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• Python - wxPython What's wrong?

  - by Wallter

  I am trying to write a simple custom button in wx.Python. My code is as follows,(As a side note: I am relatively new to python having come from C++ and C# any help on syntax and function of the code would be great! - knowing that, it could be a simple error. thanks!) Error Traceback (most recent call last): File "D:\Documents\Python2\Button\src\Custom_Button.py", line 10, in <module> class Custom_Button(wx.PyControl): File "D:\Documents\Python2\Button\src\Custom_Button.py", line 13, in Custom_Button Mouse_over_bmp = wx.Bitmap(0) # When the mouse is over File "C:\Python26\lib\site-packages\wx-2.8-msw-unicode\wx\_gdi.py", line 561, in __init__ _gdi_.Bitmap_swiginit(self,_gdi_.new_Bitmap(*args, **kwargs)) TypeError: String or Unicode type required Main.py class MyFrame(wx.Frame): def __init__(self, parent, ID, title): wxFrame.__init__(self, parent, ID, title, wxDefaultPosition, wxSize(400, 400)) self.CreateStatusBar() self.SetStatusText("Program testing custom button overlays") menu = wxMenu() menu.Append(ID_ABOUT, "&About", "More information about this program") menu.AppendSeparator() menu.Append(ID_EXIT, "E&xit", "Terminate the program") menuBar = wxMenuBar() menuBar.Append(menu, "&File"); self.SetMenuBar(menuBar) self.Button1 = Custom_Button(self, parent, -1, "D:/Documents/Python/Normal.bmp", "D:/Documents/Python/Clicked.bmp", "D:/Documents/Python/Over.bmp", "None", wx.Point(200,200), wx.Size(300,100)) EVT_MENU(self, ID_ABOUT, self.OnAbout) EVT_MENU(self, ID_EXIT, self.TimeToQuit) def OnAbout(self, event): dlg = wxMessageDialog(self, "Testing the functions of custom " "buttons using pyDev and wxPython", "About", wxOK | wxICON_INFORMATION) dlg.ShowModal() dlg.Destroy() def TimeToQuit(self, event): self.Close(true) class MyApp(wx.App): def OnInit(self): frame = MyFrame(NULL, -1, "wxPython | Buttons") frame.Show(true) self.SetTopWindow(frame) return true app = MyApp(0) app.MainLoop() Custom Button import wx from wxPython.wx import * class Custom_Button(wx.PyControl): ############################################ ##THE ERROR IS BEING THROWN SOME WHERE IN HERE ## ############################################ # The BMP's Mouse_over_bmp = wx.Bitmap(0) # When the mouse is over Norm_bmp = wx.Bitmap(0) # The normal BMP Push_bmp = wx.Bitmap(0) # The down BMP Pos_bmp = wx.Point(0,0) # The posisition of the button def __init__(self, parent, NORM_BMP, PUSH_BMP, MOUSE_OVER_BMP, pos, size, text="", id=-1, **kwargs): wx.PyControl.__init__(self,parent, id, **kwargs) # Set the BMP's to the ones given in the constructor self.Mouse_over_bmp = wx.Bitmap(MOUSE_OVER_BMP) self.Norm_bmp = wx.Bitmap(NORM_BMP) self.Push_bmp = wx.Bitmap(PUSH_BMP) self.Pos_bmp = pos ############################################ ##THE ERROR IS BEING THROWN SOME WHERE IN HERE ## ############################################ self.Bind(wx.EVT_LEFT_DOWN, self._onMouseDown) self.Bind(wx.EVT_LEFT_UP, self._onMouseUp) self.Bind(wx.EVT_LEAVE_WINDOW, self._onMouseLeave) self.Bind(wx.EVT_ENTER_WINDOW, self._onMouseEnter) self.Bind(wx.EVT_ERASE_BACKGROUND,self._onEraseBackground) self.Bind(wx.EVT_PAINT,self._onPaint) self._mouseIn = self._mouseDown = False def _onMouseEnter(self, event): self._mouseIn = True def _onMouseLeave(self, event): self._mouseIn = False def _onMouseDown(self, event): self._mouseDown = True def _onMouseUp(self, event): self._mouseDown = False self.sendButtonEvent() def sendButtonEvent(self): event = wx.CommandEvent(wx.wxEVT_COMMAND_BUTTON_CLICKED, self.GetId()) event.SetInt(0) event.SetEventObject(self) self.GetEventHandler().ProcessEvent(event) def _onEraseBackground(self,event): # reduce flicker pass def _onPaint(self, event): dc = wx.BufferedPaintDC(self) dc.SetFont(self.GetFont()) dc.SetBackground(wx.Brush(self.GetBackgroundColour())) dc.Clear() dc.DrawBitmap(self.Norm_bmp) # draw whatever you want to draw # draw glossy bitmaps e.g. dc.DrawBitmap if self._mouseIn: # If the Mouse is over the button dc.DrawBitmap(self, self.Mouse_over_bmp, self.Pos_bmp, useMask=False) if self._mouseDown: # If the Mouse clicks the button dc.DrawBitmap(self, self.Push_bmp, self.Pos_bmp, useMask=False)

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• HowTo stick QDialog to Screen Borders like Skype do?

  - by mosg

  Hello. A long time ago I tried to find method how to stick QDialog window to screen borders for my small projects like Skype windows do it, but I failed. May be I was looking this code not in the right place, so now I'm looking the solution here, on stack! :) So, does any one have a deal with some kind of such code, links, samples? In my opinion, we have to reimplement QDialog moveEvent function, like below, but that code does not working: void CDialog::moveEvent(QMoveEvent * event) { QRect wndRect; int leftTaskbar = 0, rightTaskbar = 0, topTaskbar = 0, bottomTaskbar = 0; // int top = 0, left = 0, right = 0, bottom = 0; wndRect = this->frameGeometry(); // Screen resolution int screenWidth = QApplication::desktop()->width(); int screenHeight = QApplication::desktop()->height(); int wndWidth = wndRect.right() - wndRect.left(); int wndHeight = wndRect.bottom() - wndRect.top(); int posX = event->pos().x(); int posY = event->pos().y(); // Snap to screen border // Left border if (posX >= -m_nXOffset + leftTaskbar && posX <= leftTaskbar + m_nXOffset) { //left = leftTaskbar; this->move(leftTaskbar, posY); return; } // Top border if (posY >= -m_nYOffset && posY <= topTaskbar + m_nYOffset) { //top = topTaskbar; this->move(posX, topTaskbar); return; } // Right border if (posX + wndWidth <= screenWidth - rightTaskbar + m_nXOffset && posX + wndWidth >= screenWidth - rightTaskbar - m_nXOffset) { //right = screenWidth - rightTaskbar - wndWidth; this->move(screenWidth - rightTaskbar - wndWidth, posY); return; } // Bottom border if (posY + wndHeight <= screenHeight - bottomTaskbar + m_nYOffset && posY + wndHeight >= screenHeight - bottomTaskbar - m_nYOffset) { //bottom = screenHeight - bottomTaskbar - wndHeight; this->move(posX, screenHeight - bottomTaskbar - wndHeight); return; } QDialog::moveEvent(event); } Thanks.

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• Python - Polymorphism in wxPython, What's wrong?

  - by Wallter

  I am trying to wright a simple custom button in wx.Python. My code is as follows, an error is thrown on line 19 of my "Custom_Button.py" - What is going on? I can find no help online for this error and have a suspicion that it has to do with the Polymorphism. (As a side note: I am relatively new to python having come from C++ and C# any help on syntax and function of the code would be great! - knowing that, it could be a simple error. thanks!) Error def __init__(self, parent, id=-1, NORM_BMP, PUSH_BMP, MOUSE_OVER_BMP, **kwargs): SyntaxError: non-default argument follows default argument Main.py class MyFrame(wx.Frame): def __init__(self, parent, ID, title): wxFrame.__init__(self, parent, ID, title, wxDefaultPosition, wxSize(400, 400)) self.CreateStatusBar() self.SetStatusText("Program testing custom button overlays") menu = wxMenu() menu.Append(ID_ABOUT, "&About", "More information about this program") menu.AppendSeparator() menu.Append(ID_EXIT, "E&xit", "Terminate the program") menuBar = wxMenuBar() menuBar.Append(menu, "&File"); self.SetMenuBar(menuBar) self.Button1 = Custom_Button(self, parent, -1, "D:/Documents/Python/Normal.bmp", "D:/Documents/Python/Clicked.bmp", "D:/Documents/Python/Over.bmp", "None", wx.Point(200,200), wx.Size(300,100)) EVT_MENU(self, ID_ABOUT, self.OnAbout) EVT_MENU(self, ID_EXIT, self.TimeToQuit) def OnAbout(self, event): dlg = wxMessageDialog(self, "Testing the functions of custom " "buttons using pyDev and wxPython", "About", wxOK | wxICON_INFORMATION) dlg.ShowModal() dlg.Destroy() def TimeToQuit(self, event): self.Close(true) class MyApp(wx.App): def OnInit(self): frame = MyFrame(NULL, -1, "wxPython | Buttons") frame.Show(true) self.SetTopWindow(frame) return true app = MyApp(0) app.MainLoop() Custom Button import wx from wxPython.wx import * class Custom_Button(wx.PyControl): ############################################ ##THE ERROR IS BEING THROWN SOME WHERE IN HERE ## ############################################ # The BMP's Mouse_over_bmp = wx.Bitmap(0) # When the mouse is over Norm_bmp = wx.Bitmap(0) # The normal BMP Push_bmp = wx.Bitmap(0) # The down BMP Pos_bmp = wx.Point(0,0) # The posisition of the button def __init__(self, parent, id=-1, NORM_BMP, PUSH_BMP, MOUSE_OVER_BMP, text="", pos, size, **kwargs): wx.PyControl.__init__(self,parent, id, **kwargs) # Set the BMP's to the ones given in the constructor self.Mouse_over_bmp = wx.Bitmap(MOUSE_OVER_BMP) self.Norm_bmp = wx.Bitmap(NORM_BMP) self.Push_bmp = wx.Bitmap(PUSH_BMP) self.Pos_bmp = pos ############################################ ##THE ERROR IS BEING THROWN SOME WHERE IN HERE ## ############################################ self.Bind(wx.EVT_LEFT_DOWN, self._onMouseDown) self.Bind(wx.EVT_LEFT_UP, self._onMouseUp) self.Bind(wx.EVT_LEAVE_WINDOW, self._onMouseLeave) self.Bind(wx.EVT_ENTER_WINDOW, self._onMouseEnter) self.Bind(wx.EVT_ERASE_BACKGROUND,self._onEraseBackground) self.Bind(wx.EVT_PAINT,self._onPaint) self._mouseIn = self._mouseDown = False def _onMouseEnter(self, event): self._mouseIn = True def _onMouseLeave(self, event): self._mouseIn = False def _onMouseDown(self, event): self._mouseDown = True def _onMouseUp(self, event): self._mouseDown = False self.sendButtonEvent() def sendButtonEvent(self): event = wx.CommandEvent(wx.wxEVT_COMMAND_BUTTON_CLICKED, self.GetId()) event.SetInt(0) event.SetEventObject(self) self.GetEventHandler().ProcessEvent(event) def _onEraseBackground(self,event): # reduce flicker pass def _onPaint(self, event): dc = wx.BufferedPaintDC(self) dc.SetFont(self.GetFont()) dc.SetBackground(wx.Brush(self.GetBackgroundColour())) dc.Clear() dc.DrawBitmap(self.Norm_bmp) # draw whatever you want to draw # draw glossy bitmaps e.g. dc.DrawBitmap if self._mouseIn: # If the Mouse is over the button dc.DrawBitmap(self, self.Mouse_over_bmp, self.Pos_bmp, useMask=False) if self._mouseDown: # If the Mouse clicks the button dc.DrawBitmap(self, self.Push_bmp, self.Pos_bmp, useMask=False)

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• SQL Server query replace for MySQL Instruction

  - by pojomx

  Hi, I'm new to SQL Server, and used mysql for a while now... SELECT A.acol, IF(A.acol<0,"Neg","Pos") as Column2 From Table I want to do something like that on SQL Server, but there doesn't exist the IF instruction. How do I replace that if, in a SQL Server 2008 Query?

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• ggplot2 pdf import in Adobe Illustrator missing font AdobePiStd

  - by Sander

  I created several simple ggplot2 plots and saved them to PDF files using the following commands: p <- ggplot(plotobject, aes(x=Pos, y=Pval),res=300) ggsave(plot=p,height=6,width=6,dpi=200, filename="~/example.pdf") If I now open this example.pdf in Adobe Illustrator I get the following error: The font AdobePiStd is missing. Affected text will be displayed using a substitute font. Is there a way in ggplot2 to specify a font (I presume this is for the dots/points) that Adobe will understand or otherwise is there a way to get this font working in Adobe?

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• Determining credit/debit card type

  - by ct2k7

  Hi, I'm writing a POS application for the iPhone/iPod combination, using the same exact hardware used in Apple Stores:: EasyPay. Ok, my hurdle is this: how do I identify which credit card type is being used as text is entered in the uitextfield? I assume I've to use textField:shouldChangeCharactersInRange:replacementString:? However, I've got ideas floating around, but I simple cannot put them together to form code :/ Any help is appreciated! Thanks in advanced :D

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• Azure Diagnostics wrt Custom Logs and honoring scheduledTransferPeriod

  - by kjsteuer

  I have implemented my own TraceListener similar to http://blogs.technet.com/b/meamcs/archive/2013/05/23/diagnostics-of-cloud-services-custom-trace-listener.aspx . One thing I noticed is that that logs show up immediately in My Azure Table Storage. I wonder if this is expected with Custom Trace Listeners or because I am in a development environment. My diagnosics.wadcfg <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <DiagnosticMonitorConfiguration configurationChangePollInterval="PT1M""overallQuotaInMB="4096" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/ServiceHosting/2010/10/DiagnosticsConfiguration"> <DiagnosticInfrastructureLogs scheduledTransferLogLevelFilter="Information" /> <Directories scheduledTransferPeriod="PT1M"> <IISLogs container="wad-iis-logfiles" /> <CrashDumps container="wad-crash-dumps" /> </Directories> <Logs bufferQuotaInMB="0" scheduledTransferPeriod="PT30M" scheduledTransferLogLevelFilter="Information" /> </DiagnosticMonitorConfiguration> I have changed my approach a bit. Now I am defining in the web config of my webrole. I notice when I set autoflush to true in the webconfig, every thing works but scheduledTransferPeriod is not honored because the flush method pushes to the table storage. I would like to have scheduleTransferPeriod trigger the flush or trigger flush after a certain number of log entries like the buffer is full. Then I can also flush on server shutdown. Is there any method or event on the CustomTraceListener where I can listen to the scheduleTransferPeriod? <system.diagnostics> <!--http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/sk36c28t(v=vs.110).aspx By default autoflush is false. By default useGlobalLock is true. While we try to be threadsafe, we keep this default for now. Later if we would like to increase performance we can remove this. see http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.diagnostics.trace.usegloballock(v=vs.110).aspx --> <trace> <listeners> <add name="TableTraceListener" type="Pos.Services.Implementation.TableTraceListener, Pos.Services.Implementation" /> <remove name="Default" /> </listeners> </trace> </system.diagnostics> I have modified the custom trace listener to the following: namespace Pos.Services.Implementation { class TableTraceListener : TraceListener { #region Fields //connection string for azure storage readonly string _connectionString; //Custom sql storage table for logs. //TODO put in config readonly string _diagnosticsTable; [ThreadStatic] static StringBuilder _messageBuffer; readonly object _initializationSection = new object(); bool _isInitialized; CloudTableClient _tableStorage; readonly object _traceLogAccess = new object(); readonly List<LogEntry> _traceLog = new List<LogEntry>(); #endregion #region Constructors public TableTraceListener() : base("TableTraceListener") { _connectionString = RoleEnvironment.GetConfigurationSettingValue("DiagConnection"); _diagnosticsTable = RoleEnvironment.GetConfigurationSettingValue("DiagTableName"); } #endregion #region Methods /// <summary> /// Flushes the entries to the storage table /// </summary> public override void Flush() { if (!_isInitialized) { lock (_initializationSection) { if (!_isInitialized) { Initialize(); } } } var context = _tableStorage.GetTableServiceContext(); context.MergeOption = MergeOption.AppendOnly; lock (_traceLogAccess) { _traceLog.ForEach(entry => context.AddObject(_diagnosticsTable, entry)); _traceLog.Clear(); } if (context.Entities.Count > 0) { context.BeginSaveChangesWithRetries(SaveChangesOptions.None, (ar) => context.EndSaveChangesWithRetries(ar), null); } } /// <summary> /// Creates the storage table object. This class does not need to be locked because the caller is locked. /// </summary> private void Initialize() { var account = CloudStorageAccount.Parse(_connectionString); _tableStorage = account.CreateCloudTableClient(); _tableStorage.GetTableReference(_diagnosticsTable).CreateIfNotExists(); _isInitialized = true; } public override bool IsThreadSafe { get { return true; } } #region Trace and Write Methods /// <summary> /// Writes the message to a string buffer /// </summary> /// <param name="message">the Message</param> public override void Write(string message) { if (_messageBuffer == null) _messageBuffer = new StringBuilder(); _messageBuffer.Append(message); } /// <summary> /// Writes the message with a line breaker to a string buffer /// </summary> /// <param name="message"></param> public override void WriteLine(string message) { if (_messageBuffer == null) _messageBuffer = new StringBuilder(); _messageBuffer.AppendLine(message); } /// <summary> /// Appends the trace information and message /// </summary> /// <param name="eventCache">the Event Cache</param> /// <param name="source">the Source</param> /// <param name="eventType">the Event Type</param> /// <param name="id">the Id</param> /// <param name="message">the Message</param> public override void TraceEvent(TraceEventCache eventCache, string source, TraceEventType eventType, int id, string message) { base.TraceEvent(eventCache, source, eventType, id, message); AppendEntry(id, eventType, eventCache); } /// <summary> /// Adds the trace information to a collection of LogEntry objects /// </summary> /// <param name="id">the Id</param> /// <param name="eventType">the Event Type</param> /// <param name="eventCache">the EventCache</param> private void AppendEntry(int id, TraceEventType eventType, TraceEventCache eventCache) { if (_messageBuffer == null) _messageBuffer = new StringBuilder(); var message = _messageBuffer.ToString(); _messageBuffer.Length = 0; if (message.EndsWith(Environment.NewLine)) message = message.Substring(0, message.Length - Environment.NewLine.Length); if (message.Length == 0) return; var entry = new LogEntry() { PartitionKey = string.Format("{0:D10}", eventCache.Timestamp >> 30), RowKey = string.Format("{0:D19}", eventCache.Timestamp), EventTickCount = eventCache.Timestamp, Level = (int)eventType, EventId = id, Pid = eventCache.ProcessId, Tid = eventCache.ThreadId, Message = message }; lock (_traceLogAccess) _traceLog.Add(entry); } #endregion #endregion } }

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• JPA 2.0 @OrderColumn annotation in Hibernate 3.5

  - by peperg

  I'm trynig to use @OrderColumn annotation with Hibernate 3.5 @OneToMany(mappedBy = "parent",fetch=FetchType.EAGER, cascade=CascadeType.ALL) @OrderColumn(name = "pos") private List<Children> childrenCollection; When retrieving data everyting works fine. But I can't make it to reorded elements in List and save new order to database.

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• How to move a kinect skeleton to another position

  - by Ewerton

  I am working on a extension method to move one skeleton to a desired position in the kinect field os view. My code receives a skeleton to be moved and the destiny position, i calculate the distance between the received skeleton hip center and the destiny position to find how much to move, then a iterate in the joint applying this factor. My code, actualy looks like this. public static Skeleton MoveTo(this Skeleton skToBeMoved, Vector4 destiny) { Joint newJoint = new Joint(); ///Based on the HipCenter (i dont know if it is reliable, seems it is.) float howMuchMoveToX = Math.Abs(skToBeMoved.Joints[JointType.HipCenter].Position.X - destiny.X); float howMuchMoveToY = Math.Abs(skToBeMoved.Joints[JointType.HipCenter].Position.Y - destiny.Y); float howMuchMoveToZ = Math.Abs(skToBeMoved.Joints[JointType.HipCenter].Position.Z - destiny.Z); float howMuchToMultiply = 1; // Iterate in the 20 Joints foreach (JointType item in Enum.GetValues(typeof(JointType))) { newJoint = skToBeMoved.Joints[item]; // This adjust, try to keeps the skToBeMoved in the desired position if (newJoint.Position.X < 0) howMuchToMultiply = 1; // if the point is in a negative position, carry it to a "more positive" position else howMuchToMultiply = -1; // if the point is in a positive position, carry it to a "more negative" position // applying the new values to the joint SkeletonPoint pos = new SkeletonPoint() { X = newJoint.Position.X + (howMuchMoveToX * howMuchToMultiply), Y = newJoint.Position.Y, // * (float)whatToMultiplyY, Z = newJoint.Position.Z, // * (float)whatToMultiplyZ }; newJoint.Position = pos; skToBeMoved.Joints[item] = newJoint; //if (skToBeMoved.Joints[JointType.HipCenter].Position.X < 0) //{ // if (item == JointType.HandLeft) // { // if (skToBeMoved.Joints[item].Position.X > 0) // { // } // } //} } return skToBeMoved; } Actualy, only X position is considered. Now, THE PROBLEM: If i stand in a negative position, and move my hand to a positive position, a have a strange behavior, look this image To reproduce this behaviour you could use this code using (SkeletonFrame frame = e.OpenSkeletonFrame()) { if (frame == null) return new Skeleton(); if (skeletons == null || skeletons.Length != frame.SkeletonArrayLength) { skeletons = new Skeleton[frame.SkeletonArrayLength]; } frame.CopySkeletonDataTo(skeletons); Skeleton skeletonToTest = skeletons.Where(s => s.TrackingState == SkeletonTrackingState.Tracked).FirstOrDefault(); Vector4 newPosition = new Vector4(); newPosition.X = -0.03412333f; newPosition.Y = 0.0407479f; newPosition.Z = 1.927342f; newPosition.W = 0; // ignored skeletonToTest.MoveTo(newPosition); } I know, this is simple math, but i cant figure it out why this is happen. Any help will be apreciated.

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• Joda Time cannot subtract one hour

  - by Leoa

  In my android program, I have a spinner that allows the user to select different times. Each selection is processed with Joda time to subtract the minutes. It works fine for minutes 0 to 59 and 61 and greater. However, when 60 minutes is subtracted, the time is not updated, and the original time is shown. How do I get Joda time to subtract 60 minutes? Spinner: public class MyOnItemSelectedListener implements OnItemSelectedListener { public void onItemSelected(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int pos, long id1) { String mins = parent.getItemAtPosition(pos).toString(); int intmins=0; // process user's selection of alert time if(mins.equals("5 minutes")){intmins = 5;} if(mins.equals("10 minutes")){intmins = 10;} if(mins.equals("20 minutes")){intmins = 20;} if(mins.equals("30 minutes")){intmins = 30;} if(mins.equals("40 minutes")){intmins = 40;} if(mins.equals("50 minutes")){intmins = 50;} if(mins.equals("60 minutes")){intmins = 60;} if(mins.equals("120 minutes")){intmins = 120;} String stringMinutes=""+intmins; setAlarm(intmins, stringMinutes); } else { } public void onNothingSelected(AdapterView parent) { mLocationDisplay.setText(" " + location); } } public void setAlarm(int intmins, String mins) { // based alarm time on start time of event. TODO get info from database. String currentDate; SimpleDateFormat myFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("MM/dd/yyyy HH:mm:ss"); Date date1 = null; DateTime dt; currentDate = eventdate + " " + startTimeMilitary;// startTimeMilitary; try { date1 = myFormat.parse(currentDate); } catch (ParseException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } dt = new DateTime(date1); long dateInMillis = dt.getMillis(); String sDateInMillis = Long.toString(dateInMillis); // subtract the selected time from the event's start time String newAlertTime = subtractTime(dt, intmins); newAlertTime = subtractTime(dt, intmins); //......}

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• On screen orientation loads again data with Async Task

  - by Zookey

  I make Android application with master/detail pattern. So I have ListActivity class which is FragmentActivity and ListFragment class which is Fragment It all works perfect, but when I change screen orientation it calls again AsyncTask and reload all data. Here is the code for ListActivity class where I handle all logic: @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_list); getActionBar().setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(true); getActionBar().setHomeButtonEnabled(true); getActionBar().setTitle("Dnevni horoskop"); if(findViewById(R.id.details_container) != null){ //Tablet mTwoPane = true; //Fragment stuff FragmentManager fm = getSupportFragmentManager(); FragmentTransaction ft = fm.beginTransaction(); DetailsFragment df = new DetailsFragment(); ft.add(R.id.details_container, df); ft.commit(); } pb = (ProgressBar) findViewById(R.id.pb_list); tvNoConnection = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_no_internet); ivNoConnection = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.iv_no_connection); list = (GridView) findViewById(R.id.gv_list); if(mTwoPane == true){ list.setNumColumns(1); //list.setPadding(16,16,16,16); } adapter = new CustomListAdapter(); list.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() { @Override public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> arg0, View arg1, int position, long arg3) { pos = position; if(mTwoPane == false){ Bundle bundle = new Bundle(); bundle.putSerializable("zodiac", zodiacFeed); Intent i = new Intent(getApplicationContext(), DetailsActivity.class); i.putExtra("position", position); i.putExtras(bundle); startActivity(i); overridePendingTransition(R.anim.right_in, R.anim.right_out); } else if(mTwoPane == true){ DetailsFragment fragment = (DetailsFragment) getSupportFragmentManager().findFragmentById(R.id.details_container); fragment.setHoroscopeText(zodiacFeed.getItem(position).getText()); fragment.setLargeImage(zodiacFeed.getItem(position).getLargeImage()); fragment.setSign("Dnevni horoskop - "+zodiacFeed.getItem(position).getName()); fragment.setSignDuration(zodiacFeed.getItem(position).getDuration()); // inflate menu from xml /*if(menu != null){ MenuItem item = menu.findItem(R.id.share); Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), item.getTitle().toString(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); }*/ } } }); if(!Utils.isConnected(getApplicationContext())){ pb.setVisibility(View.GONE); tvNoConnection.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE); ivNoConnection.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE); } //Calling AsyncTask to load data Log.d("TAG", "loading"); HoroscopeAsyncTask task = new HoroscopeAsyncTask(pb); task.execute(); } @Override public void onConfigurationChanged(Configuration newConfig) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub super.onConfigurationChanged(newConfig); } class CustomListAdapter extends BaseAdapter { private LayoutInflater layoutInflater; public CustomListAdapter() { layoutInflater = (LayoutInflater) getBaseContext().getSystemService( Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE); } public int getCount() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub // Set the total list item count return names.length; } public Object getItem(int arg0) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return null; } public long getItemId(int arg0) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return 0; } public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) { // Inflate the item layout and set the views View listItem = convertView; int pos = position; zodiacItem = zodiacList.get(pos); if (listItem == null && mTwoPane == false) { listItem = layoutInflater.inflate(R.layout.list_item, null); } else if(mTwoPane == true){ listItem = layoutInflater.inflate(R.layout.tablet_list_item, null); } // Initialize the views in the layout ImageView iv = (ImageView) listItem.findViewById(R.id.iv_horoscope); iv.setScaleType(ScaleType.CENTER_CROP); TextView tvName = (TextView) listItem.findViewById(R.id.tv_zodiac_name); TextView tvDuration = (TextView) listItem.findViewById(R.id.tv_duration); iv.setImageResource(zodiacItem.getImage()); tvName.setText(zodiacItem.getName()); tvDuration.setText(zodiacItem.getDuration()); Animation animation = AnimationUtils.loadAnimation(getBaseContext(), R.anim.push_up); listItem.startAnimation(animation); animation = null; return listItem; } } private void getHoroscope() { String urlString = "http://balkanandroid.com/download/horoskop/examples/dnevnihoroskop.php"; try { HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient(); HttpPost post = new HttpPost(urlString); HttpResponse response = client.execute(post); resEntity = response.getEntity(); response_str = EntityUtils.toString(resEntity); if (resEntity != null) { Log.i("RESPONSE", response_str); runOnUiThread(new Runnable() { public void run() { try { Log.d("TAG", "Response from server : n " + response_str); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }); } } catch (Exception ex) { Log.e("TAG", "error: " + ex.getMessage(), ex); } } private class HoroscopeAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<String, Void, Void> { public HoroscopeAsyncTask(ProgressBar pb1){ pb = pb1; } @Override protected void onPreExecute() { pb.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE); super.onPreExecute(); } @Override protected Void doInBackground(String... params) { getHoroscope(); try { Log.d("TAG", "test u try"); JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject(response_str); JSONArray jsonArray = jsonObject.getJSONArray("horoscope"); for(int i=0;i<jsonArray.length();i++){ Log.d("TAG", "test u for"); JSONObject horoscopeObj = jsonArray.getJSONObject(i); String horoscopeSign = horoscopeObj.getString("name_sign"); String horoscopeText = horoscopeObj.getString("txt_hrs"); zodiacItem = new ZodiacItem(horoscopeSign, horoscopeText, duration[i], images[i], largeImages[i]); zodiacList.add(zodiacItem); zodiacFeed.addItem(zodiacItem); //Treba u POJO klasu ubaciti sve. Log.d("TAG", "ZNAK: "+zodiacItem.getName()+" HOROSKOP: "+zodiacItem.getText()); } } catch (JSONException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); Log.e("TAG", "error: " + e.getMessage(), e); } return null; } @Override protected void onPostExecute(Void result) { pb.setVisibility(View.GONE); list.setAdapter(adapter); adapter.notifyDataSetChanged(); super.onPostExecute(result); } } Here is the code for ListFragment class: public class ListFragment extends Fragment { @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub // Retain this fragment across configuration changes. setRetainInstance(true); super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); } @Override public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_list, container, false); return view; } }

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• GLSL: How to get pixel x,y,z world position?

  - by Rookie

  I want to adjust the colors depending on which xyz position they are in the world. I tried this in my fragment shader: vec4 pos = vec4(gl_FragCoord); // get pixel position but it seems that the z-coord is always towards my camera... how do i make the coords independent from my camera position/angle? Edit: if it matters, heres my vertex shader: gl_Position = ftransform(); Edit2: changed title, so i want world coords, not screen coords!

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• mysql IN parameter

  - by proyb2

  When the user check more than one (checkbox) option which are then combine into a string of "apple,orange,pear" SELECT id, pos, FROM $db WHERE dtime>='$now' AND jsub IN ('$arr[1]') ; When I pass the string to $arr[1], it won't work correctly, how do I split into array and get mysql IN function to process correctly?

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• Ajax call not working...

  - by Probocop

  Hi, I have a form that submits to a PHP script with Jquery and Ajax. The PHP script returns some XML. For some reason the Ajax success function is not firing, and the error ones is. Can anybody see where I'm going wrong? My Jquery is as follows $('#submit-excuse').submit(function (event) { event.preventDefault(); ws_url = 'http://jacamo.epiphanydev2.co.uk/content/inc/excuse-submit.php?excuse='+$('input#excuse').val(); $.ajax({ type: 'GET', url: ws_url, dataType: "xml", beforeSend: function() { $('p#response').text('Sending.'); }, success: function(xmlIn) { results = xmlIn.getElementsByTagName("ReportID"); }, error: function() { $('p#response').text('Error.'); } }); }); And my PHP script is as follows: $excuse = $_GET['excuse']; $badwords = array ( 'one', 'two', 'three', 'four', 'five' ); if ($excuse == '') { $error = 'enter something'; } else { foreach ($badwords as $word) { $pos = strpos($excuse, $word); if($pos !== false) { $passed = false; } } if ($passed !== false) { $username = 'xxxxx'; $password = 'xxxxx'; $message = $excuse; $url = 'http://twitter.com/statuses/update.xml'; $curl_handle = curl_init(); curl_setopt($curl_handle, CURLOPT_URL, "$url"); curl_setopt($curl_handle, CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT, 2); curl_setopt($curl_handle, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1); curl_setopt($curl_handle, CURLOPT_POST, 1); curl_setopt($curl_handle, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, "status=$message"); curl_setopt($curl_handle, CURLOPT_USERPWD, "$username:$password"); $buffer = curl_exec($curl_handle); curl_close($curl_handle); $passed = 'yes'; } echo "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>\n"; echo "\t<result>\n"; echo "\t\t<passed>" . $passed . "</passed>\n"; echo "\t</result>"; } Thanks

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• c# Unable to open file for reading

  - by Maks

  I'm writing a program that uses FileSystemWatcher to monitor changes to a given directory, and when it recieves OnCreated or OnChanged event, it copies those created/changed files to a specified directorie(s). At first I had problems with the fact that OnChanged/OnCreated events can be sent twice (not acceptable in case it needed to process 500MB file) but I made a way around this and with what I'm REALLY STUCKED with is getting the following IOException: The process cannot access the file 'C:\Where are Photos\bookmarks (11).html' because it is being used by another process. Thus, preventing the program from copying all the files it should. So as I mentioned, when user uses this program he/she specifes monitored directory, when user copies/creates/changes file in that directory, program should get OnCreated/OnChanged event and then copy that file to few other directories. Above error happens in all casess, if user copies few files that needs to owerwrite other ones in folder being monitored or when copying bulk of several files or even sometimes when copying one file in a monitored directory. Whole program is quite big so I'm sending the most important parts. OnCreated: private void OnCreated(object source, FileSystemEventArgs e) { AddLogEntry(e.FullPath, "created", ""); // Update last access data if it's file so the same file doesn't // get processed twice because of sending another event. if (fileType(e.FullPath) == 2) { lastPath = e.FullPath; lastTime = DateTime.Now; } // serves no purpose now, it will be remove soon string fileName = GetFileName(e.FullPath); // copies file from source to few other directories Copy(e.FullPath, fileName); Console.WriteLine("OnCreated: " + e.FullPath); } OnChanged: private void OnChanged(object source, FileSystemEventArgs e) { // is it directory if (fileType(e.FullPath) == 1) return; // don't mind directory changes itself // Only if enough time has passed or if it's some other file // because two events can be generated int timeDiff = ((TimeSpan)(DateTime.Now - lastTime)).Seconds; if ((timeDiff < minSecsDiff) && (e.FullPath.Equals(lastPath))) { Console.WriteLine("-- skipped -- {0}, timediff: {1}", e.FullPath, timeDiff); return; } // Update last access data for above to work lastPath = e.FullPath; lastTime = DateTime.Now; // Only if size is changed, the rest will handle other handlers if (e.ChangeType == WatcherChangeTypes.Changed) { AddLogEntry(e.FullPath, "changed", ""); string fileName = GetFileName(e.FullPath); Copy(e.FullPath, fileName); Console.WriteLine("OnChanged: " + e.FullPath); } } fileType: private int fileType(string path) { if (Directory.Exists(path)) return 1; // directory else if (File.Exists(path)) return 2; // file else return 0; } Copy: private void Copy(string srcPath, string fileName) { foreach (string dstDirectoy in paths) { string eventType = "copied"; string error = "noerror"; string path = ""; string dirPortion = ""; // in case directory needs to be made if (srcPath.Length > fsw.Path.Length) { path = srcPath.Substring(fsw.Path.Length, srcPath.Length - fsw.Path.Length); int pos = path.LastIndexOf('\\'); if (pos != -1) dirPortion = path.Substring(0, pos); } if (fileType(srcPath) == 1) { try { Directory.CreateDirectory(dstDirectoy + path); //Directory.CreateDirectory(dstDirectoy + fileName); eventType = "created"; } catch (IOException e) { eventType = "error"; error = e.Message; } } else { try { if (!overwriteFile && File.Exists(dstDirectoy + path)) continue; // create new dir anyway even if it exists just to be sure Directory.CreateDirectory(dstDirectoy + dirPortion); // copy file from where event occured to all specified directories using (FileStream fsin = new FileStream(srcPath, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read, FileShare.Read)) { using (FileStream fsout = new FileStream(dstDirectoy + path, FileMode.Create, FileAccess.Write)) { byte[] buffer = new byte[32768]; int bytesRead = -1; while ((bytesRead = fsin.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length)) > 0) fsout.Write(buffer, 0, bytesRead); } } } catch (Exception e) { if ((e is IOException) && (overwriteFile == false)) { eventType = "skipped"; } else { eventType = "error"; error = e.Message; // attempt to find and kill the process locking the file. // failed, miserably System.Diagnostics.Process tool = new System.Diagnostics.Process(); tool.StartInfo.FileName = "handle.exe"; tool.StartInfo.Arguments = "\"" + srcPath + "\""; tool.StartInfo.UseShellExecute = false; tool.StartInfo.RedirectStandardOutput = true; tool.Start(); tool.WaitForExit(); string outputTool = tool.StandardOutput.ReadToEnd(); string matchPattern = @"(?<=\s+pid:\s+)\b(\d+)\b(?=\s+)"; foreach (Match match in Regex.Matches(outputTool, matchPattern)) { System.Diagnostics.Process.GetProcessById(int.Parse(match.Value)).Kill(); } Console.WriteLine("ERROR: {0}: [ {1} ]", e.Message, srcPath); } } } AddLogEntry(dstDirectoy + path, eventType, error); } } I checked everywhere in my program and whenever I use some file I use it in using block so even writing event to log (class for what I ommited since there is probably too much code already in post) wont lock the file, that is it shouldn't since all operations are using using statement block. I simply have no clue who's locking the file if not my program "copy" process from user through Windows or something else. Right now I have two possible "solutions" (I can't say they are clean solutions since they are hacks and as such not desireable). Since probably the problem is with fileType method (what else could lock the file?) I tried changing it to this, to simulate "blocking-until-ready-to-open" operation: fileType: private int fileType(string path) { FileStream fs = null; int ret = 0; bool run = true; if (Directory.Exists(path)) ret = 1; else { while (run) { try { fs = new FileStream(path, FileMode.Open); ret = 2; run = false; } catch (IOException) { } finally { if (fs != null) { fs.Close(); fs.Dispose(); } } } } return ret; } This is working as much as I could tell (test), but... it's hack, not to mention other deficients. The other "solution" I could try (I didn't test it yet) is using GC.Collect() somewhere at the end of fileType() method. Maybe even worse "solution" than previous one. Can someone pleas tell me, what on earth is locking the file, preventing it from opening and how can I fix that? What am I missing to see? Thanks in advance.

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• Run-Time Check Failure #2 - Stack around the variable 'indices' was corrupted.

  - by numerical25

  well I think I know what the problem is. I am just having a hard time debugging it. I am working with the directx api and I am trying to generate a plane along the x and z axis according to a book I have. The problem is when I am creating my indices. I think I am setting values out of the bounds of the indices array. I am just having a hard time figuring out what I did wrong. I am unfamiliar with the this method of generating a plane. so its a little difficult for me. below is my code. Take emphasis on the indices loop. #include "MyGame.h" //#include "CubeVector.h" /* This code sets a projection and shows a turning cube. What has been added is the project, rotation and a rasterizer to change the rasterization of the cube. The issue that was going on was something with the effect file which was causing the vertices not to be rendered correctly.*/ typedef struct { ID3D10Effect* pEffect; ID3D10EffectTechnique* pTechnique; //vertex information ID3D10Buffer* pVertexBuffer; ID3D10Buffer* pIndicesBuffer; ID3D10InputLayout* pVertexLayout; UINT numVertices; UINT numIndices; }ModelObject; ModelObject modelObject; // World Matrix D3DXMATRIX WorldMatrix; // View Matrix D3DXMATRIX ViewMatrix; // Projection Matrix D3DXMATRIX ProjectionMatrix; ID3D10EffectMatrixVariable* pProjectionMatrixVariable = NULL; //grid information #define NUM_COLS 16 #define NUM_ROWS 16 #define CELL_WIDTH 32 #define CELL_HEIGHT 32 #define NUM_VERTSX (NUM_COLS + 1) #define NUM_VERTSY (NUM_ROWS + 1) bool MyGame::InitDirect3D() { if(!DX3dApp::InitDirect3D()) { return false; } D3D10_RASTERIZER_DESC rastDesc; rastDesc.FillMode = D3D10_FILL_WIREFRAME; rastDesc.CullMode = D3D10_CULL_FRONT; rastDesc.FrontCounterClockwise = true; rastDesc.DepthBias = false; rastDesc.DepthBiasClamp = 0; rastDesc.SlopeScaledDepthBias = 0; rastDesc.DepthClipEnable = false; rastDesc.ScissorEnable = false; rastDesc.MultisampleEnable = false; rastDesc.AntialiasedLineEnable = false; ID3D10RasterizerState *g_pRasterizerState; mpD3DDevice->CreateRasterizerState(&rastDesc, &g_pRasterizerState); mpD3DDevice->RSSetState(g_pRasterizerState); // Set up the World Matrix D3DXMatrixIdentity(&WorldMatrix); D3DXMatrixLookAtLH(&ViewMatrix, new D3DXVECTOR3(0.0f, 10.0f, -20.0f), new D3DXVECTOR3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), new D3DXVECTOR3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f)); // Set up the projection matrix D3DXMatrixPerspectiveFovLH(&ProjectionMatrix, (float)D3DX_PI * 0.5f, (float)mWidth/(float)mHeight, 0.1f, 100.0f); if(!CreateObject()) { return false; } return true; } //These are actions that take place after the clearing of the buffer and before the present void MyGame::GameDraw() { static float rotationAngle = 0.0f; // create the rotation matrix using the rotation angle D3DXMatrixRotationY(&WorldMatrix, rotationAngle); rotationAngle += (float)D3DX_PI * 0.0f; // Set the input layout mpD3DDevice->IASetInputLayout(modelObject.pVertexLayout); // Set vertex buffer UINT stride = sizeof(VertexPos); UINT offset = 0; mpD3DDevice->IASetVertexBuffers(0, 1, &modelObject.pVertexBuffer, &stride, &offset); mpD3DDevice->IASetIndexBuffer(modelObject.pIndicesBuffer, DXGI_FORMAT_R32_UINT, 0); // Set primitive topology mpD3DDevice->IASetPrimitiveTopology(D3D10_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLELIST); // Combine and send the final matrix to the shader D3DXMATRIX finalMatrix = (WorldMatrix * ViewMatrix * ProjectionMatrix); pProjectionMatrixVariable->SetMatrix((float*)&finalMatrix); // make sure modelObject is valid // Render a model object D3D10_TECHNIQUE_DESC techniqueDescription; modelObject.pTechnique->GetDesc(&techniqueDescription); // Loop through the technique passes for(UINT p=0; p < techniqueDescription.Passes; ++p) { modelObject.pTechnique->GetPassByIndex(p)->Apply(0); // draw the cube using all 36 vertices and 12 triangles mpD3DDevice->DrawIndexed(modelObject.numIndices,0,0); } } //Render actually incapsulates Gamedraw, so you can call data before you actually clear the buffer or after you //present data void MyGame::Render() { DX3dApp::Render(); } bool MyGame::CreateObject() { VertexPos vertices[NUM_VERTSX * NUM_VERTSY]; for(int z=0; z < NUM_VERTSY; ++z) { for(int x = 0; x < NUM_VERTSX; ++x) { vertices[x + z * NUM_VERTSX].pos.x = (float)x * CELL_WIDTH; vertices[x + z * NUM_VERTSX].pos.z = (float)z * CELL_HEIGHT; vertices[x + z * NUM_VERTSX].pos.y = 0.0f; vertices[x + z * NUM_VERTSX].color = D3DXVECTOR4(1.0, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); } } DWORD indices[NUM_VERTSX * NUM_VERTSY]; int curIndex = 0; for(int z=0; z < NUM_ROWS; ++z) { for(int x = 0; x < NUM_COLS; ++x) { int curVertex = x + (z * NUM_VERTSX); indices[curIndex] = curVertex; indices[curIndex + 1] = curVertex + NUM_VERTSX; indices[curIndex + 2] = curVertex + 1; indices[curIndex + 3] = curVertex + 1; indices[curIndex + 4] = curVertex + NUM_VERTSX; indices[curIndex + 5] = curVertex + NUM_VERTSX + 1; curIndex += 6; } } //Create Layout D3D10_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC layout[] = { {"POSITION",0,DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT, 0 , 0, D3D10_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0}, {"COLOR",0,DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT, 0 , 12, D3D10_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0} }; UINT numElements = (sizeof(layout)/sizeof(layout[0])); modelObject.numVertices = sizeof(vertices)/sizeof(VertexPos); //Create buffer desc D3D10_BUFFER_DESC bufferDesc; bufferDesc.Usage = D3D10_USAGE_DEFAULT; bufferDesc.ByteWidth = sizeof(VertexPos) * modelObject.numVertices; bufferDesc.BindFlags = D3D10_BIND_VERTEX_BUFFER; bufferDesc.CPUAccessFlags = 0; bufferDesc.MiscFlags = 0; D3D10_SUBRESOURCE_DATA initData; initData.pSysMem = vertices; //Create the buffer HRESULT hr = mpD3DDevice->CreateBuffer(&bufferDesc, &initData, &modelObject.pVertexBuffer); if(FAILED(hr)) return false; modelObject.numIndices = sizeof(indices)/sizeof(DWORD); bufferDesc.ByteWidth = sizeof(DWORD) * modelObject.numIndices; bufferDesc.BindFlags = D3D10_BIND_INDEX_BUFFER; initData.pSysMem = indices; hr = mpD3DDevice->CreateBuffer(&bufferDesc, &initData, &modelObject.pIndicesBuffer); if(FAILED(hr)) return false; ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //Set up fx files LPCWSTR effectFilename = L"effect.fx"; modelObject.pEffect = NULL; hr = D3DX10CreateEffectFromFile(effectFilename, NULL, NULL, "fx_4_0", D3D10_SHADER_ENABLE_STRICTNESS, 0, mpD3DDevice, NULL, NULL, &modelObject.pEffect, NULL, NULL); if(FAILED(hr)) return false; pProjectionMatrixVariable = modelObject.pEffect->GetVariableByName("Projection")->AsMatrix(); //Dont sweat the technique. Get it! LPCSTR effectTechniqueName = "Render"; modelObject.pTechnique = modelObject.pEffect->GetTechniqueByName(effectTechniqueName); if(modelObject.pTechnique == NULL) return false; //Create Vertex layout D3D10_PASS_DESC passDesc; modelObject.pTechnique->GetPassByIndex(0)->GetDesc(&passDesc); hr = mpD3DDevice->CreateInputLayout(layout, numElements, passDesc.pIAInputSignature, passDesc.IAInputSignatureSize, &modelObject.pVertexLayout); if(FAILED(hr)) return false; return true; }

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• Website with an iframe inside

  - by user1328929

  Does anyone have any ideas how to design a website with an iframe inside , like a gallery , to browse inside urls , but still remain on the basic site ? Something like this : http://ru.trovit.com/nedvizhimost/index.php/cod.frame/url.http%253A%252F%252Fwww.mesto.ru%252Fhouse-sale%252F1165477/id_ad.123131lZaNE/type.1/what.%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%20%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F%20%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C/pos.2/org.1/frame_pos.2/publisher_id./referer_id.51/t.1

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• XNA 4.0 SpriteBatch.Draw Out Of Memory Exception Thrown

  - by RustyGearGames

  Well, first of all, my guess is that I'm calling the spritebatch.draw() method to many times, but I need to (Or, it's the only way I can figure out how to) Draw my in-game windows. I'll just go ahead and dump my code; using System; using System.Text; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Audio; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.GamerServices; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Input; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Media; namespace System.Window { class Window { #region Variables public Texture2D importedTexture; public Texture2D WindowSkin; public RenderTarget2D currentWindow; public RenderTarget2D windowTexture; public Vector2 pos; public int prevWindowWidth; public int prevWindowHeight; public int windowWidth; public int windowHeight; public bool visible; public bool active; public bool drawNew; #region Rectangles public Rectangle clickRect; public Rectangle topLeftRect; public Rectangle topRightRect; public Rectangle buttonRect; public Rectangle botLeftRect; public Rectangle botRightRect; #endregion #endregion public Window() { } public void Initialize(GraphicsDevice g, Texture2D ws, Texture2D it, int w, int h, bool v, bool a) { WindowSkin = ws; importedTexture = it; windowWidth = w; prevWindowWidth = w; windowHeight = h; prevWindowHeight = h; windowTexture = new RenderTarget2D(g, windowWidth, windowHeight); currentWindow = windowTexture; visible = v; active = a; drawNew = true; topLeftRect = new Rectangle(0, 0, 32, 32); topRightRect = new Rectangle(32, 0, 32, 32); buttonRect = new Rectangle(64, 0, 32, 32); botLeftRect = new Rectangle(0, 64, 32, 32); botRightRect = new Rectangle(64, 64, 32, 32); } public void Update(GraphicsDevice g, Vector2 p, int width, int height) { prevWindowWidth = windowWidth; prevWindowHeight = windowHeight; pos = p; windowWidth = width; windowHeight = height; windowTexture = new RenderTarget2D(g, windowWidth+2, windowHeight+2); } public void Draw(SpriteBatch s, GraphicsDevice g) { s.Draw(currentWindow, pos, new Rectangle(0, 0, windowWidth, windowHeight), Color.White, 0, Vector2.Zero, 1.0f, SpriteEffects.None, 0); } public void DrawNewWindow(SpriteBatch s, GraphicsDevice g) { g.SetRenderTarget(windowTexture); g.Clear(Color.Transparent); s.Begin(); #region Draw Background for (int w = 3; w < (windowWidth); w += 32) { for (int h = 32; h < (windowHeight); h += 32) { s.Draw(WindowSkin, new Vector2(w, h), new Rectangle(32, 32, 32, 32), Color.White, 0, Vector2.Zero, 1.0f, SpriteEffects.None, 0); } } #endregion s.Draw(importedTexture, new Vector2(3, 32), new Rectangle(0, 0, importedTexture.Width, importedTexture.Height), Color.White, 0, Vector2.Zero, 1.0f, SpriteEffects.None, 0); #region Draw resizables for (int i = 32; i < (windowWidth - 64); i += 32) { s.Draw(WindowSkin, new Vector2(i, 0), new Rectangle(16, 0, 32, 32), Color.White, 0, Vector2.Zero, 1.0f, SpriteEffects.None, 0); } for (int i = 32; i < (windowWidth - 32); i += 32) { s.Draw(WindowSkin, new Vector2(i, windowHeight - 32), new Rectangle(32, 64, 32, 32), Color.White, 0, Vector2.Zero, 1.0f, SpriteEffects.None, 0); } for (int i = 64; i < (windowHeight - 32); i += 32) { s.Draw(WindowSkin, new Vector2(0, i), new Rectangle(0, 48, 32, 32), Color.White, 0, Vector2.Zero, 1.0f, SpriteEffects.None, 0); } for (int i = 64; i < (windowHeight - 32); i += 32) { s.Draw(WindowSkin, new Vector2(windowWidth - 32, i), new Rectangle(64, 48, 32, 32), Color.White, 0, Vector2.Zero, 1.0f, SpriteEffects.None, 0); } #endregion #region Draw Corners s.Draw(WindowSkin, new Vector2(0, 0), topLeftRect, Color.White, 0, Vector2.Zero, 1.0f, SpriteEffects.None, 0); s.Draw(WindowSkin, new Vector2(0, 32), new Rectangle(0, 32, 32, 32), Color.White, 0, Vector2.Zero, 1.0f, SpriteEffects.None, 0); s.Draw(WindowSkin, new Vector2(windowWidth - 64, 0), topRightRect, Color.White, 0, Vector2.Zero, 1.0f, SpriteEffects.None, 0); s.Draw(WindowSkin, new Vector2(windowWidth - 32, 32), new Rectangle(64, 32, 32, 32), Color.White, 0, Vector2.Zero, 1.0f, SpriteEffects.None, 0); s.Draw(WindowSkin, new Vector2(windowWidth - 32, 0), buttonRect, Color.White, 0, Vector2.Zero, 1.0f, SpriteEffects.None, 0); s.Draw(WindowSkin, new Vector2(0, windowHeight - 32), botLeftRect, Color.White, 0, Vector2.Zero, 1.0f, SpriteEffects.None, 0); s.Draw(WindowSkin, new Vector2(windowWidth - 32, windowHeight - 32), botRightRect, Color.White, 0, Vector2.Zero, 1.0f, SpriteEffects.None, 0); #endregion s.End(); currentWindow = windowTexture; } } } It's all nice and configured for my little windowskin texture, and such. the only problem is that it will get a little laggy, and then completely crash on me about a minute into running it. It throws an Out Of Memory Exception, but I don't know and can't find any other topic or post on this relating to spritebatch. Does anybody have any suggestions on how I can get this working and not take up much memory? I would think this as an easy, cost effective way of drawing a window. I'm just not sure how cut down on my draw calls, or get any of that memory back.

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• postgres subquery w/ derived column

  - by Wells

  The following query won't work, but it should be clear what I'm trying to do: split the value of 't' on space and use the last element in that array in the subquery (as it will match tl). Any ideas how to do this? Thanks! SELECT t, y, "type", regexp_split_to_array(t, ' ') as t_array, sum(dr), ( select uz from f.tfa where tl = t_array[-1] ) as uz, sc FROM padres.yd_fld WHERE y = 2010 AND pos <> 0 GROUP BY t, y, "type", sc;

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• unset in Varnish - syntax error

  - by Dude

  I'm trying to hide the "Server" header returned by Apache on every request, from Varnish. Using in sub vcl_fetch: unset obj.http.Server; on Varnish start I get: Expected action, 'if' or '}' (/etc/varnish/default.vcl Line 43 Pos 9) unset obj.http.Server; --------#####----------------- Any ideas?

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• How initialize array of classes? (C++)

  - by Kra

  Hello, I have this class constructor: Pairs (int Pos, char *Pre, char *Post, bool Attach = true); How can I initialize array of Pairs classes? I tried: Pairs Holder[3] = { {Input.find("as"), "Pre", "Post"}, {Input.find("as"), "Pre", "Post"}, {Input.find("as"), "Pre", "Post"} }; Apparently it's not working, I also tried to use () brackets instead of {} but compiler keeps moaning all the time. Sorry if it is lame question, I googled quite hard but wasn't able to find answer :/ Thanks.

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• C * operator meaning in array assignment

  - by bigben

  What does this line mean? I havn't done C in a few years. Does it perform the operation in parens then make the int result a pointer?? b[0] = *(start + pos++);

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• find nth digit in C

  - by kokkch

  i spend more than a day to solve this and i can't. I have a function name int get_nth_digit (int x, int pos); which takes as entering the number given by the user(x) and a number that represents the position in which the user wishes to return the item. How can do this with C program? can you help me pls???? thx

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• I have finally traded my Blackberry in for a Droid!

  - by Bob Porter

  Over the years I have used a number of different types of phones. Windows Mobile, Blackberry, Nokia, and now Android. Until the Blackberry, which was my last phone (and I still have one issued from my office) I had never found a phone that “just worked” especially with email and messaging. The Blackberry did, and does, excel at those functions. My last personal phone was a Storm 1 which was Blackberry’s first touch screen phone. The Storm 2 was an improved version that fixed some screen press detection issues from the first model and it added Wifi. Over the last few years I have watched others acquire and fall in love with their ‘Droid’s including a number of iPhone users which surprised me. Our office has until recently only supported Blackberry phones, adding iPhones within the last year or so. When I spoke with our internal telecom folks they confirmed they were evaluating Android phones, but felt they still were not secure enough out of the box for corporate use and SOX compliance. That being said, as a personal phone, the Droid Rocks! I am impressed with its speed, the number of apps available, and the overall design. It is not as “flashy” as an iPhone but it does everything that I care about and more. The model I bought is the Motorola Droid 2 Global from Verizon. It is currently running Android 2.2 for it’s OS, 2.3 is just around the corner. It has 8 gigs of internal flash memory and can handle up to a 32 gig SDCard. (I currently have 2 8 gig cards, one for backups, and have ordered a 16 gig card!) Being a geek at heart, I “rooted” the phone which means gained superuser access to the OS on the phone. And opens a number of doors for further modifications down the road. Also being a geek meant I have already setup a development environment and built and deployed the obligatory “Hello Droid” application. I will be writing of my development experiences with this new platform here often, to start off I thought I would share my current application list to give you an idea what I am using. Zedge: http://market.android.com/details?id=net.zedge.android XDA: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.quoord.tapatalkxda.activity WRAL.com: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.mylocaltv.wral Wireless Tether: http://market.android.com/details?id=android.tether Winamp: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.nullsoft.winamp Win7 Clock: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.androidapps.widget.toggles.win7 Wifi Analyzer: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.farproc.wifi.analyzer WeatherBug: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.aws.android Weather Widget Forecast Addon: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.androidapps.weather.forecastaddon Weather & Toggle Widgets: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.androidapps.widget.weather2 Vlingo: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.vlingo.client VirtualTENHO-G: http://market.android.com/details?id=jp.bustercurry.virtualtenho_g Twitter: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.twitter.android TweetDeck: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.thedeck.android.app Tricorder: http://market.android.com/details?id=org.hermit.tricorder Titanium Backup PRO: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.keramidas.TitaniumBackupPro Titanium Backup: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.keramidas.TitaniumBackup Terminal Emulator: http://market.android.com/details?id=jackpal.androidterm Talking Tom Free: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.outfit7.talkingtom Stock Blue: http://market.android.com/details?id=org.adw.theme.stockblue ST: Red Alert Free: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.oldplanets.redalertwallpaper ST: Red Alert: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.oldplanets.redalertwallpaperplus Solitaire: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.kmagic.solitaire Skype: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.skype.raider Silent Time Lite: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.QuiteHypnotic.SilentTime ShopSavvy: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.biggu.shopsavvy Shopper: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.google.android.apps.shopper Shiny clock: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.androidapps.clock.shiny ShareMyApps: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.mattlary.shareMyApps Sense Glass ADW Theme: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.dtanquary.senseglassadwtheme ROM Manager: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.koushikdutta.rommanager Roboform Bookmarklet Installer: http://market.android.com/details?id=roboformBookmarkletInstaller.android.com RealCalc: http://market.android.com/details?id=uk.co.nickfines.RealCalc Package Buddy: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.psyrus.packagebuddy Overstock: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.overstock OMGPOP Toggle: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.androidapps.widget.toggle.omgpop OI File Manager: http://market.android.com/details?id=org.openintents.filemanager nook: http://market.android.com/details?id=bn.ereader MyAtlas-Google Maps Navigation ext: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.adaptdroid.navbookfree3 MSN Droid: http://market.android.com/details?id=msn.droid.im Matrix Live Wallpaper: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.jarodyv.livewallpaper.matrix LogMeIn: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.logmein.ignitionpro.android Liveshare: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.cooliris.app.liveshare Kobo: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.kobobooks.android Instant Heart Rate: http://market.android.com/details?id=si.modula.android.instantheartrate IMDb: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.imdb.mobile Home Plus Weather: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.androidapps.widget.skin.weather.homeplus Handcent SMS: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.handcent.nextsms H7C Clock: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.androidapps.widget.clock.skin.h7c GTasks: http://market.android.com/details?id=org.dayup.gtask GPS Status: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.eclipsim.gpsstatus2 Google Voice: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.google.android.apps.googlevoice Google Sky Map: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.google.android.stardroid Google Reader: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.google.android.apps.reader GoMarks: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.androappsdev.gomarks Goggles: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.google.android.apps.unveil Glossy Black Weather: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.androidapps.widget.weather.skin.glossyblack Fox News: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.foxnews.android Foursquare: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.joelapenna.foursquared FBReader: http://market.android.com/details?id=org.geometerplus.zlibrary.ui.android Fandango: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.fandango Facebook: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.facebook.katana Extensive Notes Pro: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.flufflydelusions.app.extensive_notes_donate Expense Manager: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.expensemanager Espresso UI (LightShow w/ Slide): http://market.android.com/details?id=com.jaguirre.slide.lightshow Engadget: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.aol.mobile.engadget Earth: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.google.earth Drudge: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.iavian.dreport Dropbox: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.dropbox.android DroidForums: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.quoord.tapatalkdrodiforums.activity DroidArmor ADW: http://market.android.com/details?id=mobi.addesigns.droidarmorADW Droid Weather Icons: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.androidapps.widget.weather.skins.white Droid 2 Bootstrapper: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.koushikdutta.droid2.bootstrap doubleTwist: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.doubleTwist.androidPlayer Documents To Go: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.dataviz.docstogo Digital Clock Widget: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.maize.digitalClock Desk Home: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.cowbellsoftware.deskdock Default Clock: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.androidapps.widget.clock.skins.defaultclock Daily Expense Manager: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.techahead.ExpenseManager ConnectBot: http://market.android.com/details?id=org.connectbot Colorized Weather Icons: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.androidapps.widget.weather.colorized Chrome to Phone: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.google.android.apps.chrometophone CardStar: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.cardstar.android Books: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.google.android.apps.books Black Ipad Toggle: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.androidapps.toggle.widget.skin.blackipad Black Glass ADW Theme: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.dtanquary.blackglassadwtheme Bing: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.microsoft.mobileexperiences.bing BeyondPod Unlock Key: http://market.android.com/details?id=mobi.beyondpod.unlockkey BeyondPod: http://market.android.com/details?id=mobi.beyondpod BeejiveIM: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.beejive.im Beautiful Widgets Animations Addon: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.levelup.bw.forecast Beautiful Widgets: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.levelup.beautifulwidgets Beautiful Live Weather: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.levelup.beautifullive BBC News: http://market.android.com/details?id=net.jimblackler.newswidget Barnacle Wifi Tether: http://market.android.com/details?id=net.szym.barnacle Barcode Scanner: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.google.zxing.client.android ASTRO SMB Module: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.metago.astro.smb ASTRO Pro: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.metago.astro.pro ASTRO Bluetooth Module: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.metago.astro.network.bluetooth ASTRO: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.metago.astro AppBrain App Market: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.appspot.swisscodemonkeys.apps App Drawer Icon Pack: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.adwtheme.appdrawericonpack androidVNC: http://market.android.com/details?id=android.androidVNC AndroidGuys: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.handmark.mpp.AndroidGuys Android System Info: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.electricsheep.asi AndFTP: http://market.android.com/details?id=lysesoft.andftp ADWTheme Red: http://market.android.com/details?id=adw.theme.red ADWLauncher EX: http://market.android.com/details?id=org.adwfreak.launcher ADW.Theme.One: http://market.android.com/details?id=org.adw.theme.one ADW.Faded theme: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.xrcore.adwtheme.faded ADW Gingerbread: http://market.android.com/details?id=me.robertburns.android.adwtheme.gingerbread Advanced Task Killer Free: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.rechild.advancedtaskkiller Adobe Reader: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.adobe.reader Adobe Flash Player 10.1: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.adobe.flashplayer Adobe AIR: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.adobe.air 3G Auto OnOff: http://market.android.com/details?id=com.yuantuo --- Generated by ShareMyApps http://market.android.com/details?id=com.mattlary.shareMyApps Sent from my Droid

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• Is there a Telecommunications Reference Architecture?

  - by raul.goycoolea

  @font-face { font-family: "Arial"; }@font-face { font-family: "Courier New"; }@font-face { font-family: "Wingdings"; }@font-face { font-family: "Cambria"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraph, li.MsoListParagraph, div.MsoListParagraph { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; }ol { margin-bottom: 0cm; }ul { margin-bottom: 0cm; } Abstract   Reference architecture provides needed architectural information that can be provided in advance to an enterprise to enable consistent architectural best practices. Enterprise Reference Architecture helps business owners to actualize their strategies, vision, objectives, and principles. It evaluates the IT systems, based on Reference Architecture goals, principles, and standards. It helps to reduce IT costs by increasing functionality, availability, scalability, etc. Telecom Reference Architecture provides customers with the flexibility to view bundled service bills online with the provision of multiple services. It provides real-time, flexible billing and charging systems, to handle complex promotions, discounts, and settlements with multiple parties. This paper attempts to describe the Reference Architecture for the Telecom Enterprises. It lays the foundation for a Telecom Reference Architecture by articulating the requirements, drivers, and pitfalls for telecom service providers. It describes generic reference architecture for telecom enterprises and moves on to explain how to achieve Enterprise Reference Architecture by using SOA.   Introduction   A Reference Architecture provides a methodology, set of practices, template, and standards based on a set of successful solutions implemented earlier. These solutions have been generalized and structured for the depiction of both a logical and a physical architecture, based on the harvesting of a set of patterns that describe observations in a number of successful implementations. It helps as a reference for the various architectures that an enterprise can implement to solve various problems. It can be used as the starting point or the point of comparisons for various departments/business entities of a company, or for the various companies for an enterprise. It provides multiple views for multiple stakeholders.   Major artifacts of the Enterprise Reference Architecture are methodologies, standards, metadata, documents, design patterns, etc.   Purpose of Reference Architecture   In most cases, architects spend a lot of time researching, investigating, defining, and re-arguing architectural decisions. It is like reinventing the wheel as their peers in other organizations or even the same organization have already spent a lot of time and effort defining their own architectural practices. This prevents an organization from learning from its own experiences and applying that knowledge for increased effectiveness.   Reference architecture provides missing architectural information that can be provided in advance to project team members to enable consistent architectural best practices.   Enterprise Reference Architecture helps an enterprise to achieve the following at the abstract level:   ·       Reference architecture is more of a communication channel to an enterprise ·       Helps the business owners to accommodate to their strategies, vision, objectives, and principles. ·       Evaluates the IT systems based on Reference Architecture Principles ·       Reduces IT spending through increasing functionality, availability, scalability, etc ·       A Real-time Integration Model helps to reduce the latency of the data updates Is used to define a single source of Information ·       Provides a clear view on how to manage information and security ·       Defines the policy around the data ownership, product boundaries, etc. ·       Helps with cost optimization across project and solution portfolios by eliminating unused or duplicate investments and assets ·       Has a shorter implementation time and cost   Once the reference architecture is in place, the set of architectural principles, standards, reference models, and best practices ensure that the aligned investments have the greatest possible likelihood of success in both the near term and the long term (TCO).     Common pitfalls for Telecom Service Providers   Telecom Reference Architecture serves as the first step towards maturity for a telecom service provider. During the course of our assignments/experiences with telecom players, we have come across the following observations – Some of these indicate a lack of maturity of the telecom service provider:   ·       In markets that are growing and not so mature, it has been observed that telcos have a significant amount of in-house or home-grown applications. In some of these markets, the growth has been so rapid that IT has been unable to cope with business demands. Telcos have shown a tendency to come up with workarounds in their IT applications so as to meet business needs. ·       Even for core functions like provisioning or mediation, some telcos have tried to manage with home-grown applications. ·       Most of the applications do not have the required scalability or maintainability to sustain growth in volumes or functionality. ·       Applications face interoperability issues with other applications in the operator's landscape. Integrating a new application or network element requires considerable effort on the part of the other applications. ·       Application boundaries are not clear, and functionality that is not in the initial scope of that application gets pushed onto it. This results in the development of the multiple, small applications without proper boundaries. ·       Usage of Legacy OSS/BSS systems, poor Integration across Multiple COTS Products and Internal Systems. Most of the Integrations are developed on ad-hoc basis and Point-to-Point Integration. ·       Redundancy of the business functions in different applications • Fragmented data across the different applications and no integrated view of the strategic data • Lot of performance Issues due to the usage of the complex integration across OSS and BSS systems   However, this is where the maturity of the telecom industry as a whole can be of help. The collaborative efforts of telcos to overcome some of these problems have resulted in bodies like the TM Forum. They have come up with frameworks for business processes, data, applications, and technology for telecom service providers. These could be a good starting point for telcos to clean up their enterprise landscape.   Industry Trends in Telecom Reference Architecture   Telecom reference architectures are evolving rapidly because telcos are facing business and IT challenges.   “The reality is that there probably is no killer application, no silver bullet that the telcos can latch onto to carry them into a 21st Century.... Instead, there are probably hundreds – perhaps thousands – of niche applications.... And the only way to find which of these works for you is to try out lots of them, ramp up the ones that work, and discontinue the ones that fail.” – Martin Creaner President & CTO TM Forum.   The following trends have been observed in telecom reference architecture:   ·       Transformation of business structures to align with customer requirements ·       Adoption of more Internet-like technical architectures. The Web 2.0 concept is increasingly being used. ·       Virtualization of the traditional operations support system (OSS) ·       Adoption of SOA to support development of IP-based services ·       Adoption of frameworks like Service Delivery Platforms (SDPs) and IP Multimedia Subsystem ·       (IMS) to enable seamless deployment of various services over fixed and mobile networks ·       Replacement of in-house, customized, and stove-piped OSS/BSS with standards-based COTS products ·       Compliance with industry standards and frameworks like eTOM, SID, and TAM to enable seamless integration with other standards-based products   Drivers of Reference Architecture   The drivers of the Reference Architecture are Reference Architecture Goals, Principles, and Enterprise Vision and Telecom Transformation. The details are depicted below diagram. @font-face { font-family: "Cambria"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoCaption, li.MsoCaption, div.MsoCaption { margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; font-size: 9pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: rgb(79, 129, 189); font-weight: bold; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } Figure 1. Drivers for Reference Architecture @font-face { font-family: "Arial"; }@font-face { font-family: "Courier New"; }@font-face { font-family: "Wingdings"; }@font-face { font-family: "Cambria"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraph, li.MsoListParagraph, div.MsoListParagraph { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; }ol { margin-bottom: 0cm; }ul { margin-bottom: 0cm; } Today’s telecom reference architectures should seamlessly integrate traditional legacy-based applications and transition to next-generation network technologies (e.g., IP multimedia subsystems). This has resulted in new requirements for flexible, real-time billing and OSS/BSS systems and implications on the service provider’s organizational requirements and structure.   Telecom reference architectures are today expected to:   ·       Integrate voice, messaging, email and other VAS over fixed and mobile networks, back end systems ·       Be able to provision multiple services and service bundles • Deliver converged voice, video and data services ·       Leverage the existing Network Infrastructure ·       Provide real-time, flexible billing and charging systems to handle complex promotions, discounts, and settlements with multiple parties. ·       Support charging of advanced data services such as VoIP, On-Demand, Services (e.g.  Video), IMS/SIP Services, Mobile Money, Content Services and IPTV. ·       Help in faster deployment of new services • Serve as an effective platform for collaboration between network IT and business organizations ·       Harness the potential of converging technology, networks, devices and content to develop multimedia services and solutions of ever-increasing sophistication on a single Internet Protocol (IP) ·       Ensure better service delivery and zero revenue leakage through real-time balance and credit management ·       Lower operating costs to drive profitability   Enterprise Reference Architecture   The Enterprise Reference Architecture (RA) fills the gap between the concepts and vocabulary defined by the reference model and the implementation. Reference architecture provides detailed architectural information in a common format such that solutions can be repeatedly designed and deployed in a consistent, high-quality, supportable fashion. This paper attempts to describe the Reference Architecture for the Telecom Application Usage and how to achieve the Enterprise Level Reference Architecture using SOA.   • Telecom Reference Architecture • Enterprise SOA based Reference Architecture   Telecom Reference Architecture   Tele Management Forum’s New Generation Operations Systems and Software (NGOSS) is an architectural framework for organizing, integrating, and implementing telecom systems. NGOSS is a component-based framework consisting of the following elements:   ·       The enhanced Telecom Operations Map (eTOM) is a business process framework. ·       The Shared Information Data (SID) model provides a comprehensive information framework that may be specialized for the needs of a particular organization. ·       The Telecom Application Map (TAM) is an application framework to depict the functional footprint of applications, relative to the horizontal processes within eTOM. ·       The Technology Neutral Architecture (TNA) is an integrated framework. TNA is an architecture that is sustainable through technology changes.   NGOSS Architecture Standards are:   ·       Centralized data ·       Loosely coupled distributed systems ·       Application components/re-use  ·       A technology-neutral system framework with technology specific implementations ·       Interoperability to service provider data/processes ·       Allows more re-use of business components across multiple business scenarios ·       Workflow automation   The traditional operator systems architecture consists of four layers,   ·       Business Support System (BSS) layer, with focus toward customers and business partners. Manages order, subscriber, pricing, rating, and billing information. ·       Operations Support System (OSS) layer, built around product, service, and resource inventories. ·       Networks layer – consists of Network elements and 3rd Party Systems. ·       Integration Layer – to maximize application communication and overall solution flexibility.   Reference architecture for telecom enterprises is depicted below. @font-face { font-family: "Arial"; }@font-face { font-family: "Courier New"; }@font-face { font-family: "Wingdings"; }@font-face { font-family: "Cambria"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoCaption, li.MsoCaption, div.MsoCaption { margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; font-size: 9pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: rgb(79, 129, 189); font-weight: bold; }p.MsoListParagraph, li.MsoListParagraph, div.MsoListParagraph { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; }ol { margin-bottom: 0cm; }ul { margin-bottom: 0cm; } Figure 2. Telecom Reference Architecture   The major building blocks of any Telecom Service Provider architecture are as follows:   1. Customer Relationship Management   CRM encompasses the end-to-end lifecycle of the customer: customer initiation/acquisition, sales, ordering, and service activation, customer care and support, proactive campaigns, cross sell/up sell, and retention/loyalty.   CRM also includes the collection of customer information and its application to personalize, customize, and integrate delivery of service to a customer, as well as to identify opportunities for increasing the value of the customer to the enterprise.   The key functionalities related to Customer Relationship Management are   ·       Manage the end-to-end lifecycle of a customer request for products. ·       Create and manage customer profiles. ·       Manage all interactions with customers – inquiries, requests, and responses. ·       Provide updates to Billing and other south bound systems on customer/account related updates such as customer/ account creation, deletion, modification, request bills, final bill, duplicate bills, credit limits through Middleware. ·       Work with Order Management System, Product, and Service Management components within CRM. ·       Manage customer preferences – Involve all the touch points and channels to the customer, including contact center, retail stores, dealers, self service, and field service, as well as via any media (phone, face to face, web, mobile device, chat, email, SMS, mail, the customer's bill, etc.). ·       Support single interface for customer contact details, preferences, account details, offers, customer premise equipment, bill details, bill cycle details, and customer interactions.   CRM applications interact with customers through customer touch points like portals, point-of-sale terminals, interactive voice response systems, etc. The requests by customers are sent via fulfillment/provisioning to billing system for ordering processing.   2. Billing and Revenue Management   Billing and Revenue Management handles the collection of appropriate usage records and production of timely and accurate bills – for providing pre-bill usage information and billing to customers; for processing their payments; and for performing payment collections. In addition, it handles customer inquiries about bills, provides billing inquiry status, and is responsible for resolving billing problems to the customer's satisfaction in a timely manner. This process grouping also supports prepayment for services.   The key functionalities provided by these applications are   ·       To ensure that enterprise revenue is billed and invoices delivered appropriately to customers. ·       To manage customers’ billing accounts, process their payments, perform payment collections, and monitor the status of the account balance. ·       To ensure the timely and effective fulfillment of all customer bill inquiries and complaints. ·       Collect the usage records from mediation and ensure appropriate rating and discounting of all usage and pricing. ·       Support revenue sharing; split charging where usage is guided to an account different from the service consumer. ·       Support prepaid and post-paid rating. ·       Send notification on approach / exceeding the usage thresholds as enforced by the subscribed offer, and / or as setup by the customer. ·       Support prepaid, post paid, and hybrid (where some services are prepaid and the rest of the services post paid) customers and conversion from post paid to prepaid, and vice versa. ·       Support different billing function requirements like charge prorating, promotion, discount, adjustment, waiver, write-off, account receivable, GL Interface, late payment fee, credit control, dunning, account or service suspension, re-activation, expiry, termination, contract violation penalty, etc. ·       Initiate direct debit to collect payment against an invoice outstanding. ·       Send notification to Middleware on different events; for example, payment receipt, pre-suspension, threshold exceed, etc.   Billing systems typically get usage data from mediation systems for rating and billing. They get provisioning requests from order management systems and inquiries from CRM systems. Convergent and real-time billing systems can directly get usage details from network elements.   3. Mediation   Mediation systems transform/translate the Raw or Native Usage Data Records into a general format that is acceptable to billing for their rating purposes.   The following lists the high-level roles and responsibilities executed by the Mediation system in the end-to-end solution.   ·       Collect Usage Data Records from different data sources – like network elements, routers, servers – via different protocol and interfaces. ·       Process Usage Data Records – Mediation will process Usage Data Records as per the source format. ·       Validate Usage Data Records from each source. ·       Segregates Usage Data Records coming from each source to multiple, based on the segregation requirement of end Application. ·       Aggregates Usage Data Records based on the aggregation rule if any from different sources. ·       Consolidates multiple Usage Data Records from each source. ·       Delivers formatted Usage Data Records to different end application like Billing, Interconnect, Fraud Management, etc. ·       Generates audit trail for incoming Usage Data Records and keeps track of all the Usage Data Records at various stages of mediation process. ·       Checks duplicate Usage Data Records across files for a given time window.   4. Fulfillment   This area is responsible for providing customers with their requested products in a timely and correct manner. It translates the customer's business or personal need into a solution that can be delivered using the specific products in the enterprise's portfolio. This process informs the customers of the status of their purchase order, and ensures completion on time, as well as ensuring a delighted customer. These processes are responsible for accepting and issuing orders. They deal with pre-order feasibility determination, credit authorization, order issuance, order status and tracking, customer update on customer order activities, and customer notification on order completion. Order management and provisioning applications fall into this category.   The key functionalities provided by these applications are   ·       Issuing new customer orders, modifying open customer orders, or canceling open customer orders; ·       Verifying whether specific non-standard offerings sought by customers are feasible and supportable; ·       Checking the credit worthiness of customers as part of the customer order process; ·       Testing the completed offering to ensure it is working correctly; ·       Updating of the Customer Inventory Database to reflect that the specific product offering has been allocated, modified, or cancelled; ·       Assigning and tracking customer provisioning activities; ·       Managing customer provisioning jeopardy conditions; and ·       Reporting progress on customer orders and other processes to customer.   These applications typically get orders from CRM systems. They interact with network elements and billing systems for fulfillment of orders.   5. Enterprise Management   This process area includes those processes that manage enterprise-wide activities and needs, or have application within the enterprise as a whole. They encompass all business management processes that   ·       Are necessary to support the whole of the enterprise, including processes for financial management, legal management, regulatory management, process, cost, and quality management, etc.;   ·       Are responsible for setting corporate policies, strategies, and directions, and for providing guidelines and targets for the whole of the business, including strategy development and planning for areas, such as Enterprise Architecture, that are integral to the direction and development of the business;   ·       Occur throughout the enterprise, including processes for project management, performance assessments, cost assessments, etc.     (i) Enterprise Risk Management:   Enterprise Risk Management focuses on assuring that risks and threats to the enterprise value and/or reputation are identified, and appropriate controls are in place to minimize or eliminate the identified risks. The identified risks may be physical or logical/virtual. Successful risk management ensures that the enterprise can support its mission critical operations, processes, applications, and communications in the face of serious incidents such as security threats/violations and fraud attempts. Two key areas covered in Risk Management by telecom operators are:   ·       Revenue Assurance: Revenue assurance system will be responsible for identifying revenue loss scenarios across components/systems, and will help in rectifying the problems. The following lists the high-level roles and responsibilities executed by the Revenue Assurance system in the end-to-end solution. o   Identify all usage information dropped when networks are being upgraded. o   Interconnect bill verification. o   Identify where services are routinely provisioned but never billed. o   Identify poor sales policies that are intensifying collections problems. o   Find leakage where usage is sent to error bucket and never billed for. o   Find leakage where field service, CRM, and network build-out are not optimized.   ·       Fraud Management: Involves collecting data from different systems to identify abnormalities in traffic patterns, usage patterns, and subscription patterns to report suspicious activity that might suggest fraudulent usage of resources, resulting in revenue losses to the operator.   The key roles and responsibilities of the system component are as follows:   o   Fraud management system will capture and monitor high usage (over a certain threshold) in terms of duration, value, and number of calls for each subscriber. The threshold for each subscriber is decided by the system and fixed automatically. o   Fraud management will be able to detect the unauthorized access to services for certain subscribers. These subscribers may have been provided unauthorized services by employees. The component will raise the alert to the operator the very first time of such illegal calls or calls which are not billed. o   The solution will be to have an alarm management system that will deliver alarms to the operator/provider whenever it detects a fraud, thus minimizing fraud by catching it the first time it occurs. o   The Fraud Management system will be capable of interfacing with switches, mediation systems, and billing systems   (ii) Knowledge Management   This process focuses on knowledge management, technology research within the enterprise, and the evaluation of potential technology acquisitions.   Key responsibilities of knowledge base management are to   ·       Maintain knowledge base – Creation and updating of knowledge base on ongoing basis. ·       Search knowledge base – Search of knowledge base on keywords or category browse ·       Maintain metadata – Management of metadata on knowledge base to ensure effective management and search. ·       Run report generator. ·       Provide content – Add content to the knowledge base, e.g., user guides, operational manual, etc.   (iii) Document Management   It focuses on maintaining a repository of all electronic documents or images of paper documents relevant to the enterprise using a system.   (iv) Data Management   It manages data as a valuable resource for any enterprise. For telecom enterprises, the typical areas covered are Master Data Management, Data Warehousing, and Business Intelligence. It is also responsible for data governance, security, quality, and database management.   Key responsibilities of Data Management are   ·       Using ETL, extract the data from CRM, Billing, web content, ERP, campaign management, financial, network operations, asset management info, customer contact data, customer measures, benchmarks, process data, e.g., process inputs, outputs, and measures, into Enterprise Data Warehouse. ·       Management of data traceability with source, data related business rules/decisions, data quality, data cleansing data reconciliation, competitors data – storage for all the enterprise data (customer profiles, products, offers, revenues, etc.) ·       Get online update through night time replication or physical backup process at regular frequency. ·       Provide the data access to business intelligence and other systems for their analysis, report generation, and use.   (v) Business Intelligence   It uses the Enterprise Data to provide the various analysis and reports that contain prospects and analytics for customer retention, acquisition of new customers due to the offers, and SLAs. It will generate right and optimized plans – bolt-ons for the customers.   The following lists the high-level roles and responsibilities executed by the Business Intelligence system at the Enterprise Level:   ·       It will do Pattern analysis and reports problem. ·       It will do Data Analysis – Statistical analysis, data profiling, affinity analysis of data, customer segment wise usage patterns on offers, products, service and revenue generation against services and customer segments. ·       It will do Performance (business, system, and forecast) analysis, churn propensity, response time, and SLAs analysis. ·       It will support for online and offline analysis, and report drill down capability. ·       It will collect, store, and report various SLA data. ·       It will provide the necessary intelligence for marketing and working on campaigns, etc., with cost benefit analysis and predictions.   It will advise on customer promotions with additional services based on loyalty and credit history of customer   ·       It will Interface with Enterprise Data Management system for data to run reports and analysis tasks. It will interface with the campaign schedules, based on historical success evidence.   (vi) Stakeholder and External Relations Management   It manages the enterprise's relationship with stakeholders and outside entities. Stakeholders include shareholders, employee organizations, etc. Outside entities include regulators, local community, and unions. Some of the processes within this grouping are Shareholder Relations, External Affairs, Labor Relations, and Public Relations.   (vii) Enterprise Resource Planning   It is used to manage internal and external resources, including tangible assets, financial resources, materials, and human resources. Its purpose is to facilitate the flow of information between all business functions inside the boundaries of the enterprise and manage the connections to outside stakeholders. ERP systems consolidate all business operations into a uniform and enterprise wide system environment.   The key roles and responsibilities for Enterprise System are given below:   ·        It will handle responsibilities such as core accounting, financial, and management reporting. ·       It will interface with CRM for capturing customer account and details. ·       It will interface with billing to capture the billing revenue and other financial data. ·       It will be responsible for executing the dunning process. Billing will send the required feed to ERP for execution of dunning. ·       It will interface with the CRM and Billing through batch interfaces. Enterprise management systems are like horizontals in the enterprise and typically interact with all major telecom systems. E.g., an ERP system interacts with CRM, Fulfillment, and Billing systems for different kinds of data exchanges.   6. External Interfaces/Touch Points   The typical external parties are customers, suppliers/partners, employees, shareholders, and other stakeholders. External interactions from/to a Service Provider to other parties can be achieved by a variety of mechanisms, including:   ·       Exchange of emails or faxes ·       Call Centers ·       Web Portals ·       Business-to-Business (B2B) automated transactions   These applications provide an Internet technology driven interface to external parties to undertake a variety of business functions directly for themselves. These can provide fully or partially automated service to external parties through various touch points.   Typical characteristics of these touch points are   ·       Pre-integrated self-service system, including stand-alone web framework or integration front end with a portal engine ·       Self services layer exposing atomic web services/APIs for reuse by multiple systems across the architectural environment ·       Portlets driven connectivity exposing data and services interoperability through a portal engine or web application   These touch points mostly interact with the CRM systems for requests, inquiries, and responses.   7. Middleware   The component will be primarily responsible for integrating the different systems components under a common platform. It should provide a Standards-Based Platform for building Service Oriented Architecture and Composite Applications. The following lists the high-level roles and responsibilities executed by the Middleware component in the end-to-end solution.   ·       As an integration framework, covering to and fro interfaces ·       Provide a web service framework with service registry. ·       Support SOA framework with SOA service registry. ·       Each of the interfaces from / to Middleware to other components would handle data transformation, translation, and mapping of data points. ·       Receive data from the caller / activate and/or forward the data to the recipient system in XML format. ·       Use standard XML for data exchange. ·       Provide the response back to the service/call initiator. ·       Provide a tracking until the response completion. ·       Keep a store transitional data against each call/transaction. ·       Interface through Middleware to get any information that is possible and allowed from the existing systems to enterprise systems; e.g., customer profile and customer history, etc. ·       Provide the data in a common unified format to the SOA calls across systems, and follow the Enterprise Architecture directive. ·       Provide an audit trail for all transactions being handled by the component.   8. Network Elements   The term Network Element means a facility or equipment used in the provision of a telecommunications service. Such terms also includes features, functions, and capabilities that are provided by means of such facility or equipment, including subscriber numbers, databases, signaling systems, and information sufficient for billing and collection or used in the transmission, routing, or other provision of a telecommunications service.   Typical network elements in a GSM network are Home Location Register (HLR), Intelligent Network (IN), Mobile Switching Center (MSC), SMS Center (SMSC), and network elements for other value added services like Push-to-talk (PTT), Ring Back Tone (RBT), etc.   Network elements are invoked when subscribers use their telecom devices for any kind of usage. These elements generate usage data and pass it on to downstream systems like mediation and billing system for rating and billing. They also integrate with provisioning systems for order/service fulfillment.   9. 3rd Party Applications   3rd Party systems are applications like content providers, payment gateways, point of sale terminals, and databases/applications maintained by the Government.   Depending on applicability and the type of functionality provided by 3rd party applications, the integration with different telecom systems like CRM, provisioning, and billing will be done.   10. Service Delivery Platform   A service delivery platform (SDP) provides the architecture for the rapid deployment, provisioning, execution, management, and billing of value added telecom services. SDPs are based on the concept of SOA and layered architecture. They support the delivery of voice, data services, and content in network and device-independent fashion. They allow application developers to aggregate network capabilities, services, and sources of content. SDPs typically contain layers for web services exposure, service application development, and network abstraction.   SOA Reference Architecture   SOA concept is based on the principle of developing reusable business service and building applications by composing those services, instead of building monolithic applications in silos. It’s about bridging the gap between business and IT through a set of business-aligned IT services, using a set of design principles, patterns, and techniques.   In an SOA, resources are made available to participants in a value net, enterprise, line of business (typically spanning multiple applications within an enterprise or across multiple enterprises). It consists of a set of business-aligned IT services that collectively fulfill an organization’s business processes and goals. We can choreograph these services into composite applications and invoke them through standard protocols. SOA, apart from agility and reusability, enables:   ·       The business to specify processes as orchestrations of reusable services ·       Technology agnostic business design, with technology hidden behind service interface ·       A contractual-like interaction between business and IT, based on service SLAs ·       Accountability and governance, better aligned to business services ·       Applications interconnections untangling by allowing access only through service interfaces, reducing the daunting side effects of change ·       Reduced pressure to replace legacy and extended lifetime for legacy applications, through encapsulation in services   ·       A Cloud Computing paradigm, using web services technologies, that makes possible service outsourcing on an on-demand, utility-like, pay-per-usage basis   The following section represents the Reference Architecture of logical view for the Telecom Solution. The new custom built application needs to align with this logical architecture in the long run to achieve EA benefits.   Packaged implementation applications, such as ERP billing applications, need to expose their functions as service providers (as other applications consume) and interact with other applications as service consumers.   COT applications need to expose services through wrappers such as adapters to utilize existing resources and at the same time achieve Enterprise Architecture goal and objectives.   The following are the various layers for Enterprise level deployment of SOA. This diagram captures the abstract view of Enterprise SOA layers and important components of each layer. Layered architecture means decomposition of services such that most interactions occur between adjacent layers. However, there is no strict rule that top layers should not directly communicate with bottom layers.   The diagram below represents the important logical pieces that would result from overall SOA transformation. @font-face { font-family: "Arial"; }@font-face { font-family: "Courier New"; }@font-face { font-family: "Wingdings"; }@font-face { font-family: "Cambria"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoCaption, li.MsoCaption, div.MsoCaption { margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; font-size: 9pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: rgb(79, 129, 189); font-weight: bold; }p.MsoListParagraph, li.MsoListParagraph, div.MsoListParagraph { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; }ol { margin-bottom: 0cm; }ul { margin-bottom: 0cm; } Figure 3. Enterprise SOA Reference Architecture 1.          Operational System Layer: This layer consists of all packaged applications like CRM, ERP, custom built applications, COTS based applications like Billing, Revenue Management, Fulfilment, and the Enterprise databases that are essential and contribute directly or indirectly to the Enterprise OSS/BSS Transformation.   ERP holds the data of Asset Lifecycle Management, Supply Chain, and Advanced Procurement and Human Capital Management, etc.   CRM holds the data related to Order, Sales, and Marketing, Customer Care, Partner Relationship Management, Loyalty, etc.   Content Management handles Enterprise Search and Query. Billing application consists of the following components:   ·       Collections Management, Customer Billing Management, Invoices, Real-Time Rating, Discounting, and Applying of Charges ·       Enterprise databases will hold both the application and service data, whether structured or unstructured.   MDM - Master data majorly consists of Customer, Order, Product, and Service Data.     2.          Enterprise Component Layer:   This layer consists of the Application Services and Common Services that are responsible for realizing the functionality and maintaining the QoS of the exposed services. This layer uses container-based technologies such as application servers to implement the components, workload management, high availability, and load balancing.   Application Services: This Service Layer enables application, technology, and database abstraction so that the complex accessing logic is hidden from the other service layers. This is a basic service layer, which exposes application functionalities and data as reusable services. The three types of the Application access services are:   ·       Application Access Service: This Service Layer exposes application level functionalities as a reusable service between BSS to BSS and BSS to OSS integration. This layer is enabled using disparate technology such as Web Service, Integration Servers, and Adaptors, etc.   ·       Data Access Service: This Service Layer exposes application data services as a reusable reference data service. This is done via direct interaction with application data. and provides the federated query.   ·       Network Access Service: This Service Layer exposes provisioning layer as a reusable service from OSS to OSS integration. This integration service emphasizes the need for high performance, stateless process flows, and distributed design.   Common Services encompasses management of structured, semi-structured, and unstructured data such as information services, portal services, interaction services, infrastructure services, and security services, etc.   3.          Integration Layer:   This consists of service infrastructure components like service bus, service gateway for partner integration, service registry, service repository, and BPEL processor. Service bus will carry the service invocation payloads/messages between consumers and providers. The other important functions expected from it are itinerary based routing, distributed caching of routing information, transformations, and all qualities of service for messaging-like reliability, scalability, and availability, etc. Service registry will hold all contracts (wsdl) of services, and it helps developers to locate or discover service during design time or runtime.   • BPEL processor would be useful in orchestrating the services to compose a complex business scenario or process. • Workflow and business rules management are also required to support manual triggering of certain activities within business process. based on the rules setup and also the state machine information. Application, data, and service mediation layer typically forms the overall composite application development framework or SOA Framework.   4.          Business Process Layer: These are typically the intermediate services layer and represent Shared Business Process Services. At Enterprise Level, these services are from Customer Management, Order Management, Billing, Finance, and Asset Management application domains.   5.          Access Layer: This layer consists of portals for Enterprise and provides a single view of Enterprise information management and dashboard services.   6.          Channel Layer: This consists of various devices; applications that form part of extended enterprise; browsers through which users access the applications.   7.          Client Layer: This designates the different types of users accessing the enterprise applications. The type of user typically would be an important factor in determining the level of access to applications.   8.          Vertical pieces like management, monitoring, security, and development cut across all horizontal layers Management and monitoring involves all aspects of SOA-like services, SLAs, and other QoS lifecycle processes for both applications and services surrounding SOA governance.     9.          EA Governance, Reference Architecture, Roadmap, Principles, and Best Practices:   EA Governance is important in terms of providing the overall direction to SOA implementation within the enterprise. This involves board-level involvement, in addition to business and IT executives. At a high level, this involves managing the SOA projects implementation, managing SOA infrastructure, and controlling the entire effort through all fine-tuned IT processes in accordance with COBIT (Control Objectives for Information Technology).   Devising tools and techniques to promote reuse culture, and the SOA way of doing things needs competency centers to be established in addition to training the workforce to take up new roles that are suited to SOA journey.   Conclusions   Reference Architectures can serve as the basis for disparate architecture efforts throughout the organization, even if they use different tools and technologies. Reference architectures provide best practices and approaches in the independent way a vendor deals with technology and standards. Reference Architectures model the abstract architectural elements for an enterprise independent of the technologies, protocols, and products that are used to implement an SOA. Telecom enterprises today are facing significant business and technology challenges due to growing competition, a multitude of services, and convergence. Adopting architectural best practices could go a long way in meeting these challenges. The use of SOA-based architecture for communication to each of the external systems like Billing, CRM, etc., in OSS/BSS system has made the architecture very loosely coupled, with greater flexibility. Any change in the external systems would be absorbed at the Integration Layer without affecting the rest of the ecosystem. The use of a Business Process Management (BPM) tool makes the management and maintenance of the business processes easy, with better performance in terms of lead time, quality, and cost. Since the Architecture is based on standards, it will lower the cost of deploying and managing OSS/BSS applications over their lifecycles.

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