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  • Default Contoller in CodeIgniter

    - by gregavola
    I am wondering if there is any other configuration options for a default controller. For example - if I have a controller called "site" and I set the default controller in the following file: application/config/routes.php to: $route['default_controller'] = "site"; I should be able to go to http://localhost and that brings up the index(); function in the site controller. However, if I try to do go to http://localhost/index.php/index2 to load the index2(); function I get a 404 error. If I change the URL to http://localhost/index.php/site/index2 it works fine - but I thought already set the default controller. Is there any way around this?

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  • Merge Twitter Outh and Facebook Connect Friends

    - by G Ullman
    Basically what I want to do is download all a users facebook and twitter friends and somehow find a way to figure out which entries represent the same person. I know it's possible because a lot of social search sites like spokeo achieve what I want and more, so does anyone know how they go about doing it or the best way to go about it? I have a basic idea of the facebook and twitter api calls I need to be making however feel free to add any advice or warnings there as well. I know facebook hashes the emails which seems like it could pose a problem. Any help is greatly appreciated.

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  • Can I have an android activity run only on the first time an application is opened?

    - by The Trav
    OK, so I'm playing around with an android app. The 90% use case is that users want to go straight to the primary list screen to find what they're looking for. That's what I want as my default screen. The first time a user loads the app however, some configuration is required before their list screen is of any value to them. So my question, is how I can go about displaying the configuration activity the first time the app is opened up, and then the list screen for future openings. I also want to put a demo button on the configuration screen, so I suppose more than just detecting that it's the first time, I specifically want to detect whether the user has performed certain configurations within the first screen.

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  • How do I require a login for a user in Django?

    - by Di Zou
    In my urls.py I have this: (r'^myapp/$', 'myapp.views.views.index'), (r'^myapp/login/$', 'myapp.views.views.login_user'), In my settings.py I have this: LOGIN_URL = '/myapp/login' In my views.py I have this: @login_required((login_url='/myapp/login/') def index(request): return render_to_response('index.html') def login_user(request): #login stuff return render(request, 'registration/login.html', {'state':state, 'username': username}) I can go to mysite.com/myapp/login and the login page works. However, when I go to mysite.com/myapp/index I do not get redirected to the login page even though I am logged out. Why is that and how do I fix it?

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  • How to extract data from Google Analytics and build a data warehouse (webhouse) from it?

    - by nkaur301
    I have click stream data such as referring URL, top landing pages, top exit pages and metrics such as page views, number of visits, bounces all in Google Analytics. I am required to build a data warehouse from scratch(which I believe is known as web-house) from this data. My questions are:- 1)Is it possible? Every day data increases (some in terms of metrics or measures such as visits and some in terms of new referring sites), how would the process of loading the warehouse go about? 2)What ETL tool would help me to achieve this? Pentaho I believe has a way to pull out data from Google Analytics, has anyone used it? How does that process go? Any references, links would be appreciated besides answers.

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  • PHP - Setting Database Info

    - by user1710648
    First off, I'm sorry if this shows no code which is not what Stack Overflow is about..But I have no clue where to go on this. I have a basic CMS I made, and I am trying to distribute it. I want to make it so that upon going to /cms/install for example, they set the database info, and different info to integrate into the CMS. Now my issue is, what would be the best method to allow the user to store that database info? A cookie seems to not be the right way..Could I store database info inside of a database? Not too sure where to go on this. More or less. What is the best way to temporarily store the database information the user gave before arrival of the full CMS.

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  • Skeleton framework spacing

    - by user1745014
    I tried to ask this question late lastnight but I was so sleepy i typed the question completely wrong. I'm looking to float my navigation to the right of its current position around 200px more, there is room but it wont move over. You can view the live code here - www.xronn.co.uk/hosting and here is an image to explain my issue a little more http://i.stack.imgur.com/JtL0C.png purple lines the 960px width of the site blue line shows the space free for the navigation to go and the red arrows of course shows which direction i want the navigation to go in (the right) Anyone got any clue why when I push to more to the right, the list starts to sit under each other

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  • nginx - how do I get rewrite directives to execute before index directives?

    - by Daniel Hai
    I'm trying a simple internal rewrite with nginx to navigate to a sub-directory depending on the user_agent -- mobile browsers go to /mobile, otherwise they go to /www however it seems that when I rewrite these urls, the index directive is processed before the rewrites, so I end up getting 403 forbidden. # TEST FOR INDEX index index.php # TEST PHONES if ($http_user_agent ~* '(iPhone|iPod)') { rewrite ^(.*)$ /mobile$1 break; } # OTHERWISE WE ARE DONE rewrite ^(.*)$ /www$1 break; when I turn off the re-writes and hit the hostname (http://www.somehost.com/) the index is displayed correctly. When they are on, I have to explicitly navigate to somehost.com/index.php to get the script to run ... Do I have to explicity test for directories, and then re-write to an index.php file, or is there a simpler solution?

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  • How to Best Setup a Website Project in VS.NET

    - by Jason
    I have very little experience with setting up a website from scratch in a .NET environment. As I am doing this now, I am wondering - what's the best way to go? Is it better to create a new Website Project, and include the various backend services and database code as part of that project, or is it better to split out the various aspects of the project? If the second, how would I go about doing that? I want to ensure that this project is easy to manage in the future (in terms of source control, deployment, etc), so I want to make sure I'm starting off on the right foot. I was unable to find any tutorials online, but if you have any, I would appreciate those as well. Thanks!

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  • PHP parameter without value using for navigation

    - by somewalri
    Hello, I am trying to set up a navigation system that uses GET parameters with no value, example: http://foo.bar/?mainPage takes the visitor to the main page. So I am using if statements and I am wondering if there is a way I can do this without a bunch of if statements? I don't think switch statements would work for this. This is currently what I have: $mainPage = $_GET['mainPage']; $contact = $_GET['contact']; if(isset($mainPage)) { // go to main page } if(isset($contact)) { // go to contact page } I don't want to have to end up writing a ton of if statements, though. Any ideas? Thanks.

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  • [C#] Implementing different windows/forms in a Windows Mobile application?

    - by pbean
    I am a bit new to Windows Mobile (with C# and the compact framework) development, so I am kind of unsure how to do this. The user has to go through several pages of information in a wizard-like manner. At the start there is a login window. How would I go about and implement this? Would I just have different User Controls for each page and create/show and destroy/hide them on request? Or do I need to create different forms and somehow show those?

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  • extended permissions

    - by melimoreno
    Hi i'm doing a fb app that update the status box(what's in your mind), i'm using set_status from facebooker .. first i have this error: set_status needs extended permission so i google it and find this: before_filter :ensure_has_status_update .. so i put it in my controller and that solves the problem, but when i try to update the status, all ways redirect me to a fb page that says: You have already granted permissions to this application. so i go to the controller comment before_filter :ensure_has_status_update and then go to my app again and it works.. so i want to do this if (has_status_update == false) ask for permision else update the status i google it for a long time but i can't find an answer..

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  • jQuery lightBox plugin, problem with first image

    - by torm
    Hi, for start sorry for my bad english... but i have a little problem with this plugin. http://leandrovieira.com/projects/jquery/lightbox/ - to be sure we know what i'm talking about. So... i've got an image gallery with thumbs, and everything goes well.. except... when i click on the first image... it shows - ok, but i can go to the next image by clicking "next". It's loading all the time. When i choose second image... everything is allright, and i can skip to the next images... but i also cannot go back to the first one.

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  • What does "Only catch exceptions you can handle" really mean?

    - by KyleLib
    I'm tasked with writing an Exception Handling Strategy and Guidelines document for a .NET/C# project I'm working on. I'm having a tough go at it. There's plenty of information available for how/when to throw, catch, wrap exceptions, but I'm looking for describing what sorts of things should go on inside the catch block short of wrapping and throwing the exception. try { DoSomethingNotNice(); } catch (ExceptionICanHandle ex) { //Looking for examples of what people are doing in catch blocks //other than throw or wrapping the exception, and throwing. } Thanks in advance

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  • read variables from file

    - by TonyVipros
    Hi, I'm trying to write a shell script to backup websites, I've got it to go through each directory in vhosts and create a new directory vhosts/{siteurl}/private/backups/ and gzip up the site into there. However, I also want it to read a file from private that will contain database name, user and password. So I can then use these to perform a mysqldump to private/backups/. The problem is that I've never written a shell script before so I've go no idea how to read variable data into my script, or how I should format the file to be read. Hope that's enough information.

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  • elinks http autentication

    - by G45
    I'm trying to use linux elinks text browser to go to a website. This site requires http authentication. If I press escape it and hide the login prompt once and then If I try to go the particular website again it doesn't show the login prompt again. I try "flush all caches" But it doesn't work until I close my terminal and get a new one. Is there any other way to get over with this? This should be a simple question. But I googled and couldn't find a answer.

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  • The Incremental Architect&rsquo;s Napkin - #5 - Design functions for extensibility and readability

    - by Ralf Westphal
    Originally posted on: http://geekswithblogs.net/theArchitectsNapkin/archive/2014/08/24/the-incremental-architectrsquos-napkin---5---design-functions-for.aspx The functionality of programs is entered via Entry Points. So what we´re talking about when designing software is a bunch of functions handling the requests represented by and flowing in through those Entry Points. Designing software thus consists of at least three phases: Analyzing the requirements to find the Entry Points and their signatures Designing the functionality to be executed when those Entry Points get triggered Implementing the functionality according to the design aka coding I presume, you´re familiar with phase 1 in some way. And I guess you´re proficient in implementing functionality in some programming language. But in my experience developers in general are not experienced in going through an explicit phase 2. “Designing functionality? What´s that supposed to mean?” you might already have thought. Here´s my definition: To design functionality (or functional design for short) means thinking about… well, functions. You find a solution for what´s supposed to happen when an Entry Point gets triggered in terms of functions. A conceptual solution that is, because those functions only exist in your head (or on paper) during this phase. But you may have guess that, because it´s “design” not “coding”. And here is, what functional design is not: It´s not about logic. Logic is expressions (e.g. +, -, && etc.) and control statements (e.g. if, switch, for, while etc.). Also I consider calling external APIs as logic. It´s equally basic. It´s what code needs to do in order to deliver some functionality or quality. Logic is what´s doing that needs to be done by software. Transformations are either done through expressions or API-calls. And then there is alternative control flow depending on the result of some expression. Basically it´s just jumps in Assembler, sometimes to go forward (if, switch), sometimes to go backward (for, while, do). But calling your own function is not logic. It´s not necessary to produce any outcome. Functionality is not enhanced by adding functions (subroutine calls) to your code. Nor is quality increased by adding functions. No performance gain, no higher scalability etc. through functions. Functions are not relevant to functionality. Strange, isn´t it. What they are important for is security of investment. By introducing functions into our code we can become more productive (re-use) and can increase evolvability (higher unterstandability, easier to keep code consistent). That´s no small feat, however. Evolvable code can hardly be overestimated. That´s why to me functional design is so important. It´s at the core of software development. To sum this up: Functional design is on a level of abstraction above (!) logical design or algorithmic design. Functional design is only done until you get to a point where each function is so simple you are very confident you can easily code it. Functional design an logical design (which mostly is coding, but can also be done using pseudo code or flow charts) are complementary. Software needs both. If you start coding right away you end up in a tangled mess very quickly. Then you need back out through refactoring. Functional design on the other hand is bloodless without actual code. It´s just a theory with no experiments to prove it. But how to do functional design? An example of functional design Let´s assume a program to de-duplicate strings. The user enters a number of strings separated by commas, e.g. a, b, a, c, d, b, e, c, a. And the program is supposed to clear this list of all doubles, e.g. a, b, c, d, e. There is only one Entry Point to this program: the user triggers the de-duplication by starting the program with the string list on the command line C:\>deduplicate "a, b, a, c, d, b, e, c, a" a, b, c, d, e …or by clicking on a GUI button. This leads to the Entry Point function to get called. It´s the program´s main function in case of the batch version or a button click event handler in the GUI version. That´s the physical Entry Point so to speak. It´s inevitable. What then happens is a three step process: Transform the input data from the user into a request. Call the request handler. Transform the output of the request handler into a tangible result for the user. Or to phrase it a bit more generally: Accept input. Transform input into output. Present output. This does not mean any of these steps requires a lot of effort. Maybe it´s just one line of code to accomplish it. Nevertheless it´s a distinct step in doing the processing behind an Entry Point. Call it an aspect or a responsibility - and you will realize it most likely deserves a function of its own to satisfy the Single Responsibility Principle (SRP). Interestingly the above list of steps is already functional design. There is no logic, but nevertheless the solution is described - albeit on a higher level of abstraction than you might have done yourself. But it´s still on a meta-level. The application to the domain at hand is easy, though: Accept string list from command line De-duplicate Present de-duplicated strings on standard output And this concrete list of processing steps can easily be transformed into code:static void Main(string[] args) { var input = Accept_string_list(args); var output = Deduplicate(input); Present_deduplicated_string_list(output); } Instead of a big problem there are three much smaller problems now. If you think each of those is trivial to implement, then go for it. You can stop the functional design at this point. But maybe, just maybe, you´re not so sure how to go about with the de-duplication for example. Then just implement what´s easy right now, e.g.private static string Accept_string_list(string[] args) { return args[0]; } private static void Present_deduplicated_string_list( string[] output) { var line = string.Join(", ", output); Console.WriteLine(line); } Accept_string_list() contains logic in the form of an API-call. Present_deduplicated_string_list() contains logic in the form of an expression and an API-call. And then repeat the functional design for the remaining processing step. What´s left is the domain logic: de-duplicating a list of strings. How should that be done? Without any logic at our disposal during functional design you´re left with just functions. So which functions could make up the de-duplication? Here´s a suggestion: De-duplicate Parse the input string into a true list of strings. Register each string in a dictionary/map/set. That way duplicates get cast away. Transform the data structure into a list of unique strings. Processing step 2 obviously was the core of the solution. That´s where real creativity was needed. That´s the core of the domain. But now after this refinement the implementation of each step is easy again:private static string[] Parse_string_list(string input) { return input.Split(',') .Select(s => s.Trim()) .ToArray(); } private static Dictionary<string,object> Compile_unique_strings(string[] strings) { return strings.Aggregate( new Dictionary<string, object>(), (agg, s) => { agg[s] = null; return agg; }); } private static string[] Serialize_unique_strings( Dictionary<string,object> dict) { return dict.Keys.ToArray(); } With these three additional functions Main() now looks like this:static void Main(string[] args) { var input = Accept_string_list(args); var strings = Parse_string_list(input); var dict = Compile_unique_strings(strings); var output = Serialize_unique_strings(dict); Present_deduplicated_string_list(output); } I think that´s very understandable code: just read it from top to bottom and you know how the solution to the problem works. It´s a mirror image of the initial design: Accept string list from command line Parse the input string into a true list of strings. Register each string in a dictionary/map/set. That way duplicates get cast away. Transform the data structure into a list of unique strings. Present de-duplicated strings on standard output You can even re-generate the design by just looking at the code. Code and functional design thus are always in sync - if you follow some simple rules. But about that later. And as a bonus: all the functions making up the process are small - which means easy to understand, too. So much for an initial concrete example. Now it´s time for some theory. Because there is method to this madness ;-) The above has only scratched the surface. Introducing Flow Design Functional design starts with a given function, the Entry Point. Its goal is to describe the behavior of the program when the Entry Point is triggered using a process, not an algorithm. An algorithm consists of logic, a process on the other hand consists just of steps or stages. Each processing step transforms input into output or a side effect. Also it might access resources, e.g. a printer, a database, or just memory. Processing steps thus can rely on state of some sort. This is different from Functional Programming, where functions are supposed to not be stateful and not cause side effects.[1] In its simplest form a process can be written as a bullet point list of steps, e.g. Get data from user Output result to user Transform data Parse data Map result for output Such a compilation of steps - possibly on different levels of abstraction - often is the first artifact of functional design. It can be generated by a team in an initial design brainstorming. Next comes ordering the steps. What should happen first, what next etc.? Get data from user Parse data Transform data Map result for output Output result to user That´s great for a start into functional design. It´s better than starting to code right away on a given function using TDD. Please get me right: TDD is a valuable practice. But it can be unnecessarily hard if the scope of a functionn is too large. But how do you know beforehand without investing some thinking? And how to do this thinking in a systematic fashion? My recommendation: For any given function you´re supposed to implement first do a functional design. Then, once you´re confident you know the processing steps - which are pretty small - refine and code them using TDD. You´ll see that´s much, much easier - and leads to cleaner code right away. For more information on this approach I call “Informed TDD” read my book of the same title. Thinking before coding is smart. And writing down the solution as a bunch of functions possibly is the simplest thing you can do, I´d say. It´s more according to the KISS (Keep It Simple, Stupid) principle than returning constants or other trivial stuff TDD development often is started with. So far so good. A simple ordered list of processing steps will do to start with functional design. As shown in the above example such steps can easily be translated into functions. Moving from design to coding thus is simple. However, such a list does not scale. Processing is not always that simple to be captured in a list. And then the list is just text. Again. Like code. That means the design is lacking visuality. Textual representations need more parsing by your brain than visual representations. Plus they are limited in their “dimensionality”: text just has one dimension, it´s sequential. Alternatives and parallelism are hard to encode in text. In addition the functional design using numbered lists lacks data. It´s not visible what´s the input, output, and state of the processing steps. That´s why functional design should be done using a lightweight visual notation. No tool is necessary to draw such designs. Use pen and paper; a flipchart, a whiteboard, or even a napkin is sufficient. Visualizing processes The building block of the functional design notation is a functional unit. I mostly draw it like this: Something is done, it´s clear what goes in, it´s clear what comes out, and it´s clear what the processing step requires in terms of state or hardware. Whenever input flows into a functional unit it gets processed and output is produced and/or a side effect occurs. Flowing data is the driver of something happening. That´s why I call this approach to functional design Flow Design. It´s about data flow instead of control flow. Control flow like in algorithms is of no concern to functional design. Thinking about control flow simply is too low level. Once you start with control flow you easily get bogged down by tons of details. That´s what you want to avoid during design. Design is supposed to be quick, broad brush, abstract. It should give overview. But what about all the details? As Robert C. Martin rightly said: “Programming is abot detail”. Detail is a matter of code. Once you start coding the processing steps you designed you can worry about all the detail you want. Functional design does not eliminate all the nitty gritty. It just postpones tackling them. To me that´s also an example of the SRP. Function design has the responsibility to come up with a solution to a problem posed by a single function (Entry Point). And later coding has the responsibility to implement the solution down to the last detail (i.e. statement, API-call). TDD unfortunately mixes both responsibilities. It´s just coding - and thereby trying to find detailed implementations (green phase) plus getting the design right (refactoring). To me that´s one reason why TDD has failed to deliver on its promise for many developers. Using functional units as building blocks of functional design processes can be depicted very easily. Here´s the initial process for the example problem: For each processing step draw a functional unit and label it. Choose a verb or an “action phrase” as a label, not a noun. Functional design is about activities, not state or structure. Then make the output of an upstream step the input of a downstream step. Finally think about the data that should flow between the functional units. Write the data above the arrows connecting the functional units in the direction of the data flow. Enclose the data description in brackets. That way you can clearly see if all flows have already been specified. Empty brackets mean “no data is flowing”, but nevertheless a signal is sent. A name like “list” or “strings” in brackets describes the data content. Use lower case labels for that purpose. A name starting with an upper case letter like “String” or “Customer” on the other hand signifies a data type. If you like, you also can combine descriptions with data types by separating them with a colon, e.g. (list:string) or (strings:string[]). But these are just suggestions from my practice with Flow Design. You can do it differently, if you like. Just be sure to be consistent. Flows wired-up in this manner I call one-dimensional (1D). Each functional unit just has one input and/or one output. A functional unit without an output is possible. It´s like a black hole sucking up input without producing any output. Instead it produces side effects. A functional unit without an input, though, does make much sense. When should it start to work? What´s the trigger? That´s why in the above process even the first processing step has an input. If you like, view such 1D-flows as pipelines. Data is flowing through them from left to right. But as you can see, it´s not always the same data. It get´s transformed along its passage: (args) becomes a (list) which is turned into (strings). The Principle of Mutual Oblivion A very characteristic trait of flows put together from function units is: no functional units knows another one. They are all completely independent of each other. Functional units don´t know where their input is coming from (or even when it´s gonna arrive). They just specify a range of values they can process. And they promise a certain behavior upon input arriving. Also they don´t know where their output is going. They just produce it in their own time independent of other functional units. That means at least conceptually all functional units work in parallel. Functional units don´t know their “deployment context”. They now nothing about the overall flow they are place in. They are just consuming input from some upstream, and producing output for some downstream. That makes functional units very easy to test. At least as long as they don´t depend on state or resources. I call this the Principle of Mutual Oblivion (PoMO). Functional units are oblivious of others as well as an overall context/purpose. They are just parts of a whole focused on a single responsibility. How the whole is built, how a larger goal is achieved, is of no concern to the single functional units. By building software in such a manner, functional design interestingly follows nature. Nature´s building blocks for organisms also follow the PoMO. The cells forming your body do not know each other. Take a nerve cell “controlling” a muscle cell for example:[2] The nerve cell does not know anything about muscle cells, let alone the specific muscel cell it is “attached to”. Likewise the muscle cell does not know anything about nerve cells, let a lone a specific nerve cell “attached to” it. Saying “the nerve cell is controlling the muscle cell” thus only makes sense when viewing both from the outside. “Control” is a concept of the whole, not of its parts. Control is created by wiring-up parts in a certain way. Both cells are mutually oblivious. Both just follow a contract. One produces Acetylcholine (ACh) as output, the other consumes ACh as input. Where the ACh is going, where it´s coming from neither cell cares about. Million years of evolution have led to this kind of division of labor. And million years of evolution have produced organism designs (DNA) which lead to the production of these different cell types (and many others) and also to their co-location. The result: the overall behavior of an organism. How and why this happened in nature is a mystery. For our software, though, it´s clear: functional and quality requirements needs to be fulfilled. So we as developers have to become “intelligent designers” of “software cells” which we put together to form a “software organism” which responds in satisfying ways to triggers from it´s environment. My bet is: If nature gets complex organisms working by following the PoMO, who are we to not apply this recipe for success to our much simpler “machines”? So my rule is: Wherever there is functionality to be delivered, because there is a clear Entry Point into software, design the functionality like nature would do it. Build it from mutually oblivious functional units. That´s what Flow Design is about. In that way it´s even universal, I´d say. Its notation can also be applied to biology: Never mind labeling the functional units with nouns. That´s ok in Flow Design. You´ll do that occassionally for functional units on a higher level of abstraction or when their purpose is close to hardware. Getting a cockroach to roam your bedroom takes 1,000,000 nerve cells (neurons). Getting the de-duplication program to do its job just takes 5 “software cells” (functional units). Both, though, follow the same basic principle. Translating functional units into code Moving from functional design to code is no rocket science. In fact it´s straightforward. There are two simple rules: Translate an input port to a function. Translate an output port either to a return statement in that function or to a function pointer visible to that function. The simplest translation of a functional unit is a function. That´s what you saw in the above example. Functions are mutually oblivious. That why Functional Programming likes them so much. It makes them composable. Which is the reason, nature works according to the PoMO. Let´s be clear about one thing: There is no dependency injection in nature. For all of an organism´s complexity no DI container is used. Behavior is the result of smooth cooperation between mutually oblivious building blocks. Functions will often be the adequate translation for the functional units in your designs. But not always. Take for example the case, where a processing step should not always produce an output. Maybe the purpose is to filter input. Here the functional unit consumes words and produces words. But it does not pass along every word flowing in. Some words are swallowed. Think of a spell checker. It probably should not check acronyms for correctness. There are too many of them. Or words with no more than two letters. Such words are called “stop words”. In the above picture the optionality of the output is signified by the astrisk outside the brackets. It means: Any number of (word) data items can flow from the functional unit for each input data item. It might be none or one or even more. This I call a stream of data. Such behavior cannot be translated into a function where output is generated with return. Because a function always needs to return a value. So the output port is translated into a function pointer or continuation which gets passed to the subroutine when called:[3]void filter_stop_words( string word, Action<string> onNoStopWord) { if (...check if not a stop word...) onNoStopWord(word); } If you want to be nitpicky you might call such a function pointer parameter an injection. And technically you´re right. Conceptually, though, it´s not an injection. Because the subroutine is not functionally dependent on the continuation. Firstly continuations are procedures, i.e. subroutines without a return type. Remember: Flow Design is about unidirectional data flow. Secondly the name of the formal parameter is chosen in a way as to not assume anything about downstream processing steps. onNoStopWord describes a situation (or event) within the functional unit only. Translating output ports into function pointers helps keeping functional units mutually oblivious in cases where output is optional or produced asynchronically. Either pass the function pointer to the function upon call. Or make it global by putting it on the encompassing class. Then it´s called an event. In C# that´s even an explicit feature.class Filter { public void filter_stop_words( string word) { if (...check if not a stop word...) onNoStopWord(word); } public event Action<string> onNoStopWord; } When to use a continuation and when to use an event dependens on how a functional unit is used in flows and how it´s packed together with others into classes. You´ll see examples further down the Flow Design road. Another example of 1D functional design Let´s see Flow Design once more in action using the visual notation. How about the famous word wrap kata? Robert C. Martin has posted a much cited solution including an extensive reasoning behind his TDD approach. So maybe you want to compare it to Flow Design. The function signature given is:string WordWrap(string text, int maxLineLength) {...} That´s not an Entry Point since we don´t see an application with an environment and users. Nevertheless it´s a function which is supposed to provide a certain functionality. The text passed in has to be reformatted. The input is a single line of arbitrary length consisting of words separated by spaces. The output should consist of one or more lines of a maximum length specified. If a word is longer than a the maximum line length it can be split in multiple parts each fitting in a line. Flow Design Let´s start by brainstorming the process to accomplish the feat of reformatting the text. What´s needed? Words need to be assembled into lines Words need to be extracted from the input text The resulting lines need to be assembled into the output text Words too long to fit in a line need to be split Does sound about right? I guess so. And it shows a kind of priority. Long words are a special case. So maybe there is a hint for an incremental design here. First let´s tackle “average words” (words not longer than a line). Here´s the Flow Design for this increment: The the first three bullet points turned into functional units with explicit data added. As the signature requires a text is transformed into another text. See the input of the first functional unit and the output of the last functional unit. In between no text flows, but words and lines. That´s good to see because thereby the domain is clearly represented in the design. The requirements are talking about words and lines and here they are. But note the asterisk! It´s not outside the brackets but inside. That means it´s not a stream of words or lines, but lists or sequences. For each text a sequence of words is output. For each sequence of words a sequence of lines is produced. The asterisk is used to abstract from the concrete implementation. Like with streams. Whether the list of words gets implemented as an array or an IEnumerable is not important during design. It´s an implementation detail. Does any processing step require further refinement? I don´t think so. They all look pretty “atomic” to me. And if not… I can always backtrack and refine a process step using functional design later once I´ve gained more insight into a sub-problem. Implementation The implementation is straightforward as you can imagine. The processing steps can all be translated into functions. Each can be tested easily and separately. Each has a focused responsibility. And the process flow becomes just a sequence of function calls: Easy to understand. It clearly states how word wrapping works - on a high level of abstraction. And it´s easy to evolve as you´ll see. Flow Design - Increment 2 So far only texts consisting of “average words” are wrapped correctly. Words not fitting in a line will result in lines too long. Wrapping long words is a feature of the requested functionality. Whether it´s there or not makes a difference to the user. To quickly get feedback I decided to first implement a solution without this feature. But now it´s time to add it to deliver the full scope. Fortunately Flow Design automatically leads to code following the Open Closed Principle (OCP). It´s easy to extend it - instead of changing well tested code. How´s that possible? Flow Design allows for extension of functionality by inserting functional units into the flow. That way existing functional units need not be changed. The data flow arrow between functional units is a natural extension point. No need to resort to the Strategy Pattern. No need to think ahead where extions might need to be made in the future. I just “phase in” the remaining processing step: Since neither Extract words nor Reformat know of their environment neither needs to be touched due to the “detour”. The new processing step accepts the output of the existing upstream step and produces data compatible with the existing downstream step. Implementation - Increment 2 A trivial implementation checking the assumption if this works does not do anything to split long words. The input is just passed on: Note how clean WordWrap() stays. The solution is easy to understand. A developer looking at this code sometime in the future, when a new feature needs to be build in, quickly sees how long words are dealt with. Compare this to Robert C. Martin´s solution:[4] How does this solution handle long words? Long words are not even part of the domain language present in the code. At least I need considerable time to understand the approach. Admittedly the Flow Design solution with the full implementation of long word splitting is longer than Robert C. Martin´s. At least it seems. Because his solution does not cover all the “word wrap situations” the Flow Design solution handles. Some lines would need to be added to be on par, I guess. But even then… Is a difference in LOC that important as long as it´s in the same ball park? I value understandability and openness for extension higher than saving on the last line of code. Simplicity is not just less code, it´s also clarity in design. But don´t take my word for it. Try Flow Design on larger problems and compare for yourself. What´s the easier, more straightforward way to clean code? And keep in mind: You ain´t seen all yet ;-) There´s more to Flow Design than described in this chapter. In closing I hope I was able to give you a impression of functional design that makes you hungry for more. To me it´s an inevitable step in software development. Jumping from requirements to code does not scale. And it leads to dirty code all to quickly. Some thought should be invested first. Where there is a clear Entry Point visible, it´s functionality should be designed using data flows. Because with data flows abstraction is possible. For more background on why that´s necessary read my blog article here. For now let me point out to you - if you haven´t already noticed - that Flow Design is a general purpose declarative language. It´s “programming by intention” (Shalloway et al.). Just write down how you think the solution should work on a high level of abstraction. This breaks down a large problem in smaller problems. And by following the PoMO the solutions to those smaller problems are independent of each other. So they are easy to test. Or you could even think about getting them implemented in parallel by different team members. Flow Design not only increases evolvability, but also helps becoming more productive. All team members can participate in functional design. This goes beyon collective code ownership. We´re talking collective design/architecture ownership. Because with Flow Design there is a common visual language to talk about functional design - which is the foundation for all other design activities.   PS: If you like what you read, consider getting my ebook “The Incremental Architekt´s Napkin”. It´s where I compile all the articles in this series for easier reading. I like the strictness of Function Programming - but I also find it quite hard to live by. And it certainly is not what millions of programmers are used to. Also to me it seems, the real world is full of state and side effects. So why give them such a bad image? That´s why functional design takes a more pragmatic approach. State and side effects are ok for processing steps - but be sure to follow the SRP. Don´t put too much of it into a single processing step. ? Image taken from www.physioweb.org ? My code samples are written in C#. C# sports typed function pointers called delegates. Action is such a function pointer type matching functions with signature void someName(T t). Other languages provide similar ways to work with functions as first class citizens - even Java now in version 8. I trust you find a way to map this detail of my translation to your favorite programming language. I know it works for Java, C++, Ruby, JavaScript, Python, Go. And if you´re using a Functional Programming language it´s of course a no brainer. ? Taken from his blog post “The Craftsman 62, The Dark Path”. ?

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  • SQL Server (2012 Enterprise) Browser service failing

    - by Watki02
    SQL Server (2012 Enterprise) Browser service failing I have a problem as described below: I have an instance of SQL Server 2012 Enterprise (thanks to MSDN) for local development on my PC. I try to start SQL server Browser Service from SQL Server Configuration Manager and it takes a long time to fail, then fails with: The request failed or the service did not respond in a timely fashion. Consult the event log or other applicable error logs for details. I checked event logs and found these errors in this order (all within the same 1-second time frame): The SQL Server Browser service port is unavailable for listening, or invalid. The SQL Server Browser service was unable to establish SQL instance and connectivity discovery. The SQL Server Browser is enabling SQL instance and connectivity discovery support. The SQL Server Browser service was unable to establish Analysis Services discovery. The SQL Server Browser service has started. The SQL Server Browser service has shutdown. I checked firewall rules and both port 1433 (TCP) and 1434 (UDP) are wide open, just as well - the programs and service binary had been "allowed through windows firewall". I started the "Analysis Services" service by hand and it works fine. Browser still won't start. Some History: Installed SQL 2008 R2 express advanced Installed SQL2012 Express advanced Uninstalled SQL 2008 R2 express advanced Installed 2012 SSDT and lots of features with Express install Installed a unique instance of SQL 2012 Enterprise with all features Uninstalled SSDT and reinstalled SSDT with Enterprise (solved a different problem) Uninstalled SQL 2012 Express Uninstalled SQL 2012 Enterprise Removed anything with "SQL" in the name from Control panel "Programs and features" Installed SQL 2012 Enterprise without Analysis services (This is where I noticed SQL Browser service was failing to start even on the install) Added the feature of Analysis Services (and everything else) via the installer (Browser continued to fail to start on the install) ======================== Other interesting facts: opening a command window with administrator and trying to run sqlbrowser.exe manually yielded: Microsoft Windows [Version 6.1.7601] Copyright (c) 2009 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. C:\Windows\system32cd C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SQL Server\90\Shared C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SQL Server\90\Sharedsqlbrowser.exe -c SQLBrowser: starting up in console mode SQLBrowser: starting up SSRP redirection service SQLBrowser: failed starting SSRP redirection services -- shutting down. SQLBrowser: starting up OLAP redirection service SQLBrowser: Stopping the OLAP redirector C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SQL Server\90\Shared As I try to repair the install it errors out saying The following error has occurred: Service 'SQLBrowser' start request failed. Click 'Retry' to retry the failed action, or click 'Cancel' to cancel this action and continue setup. For help, click: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink?LinkID=20476&ProdName=Microsoft%20SQL%20Server&EvtSrc=setup.rll&EvtID=50000&ProdVer=11.0.2100.60&EvtType=0x4F9BEA51%25400xD3BEBD98%25401211%25401 Clicking retry fails every time. When clicking cancel I get: The following error has occurred: SQL Server Browser configuration for feature 'SQL_Browser_Redist_SqlBrowser_Cpu32' was cancelled by user after a previous installation failure. The last attempted step: Starting the SQL Server Browser service 'SQLBrowser', and waiting for up to '900' seconds for the process to complete. . For help, click: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink?LinkID=20476&ProdName=Microsoft%20SQL%20Server&EvtSrc=setup.rll&EvtID=50000&ProdVer=11.0.2100.60&EvtType=0x4F9BEA51%25400xD3BEBD98%25401211%25401 When I go to uninstall the SQL Browser from "Programs and Features", it complains: Error opening installation log file. Verify that the specified log file location exists and is writable. Is there any way I can fix this short of re-imaging my computer and reinstalling from scratch? A possible approach would be to somehow really uninstall everything and delete all files related to SQL... is that a good idea, and how do I do that?

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  • TV not detected by Windows/VGA - when there is a WHDI device in the signal chain

    - by ashwalk
    I'm at my wit's end with this one... I had an EVGA GTS 250, and I used to plug it's HDMI out into a WHDI sender, which transmitted to its corresponding WHDI receiver 15ft away, which then connected to a Samsung LN40D LCD TV through another HDMI cable. PC/VGA < [hdmi cable] < WHDI sender <[air] WHDI receiver < [hdmi cable] < TV It was perfect, stable, no perceivable latency. I just plugged everything the first time and it worked instantly. It sent 5.1 audio, and Windows/nVidia Control Center detected the TV by its name. The WHDI device is this one: http://goo.gl/Q8iWI5 Now I bought an EVGA GTX 650, and WHDI doesn't work anymore. Both Windows and nVidia Control Center won't detect the TV, only the monitor that's connected via DVI. The TV screen shows "TX202913 connected. Check video signal." on top of a black screen. Though the device is not the problem itself, just the fact that it's not allowing direct connection between PC and TV. I would bet that if put an AVR in its place I'd also have this issue. The HDMI on this new card works with other monitors. If I put the older card back, WHDI works normally. I have googled this for 5 months on and off. Once I bumped into a page that showed how to force a display device to always-on through registry edit. Once I restarted windows, the Tv (through WHDI) displayed my expanded or duplicated desktop at 1024x768 ONLY, and listed the display as "digital display". I could not change the resolution and it wouldn't playback audio (although the option was available at nVidia Control Center HDMI audio options, but did not work). This proves that there is no conflict between the devices, except that software-wise, Windows cannot, for the life of it, understand that there's a TV there to send video/audio to. Since this won't do (no audio, poor video), I reverted this regedit. It's also not an EDID problem within the TV, since when connected directly it works. The last weird bit of this saga is that today, I reminded of Windows' "Add Device" dialog, gave it a go, and a "Samsung Generic UPNP TV" showed up, which I promptly installed the drives for, rising to a climax of... ...NOTHING HAPPENING. As far as I can tell, it really didn't change anything other than using up a few kb in my main disc. I should also say that I looked a LOT into handshake problems and nothing applied either. Do any of you have an idea of what may be going on? I can't stand the thought of having a us$200 device not working because of the addition of a newer graphics card, when the much older one had no issues. There is absolutely NO REASON for this to happen. There is NO documentation on WHDI online. Apparently no one buys this stuff. For the same reason, no one responded to this same plea for help on NVidia and EVGA forums. Worst case, this can be a warning about this setup for people in the future. Thanx in advance.

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  • Cheapest way to connect 20-24 Sata II HDDs in a budget storage server?

    - by Joe Hopfgartner
    I need to assemble a high density storage server for as cheap as possible. It's been a while for me and the last systems I integrated didn't even have Sata yet... During my Research I of course stumbled about Nexsan SATA Beast, the BackBlaze storage Pods as well as some ridiculously overpriced HP Proliant or Dell storage solutions. Finally I choose Norco cases as the way to go. My eye is set on the RPC-4020, which is a 4U 19" Rackmount case with 20 Hot Swap 3.5" SATA/SAS Hdd trays (Backplanes included) and room for two 2.5" OS drives as well as a Slim Line CD-Rom. The backplanes connect with a single SATA port for each drive, so there are 20 internal SATA ports to to be connected. They also have redundant power ports which I think is quite nice. The cheapest price I have found is 290$ + 40$ shipping. In europe the cheapest unfortunately is 370€ (500$) + 40 € shipping... A nice alternative would be the RPC-4224 which has SFF-8087 Mini SAS connectors that bundle 4 SATA trays each. But it doesn't seem to be available in Europe (where i am) anywhere. So here comes my problem: What Mainboard/Controller to choose to connect them for as cheap as possible while still having nice data rates? I have to say that the server is intended as a Storage server with 1gps connectivity and the data transfer will be distributed very evenly across all drives. I also don't require any raid functionality. This is all done at application level, I just need JBOD. So for example if I go for the RPC 4020 Model I need to connect 20 Storage + 1 OS + 1 CDROM Sata ports. I searched a bit and stumbled across this very low priced controller: http://www.intel.com/products/server/raid-controllers/SASWT4I/SASWT4I-overview.htm They sell it for 115 € here and the specs say it can control up to 122 hard discs and has 4 Mini SAS connectors. So I would use 4 Mini SAS 36pin - 4 SATA 7pin cables to connect 4 SATA drives to each port and choose a Mainboard taht has 6 SATA on board (for example this one) and hurray, I can connect my 22 SATA devices for as low as about ~ 220 EUR (cpu, ram, psu, case not counted) Question: WOULD THAT WORK? And if not, why? 2nd Question: If I go for the 4220 or 4224 Model, I have internal Mini SAS connectors. Am I right in assuming that the backplane than acts as a "SAS Expander"? And can I just plug these SAS connectors into any SAS port I can find on my controller / mainboard or are there certain requirements? I know that SATA port multipliers only work with controllers that are ready for that. But isn't this expansion already implemented in the SAS standard? I am sorry that this is a very broad question, but I really spent the last week reading up and it seems to be not so clear! Especially all the controlling hardware specifications! 3rd Question: A lot of hardware specs feature "internal channels" and "internal connectors". The connecors are the physical numbers of places where I can plug a cable in. I got that. But are the "internal channels" always the maximum numbers of physical drives that can be used in the end? Or can I enhance this further by Expanders/Fanouts? 4th and last question: What do you think about the setup so far? Do you know any good alternatives? Maby I am completely going the wrong way and some DAS would be way better? Are there any comparable chassis available in europe? Please feel free to say whatever you think is relevant to the subject!

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