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  • Best available technology for layered disk cache in linux

    - by SpliFF
    I've just bought a 6-core Phenom with 16G of RAM. I use it primarily for compiling and video encoding (and occassional web/db). I'm finding all activities get disk-bound and I just can't keep all 6 cores fed. I'm buying an SSD raid to sit between the HDD and tmpfs. I want to setup a "layered" filesystem where reads are cached on tmpfs but writes safely go through to the SSD. I want files (or blocks) that haven't been read lately on the SSD to then be written back to a HDD using a compressed FS or block layer. So basically reads: - Check tmpfs - Check SSD - Check HD And writes: - Straight to SSD (for safety), then tmpfs (for speed) And periodically, or when space gets low: - Move least frequently accessed files down one layer. I've seen a few projects of interest. CacheFS, cachefsd, bcache seem pretty close but I'm having trouble determining which are practical. bcache seems a little risky (early adoption), cachefs seems tied to specific network filesystems. There are "union" projects unionfs and aufs that let you mount filesystems over each other (USB device over a DVD usually) but both are distributed as a patch and I get the impression this sort of "transparent" mounting was going to become a kernel feature rather than a FS. I know the kernel has a built-in disk cache but it doesn't seem to work well with compiling. I see a 20x speed improvement when I move my source files to tmpfs. I think it's because the standard buffers are dedicated to a specific process and compiling creates and destroys thousands of processes during a build (just guessing there). It looks like I really want those files precached. I've read tmpfs can use virtual memory. In that case is it practical to create a giant tmpfs with swap on the SSD? I don't need to boot off the resulting layered filesystem. I can load grub, kernel and initrd from elsewhere if needed. So that's the background. The question has several components I guess: Recommended FS and/or block layer for the SSD and compressed HDD. Recommended mkfs parameters (block size, options etc...) Recommended cache/mount technology to bind the layers transparently Required mount parameters Required kernel options / patches, etc..

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  • How can I quickly zoom in on the Mac OS X version of Word without having to use the menu?

    - by Lloyd
    (I'm using the Mac version MS Word 2011) I used to happily use the wheel mouse to zoom but, after upgrading to the Mac Magic mouse (using only finger slide movement to scroll and pan) I can no longer hold Ctrl and roll the mouse to zoom (driving me crazy) and I can't see a useful keyboard shortcut and the zoom slider bar in the lower right of the Word screen isn't practical (in my experience). Is there any way to zoom in on the Mac Version of Microsoft Word 2011 without resorting to using a menu?

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  • Escaping Variable in Cat

    - by Peter
    I'm trying to write a shell script over ssh via a bash prompt. The shell, however, insists on interpreting any variable I want to write instead of writing it directly to file. For example, cat <<EOF >checkup.sh\n'$command'EOF is simply written as '' to file. How do I get $command written instead? I've tried every practical method of escaping I can think of. If it changes anything, I'm doing it over PHP using phpseclib.

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  • bash vs sh | What is the difference

    - by Saif Bechan
    In using i see 2 types of code #!/usr/bin/sh and #!/user/bin/bash I have Googled this and the opinions vary a lot. The explanation I have seen on most websites is that sh is older than bash, and that there is no real difference. Does someone know the difference between these and can give a practical example when to use either one of them. I highly doubt that there is no real difference, because then having to things that do the exact same thing would be just

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  • Install ubuntu 9.10 over network

    - by Narendra Sisodiya
    Imagine the condition for lab for 100 computers Case 1 - Hardware conf of all 100 comp is same -- what is the best way to install Ubuntu 9.10 in whole lab Case 2 - Hardware conf of all 100 comp is different from each other -- what is the best way to install Ubuntu 9.10 in whole lab Any practical experience ? Any good links ?

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  • Select a word using keyboard special case

    - by wataka
    I know the Ctrl+Shift+Arrow_Key to select a word. But suppose this is the case: "Hello!, my na|me is Peter" Where the cursor is where the pipe is. I'm looking for some keyboard shorcut that select the word "name". The only way I found was: Ctrl+Right, Left, Ctrl+Shift+Left. But it isn't practical. Any hint? Edit: I'm on Windows 7, and I'd like some generic solution if exists (not software dependent)

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  • Common and maximum number of virtual machines per server?

    - by Rabarberski
    For a project I am trying to get real-life estimates for the number of virtual machines per server, both typically and maximally. Of course, the maximum number of VMs would be depending on the type of applications (disk intensive, network intensive, ...), and server hardware (like number of cores, memory, ...), but still it would be useful to know if a typical maximum is about 10, 20 or 30 VMs per server. Can anybody give practical numbers?

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  • How stable is zfs-fuse 0.6.9 on Linux?

    - by Mavrik
    I'm thinking of using ZFS for my home-made NAS array. I would have 4 HDDs in raidz on a Ubuntu Server 10.04 machine. I'd like to use the snapshot capability and dedup when storing data. I'm not so much concerned about the speed, since the machine is accessed via N wireless network and that is probably going to be the bottleneck. So does anyone have any practical experience with zfs-fuse 0.6.9 on such (or simillar) configuration?

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  • check if a domain is blacklisted / blocked

    - by Henry
    Some clients report to us that our site is not accessible through their internet connection. We suspect our site is wrongfully blocked by some security software/firewall/public blacklist. How can we verify that, other than trying them one by one? There are so many security software out there that it is not practical... Thx

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  • --prefix to /usr/local or /opt?

    - by Paul Alexander
    For building apps from source like git or rails I've seen recommendations to install in both /opt or /usr/local. From what I've read so for, the designated use for both is about the same and it amounts to merely a style issue. Is there any practical difference? Best practices?

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  • How to add wildcards to Linux Malware Detect ignore_paths

    - by Laurence Cope
    I am using Linux Malware Detect to scan and report on malware, but on a daily basis I receive alerts for malware in users emails (mainly spam folder). I do not want alerts for this, the spam folders are cleaned often, and the users may clean it also. I tried adding wildcards into /usr/local/maldetect/ignore_paths as follows but they are not ignored: /home/*/homes/*/Maildir /home/?/homes/?/Maildir Does anyone know how to exclude folders using wildcards, as it would not be practical to add the full path of every users mail directory. Thanks

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  • What is the difference between bash and sh

    - by Saif Bechan
    In using i see 2 types of code #!/usr/bin/sh and #!/user/bin/bash I have Googled this and the opinions vary a lot. The explanation I have seen on most websites is that sh is older than bash, and that there is no real difference. Does someone know the difference between these and can give a practical example when to use either one of them. I highly doubt that there is no real difference, because then having to things that do the exact same thing would be just

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  • Self-healing Cloud vs Failover Boxes

    - by IMB
    Now that self-healing cloud servers are becoming more and more popular, I am currently torn between the decision if I should setup a HAproxy failover for my VPS or if should save myself the trouble and just put my sites on a self-healing cloud server. Does it still make sense to setup your own failover system (HAproxy + 2 or more servers for example) when self healing cloud seems like a practical solution? They seem to do the same job or am I missing something?

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  • Seriousness of a "Smart" disk error. How long will it last?

    - by Workshop Alex
    I have an 1 TB data disk and the bios and Windows are reporting a "Smart" error. At least, I get a Smart event but it doesn't indicate how serious the failure could be. My system is about 6 months old, including the disk so the warranty will cover the damage. Unfortunately, I lack a second disk of 1 TB in size which I can use to make a full backup. The most important data on this disk is safe, but there's a lot of work data which can be regenerated but this would cost a lot of time. So I ordered an USB disk of 1 TB which will arrive in three days. By then I can make a full backup of the data and afterwards, it can crash. But will the disk live that long? (Well, I won't use the PC as long as I can't make a backup.) How serious is such a Smart event? I know it's serious enough to have it replaced, but will it live for another week or could it die any moment?Update: I purchased an 1 TB external disk and spent most of the day making a backup of the 1 TB disk. It survived that. I then received a new disk, since it was still under warranty and replaced the hard disk. Then I had to spend most of a day again to put back the backup. I need to send back the faulty disk and now have an additional external disk, which could always be practical. :-) The Smart Error report did not cause any failures on the original disk. I won't advise to ignore these warnings, but the disk still has enough life in it to last a few more days. (Just make sure you have a good back-up.) And oh, the horror of having to make a complete backup such a huge disk. :-) If your data is important, make sure you have something that supports incremental backups and lots of space. (In my case, the data wasn't very important, just practical to have on-disk together.)

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  • How do I slow down a video generating new interpolated frames?

    - by Grzegorz Adam Hankiewicz
    I've used mencoder's speed parameter to generate a video which is played at half the speed. This basically means halving the framerate of the video. But I'm interested in software that could convert a 30fps video to another 30fps video with half the frames interpolated, maybe using the motion information stored in the video stream per se. I think this is called intra-frame interpolation, but I haven't found anything practical other than research papers. Any pointers to such software?

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  • Creating a DJVU file from scanned BMPs

    - by Freddie Witherden
    Recently I have been scanning some of my hand written notes. Each page ends up as a .bmp file (300 DPI A4). I wish to combine/compress these too a DJVU file for easy reading. Hence, Does anyone know of any programs/utilities for OS X/Linux that can do this. If so, what settings can be considered optimal (lined paper, some coloured ink used). Are there any practical means of tagging pages/regions (to create an outline).

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  • Windows Vista - behavior with RAM minimum

    - by benc
    I am considering creating a Vista install, in VirtualBox, in a minimum configuration. The Microsoft pages seem consistent on the most important points: 1 GB of system memory 40 GB hard drive with at least 15 GB of available space 128 MB of graphics memory (minimum) In my experience sometimes these recommendations are accurate. (For example, I have a Windows XP in VirtualBox that generally behaves well running in the stated minimum). If anyone has some practical experience (especially the type that could save me hours of pain), please let me know.

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  • Restart a single apache vhost

    - by snowflake
    I've got an Apache (2) server with several virtual hosts. I currently have mysql db locks problems on one virtual host. A common and practical way to easy release those locks and unlock the site (while the dev team refactor its application to avoid the locks), is to simply restart the apache server. I'm wondering if there is a way to restart the single vhost that is in trouble. Thank you for any comments

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  • How do you disable an upstart service in ubuntu 10.10?

    - by Doug
    In 10.10 upstart is being used instead of sysvinit. It's possible to remove annoying upstart services which you do not want by removing the appropriate file in /etc/init/blah.conf However, this seems a heavy handed approach. How do you correctly configure upstart to be able to selectively turn these services on and off via the command line? As a practical example, the answers listed here to turn gdm off using rcconf no longer work: How do I prevent GDM from running at boot on Ubuntu?

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  • E-ink screens for desktop PC?

    - by Legooolas
    Are there PC monitors which are e-ink displays? E-ink is so much easier to read documents on that I'd rather like a secondary monitor just for documents, but I can't find any monitors available currently. Perhaps just an e-reader with some kind of remote control from a PC, so that it can be put in a cradle and display a document, but it would also need to have a fairly large screen to make it practical (perhaps something like A4 (EU) or Letter (US) sized?)

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  • Limit NFS block size from server side?

    - by paulw1128
    Is it possible to enforce a maximum rsize/wsize in nfsd? I'm having issues related to IP fragmentation (yes, I'm stuck with NFS-over-UDP, contrary to the warnings in the manpage), and have no practical access to the client mount command (buried in one of many TFTP boot images). http://nfs.sourceforge.net/nfs-howto/ar01s05.html lists a kernel source parameter limiting the maximum block size, but I'm not gong to get away with recompiling the nfsd kernel module so that's not really an option either :-(

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  • Benchmark virtual machines?

    - by evan
    I'm looking for a good way to benchmark the performance of Ubuntu machines (preferably from the command line - only care about harddrive speed, memory, and cpu - not graphics). Are there any programs that could also be used on Mac or Windows so I could compare the results against an Apple or PC Desktop? Ultimately I'd like to use these benchmarks to compare different virtual machine configurations (speeds on different hosts and different hardware to get practical idea of the differences between different setups a rigs). Thanks!

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