origional code where blocksize =4): %This algorithm makes DWT for the whole image and after that make DWT for %cH1 and make SVD for cH2 and embed the watermark in every level after SVD %(1) -------------- Embed Watermark ------------------------------------ %Add the watermar W to original image I and give the watermarked image in J %-------------------------------------------------------------------------- % set the gain factor for embeding and threshold for evaluation clc; clear all; close all; % save start time start_time=cputime; % set the value of threshold and alpha thresh=.5; alpha =0.01; % read in the cover object file_name='_lena_std_bw.bmp'; cover_object=double(imread(file_name)); % determine size of watermarked image Mc=size(cover_object,1); %Height Nc=size(cover_object,2); %Width % read in the message image and reshape it into a vector file_name='_copyright.bmp'; message=double(imread(file_name)); T=message; Mm=size(message,1); %Height Nm=size(message,2); %Width % perform 1-level DWT for the whole cover image [cA1,cH1,cV1,cD1] = dwt2(cover_object,'haar'); % determine the size of cA1 [RcA1 CcA1]=size(cA1) % perform 2-level DWT for cA1 [cA2,cH2,cV2,cD2] = dwt2(cA1,'haar'); % determine the size of cA2 [RcA2 CcA2]=size(cA2) % set the value of blocksize blocksize=4 % reshape the watermark to a vector message_vector=round(reshape(message,Mm*Nm,1)./256); W=message_vector; % determine maximum message size based on cA2, and blocksize max_message=RcA2*CcA2/(blocksize^2) % check that the message isn't too large for cover if (length(message) max_message) error('Message too large to fit in Cover Object') end %----------------------- process the image in blocks ---------------------- x=1; y=1; for (kk = 1:length(message_vector)) [cA2u cA2s cA2v]=svd(cA2(y:y+blocksize-1,x:x+blocksize-1)); % if message bit contains zero, modify S of the original image if (message_vector(kk) == 0) cA2s = cA2s*(1 + alpha); % otherwise mask is filled with zeros else cA2s=cA2s; end cA22(y:y+blocksize-1,x:x+blocksize-1)=cA2u*cA2s*cA2v; % move to next block of mask along x; If at end of row, move to next row if (x+blocksize) >= CcA2 x=1; y=y+blocksize; else x=x+blocksize; end end % perform IDWT CAA1 = idwt2(cA22,cH2,cV2,cD2,'haar',[RcA1,CcA1]); watermarked_image= idwt2(CAA1,cH1,cV1,cD1,'haar',[Mc,Nc]); % convert back to uint8 watermarked_image_uint8=uint8(watermarked_image); % write watermarked Image to file imwrite(watermarked_image_uint8,'dwt_watermarked.bmp','bmp'); % display watermarked image figure(1) imshow(watermarked_image_uint8,[]) title('Watermarked Image') %(2) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- %---------- Extract Watermark from attacked watermarked image ------------- %-------------------------------------------------------------------------- % read in the watermarked object file_name='dwt_watermarked.bmp'; watermarked_image=double(imread(file_name)); % determine size of watermarked image Mw=size(watermarked_image,1); %Height Nw=size(watermarked_image,2); %Width % perform 1-level DWT for the whole watermarked image [ca1,ch1,cv1,cd1] = dwt2(watermarked_image,'haar'); % determine the size of ca1 [Rca1 Cca1]=size(ca1); % perform 2-level DWT for ca1 [ca2,ch2,cv2,cd2] = dwt2(ca1,'haar'); % determine the size of ca2 [Rca2 Cca2]=size(ca2); % process the image in blocks % for each block get a bit for message x=1; y=1; for (kk = 1:length(message_vector)) % sets correlation to 1 when patterns are identical to avoid /0 errors % otherwise calcluate difference between the cover image and the % watermarked image [cA2u cA2s cA2v]=svd(cA2(y:y+blocksize-1,x:x+blocksize-1)); [ca2u1 ca2s1 ca2v1]=svd(ca2(y:y+blocksize-1,x:x+blocksize-1)); correlation(kk)=diag(ca2s1-cA2s)'*diag(ca2s1-cA2s)/(alpha*alpha)/(diag(cA2s)*diag(cA2s)); % move on to next block. At and of row move to next row if (x+blocksize) >= Cca2 x=1; y=y+blocksize; else x=x+blocksize; end end % if correlation exceeds average correlation correlation(kk)=correlation(kk)+mean(correlation(1:Mm*Nm)); for kk = 1:length(correlation) if (correlation(kk) > thresh*alpha);%thresh*mean(correlation(1:Mo*No))) message_vector(kk)=0; end end % reshape the message vector and display recovered watermark. figure(2) message=reshape(message_vector(1:Mm*Nm),Mm,Nm); imshow(message,[]) title('Recovered Watermark') % display processing time elapsed_time=cputime-start_time, please do help,its my graduation project and i have been trying this code for along time but failed miserable. Thanks in advance

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  • Subplots of multidimensional arrays in Matlab

    - by altes4ia
    I have a 10x10x10 array, z. How do I plot everything in the SAME window so that I would have the 3 plots for z(:,:,1) and below it the three plots for z(:,:,2) etc ? This is what I have so far: for i = 1:10 z=z(:,:,i); figure(i) subplot(1,2,1) surf(z) %code, obtain new array called "new1"... subplot(1,2,2) surf(new1) %code, obtain new array called "new2"... subplot(1,3,3) surf(new2) end;

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  • Matlab: Optimization by perturbing variable

    - by S_H
    My main script contains following code: %# Grid and model parameters nModel=50; nModel_want=1; nI_grid1=5; Nth=1; nRow.Scale1=5; nCol.Scale1=5; nRow.Scale2=5^2; nCol.Scale2=5^2; theta = 90; % degrees a_minor = 2; % range along minor direction a_major = 5; % range along major direction sill = var(reshape(Deff_matrix_NthModel,nCell.Scale1,1)); % variance of the coarse data matrix of size nRow.Scale1 X nCol.Scale1 %# Covariance computation % Scale 1 for ihRow = 1:nRow.Scale1 for ihCol = 1:nCol.Scale1 [cov.Scale1(ihRow,ihCol),heff.Scale1(ihRow,ihCol)] = general_CovModel(theta, ihCol, ihRow, a_minor, a_major, sill, 'Exp'); end end % Scale 2 for ihRow = 1:nRow.Scale2 for ihCol = 1:nCol.Scale2 [cov.Scale2(ihRow,ihCol),heff.Scale2(ihRow,ihCol)] = general_CovModel(theta, ihCol/(nCol.Scale2/nCol.Scale1), ihRow/(nRow.Scale2/nRow.Scale1), a_minor, a_major, sill/(nRow.Scale2*nCol.Scale2), 'Exp'); end end %# Scale-up of fine scale values by averaging [covAvg.Scale2,var_covAvg.Scale2,varNorm_covAvg.Scale2] = general_AverageProperty(nRow.Scale2/nRow.Scale1,nCol.Scale2/nCol.Scale1,1,nRow.Scale1,nCol.Scale1,1,cov.Scale2,1); I am using two functions, general_CovModel() and general_AverageProperty(), in my main script which are given as following: function [cov,h_eff] = general_CovModel(theta, hx, hy, a_minor, a_major, sill, mod_type) % mod_type should be in strings angle_rad = theta*(pi/180); % theta in degrees, angle_rad in radians R_theta = [sin(angle_rad) cos(angle_rad); -cos(angle_rad) sin(angle_rad)]; h = [hx; hy]; lambda = a_minor/a_major; D_lambda = [lambda 0; 0 1]; h_2prime = D_lambda*R_theta*h; h_eff = sqrt((h_2prime(1)^2)+(h_2prime(2)^2)); if strcmp(mod_type,'Sph')==1 || strcmp(mod_type,'sph') ==1 if h_eff<=a cov = sill - sill.*(1.5*(h_eff/a_minor)-0.5*((h_eff/a_minor)^3)); else cov = sill; end elseif strcmp(mod_type,'Exp')==1 || strcmp(mod_type,'exp') ==1 cov = sill-(sill.*(1-exp(-(3*h_eff)/a_minor))); elseif strcmp(mod_type,'Gauss')==1 || strcmp(mod_type,'gauss') ==1 cov = sill-(sill.*(1-exp(-((3*h_eff)^2/(a_minor^2))))); end and function [PropertyAvg,variance_PropertyAvg,NormVariance_PropertyAvg]=... general_AverageProperty(blocksize_row,blocksize_col,blocksize_t,... nUpscaledRow,nUpscaledCol,nUpscaledT,PropertyArray,omega) % This function computes average of a property and variance of that averaged % property using power averaging PropertyAvg=zeros(nUpscaledRow,nUpscaledCol,nUpscaledT); %# Average of property for k=1:nUpscaledT, for j=1:nUpscaledCol, for i=1:nUpscaledRow, sum=0; for a=1:blocksize_row, for b=1:blocksize_col, for c=1:blocksize_t, sum=sum+(PropertyArray((i-1)*blocksize_row+a,(j-1)*blocksize_col+b,(k-1)*blocksize_t+c).^omega); % add all the property values in 'blocksize_x','blocksize_y','blocksize_t' to one variable end end end PropertyAvg(i,j,k)=(sum/(blocksize_row*blocksize_col*blocksize_t)).^(1/omega); % take average of the summed property end end end %# Variance of averageed property variance_PropertyAvg=var(reshape(PropertyAvg,... nUpscaledRow*nUpscaledCol*nUpscaledT,1),1,1); %# Normalized variance of averageed property NormVariance_PropertyAvg=variance_PropertyAvg./(var(reshape(... PropertyArray,numel(PropertyArray),1),1,1)); Question: Using Matlab, I would like to optimize covAvg.Scale2 such that it matches closely with cov.Scale1 by perturbing/varying any (or all) of the following variables 1) a_minor 2) a_major 3) theta Thanks.

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  • Matlab matrix translation and rotation multiple times

    - by pinnacler
    I have a map of individual trees from a forest stored as x,y points in a matrix. I call it fixedPositions. It's cartesian and (0,0) is the origin. I would like 0/360 degrees to be the top of the screen and 90 degrees to be to the right. Given a velocity and a heading, i.e. .5 m/s and 60 degrees (2 o'clock equivalent on a watch), how do I rotate that x,y points, so that the new origin is centered at (.5cos(60),.5sin(60)) and 60 degrees is now at the top of the screen? Then if I were to give you another heading and speed, i.e. 0 degrees and 2m/s, it should calculate it from the last point, not the original fixedPositions origin. I've wasted my day trying to figure this out. I wish I took matrix algebra but I'm at a loss. I tried doing cos(30) and even those wouldn't compute correctly, which after an hour I realize were in radians.

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  • Finding edge and corner values of an image in matlab

    - by James
    Hi, this problem links to two other questions i've asked on here. I am tracing the outline of an image and plotting this to a dxf file. I would like to use the bwboundaries function to find the coordinates of the edges of the image, find the corner coordinates using the cornermetric function and then remove any edge coordinates that are not a corner. The important thing I need to be able to do is keep the order of the corner elements obtained from bwboundaries, so that the section traces properly. The dxf function I have that draws from the coordinates draws lines between coordinates that are next to each other, so the line has to be drawn "around" the section rather than straight between the corner points. The reason I am doing this is because there are less coordinates obtained this way, so it is easier to amend the dxf file (as there are less points to manipulate). The code I have so far is: %# Shape to be traced bw = zeros(200); bw(20:40,20:180) = 1; bw(20:180,90:110) = 1; bw(140:180,20:185) = 1; %# Boundary Finding Section [Boundary] = bwboundaries(bw); %Traces the boundary of each section figure, imshow(bw); hold on; colors=['b' 'g' 'r' 'c' 'm' 'y']; for k=1:length(Boundary) perim = Boundary{k}; %Obtains perimeter coordinates (as a 2D matrix) from the cell array cidx = mod(k,length(colors))+1;% Obtains colours for the plot plot(perim(:,2), perim(:,1),... colors(cidx),'LineWidth',2); end Coordmat = cell2mat(Boundary) %Converts the traced regions to a matrix X = Coordmat(:,1) Y = Coordmat(:,2) % This gives the edge coordinates in matrix form %% Corner Finding Section (from Jonas' answer to a previous question %# get corners cornerProbability = cornermetric(bw); cornerIdx = find(cornerProbability==max(cornerProbability(:))); %# Label the image. bwlabel puts 1 for the first feature, 2 for the second, etc. %# Since concave corners are placed just outside the feature, grow the features %# a little before labeling bw2 = imdilate(bw,ones(3)); labeledImage = bwlabel(bw2); %# read the feature number associated with the corner cornerLabels = labeledImage(cornerIdx); %# find all corners that are associated with feature 1 corners_1 = cornerIdx(cornerLabels==1) [Xcorners, Ycorners] = ind2sub(200,corners_1) % Convert subscripts The code I have is, to give a matrix Xfin for the final x coordinates (which are on the edge AND at a corner. Xfin = zeros(length(X),1) for i = Xcorners XFin(i) = Xcorners if i~= Xcorners XFin(i) = [] end end However, this does not work correctly, because the values in the solution are sorted into order, and only one of each value remains. As I said, I would like the corner elements to be in the same order as obtained from bwboundaries, to allow the image to trace properly. Thanks

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  • Latex label/ref for "fake" external figure

    - by Yannick Wurm
    Hello, some journals require each figure to be submitted in a separate document. However, they do want the figure legends to be listed in the main document. I was thus hoping to do something along these lines: \section{Figure Legends} \begin{description} \item[Figure \ref{fig:fireAntBiology}] \label{fig:fireAntBiology} bla bla ants \end{description} This would still permit to \ref the figure from the main text. However, it doesn't work (The \ref returns the number of section "Figure Legends"). The following correctly gives a different number to each "figure": \item[Figure \ref{fig:fireAntBiology}] \begin{figure} \caption{\label{fig:fireAntBiology}} \end{figure} bla bla ants However, it also places empty figure floats throughout the document. A solution should be straightforward. What am I missing? Any ideas? Thanks! yannick

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  • Matlab cell length

    - by AP
    Ok I seem to have got the most of the problem solved, I just need an expert eye to pick my error as I am stuck. I have a file of length [125 X 27] and I want to convert it to a file of length [144 x 27]. Now, I want to replace the missing files (time stamps) rows of zeros. (ideally its a 10 min daily average thus should have file length of 144) Here is the code I am using: fid = fopen('test.csv', 'rt'); data = textscan(fid, ['%s' repmat('%f',1,27)], 'HeaderLines', 1, 'Delimiter', ','); fclose(fid); %//Make time a datenum of the first column time = datenum(data{1} , 'mm/dd/yyyy HH:MM') %//Find the difference in minutes from each row timeDiff = round(diff(datenum(time)*(24*60))) %//the rest of the data data = cell2mat(data(2:28)); newdata=zeros(144,27); for n=1:length(timeDiff) if timeDiff(n)==10 newdata(n,:)=data(n,:); newdata(n+1,:)=data(n+1,:); else p=timeDiff(n)/10 n=n+p; end end Can somebody please help me to find the error inside my for loop. My output file seems to miss few timestamped values. %*********************************************************************************************************** Can somebody help me to figure out the uiget to read the above file?? i am replacing fid = fopen('test.csv', 'rt'); data = textscan(fid, ['%s' repmat('%f',1,27)], 'HeaderLines', 1, 'Delimiter', ','); fclose(fid); With [c,pathc]=uigetfile({'*.txt'},'Select the file','C:\data'); file=[pathc c]; file= textscan(c, ['%s' repmat('%f',1,27)], 'HeaderLines', 1, 'Delimiter', ','); And its not working % NEW ADDITION to old question p = 1; %index into destination for n = 1:length(timeDiff) % if timeDiff(n) == 10 % newfile(p,:) = file(n,:); % newfile(p+1,:)=file(n+1,:); % p = p + 1; % else % p = p + (timeDiff(n)/10); % end q=cumsum(timeDiff(n)/10); if q==1 newfile(p,:)=file(n,:); p=p+1; else p = p + (timeDiff(n)/10); end end xlswrite('testnewws11.xls',newfile); even with the cumsum command this code fails when my file has 1,2 time stamps in middle of long missing ones example 8/16/2009 0:00 5.34 8/16/2009 0:10 3.23 8/16/2009 0:20 2.23 8/16/2009 0:30 1.23 8/16/2009 0:50 70 8/16/2009 2:00 5.23 8/16/2009 2:20 544 8/16/2009 2:30 42.23 8/16/2009 3:00 71.23 8/16/2009 3:10 3.23 My output looks like 5.34 3.23 2.23 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.23 544. 42.23 0 0 0 3.23 Any ideas?

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  • how to animate 2 surfaces in Matlab?

    - by Kate
    Hi everyone, I've written this code which makes an animation of 2 ellipsoids. Parameter k1 of these ellipsoids must depend on time (so they'd move asynchronously), but I need to animate them in one figure. Can I use loop for it or is it better to use timer & some kind of callback functions? The second problem - I need to move inner ellipsoid so they would have one common side. How can I do this? a=5; b=a; c=10; u = (0:0.05*pi:2*pi)'; v = [0:0.05*pi:2*pi]; X = a*sin(u)*cos(v); Y = a*sin(u)*sin(v); Z = c*cos(u)*ones(size(v)); Z(Z0)=0; % cut upper V1=4/3*pi*a*b*c; d=1/2; e=2^d; a2=a/e; b2=a/e; c2=c; V2=4/3*pi*a2*b2*c2; X2 = a2*sin(u)*cos(v);%-2.5; Y2 = b2*sin(u)*sin(v); Z2 = c2*cos(u)*ones(size(v));%+0.25; Z2(Z20)=0; % cut h=1/3; for j = 1:20 k1=(sin(pi*j/20)+0.5)^h; a=a*k1; c=c*k1; X = a*sin(u)*cos(v); Y = a*sin(u)*sin(v); Z = c*cos(u)*ones(size(v)); Z(Z0)=0; a2=a2*k1; b2=a2*k1; c2=c2*k1; X2 = a2*sin(u)*cos(v)+5;%-2.5; Y2 = b2*sin(u)*sin(v); Z2 = c2*cos(u)*ones(size(v));%+0.25; Z2(Z20)=0; hS1=surf(X,Y,Z); alpha(.11) hold on hS2=surf(X2,Y2,Z2); hold off axis([-20 20 -20 20 -20 20]); F(j) = getframe; end movie(F,4)

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