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  • LaTeX - Making a lighter version of text, like anti-bold?

    - by Rory
    I'm making a LaTeX document for someone. A certain piece of text looks "bold" for them, even though I'm not using the \textbf command. It's just a normal default LaTeX font. Is there any command to make a 'lighter version', i.e. make the text lighter, thinner? Something that looks to normal text, what normal text looks to bold?

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  • Intermittent error thrown, "A required anti-forgery token was not supplied or was invalid."

    - by Dave K
    I'm occasionally getting this error during normal use, and I've not found a way to stop it without removing the attribute that requires the token, which I'd rather not do. I've gotten this bug during my own testing (but seemingly randomly) and I know from my logging that actual logged-in users are getting it as well. Does anyone know what would cause the antiforgerytoken system to break (other than a real attack), and how I could fix this without opening up a security hole in my forms? Thanks!

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  • What is the best anti-crack scheme for your trial or subscription software?

    - by gmatt
    Writing code takes time and effort and just like any other human being we need to live by making an income (save for the few that are actually self sustainable.) Here are 3 general schemes to make a living: Independent developers can offer a trial then purchase scheme. An alternative is an open source base application with pay extensions. A last (probably least popular with customers) scheme is to enforce some kind of subscription. Then the price of the software pales in comparison to the long term subscription fees. So, my question would be a hypothetical one. Suppose that you invest thousands of hours into developing an application. Now suppose you can choose any one of the three options to make a living off this application--or any other option you want--and suppose you have a very real fear of loosing 80% of your revenue to a cracked version if one can be made. To be clear this application does not require the internet to perform all its useful functions, that is, your application is a prime candidate to be a cracked release on some website. Which option would you feel most comfortable with defending yourself against this possible situation and briefly describe why this option would be the best.

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  • HLSL - How can I set sampler Min/Mag/Mip filters to disable all filtering/anti-aliasing?

    - by RJFalconer
    I have a tex2D sampler I want to only return precisely those colours that are present on my texture. In the event of a texel overlapping multiple colours, I want it to pick one and have the whole texel be that colour. I think to do this I want to disable mipmapping, or at least trilinear filtering of mips. sampler2D gColourmapSampler : register(s0) = sampler_state { Texture = <gColourmapTexture>; //Defined above MinFilter = None; //Controls sampling. None, Linear, or Point. MagFilter = None; //Controls sampling. None, Linear, or Point. MipFilter = None; //Controls how the mips are generated. None, Linear, or Point. //... }; My problem is I don't really understand Min/Mag/Mip filtering, so am not sure what combination I need to set these in, or if this is even what I am after. MSDN has this to say; D3DSAMP_MAGFILTER: Magnification filter of type D3DTEXTUREFILTERTYPE D3DSAMP_MINFILTER: Minification filter of type D3DTEXTUREFILTERTYPE. D3DSAMP_MIPFILTER: Mipmap filter to use during minification. See D3DTEXTUREFILTERTYPE. D3DTEXF_NONE: When used with D3DSAMP_MIPFILTER, disables mipmapping.

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  • Self-Configuring Classes W/ Command Line Args: Pattern or Anti-Pattern?

    - by dsimcha
    I've got a program where a lot of classes have really complicated configuration requirements. I've adopted the pattern of decentralizing the configuration and allowing each class to take and parse the command line/configuration file arguments in its c'tor and do whatever it needs with them. (These are very coarse-grained classes that are only instantiated a few times, so there is absolutely no performance issue here.) This avoids having to do shotgun surgery to plumb new options I add through all the levels they need to be passed through. It also avoids having to specify each configuration option in multiple places (where it's parsed and where it's used). What are some advantages/disadvantages of this style of programming? It seems to reduce separation of concerns in that every class is now doing configuration stuff, and to make programs less self-documenting because what parameters a class takes becomes less explicit. OTOH, it seems to increase encapsulation in that it makes each class more self-contained because no other part of the program needs to know exactly what configuration parameters a class might need.

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  • CodePlex Daily Summary for Sunday, February 28, 2010

    CodePlex Daily Summary for Sunday, February 28, 2010New ProjectsESB Toolkit Extensions: ESB Extensions is a solution containing multiple .Net Projects and artifacts: Unit Tests, Itineraries, Business Rules, Binding Files, and C# Class ...Event-Based Components Binder: The Binder automatically connects output-pins to input-pins of Event-Based Components based on message type information and naming conventions. ...Haze Anti-Virus: Haze Anti-Virus is a anti virus written in C# and has features such a realtime process watching and a Process Blacklist, and is able to download Da...latex2mathml: A .NET 2.0 library written in C# which allows the conversion of LaTeX documents to XHTML+MathML format. A stand-alone converter is included. The li...Project Lyrebird: Project lyrebird is a attempt to create a all-purpose media player. It is designed to be simple, yet powerful. Its written in C#QueryToGrid Module for DotNetNuke®: This is a module that allows you to execute and display the results of T-SQL queries in DotNetNuke using your choice of AJAX grids.Reusable Library Demo: A demonstration of reusable abstractions for enterprise application developerSharePoint 2010 Conference Samples: This project contains source code from various SharePoint 2010 conferences where Scot Hillier presented.Silverlight Photo Blogger: Silverlight Photo Blogger gives you the tools you need to capture and blog about your travels in a rich and interactive web experience. Enjoy som...SMTP Test: Several times we are faced with applications that send email, the SMTP Tester principle objective is to test various possibilities of sendingSolution Tools - tools for Visual Studio solutions and projects: Solution Tools are a collection of tools that you can use with your Visual Studio Solutions and projects.New ReleasesAgile Poker Cards for Windows Mobile: Agile Poker Cards v1.1.0.0: Agile Poker Cards v1.1.0.0 Use this application to display poker cards in a planning session on a Windows Mobile device. Release notes Added new ...BuildTools - Toolset for automated builds: BuildTools 2.0 Feb 2010 Milestone: The Feb 2010 Milestone release is a complete rewrite of the old codebase in Visual Studio 2010 RC. It features MSBuild tasks for generating build v...Composure: NHibernate-Trunk-2010-02-25-VS2010.NET4 Alpha1: Recent NHibernate-Trunk conversion for Visual Studio 2010 Beta2 against .NET 4.0. Although all of the tests pass (other than the "Ignored"), this ...Employee Scheduler: Employee Scheduler 2.4: Extract the files to a directory and run Lab Hours.exe. Add an employee. Double click an employee to modify their times. Please contact me through ...ESB Toolkit Extensions: Tellago BizTalk ESB 2.0 Toolkit Extensions: Windows Installer file that installs Library on a BizTalk ESB 2.0 system. This Install automatically configures the esb.config to use the new compo...Haze Anti-Virus: Haze Anti-Virus Binary v1.0.3: This is the Compiled version of Haze Anti-Virus, please let me know about any bugs, thanks Please Note that Database updating is currently not avai...Haze Anti-Virus: Haze Anti-Virus Source v1.0.3: This is the source for Haze Anti-VirusHOG Project: HOG Visual Studio Template: This is Visual Studio HOG Template. Created by the great tool: Solution FactoryHOG Project: Template user guide: HOW TOiTuner - The iTunes Companion: iTuner 1.1.3711: Two new features are available: the Automated Librarian and Playlist Exporter. The iTuner Automated Librarian automatically cleans the iTunes libr...johanleino.codeplex.com: SilverlightMultiLevelNavigationExample: The source code for SilverlightMultiLevelNavigationExample (VS 2010)MDownloader: MDownloader-0.15.3.56128: Fixed filefactory provider implementation after site changes.MiniTwitter: 1.09: MiniTwitter 1.09 更新内容 変更 スクロール位置がトップ以外の時は自動更新や発言時に位置を保持するように変更 タブ毎にスクロール位置が変わらないように変更 URL に ? や ! が含まれている時は短縮 URL に変換するように変更NMock3: NMock3 - Beta 4, .NET 3.5: This release includes the most current version of the NMock2 project code from Source Forge. Please start providing feedback on the tutorials. The...QueryUnit: QueryUnitPOC v. 0.0.0.7: - This version fixes problems related to the fact that in previous releases you had to specify expected values using locale-specific formats. Now e...RapidWebDev - .NET Enterprise Software Development Infrastructure: RapidWebDev 1.51: This is a hot-fix version for 1.5 which is added a new restful web service for concrete data and fixed some major bugs. The change list is as follo...Rawr: Rawr 2.3.11: - Load from Armory code cleaned up. - Tiny Abomination in a Jar's proc how now been more accurately modeled. - You should now be able to reload...Resharper Settings Manager: RSM v1.2: Changes Added Default Settings File option. The selected settings file will be loaded automatically for solutions with no settings sharing. Added...Reusable Library Demo: Reusable Library Demo v1.0.0: A demonstration of reusable abstractions for enterprise application developerRounded Corners / DIV Container: MJC RoundedDiv 3.2: This is the first public release on Codeplex.com. Versions previous to 3.2 were created before this control was made available on Codeplex.com.SharePoint 2010 Conference Samples: Samples: Download the samples from the conferencesSharePoint Outlook Connector: Version 1.2.2.8: Saving email message as list item and attachments as attachment of the list item functionality has been addedSharePoint URL Ping Tool: Url Ping Tool Solution: A solution that contain one fram fature that will add a link under Site Administration section in the Site Settings page.SMTP Test: Fist SMTP Tester: First ReleaseSolution Tools - tools for Visual Studio solutions and projects: SolutionTools binary: Initial release of the tool. Turns out, this project was just a big waste of effort - use Project Linker instead!Solution Tools - tools for Visual Studio solutions and projects: SolutionTools source - don't use this tool: Initial release of the tool. Turns out, this project was just a big waste of effort - use Project Linker instead! Anyway, here's the source code...Spark View Engine: Spark v1.1 RC1: Overview This build is a preview of v1.1. Among other changes it provides support for ASP.NET MVC 2 RC2. Spark v1.1 release will be created soon ...Sprite Sheet Packer: 2.0 Release: I'm calling this a full new release because I can. Refactored all of the build logic to sspack.exe. This allows you to run this from the command l...SPSF SharePoint Software Factory: SPSF SharePoint Software Factory 2.4.3: New features: WSPBuilder support, Simple Application now with optional multilanguage support, Extending deployment skript for large deployments Fix...TortoiseHg: Beta for TortoiseHg 1.0 (0.9.31201): Beta for TortoiseHg 1.0 (0.9.31201) Please backup your user Mercurial.ini file and then uninstall any 0.9.X release before installing Use the x86...UI Compiler .NET - JavaScript compiler/minifier built on Google Closure Compiler: UI Compiler .NET 1.5 Beta: UI Compiler .NET does not include Java. To be able to run Google Closure Compiler locally you must make sure that Java 6 is installed. If Java 6 (o...VCC: Latest build, v2.1.30227.0: Automatic drop of latest buildVisual Studio DSite: File Encryption and Decryption (Visual Basic 2008): This program will create an encrypted copy of the file specified. Also decrypt the file specified. This program contains the source code but if yo...Visual Studio DSite: Visual C++ 2008 CLR Console Application Random Int: This source code includes an example of generating a random integer between the numbers 1-100.Weather Forecast Control: MJC MyWeather 2.2: This is the first public release on Codeplex.com. Versions previous to 2.2 were created before this control was made available on Codeplex.com.Most Popular ProjectsRawrWBFS ManagerAJAX Control ToolkitMicrosoft SQL Server Product Samples: DatabaseSilverlight ToolkitWindows Presentation Foundation (WPF)Microsoft SQL Server Community & SamplesASP.NETDotNetNuke® Community EditionBlogEngine.NETMost Active ProjectsDinnerNow.netRawrBlogEngine.NETMapWindow GISSLARToolkit - Silverlight Augmented Reality ToolkitCommon Context Adapterspatterns & practices – Enterprise LibrarySharpMap - Geospatial Application Framework for the CLRNB_Store - Free DotNetNuke Ecommerce Catalog ModuleRapid Entity Framework. (ORM). CTP 2

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  • Win 7 firewall won't turn on, nor the McAfee firewall. Hit by "Win 7 Anti-virus 2012" trojan. Removed, but a downed firewall is a lasting legacy

    - by PhxTitan
    I caught the Trojan right away, I think, but both my McAfee & Win 7 (x64) firewalls are not able to be engaged/turned on now. MS Error Code 0x80070424 when attempting to turn on Win 7 firewall. No viruses. Swept it with McAfee AV, Malwarebytes Anti-Malware, Microsoft malware removal tools. Followed Microsoft's three courses of alternative actions they posted for instructions for getting the Win 7 firewall back up and on. Nothing. Same error code. The post just said see MS support if those fixes failed. So I removed McAfee altogether. Still Win 7 (professional version) firewall won't come on; and clean of detectable bugs. And I'm fully updated with MS Windows 7 updates as well, which is no longer automatic, that too a legacy of the trojan bug I think. Any thoughts on how to get the Win 7 firewall operational??? And auto updating reengaged?

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  • how to remove unmet dependencies created by vlc player in ubuntu 12.04 LTS?

    - by Anti
    Output on trying to remove vlc with sudo apt-get remove vlc: niranjan@niranjan-OEM:~$ sudo apt-get remove vlc Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these: The following packages have unmet dependencies: libvlccore5 : Depends: vlc-data (= 2.0.8-0ubuntu0.12.04.1) but it is not going to be installed E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt-get -f install' with no packages (or specify a solution). Trying sudo apt-get -f install niranjan@niranjan-OEM:~$ sudo apt-get -f install Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Correcting dependencies... Done The following extra packages will be installed: vlc-data The following NEW packages will be installed: vlc-data 0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 452 not upgraded. 8 not fully installed or removed. Need to get 0 B/10.3 MB of archives. After this operation, 30.4 MB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y (Reading database ... 95% dpkg: unrecoverable fatal error, aborting: files list file for package 'libavutil51' is missing final newline E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (2)

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  • Monitor programs accessing my keyboard?

    - by Anti Earth
    As of a few days ago, my computer is behaving 'erratically'. When I am typing, my pointer will randomly move to another place in the text and start typing a semi-random string of characters. ("gvyfn" is common; It has typed this about 8 times whilst I composed all the text above) It often highlights part of or all the text and overwrites it. It sometimes goes into loops of pressing Control-alt-delete down, bringing up Windows 7 menu thing. It sometimes even messes with mouseclicks; they have unexpected results, like requesting admin priveledges from applications, instead of switching to their window. I believe this is because it is holding a alt-function key down. This behaviour happens periodically, in waves. It might subside for an hour, then continue to haunt me. I believe it to be a virus or malicious program. My anti-virus (Symantec) and multiply MS rootkit removers could not find anything suspicious. I've noticed that sometimes it re-maps keys, and types gibberish when I press certain keys (though no pattern is evident). I believe a malicious program has installed a keyhook on my computer. I'm wondering... - Is there a way to let me view which programs are emulating keystrokes? - Is there a way to view what keyboard hooks are installed? (I'm also at liberty to try any other techniques to remove this blasted thing. It is easily the most fustrating computer problem I've encountered). Thanks!

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  • Microsoft Security Essentials 2.0 Kills Viruses Dead. Download It Now.

    - by The Geek
    Microsoft’s Security Essentials has been our favorite anti-malware application for a while—it’s free, unobtrusive, and it doesn’t slow your PC down, but now it’s even better with the new 2.0 release, which adds network filtering, heuristic protection, and more. Just to be clear and direct with you: we absolutely recommend Microsoft Security Essentials as your anti-malware / anti-virus utility over any other option—and how can you argue? It’s totally free! New Features in 2.0 Here’s all of the new features in the latest release, which make it even more of a must-download: Network Traffic Inspection integrates into the network system and monitors the traffic at a low level without slowing down your PC, so it can actually detect threats before they get to your PC.   Internet Explorer Integration blocks malicious scripts before IE even starts running them—clearly a big security advantage.  Heuristic Scanning Engine finds malware that hasn’t been previously detected by scanning for certain types of attacks. This provides even more protection than just through virus definitions.   These new features make MSE on par with other anti-malware applications, especially the heuristic scanning, which has been the only complaint that anybody could make against MSE in the past—but now it has it Latest Features How-To Geek ETC The Complete List of iPad Tips, Tricks, and Tutorials The 50 Best Registry Hacks that Make Windows Better The How-To Geek Holiday Gift Guide (Geeky Stuff We Like) LCD? LED? Plasma? The How-To Geek Guide to HDTV Technology The How-To Geek Guide to Learning Photoshop, Part 8: Filters Improve Digital Photography by Calibrating Your Monitor The Spam Police Parts 1 and 2 – Goodbye Spammers [Videos] Snow Angels Theme for Windows 7 Exploring the Jungle Ruins Wallpaper Protect Your Privacy When Browsing with Chrome and Iron Browser Free Shipping Day is Friday, December 17, 2010 – National Free Shipping Day Find an Applicable Quote for Any Programming Situation

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  • Adding the New HTML Editor Extender to a Web Forms Application using NuGet

    - by Stephen Walther
    The July 2011 release of the Ajax Control Toolkit includes a new, lightweight, HTML5 compatible HTML Editor extender. In this blog entry, I explain how you can take advantage of NuGet to quickly add the new HTML Editor control extender to a new or existing ASP.NET Web Forms application. Installing the Latest Version of the Ajax Control Toolkit with NuGet NuGet is a package manager. It enables you to quickly install new software directly from within Visual Studio 2010. You can use NuGet to install additional software when building any type of .NET application including ASP.NET Web Forms and ASP.NET MVC applications. If you have not already installed NuGet then you can install NuGet by navigating to the following address and clicking the giant install button: http://nuget.org/ After you install NuGet, you can add the Ajax Control Toolkit to a new or existing ASP.NET Web Forms application by selecting the Visual Studio menu option Tools, Library Package Manager, Package Manager Console: Selecting this menu option opens the Package Manager Console. You can enter the command Install-Package AjaxControlToolkit in the console to install the Ajax Control Toolkit: After you install the Ajax Control Toolkit with NuGet, your application will include an assembly reference to the AjaxControlToolkit.dll and SanitizerProviders.dll assemblies: Furthermore, your Web.config file will be updated to contain a new tag prefix for the Ajax Control Toolkit controls: <configuration> <system.web> <compilation debug="true" targetFramework="4.0" /> <pages> <controls> <add tagPrefix="ajaxToolkit" assembly="AjaxControlToolkit" namespace="AjaxControlToolkit" /> </controls> </pages> </system.web> </configuration> The configuration file installed by NuGet adds the prefix ajaxToolkit for all of the Ajax Control Toolkit controls. You can type ajaxToolkit: in source view to get auto-complete in Source view. You can, of course, change this prefix to anything you want. Using the HTML Editor Extender After you install the Ajax Control Toolkit, you can use the HTML Editor Extender with the standard ASP.NET TextBox control to enable users to enter rich formatting such as bold, underline, italic, different fonts, and different background and foreground colors. For example, the following page can be used for entering comments. The page contains a standard ASP.NET TextBox, Button, and Label control. When you click the button, any text entered into the TextBox is displayed in the Label control. It is a pretty boring page: Let’s make this page fancier by extending the standard ASP.NET TextBox with the HTML Editor extender control: Notice that the ASP.NET TextBox now has a toolbar which includes buttons for performing various kinds of formatting. For example, you can change the size and font used for the text. You also can change the foreground and background color – and make many other formatting changes. You can customize the toolbar buttons which the HTML Editor extender displays. To learn how to customize the toolbar, see the HTML Editor Extender sample page here: http://www.asp.net/ajaxLibrary/AjaxControlToolkitSampleSite/HTMLEditorExtender/HTMLEditorExtender.aspx Here’s the source code for the ASP.NET page: <%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeBehind="Default.aspx.cs" Inherits="WebApplication1.Default" %> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head runat="server"> <title>Add Comments</title> </head> <body> <form id="form1" runat="server"> <div> <ajaxToolkit:ToolkitScriptManager ID="TSM1" runat="server" /> <asp:TextBox ID="txtComments" TextMode="MultiLine" Columns="50" Rows="8" Runat="server" /> <ajaxToolkit:HtmlEditorExtender ID="hee" TargetControlID="txtComments" Runat="server" /> <br /><br /> <asp:Button ID="btnSubmit" Text="Add Comment" Runat="server" onclick="btnSubmit_Click" /> <hr /> <asp:Label ID="lblComment" Runat="server" /> </div> </form> </body> </html> Notice that the page above contains 5 controls. The page contains a standard ASP.NET TextBox, Button, and Label control. However, the page also contains an Ajax Control Toolkit ToolkitScriptManager control and HtmlEditorExtender control. The HTML Editor extender control extends the standard ASP.NET TextBox control. The HTML Editor TargetID attribute points at the TextBox control. Here’s the code-behind for the page above:   using System; namespace WebApplication1 { public partial class Default : System.Web.UI.Page { protected void btnSubmit_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { lblComment.Text = txtComments.Text; } } }   Preventing XSS/JavaScript Injection Attacks If you use an HTML Editor -- any HTML Editor -- in a public facing web page then you are opening your website up to Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attacks. An evil hacker could submit HTML using the HTML Editor which contains JavaScript that steals private information such as other user’s passwords. Imagine, for example, that you create a web page which enables your customers to post comments about your website. Furthermore, imagine that you decide to redisplay the comments so every user can see them. In that case, a malicious user could submit JavaScript which displays a dialog asking for a user name and password. When an unsuspecting customer enters their secret password, the script could transfer the password to the hacker’s website. So how do you accept HTML content without opening your website up to JavaScript injection attacks? The Ajax Control Toolkit HTML Editor supports the Anti-XSS library. You can use the Anti-XSS library to sanitize any HTML content. The Anti-XSS library, for example, strips away all JavaScript automatically. You can download the Anti-XSS library from NuGet. Open the Package Manager Console and execute the command Install-Package AntiXSS: Adding the Anti-XSS library to your application adds two assemblies to your application named AntiXssLibrary.dll and HtmlSanitizationLibrary.dll. After you install the Anti-XSS library, you can configure the HTML Editor extender to use the Anti-XSS library your application’s web.config file: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <configuration> <configSections> <sectionGroup name="system.web"> <section name="sanitizer" requirePermission="false" type="AjaxControlToolkit.Sanitizer.ProviderSanitizerSection, AjaxControlToolkit"/> </sectionGroup> </configSections> <system.web> <sanitizer defaultProvider="AntiXssSanitizerProvider"> <providers> <add name="AntiXssSanitizerProvider" type="AjaxControlToolkit.Sanitizer.AntiXssSanitizerProvider"></add> </providers> </sanitizer> <compilation debug="true" targetFramework="4.0" /> <pages> <controls> <add tagPrefix="ajaxToolkit" assembly="AjaxControlToolkit" namespace="AjaxControlToolkit" /> </controls> </pages> </system.web> </configuration> Summary In this blog entry, I described how you can quickly get started using the new HTML Editor extender – included with the July 2011 release of the Ajax Control Toolkit – by installing the Ajax Control Toolkit with NuGet. If you want to learn more about the HTML Editor then please take a look at the Ajax Control Toolkit sample site: http://www.asp.net/ajaxLibrary/AjaxControlToolkitSampleSite/HTMLEditorExtender/HTMLEditorExtender.aspx

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  • Security Issues with Single Page Apps

    - by Stephen.Walther
    Last week, I was asked to do a code review of a Single Page App built using the ASP.NET Web API, Durandal, and Knockout (good stuff!). In particular, I was asked to investigate whether there any special security issues associated with building a Single Page App which are not present in the case of a traditional server-side ASP.NET application. In this blog entry, I discuss two areas in which you need to exercise extra caution when building a Single Page App. I discuss how Single Page Apps are extra vulnerable to both Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attacks and Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) attacks. This goal of this blog post is NOT to persuade you to avoid writing Single Page Apps. I’m a big fan of Single Page Apps. Instead, the goal is to ensure that you are fully aware of some of the security issues related to Single Page Apps and ensure that you know how to guard against them. Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) Attacks According to WhiteHat Security, over 65% of public websites are open to XSS attacks. That’s bad. By taking advantage of XSS holes in a website, a hacker can steal your credit cards, passwords, or bank account information. Any website that redisplays untrusted information is open to XSS attacks. Let me give you a simple example. Imagine that you want to display the name of the current user on a page. To do this, you create the following server-side ASP.NET page located at http://MajorBank.com/SomePage.aspx: <%@Page Language="C#" %> <html> <head> <title>Some Page</title> </head> <body> Welcome <%= Request["username"] %> </body> </html> Nothing fancy here. Notice that the page displays the current username by using Request[“username”]. Using Request[“username”] displays the username regardless of whether the username is present in a cookie, a form field, or a query string variable. Unfortunately, by using Request[“username”] to redisplay untrusted information, you have now opened your website to XSS attacks. Here’s how. Imagine that an evil hacker creates the following link on another website (hackers.com): <a href="/SomePage.aspx?username=<script src=Evil.js></script>">Visit MajorBank</a> Notice that the link includes a query string variable named username and the value of the username variable is an HTML <SCRIPT> tag which points to a JavaScript file named Evil.js. When anyone clicks on the link, the <SCRIPT> tag will be injected into SomePage.aspx and the Evil.js script will be loaded and executed. What can a hacker do in the Evil.js script? Anything the hacker wants. For example, the hacker could display a popup dialog on the MajorBank.com site which asks the user to enter their password. The script could then post the password back to hackers.com and now the evil hacker has your secret password. ASP.NET Web Forms and ASP.NET MVC have two automatic safeguards against this type of attack: Request Validation and Automatic HTML Encoding. Protecting Coming In (Request Validation) In a server-side ASP.NET app, you are protected against the XSS attack described above by a feature named Request Validation. If you attempt to submit “potentially dangerous” content — such as a JavaScript <SCRIPT> tag — in a form field or query string variable then you get an exception. Unfortunately, Request Validation only applies to server-side apps. Request Validation does not help in the case of a Single Page App. In particular, the ASP.NET Web API does not pay attention to Request Validation. You can post any content you want – including <SCRIPT> tags – to an ASP.NET Web API action. For example, the following HTML page contains a form. When you submit the form, the form data is submitted to an ASP.NET Web API controller on the server using an Ajax request: <!DOCTYPE html> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <title></title> </head> <body> <form data-bind="submit:submit"> <div> <label> User Name: <input data-bind="value:user.userName" /> </label> </div> <div> <label> Email: <input data-bind="value:user.email" /> </label> </div> <div> <input type="submit" value="Submit" /> </div> </form> <script src="Scripts/jquery-1.7.1.js"></script> <script src="Scripts/knockout-2.1.0.js"></script> <script> var viewModel = { user: { userName: ko.observable(), email: ko.observable() }, submit: function () { $.post("/api/users", ko.toJS(this.user)); } }; ko.applyBindings(viewModel); </script> </body> </html> The form above is using Knockout to bind the form fields to a view model. When you submit the form, the view model is submitted to an ASP.NET Web API action on the server. Here’s the server-side ASP.NET Web API controller and model class: public class UsersController : ApiController { public HttpResponseMessage Post(UserViewModel user) { var userName = user.UserName; return Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.OK); } } public class UserViewModel { public string UserName { get; set; } public string Email { get; set; } } If you submit the HTML form, you don’t get an error. The “potentially dangerous” content is passed to the server without any exception being thrown. In the screenshot below, you can see that I was able to post a username form field with the value “<script>alert(‘boo’)</script”. So what this means is that you do not get automatic Request Validation in the case of a Single Page App. You need to be extra careful in a Single Page App about ensuring that you do not display untrusted content because you don’t have the Request Validation safety net which you have in a traditional server-side ASP.NET app. Protecting Going Out (Automatic HTML Encoding) Server-side ASP.NET also protects you from XSS attacks when you render content. By default, all content rendered by the razor view engine is HTML encoded. For example, the following razor view displays the text “<b>Hello!</b>” instead of the text “Hello!” in bold: @{ var message = "<b>Hello!</b>"; } @message   If you don’t want to render content as HTML encoded in razor then you need to take the extra step of using the @Html.Raw() helper. In a Web Form page, if you use <%: %> instead of <%= %> then you get automatic HTML Encoding: <%@ Page Language="C#" %> <% var message = "<b>Hello!</b>"; %> <%: message %> This automatic HTML Encoding will prevent many types of XSS attacks. It prevents <script> tags from being rendered and only allows &lt;script&gt; tags to be rendered which are useless for executing JavaScript. (This automatic HTML encoding does not protect you from all forms of XSS attacks. For example, you can assign the value “javascript:alert(‘evil’)” to the Hyperlink control’s NavigateUrl property and execute the JavaScript). The situation with Knockout is more complicated. If you use the Knockout TEXT binding then you get HTML encoded content. On the other hand, if you use the HTML binding then you do not: <!-- This JavaScript DOES NOT execute --> <div data-bind="text:someProp"></div> <!-- This Javacript DOES execute --> <div data-bind="html:someProp"></div> <script src="Scripts/jquery-1.7.1.js"></script> <script src="Scripts/knockout-2.1.0.js"></script> <script> var viewModel = { someProp : "<script>alert('Evil!')<" + "/script>" }; ko.applyBindings(viewModel); </script>   So, in the page above, the DIV element which uses the TEXT binding is safe from XSS attacks. According to the Knockout documentation: “Since this binding sets your text value using a text node, it’s safe to set any string value without risking HTML or script injection.” Just like server-side HTML encoding, Knockout does not protect you from all types of XSS attacks. For example, there is nothing in Knockout which prevents you from binding JavaScript to a hyperlink like this: <a data-bind="attr:{href:homePageUrl}">Go</a> <script src="Scripts/jquery-1.7.1.min.js"></script> <script src="Scripts/knockout-2.1.0.js"></script> <script> var viewModel = { homePageUrl: "javascript:alert('evil!')" }; ko.applyBindings(viewModel); </script> In the page above, the value “javascript:alert(‘evil’)” is bound to the HREF attribute using Knockout. When you click the link, the JavaScript executes. Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) Attacks Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) attacks rely on the fact that a session cookie does not expire until you close your browser. In particular, if you visit and login to MajorBank.com and then you navigate to Hackers.com then you will still be authenticated against MajorBank.com even after you navigate to Hackers.com. Because MajorBank.com cannot tell whether a request is coming from MajorBank.com or Hackers.com, Hackers.com can submit requests to MajorBank.com pretending to be you. For example, Hackers.com can post an HTML form from Hackers.com to MajorBank.com and change your email address at MajorBank.com. Hackers.com can post a form to MajorBank.com using your authentication cookie. After your email address has been changed, by using a password reset page at MajorBank.com, a hacker can access your bank account. To prevent CSRF attacks, you need some mechanism for detecting whether a request is coming from a page loaded from your website or whether the request is coming from some other website. The recommended way of preventing Cross-Site Request Forgery attacks is to use the “Synchronizer Token Pattern” as described here: https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Cross-Site_Request_Forgery_%28CSRF%29_Prevention_Cheat_Sheet When using the Synchronizer Token Pattern, you include a hidden input field which contains a random token whenever you display an HTML form. When the user opens the form, you add a cookie to the user’s browser with the same random token. When the user posts the form, you verify that the hidden form token and the cookie token match. Preventing Cross-Site Request Forgery Attacks with ASP.NET MVC ASP.NET gives you a helper and an action filter which you can use to thwart Cross-Site Request Forgery attacks. For example, the following razor form for creating a product shows how you use the @Html.AntiForgeryToken() helper: @model MvcApplication2.Models.Product <h2>Create Product</h2> @using (Html.BeginForm()) { @Html.AntiForgeryToken(); <div> @Html.LabelFor( p => p.Name, "Product Name:") @Html.TextBoxFor( p => p.Name) </div> <div> @Html.LabelFor( p => p.Price, "Product Price:") @Html.TextBoxFor( p => p.Price) </div> <input type="submit" /> } The @Html.AntiForgeryToken() helper generates a random token and assigns a serialized version of the same random token to both a cookie and a hidden form field. (Actually, if you dive into the source code, the AntiForgeryToken() does something a little more complex because it takes advantage of a user’s identity when generating the token). Here’s what the hidden form field looks like: <input name=”__RequestVerificationToken” type=”hidden” value=”NqqZGAmlDHh6fPTNR_mti3nYGUDgpIkCiJHnEEL59S7FNToyyeSo7v4AfzF2i67Cv0qTB1TgmZcqiVtgdkW2NnXgEcBc-iBts0x6WAIShtM1″ /> And here’s what the cookie looks like using the Google Chrome developer toolbar: You use the [ValidateAntiForgeryToken] action filter on the controller action which is the recipient of the form post to validate that the token in the hidden form field matches the token in the cookie. If the tokens don’t match then validation fails and you can’t post the form: public ActionResult Create() { return View(); } [ValidateAntiForgeryToken] [HttpPost] public ActionResult Create(Product productToCreate) { if (ModelState.IsValid) { // save product to db return RedirectToAction("Index"); } return View(); } How does this all work? Let’s imagine that a hacker has copied the Create Product page from MajorBank.com to Hackers.com – the hacker grabs the HTML source and places it at Hackers.com. Now, imagine that the hacker trick you into submitting the Create Product form from Hackers.com to MajorBank.com. You’ll get the following exception: The Cross-Site Request Forgery attack is blocked because the anti-forgery token included in the Create Product form at Hackers.com won’t match the anti-forgery token stored in the cookie in your browser. The tokens were generated at different times for different users so the attack fails. Preventing Cross-Site Request Forgery Attacks with a Single Page App In a Single Page App, you can’t prevent Cross-Site Request Forgery attacks using the same method as a server-side ASP.NET MVC app. In a Single Page App, HTML forms are not generated on the server. Instead, in a Single Page App, forms are loaded dynamically in the browser. Phil Haack has a blog post on this topic where he discusses passing the anti-forgery token in an Ajax header instead of a hidden form field. He also describes how you can create a custom anti-forgery token attribute to compare the token in the Ajax header and the token in the cookie. See: http://haacked.com/archive/2011/10/10/preventing-csrf-with-ajax.aspx Also, take a look at Johan’s update to Phil Haack’s original post: http://johan.driessen.se/posts/Updated-Anti-XSRF-Validation-for-ASP.NET-MVC-4-RC (Other server frameworks such as Rails and Django do something similar. For example, Rails uses an X-CSRF-Token to prevent CSRF attacks which you generate on the server – see http://excid3.com/blog/rails-tip-2-include-csrf-token-with-every-ajax-request/#.UTFtgDDkvL8 ). For example, if you are creating a Durandal app, then you can use the following razor view for your one and only server-side page: @{ Layout = null; } <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Index</title> </head> <body> @Html.AntiForgeryToken() <div id="applicationHost"> Loading app.... </div> @Scripts.Render("~/scripts/vendor") <script type="text/javascript" src="~/App/durandal/amd/require.js" data-main="/App/main"></script> </body> </html> Notice that this page includes a call to @Html.AntiForgeryToken() to generate the anti-forgery token. Then, whenever you make an Ajax request in the Durandal app, you can retrieve the anti-forgery token from the razor view and pass the token as a header: var csrfToken = $("input[name='__RequestVerificationToken']").val(); $.ajax({ headers: { __RequestVerificationToken: csrfToken }, type: "POST", dataType: "json", contentType: 'application/json; charset=utf-8', url: "/api/products", data: JSON.stringify({ name: "Milk", price: 2.33 }), statusCode: { 200: function () { alert("Success!"); } } }); Use the following code to create an action filter which you can use to match the header and cookie tokens: using System.Linq; using System.Net.Http; using System.Web.Helpers; using System.Web.Http.Controllers; namespace MvcApplication2.Infrastructure { public class ValidateAjaxAntiForgeryToken : System.Web.Http.AuthorizeAttribute { protected override bool IsAuthorized(HttpActionContext actionContext) { var headerToken = actionContext .Request .Headers .GetValues("__RequestVerificationToken") .FirstOrDefault(); ; var cookieToken = actionContext .Request .Headers .GetCookies() .Select(c => c[AntiForgeryConfig.CookieName]) .FirstOrDefault(); // check for missing cookie or header if (cookieToken == null || headerToken == null) { return false; } // ensure that the cookie matches the header try { AntiForgery.Validate(cookieToken.Value, headerToken); } catch { return false; } return base.IsAuthorized(actionContext); } } } Notice that the action filter derives from the base AuthorizeAttribute. The ValidateAjaxAntiForgeryToken only works when the user is authenticated and it will not work for anonymous requests. Add the action filter to your ASP.NET Web API controller actions like this: [ValidateAjaxAntiForgeryToken] public HttpResponseMessage PostProduct(Product productToCreate) { // add product to db return Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.OK); } After you complete these steps, it won’t be possible for a hacker to pretend to be you at Hackers.com and submit a form to MajorBank.com. The header token used in the Ajax request won’t travel to Hackers.com. This approach works, but I am not entirely happy with it. The one thing that I don’t like about this approach is that it creates a hard dependency on using razor. Your single page in your Single Page App must be generated from a server-side razor view. A better solution would be to generate the anti-forgery token in JavaScript. Unfortunately, until all browsers support a way to generate cryptographically strong random numbers – for example, by supporting the window.crypto.getRandomValues() method — there is no good way to generate anti-forgery tokens in JavaScript. So, at least right now, the best solution for generating the tokens is the server-side solution with the (regrettable) dependency on razor. Conclusion The goal of this blog entry was to explore some ways in which you need to handle security differently in the case of a Single Page App than in the case of a traditional server app. In particular, I focused on how to prevent Cross-Site Scripting and Cross-Site Request Forgery attacks in the case of a Single Page App. I want to emphasize that I am not suggesting that Single Page Apps are inherently less secure than server-side apps. Whatever type of web application you build – regardless of whether it is a Single Page App, an ASP.NET MVC app, an ASP.NET Web Forms app, or a Rails app – you must constantly guard against security vulnerabilities.

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  • Does Ubuntu run well on an USB HDD?

    - by Klaus
    I have here a company notebook, and because the HDD is full encrypted, I cannot install an extra partition for another system that I would like to use in my free time. And I really need another system, because this crap Windows here with that much of anti-virus, anti-spyware, anti-whatever on it is so slow and annoying. What can I do? I could use an external USB HDD with another system. Because I would like to handle big files and so on, I don't want to use a USB stick. A USB 2.5 HDD + Ubuntu is what I think the best option. Here are my questions: Do I have to note something? Does Ubuntu run well on an external HDD? Do I have big performance problems (because of the USB HDD)? Should I buy a very fast HDD for much money or it is not that important? Any suggestions?

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  • Google Search Engine Optimization Principles

    Google has come to be seen as the most complicated and innovative search engine as it really armed with an array of anti-spam technology. Google's expanding use of anti-spam features has meant that optimizing websites for Google has become significantly harder and it's now not merely a case of opening your internet sites source files in notepad, including a few key terms into your several HTML tags, uploading your files and looking forward to the results.

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  • How to Use 3 Monitors

    - by The.Anti.9
    Right now my setup has a nice big 24" flatscreen in the center, and a 19" flatscreen to the left. And a big gaping hole on the right. I have a 3rd monitor to put there, but I'm not sure how to get the computer to recognize it. Do I need a graphics card with 3 ports? Or can I span the monitors over non SLI-Linked graphics cards? Is it possible to plug my 3rd monitor into the on-board VGA port and have it work?

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  • Refactor: Sequential Coupling => Template Method

    Another colleague brought me present today - the blog post. Thank you. You were right!We will do some refactoring which will lead us from Anti-Pattern to Pattern. From Sequential Coupling to Template Method. And as I see it could be very common way to refactor bad code that represents mentioned anti

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  • nginx proxying different servers for different subdomains

    - by The.Anti.9
    i just set up an nginx server. On the same computer as nginx, I have apache running on port 8000 (this was previously set up.) and I want no subdomain and the www. subdomain to go to the local apache instance. But i want the stuff. subdomain to link to my server where i keep all my miscellaneous files (pictures, documents, etc.), which is also listening on port 80 at the ip 192.168.1.102. I tried configuring it, but when i go to my domain, I just get the "Welcome to nginx!". Here's what I have: user www-data; worker_processes 1; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; pid /var/run/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { include /etc/nginx/mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; sendfile on; #tcp_nopush on; #keepalive_timeout 0; keepalive_timeout 65; tcp_nodelay on; gzip on; include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; server { listen 80; server_name theanti9.com www.theanti9.com; access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log; location / { proxy_pass http://localhost:8000; } } server { listen 80; server_name stuff.theanti9.com; access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log; location / { proxy_pass http://192.168.1.102:80; } } } I'm not really sure what's wrong. Any suggestions?

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  • ubuntu: starting program with sudo on boot

    - by The.Anti.9
    I am trying to start xampp when the ubuntu starts on ubuntu 9.10. I tried going to system-preferences-startup applications adding it there, but it didn't work. I surmised it was because it needs to be started as root. I know you can make a startup script some how, but I'm not sure how to do it. How can I make it start xampp when the computer boots, even without logging in? FYI, the command for starting it is sudo /opt/lampp/lampp start

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  • Is -1 a magic number? An anti-pattern? A code smell? Quotes and guidelines from authorities

    - by polygenelubricants
    I've seen -1 used in various APIs, most commonly when searching into a "collection" with zero-based indices, usually to indicate the "not found" index. This "works" because -1 is never a legal index to begin with. It seems that any negative number should work, but I think -1 is almost always used, as some sort of (unwritten?) convention. I would like to limit the scope to Java at least for now. My questions are: What are the official words from Sun regarding using -1 as a "special" return value like this? What quotes are there regarding this issue, from e.g. James Gosling, Josh Bloch, or even other authoritative figures outside of Java? What were some of the notable discussions regarding this issue in the past?

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  • Program for drawing with pen tablet, like Salman Khan's one.

    - by Halst
    Hi, I do a lot of sketching with my pen-tablet. I use MS Paint in Windows 7, and it is just perfect except for anti-aliasing. I found some videos of Salman Khan, where his sketching is really smooth and anti-aliased. Do you know what program he might use? You can see a bit of its interface here: http://www.khanacademy.org/press/chronicle.html and some more: http:/www.khanacademy.org/ http:/khanexercises.appspot.com/video?v=GW8ZPjGlk24 Else, you can recommend me something else. I hope to find something like MS Paint in Windows 7, but anti-aliased, or whatever. PS. Sorry for awkward links - newbies are allowed only 1 link per post

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  • Program for drawing with pen tablet, like Salman Khan's one

    - by Halst
    I do a lot of sketching with my pen-tablet. I use Microsoft Paint in Windows 7, and it is just perfect except for bad anti-aliasing. I found some videos of Salman Khan, where his sketching is really smooth and anti-aliased. Do you know what program he might use? You can see a bit of its interface here: http://www.khanacademy.org/press/chronicle.HTML and some more: http://www.khanacademy.org/ http://khanexercises.appspot.com/video?v=GW8ZPjGlk24 Else, you can recommend me something else. I hope to find something like Microsoft Paint in Windows 7, but anti-aliased, or whatever.

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  • USB drive gets infected every time I plug it into my laptop

    - by ashwnacharya
    Whenever I plug in my USB flash drive into my laptop running Windows XP, an AutoRun.inf file gets created inside it. Also a hidden folder called "Cache" which uses the Recycle bin icon gets created. AutoRUn.inf file cannot be opened in Windows. Both the Autorun.inf file and the "Cache" folder cannot be deleted. I opened the AutoRun.inf file using Ubuntu. I saw that it is trying to run a file Cache\TMP983.exe. I ran all anti-spywares, anti-malwares, anti-viruses, USB autorun eaters, but to no avail. How do I fix this?

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  • How important is patch management?

    - by James Hill
    Problem I'm trying to sell the idea of organizational patch/update management and antivirus management to my superiors. Thus far, my proposition has been met with two responses: We haven't had any issues yet (I would add that we know of) We just don't think it's that big of a risk. Question Are there any resources available that can help me sell this idea? I've been told that 55-85% of all security related issues can be resolved by proper anti-virus and patch/update management but the individual that told me couldn't substantiate the claim. Can it be substantiated? Additional Information 1/5 of our computers (the ones on the building) have Windows update turned on by default and anti-virus installed. 4/5 of our computers are outside corporate and the users currently have full control over anti-virus and Windows updates (I know this is an issue, one step at a time).

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