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• in sending with name using ? (counting), how does the process happen? [closed]

  - by sam

  Sometimes expressions has two states. the result of analyses might be two different things but at the end, there might be the same answer(result) for them.(the way we get to the answer is different,but the result is the same) for example: P-Q = M P-T = M in lambda we have two solutions. 1.sending with name. (in ALGOL it have over load) 2.sending with value Example: Q: (?y.(yy) (?x.(xx)a)) 1.sending with name (?x.(xx)a ?x.(xx)a) ((aa)(aa)) 2.sending with value (?y.(yy) aa) ((aa)(aa)) now here is the question, in sending with name that used ? (counting), how does the process happen? How this sending (transmittal) happen? How does it work?

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• Help with Hibernate mapping

  - by GigaPr

  Hi i have the following classes public class RSS { private Integer id; private String title; private String description; private String link; private Date dateCreated; private Collection rssItems; private String url; private String language; private String rating; private Date pubDate; private Date lastBuildDate; private User user; private Date dateModified; public RSS() { } public Integer getId() { return id; } public void setId(Integer id) { this.id = id; } public String getTitle() { return title; } public void setTitle(String title) { this.title = title; } public void setDescription(String description){ this.description = description; } public String getDescription(){ return this.description; } public void setLink(String link){ this.link = link; } public String getLink(){ return this.link; } public void setUrl(String url){ this.url = url; } public String getUrl(){ return this.url; } public void setLanguage(String language){ this.language = language; } public String getLanguage(){ return this.language; } public void setRating(String rating){ this.rating = rating; } public String getRating(){ return this.rating; } public Date getPubDate() { return pubDate; } public void setPubDate(Date pubDate) { this.pubDate = pubDate; } public Date getLastBuildDate() { return lastBuildDate; } public void setLastBuildDate(Date lastBuildDate) { this.lastBuildDate = lastBuildDate; } public Date getDateModified() { return dateModified; } public void setDateModified(Date dateModified) { this.dateModified = dateModified; } public Date getDateCreated() { return dateCreated; } public void setDateCreated(Date dateCreated) { this.dateCreated = dateCreated; } public Collection getRssItems() { return rssItems; } public void setRssItems(Collection rssItems) { this.rssItems = rssItems; } } public class RSSItem { private RSS rss; private Integer id; private String title; private String description; private String link; private Date dateCreated; private Date dateModified; private int rss_id; public RSSItem() {} public Integer getId() { return id; } public void setId(Integer id) { this.id = id; } public String getTitle() { return title; } public void setTitle(String title) { this.title = title; } public String getDescription() { return description; } public void setDescription(String description) { this.description = description; } public String getLink() { return link; } public void setLink(String link) { this.link = link; } public Date getDateCreated() { return dateCreated; } public void setDateCreated(Date dateCreated) { this.dateCreated = dateCreated; } public Date getDateModified() { return dateModified; } public void setDateModified(Date dateModified) { this.dateModified = dateModified; } public RSS getRss() { return rss; } public void setRss(RSS rss) { this.rss = rss; } } that i mapped as <hibernate-mapping> <class name="com.rssFeed.domain.RSS" schema="PUBLIC" table="RSS"> <id name="id" type="int"> <column name="ID"/> <generator class="native"/> </id> <property name="title" type="string"> <column name="TITLE" not-null="true"/> </property> <property name="lastBuildDate" type="java.util.Date"> <column name="LASTBUILDDATE"/> </property> <property name="pubDate" type="java.util.Date"> <column name="PUBDATE" /> </property> <property name="dateCreated" type="java.util.Date"> <column name="DATECREATED" not-null="true"/> </property> <property name="dateModified" type="java.util.Date"> <column name="DATEMODIFIED" not-null="true"/> </property> <property name="description" type="string"> <column name="DESCRIPTION" not-null="true"/> </property> <property name="link" type="string"> <column name="LINK" not-null="true"/> </property> <property name="url" type="string"> <column name="URL" not-null="true"/> </property> <property name="language" type="string"> <column name="LANGUAGE" not-null="true"/> </property> <property name="rating" type="string"> <column name="RATING"/> </property> <set inverse="true" lazy="false" name="rssItems"> <key> <column name="RSS_ID"/> </key> <one-to-many class="com.rssFeed.domain.RSSItem"/> </set> </class> </hibernate-mapping> <hibernate-mapping> <class name="com.rssFeed.domain.RSSItem" schema="PUBLIC" table="RSSItem"> <id name="id" type="int"> <column name="ID"/> <generator class="native"/> </id> <property name="title" type="string"> <column name="TITLE" not-null="true"/> </property> <property name="description" type="string"> <column name="DESCRIPTION" not-null="true"/> </property> <property name="link" type="string"> <column name="LINK" not-null="true"/> </property> <property name="dateCreated" type="java.util.Date"> <column name="DATECREATED"/> </property> <property name="dateModified" type="java.util.Date"> <column name="DATEMODIFIED"/> </property> <many-to-one class="com.rssFeed.domain.RSS" fetch="select" name="rss"> <column name="RSS_ID"/> </many-to-one> </class> </hibernate-mapping> But when i try to fetch an RSS I get the following error Exception occurred in target VM: failed to lazily initialize a collection of role: com.rssFeed.domain.RSS.rssItems, no session or session was closed org.hibernate.LazyInitializationException: failed to lazily initialize a collection of role: com.rssFeed.domain.RSS.rssItems, no session or session was closed at org.hibernate.collection.AbstractPersistentCollection.throwLazyInitializationException(AbstractPersistentCollection.java:358) at org.hibernate.collection.AbstractPersistentCollection.throwLazyInitializationExceptionIfNotConnected(AbstractPersistentCollection.java:350) at org.hibernate.collection.AbstractPersistentCollection.readSize(AbstractPersistentCollection.java:97) at org.hibernate.collection.PersistentSet.size(PersistentSet.java:139) at com.rssFeed.dao.hibernate.HibernateRssDao.get(HibernateRssDao.java:47) at com.rssFeed.ServiceImplementation.RssServiceImplementation.get(RssServiceImplementation.java:46) at com.rssFeed.mvc.ViewRssController.handleRequest(ViewRssController.java:20) at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter.handle(SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter.java:48) at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doDispatch(DispatcherServlet.java:875) at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doService(DispatcherServlet.java:809) at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:476) at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doGet(FrameworkServlet.java:431) at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:734) at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:847) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.service(StandardWrapper.java:1523) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:279) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:188) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardPipeline.invoke(StandardPipeline.java:641) at com.sun.enterprise.web.WebPipeline.invoke(WebPipeline.java:97) at com.sun.enterprise.web.PESessionLockingStandardPipeline.invoke(PESessionLockingStandardPipeline.java:85) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:185) at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.doService(CoyoteAdapter.java:332) at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:233) at com.sun.enterprise.v3.services.impl.ContainerMapper.service(ContainerMapper.java:165) at com.sun.grizzly.http.ProcessorTask.invokeAdapter(ProcessorTask.java:791) at com.sun.grizzly.http.ProcessorTask.doProcess(ProcessorTask.java:693) at com.sun.grizzly.http.ProcessorTask.process(ProcessorTask.java:954) at com.sun.grizzly.http.DefaultProtocolFilter.execute(DefaultProtocolFilter.java:170) at com.sun.grizzly.DefaultProtocolChain.executeProtocolFilter(DefaultProtocolChain.java:135) at com.sun.grizzly.DefaultProtocolChain.execute(DefaultProtocolChain.java:102) at com.sun.grizzly.DefaultProtocolChain.execute(DefaultProtocolChain.java:88) at com.sun.grizzly.http.HttpProtocolChain.execute(HttpProtocolChain.java:76) at com.sun.grizzly.ProtocolChainContextTask.doCall(ProtocolChainContextTask.java:53) at com.sun.grizzly.SelectionKeyContextTask.call(SelectionKeyContextTask.java:57) at com.sun.grizzly.ContextTask.run(ContextTask.java:69) at com.sun.grizzly.util.AbstractThreadPool$Worker.doWork(AbstractThreadPool.java:330) at com.sun.grizzly.util.AbstractThreadPool$Worker.run(AbstractThreadPool.java:309) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:619) < what does it mean? Thanks

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• Cannot connect to local network shares when connected to VPN. Error: "the user name could not be found"

  - by Nick G

  I keep finding that on our small company LAN (7 users, 3 servers) that some servers keep becoming "not accessible" for the purposes of file sharing. They display the message "\SERVER is not accessible. You might not have permission to use this network resource. The user name could not be found". But I don't know why "the user name could not be found" as all the machines are on the same domain and the PDC and BDC seem to be behaving OK. EDIT: VPN seems to be the cause: It turns out I can see the server if I use the IP address (\\1.2.3.4\ etc) or the FQ active directory name (eg \server.domainname.local) but not if I use the server name on its own or a mapped network drive originally created from the "short" name. Oddly though, my machine has no issue resolving the server's DNS name as I can ping the machine name OK and it immediately comes back with the IP, however nslookup seems to fail. It seems to be a problem with how Windows looks up machine names when connected to VPNs. When I'm connected to a VPN, windows seems to use the DNS assocated with the VPN and not the one on the domain controller. This behavior to me, seems incorrect as surely that would mean connecting to any VPN would break any ability to lookup local machine names for servers and printers etc. So I guess the real question now is, how can I make my machine still search the local Active Directory DNS (the PDC) even when connected to a VPN? More info in my comments below.

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• INDY WebService over SSL contains link with HTTP protocol instead of HTTPS in WSDL

  - by user1437820

  When creating new SOAP WebService server project using Delphi XE2 the wizard allows to set change port and HTTPS properties. Port is set to 443, HTTPS flag is checked, but when trying to connect to created server it returns incorrect transport (HTTP instead of HTTPS) in WSDL and generates HTTP links on the Service Info Page. The auto-generated page is not so important, but wrong information in WSDL file is a problem. Below you can see the returned WSDL - there are no HTTPS: <?xml version="1.0"?> <definitions xmlns="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="Itest123service" targetNamespace="http://tempuri.org/" xmlns:tns="http://tempuri.org/" xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/soap/" xmlns:soapenc="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" xmlns:mime="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/mime/" xmlns:ns1="urn:test123Intf"> <types> <schema xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" targetNamespace="urn:test123Intf"> <simpleType name="TEnumTest"> <restriction base="string"> <enumeration value="etNone"/> <enumeration value="etAFew"/> <enumeration value="etSome"/> <enumeration value="etAlot"/> </restriction> </simpleType> <complexType name="TDoubleArray"> <complexContent> <restriction base="soapenc:Array"> <sequence/> <attribute ref="soapenc:arrayType" n1:arrayType="xs:double[]" xmlns:n1="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"/> </restriction> </complexContent> </complexType> <complexType name="TMyEmployee"> <sequence> <element name="LastName" type="xs:string"/> <element name="FirstName" type="xs:string"/> <element name="Salary" type="xs:double"/> </sequence> </complexType> </schema> </types> <message name="echoEnum0Request"> <part name="Value" type="ns1:TEnumTest"/> </message> <message name="echoEnum0Response"> <part name="return" type="ns1:TEnumTest"/> </message> <message name="echoDoubleArray1Request"> <part name="Value" type="ns1:TDoubleArray"/> </message> <message name="echoDoubleArray1Response"> <part name="return" type="ns1:TDoubleArray"/> </message> <message name="echoMyEmployee2Request"> <part name="Value" type="ns1:TMyEmployee"/> </message> <message name="echoMyEmployee2Response"> <part name="return" type="ns1:TMyEmployee"/> </message> <message name="echoDouble3Request"> <part name="Value" type="xs:double"/> </message> <message name="echoDouble3Response"> <part name="return" type="xs:double"/> </message> <portType name="Itest123"> <operation name="echoEnum"> <input message="tns:echoEnum0Request"/> <output message="tns:echoEnum0Response"/> </operation> <operation name="echoDoubleArray"> <input message="tns:echoDoubleArray1Request"/> <output message="tns:echoDoubleArray1Response"/> </operation> <operation name="echoMyEmployee"> <input message="tns:echoMyEmployee2Request"/> <output message="tns:echoMyEmployee2Response"/> </operation> <operation name="echoDouble"> <input message="tns:echoDouble3Request"/> <output message="tns:echoDouble3Response"/> </operation> </portType> <binding name="Itest123binding" type="tns:Itest123"> <binding xmlns="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/soap/" style="rpc" transport="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/http"/> <operation name="echoEnum"> <operation xmlns="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/soap/" soapAction="urn:test123Intf-Itest123#echoEnum" style="rpc"/> <input> <body xmlns="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/soap/" use="encoded" encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" namespace="urn:test123Intf-Itest123"/> </input> <output> <body xmlns="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/soap/" use="encoded" encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" namespace="urn:test123Intf-Itest123"/> </output> </operation> <operation name="echoDoubleArray"> <operation xmlns="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/soap/" soapAction="urn:test123Intf-Itest123#echoDoubleArray" style="rpc"/> <input> <body xmlns="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/soap/" use="encoded" encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" namespace="urn:test123Intf-Itest123"/> </input> <output> <body xmlns="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/soap/" use="encoded" encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" namespace="urn:test123Intf-Itest123"/> </output> </operation> <operation name="echoMyEmployee"> <operation xmlns="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/soap/" soapAction="urn:test123Intf-Itest123#echoMyEmployee" style="rpc"/> <input> <body xmlns="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/soap/" use="encoded" encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" namespace="urn:test123Intf-Itest123"/> </input> <output> <body xmlns="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/soap/" use="encoded" encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" namespace="urn:test123Intf-Itest123"/> </output> </operation> <operation name="echoDouble"> <operation xmlns="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/soap/" soapAction="urn:test123Intf-Itest123#echoDouble" style="rpc"/> <input> <body xmlns="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/soap/" use="encoded" encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" namespace="urn:test123Intf-Itest123"/> </input> <output> <body xmlns="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/soap/" use="encoded" encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" namespace="urn:test123Intf-Itest123"/> </output> </operation> </binding> <service name="Itest123service"> <port name="Itest123Port" binding="tns:Itest123binding"> <address xmlns="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/soap/" location="http://localhost:443/soap/Itest123"/> </port> </service> </definitions> When I'm trying to import WSDL to soapUI tool to check WebService work I need to change manually binding link to "https://" and only then RPCs will work. I will be very grateful for any idea how to force INDY to return links in WSDL with HTTPS protocol. Thanks in advance!

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• xs:choice unbounded list

  - by Matt

  I want to define an XSD schema for an XML document, example below: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <view xmlns="http://localhost/model_data" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://localhost/model_data XMLSchemaView.xsd" path="wibble" id="wibble"> <text name="PageTitle">Homepage</text> <text name="Keywords">home foo bar</text> <image name="MainImage"> <description>lolem ipsum</description> <title>i haz it</title> <url>/images/main-image.jpg</url> <type>image/jpeg</type> <alt>alt text for image</alt> <width>400</width> <height>300</height> </image> <link name="TermsAndConditionsLink"> <url>/tnc.html</url> <title>Terms and Conditions</title> <target>_blank</target> </link> </view> There's a view root element and then an unknown number of field elements (of various types). I'm using the following XSD schema: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns="http://localhost/model_data" targetNamespace="http://localhost/model_data" id="XMLSchema1"> <xs:element name="text" type="text_field"/> <xs:element name="view" type="model_data"/> <xs:complexType name="model_data"> <xs:choice maxOccurs="unbounded"> <xs:element name="text" type="text_field"/> <xs:element name="image" type="image_field"/> <xs:element name="link" type="link_field"/> </xs:choice> <xs:attribute name="path" type="xs:string"/> <xs:attribute name="id" type="xs:string"/> </xs:complexType> <xs:complexType name="image_field"> <xs:all> <xs:element name="description" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="title" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="type" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="url" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="alt" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="height" type="xs:int"/> <xs:element name="width" type="xs:int"/> </xs:all> <xs:attribute name="name" type="xs:string"/> </xs:complexType> <xs:complexType name="text_field"> <xs:simpleContent> <xs:extension base="xs:string"> <xs:attribute name="name" type="xs:string"/> </xs:extension> </xs:simpleContent> </xs:complexType> <xs:complexType name="link_field"> <xs:all> <xs:element name="target" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="title" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="url" type="xs:string"/> </xs:all> <xs:attribute name="name" type="xs:string"/> </xs:complexType> </xs:schema> This looks like it should work to me, but it doesn't and I always get the following error: Element <text> is not allowed under element <view>. Reason: The following elements are expected at this location (see below) <text> <image> <link> Error location: view / text Details cvc-model-group: Element <text> unexpected by type 'model_data' of element <view>. cvc-elt.5.2.1: The element <view> is not valid with respect to the actual type definition 'model_data'. I've never really used XSD schemas before, so I'd really appreciate it if someone could point out where I'm going wrong.

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• Ado.Net Entity produces "namespace cannot be found"

  - by Dave

  I've seen several possible solutions to this, but none have worked for me. After adding a ADO.NET Entity Data Model to my .Net Forms C# web project, I am unable to use it. Perhaps I made a mistake adding it? The name of the file added is QcFormData.edmx. In my code, perhaps I'm instantiating it incorrectly? I tried adding the line: QcFormDataContainer db = new QcFormDataContainer(); It appears in Intellisense, but when compiling I get the error : Error 13 The type or namespace name 'QcFormDataContainer' could not be found (are you missing a using directive or an assembly reference?) I've followed the suggestions that I found online that did not help: 1) made sure there is "using System.Data.Entity" 2) made sure the dll exists. 3) made sure the reference exists. 4) one post said use using System.Web.Data.Entity; but I do not see that available. What am I missing? QcFormData.edmx <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <edmx:Edmx Version="3.0" xmlns:edmx="http://schemas.microsoft.com/ado/2009/11/edmx"> <!-- EF Runtime content --> <edmx:Runtime> <!-- SSDL content --> <edmx:StorageModels> <Schema Namespace="MyCocoModel.Store" Alias="Self" Provider="System.Data.SqlClient" ProviderManifestToken="2008" xmlns:store="http://schemas.microsoft.com/ado/2007/12/edm/EntityStoreSchemaGenerator" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/ado/2009/11/edm/ssdl"> <EntityContainer Name="MyCocoModelStoreContainer"> <EntitySet Name="QcFieldValues" EntityType="MyCocoModel.Store.QcFieldValues" store:Type="Tables" Schema="dbo" /> </EntityContainer> <EntityType Name="QcFieldValues"> <Key> <PropertyRef Name="ID" /> </Key> <Property Name="ID" Type="int" Nullable="false" StoreGeneratedPattern="Identity" /> <Property Name="FieldID" Type="nvarchar" MaxLength="100" /> <Property Name="FieldValue" Type="nvarchar" MaxLength="100" /> <Property Name="DateTimeAdded" Type="datetime" /> <Property Name="OrderReserveNumber" Type="nvarchar" MaxLength="50" /> </EntityType> </Schema> </edmx:StorageModels> <!-- CSDL content --> <edmx:ConceptualModels> <Schema Namespace="MyCocoModel" Alias="Self" p1:UseStrongSpatialTypes="false" xmlns:annotation="http://schemas.microsoft.com/ado/2009/02/edm/annotation" xmlns:p1="http://schemas.microsoft.com/ado/2009/02/edm/annotation" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/ado/2009/11/edm"> <EntityContainer Name="MyCocoEntities" p1:LazyLoadingEnabled="true"> <EntitySet Name="QcFieldValues" EntityType="MyCocoModel.QcFieldValue" /> </EntityContainer> <EntityType Name="QcFieldValue"> <Key> <PropertyRef Name="ID" /> </Key> <Property Name="ID" Type="Int32" Nullable="false" p1:StoreGeneratedPattern="Identity" /> <Property Name="FieldID" Type="String" MaxLength="100" Unicode="true" FixedLength="false" /> <Property Name="FieldValue" Type="String" MaxLength="100" Unicode="true" FixedLength="false" /> <Property Name="DateTimeAdded" Type="DateTime" Precision="3" /> <Property Name="OrderReserveNumber" Type="String" MaxLength="50" Unicode="true" FixedLength="false" /> </EntityType> </Schema> </edmx:ConceptualModels> <!-- C-S mapping content --> <edmx:Mappings> <Mapping Space="C-S" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/ado/2009/11/mapping/cs"> <EntityContainerMapping StorageEntityContainer="MyCocoModelStoreContainer" CdmEntityContainer="MyCocoEntities"> <EntitySetMapping Name="QcFieldValues"> <EntityTypeMapping TypeName="MyCocoModel.QcFieldValue"> <MappingFragment StoreEntitySet="QcFieldValues"> <ScalarProperty Name="ID" ColumnName="ID" /> <ScalarProperty Name="FieldID" ColumnName="FieldID" /> <ScalarProperty Name="FieldValue" ColumnName="FieldValue" /> <ScalarProperty Name="DateTimeAdded" ColumnName="DateTimeAdded" /> <ScalarProperty Name="OrderReserveNumber" ColumnName="OrderReserveNumber" /> </MappingFragment> </EntityTypeMapping> </EntitySetMapping> </EntityContainerMapping> </Mapping> </edmx:Mappings> </edmx:Runtime> <!-- EF Designer content (DO NOT EDIT MANUALLY BELOW HERE) --> <Designer xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/ado/2009/11/edmx"> <Connection> <DesignerInfoPropertySet> <DesignerProperty Name="MetadataArtifactProcessing" Value="EmbedInOutputAssembly" /> </DesignerInfoPropertySet> </Connection> <Options> <DesignerInfoPropertySet> <DesignerProperty Name="ValidateOnBuild" Value="true" /> <DesignerProperty Name="EnablePluralization" Value="True" /> <DesignerProperty Name="IncludeForeignKeysInModel" Value="True" /> <DesignerProperty Name="CodeGenerationStrategy" Value="None" /> </DesignerInfoPropertySet> </Options> <!-- Diagram content (shape and connector positions) --> <Diagrams></Diagrams> </Designer> </edmx:Edmx>

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• hyper-v fails when attaching more disk to VM. The VM won't start and generates an error

  - by CasperDK

  I'm lost at what to do about this: Hi... System: Windows 2008 R2 Hyper-V farm running with failover cluster with a EVA 4400 as backend. When I attach a new disk to a VM it fails when I try to start it. If I move the VM to another, say node 1, I can add the disk and I can get them to start. If I move the VM back to node 2 where the problem arose and the VM is running, I get an error during live migration and the VM fails back to node1 where it did run... So it's like there is something wrong with Hyper-V on node 2 and not node 1. Also node 3 has the same issue. Restarting the nodes is NOT an option since I will have this problem again at a later time AND because not all the VMs can run on node 1 which means my client company will experience downtime on the VMs not running on node 1. Any fix for this? An update I have missed perhaps? It has been two years... Here are the errors: An error ocurred while attempting to change the state of virtual machine XXX. 'XXX' failed to start. Microsoft Emulated IDE Controller (Instance ID {83F8638B-8DCA-4152-9EDA-2CA8B33039B4}): Failed to power on with Error 'A device attached to the system is not functioning.' Failed to open attachment 'X:\XXX.vhd'. Error: 'A device attached to the system is not functioning.' Failed to open attachment 'X:\XXX.vhd'. Error: 'A device attached to the system is not functioning.' 'XXX' failed to start. (Virtual machine 36563C78-65B5-4C40-A52D-689BB39E8B08) Microsoft Emulated IDE Controller (Instance ID {83F8638B-8DCA-4152-9EDA-2CA8B33039B4}): Failed to power on with Error 'A device attached to the system is not functioning.' (0x8007001F). (Virtual machine 36563C78-65B5-4C40-A52D-689BB39E8B08) 'XXX': Failed to open attachment 'X:\XXX.vhd'. Error: 'A device attached to the system is not functioning.' (0x8007001F). (Virtual machine 36563C78-65B5-4C40-A52D-689BB39E8B08) 'XXX': Failed to open attachment 'X:\XXX.vhd'. Error: 'A device attached to the system is not functioning.' (0x8007001F). (Virtual machine 36563C78-65B5-4C40-A52D-689BB39E8B08) An error ocurred while attempting to change the state of virtual machine XXX. 'XXX' failed to start. Microsoft Emulated IDE Controller (Instance ID {83F8638B-8DCA-4152-9EDA-2CA8B33039B4}): Failed to power on with Error 'A device attached to the system is not functioning.' Failed to open attachment 'X:\XXX.vhd'. Error: 'A device attached to the system is not functioning.' Failed to open attachment 'X:\XXX.vhd'. Error: 'A device attached to the system is not functioning.' 'XXX' failed to start. (Virtual machine 36563C78-65B5-4C40-A52D-689BB39E8B08) Microsoft Emulated IDE Controller (Instance ID {83F8638B-8DCA-4152-9EDA-2CA8B33039B4}): Failed to power on with Error 'A device attached to the system is not functioning.' (0x8007001F). (Virtual machine 36563C78-65B5-4C40-A52D-689BB39E8B08) 'XXX': Failed to open attachment 'X:\XXX.vhd'. Error: 'A device attached to the system is not functioning.' (0x8007001F). (Virtual machine 36563C78-65B5-4C40-A52D-689BB39E8B08) 'XXX': Failed to open attachment 'X:\XXX.vhd'. Error: 'A device attached to the system is not functioning.' (0x8007001F). (Virtual machine 36563C78-65B5-4C40-A52D-689BB39E8B08) An error ocurred while attempting to change the state of virtual machine XXX. 'XXX' failed to start. Microsoft Emulated IDE Controller (Instance ID {83F8638B-8DCA-4152-9EDA-2CA8B33039B4}): Failed to power on with Error 'A device attached to the system is not functioning.' Failed to open attachment 'c:\clusterstorage/volume1/XXX.vhd'. Error: 'A device attached to the system is not functioning.' Failed to open attachment 'c:\clusterstorage/volume1\XXX.vhd'. Error: 'A device attached to the system is not functioning.' 'XXX' failed to start. (Virtual machine 36563C78-65B5-4C40-A52D-689BB39E8B08) Microsoft Emulated IDE Controller (Instance ID {83F8638B-8DCA-4152-9EDA-2CA8B33039B4}): Failed to power on with Error 'A device attached to the system is not functioning.' (0x8007001F). (Virtual machine 36563C78-65B5-4C40-A52D-689BB39E8B08) 'XXX': Failed to open attachment 'c:\clusterstorage/volume1\XXX.vhd'. Error: 'A device attached to the system is not functioning.' (0x8007001F). (Virtual machine 36563C78-65B5-4C40-A52D-689BB39E8B08) 'XXX': Failed to open attachment 'c:\clusterstorage/volume1\XXX.vhd'. Error: 'A device attached to the system is not functioning.' (0x8007001F). (Virtual machine 36563C78-65B5-4C40-A52D-689BB39E8B08) In the Hyper-V logs I found some more errors: In the hyper-v VMMS logs I have this: 'ServerName' failed to perform the operation. The virtual machine is not in a valid state to perform the operation. (Virtual machine ID 0A6CC4A9-39D6-4413-8CF0-B6DAA35B68D7)

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• Can I flash a PCI-E device's Firmware in a VM if the VM has exclusive IOMMU access?

  - by RibaldEddie

  I have a PCI-E Dell Perc 6/i RAID card that I'd like to flash with the latest firmware. Apparently I need either a Redhat / Centos OS or Windows in order to flash the firmware, but I have a VMWare 5.0.1 ESX hypervisor installed on the box and a CentOS guest OS. My motherboard support IOMMU and I have successfully used VMWare's PCI Passthrough feature to give VMs exclusive access to a PCI-E device. Is it safe to flash the firmware of a PCI-E device if that device is passed through to a single VM using the passthrough feature of VMware? Or should I boot one of the supported OSes directly on the bare metal?

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• How to use dd to make splitted ISO images from an storage device?

  - by Gustavo Bandeira

  This is a double question, I just hope it's valid. I need to know how to use dd to make splitted ISO images from some storage device, I'm doing it through SSH: the process is slow and the risk of faling at the mid of the operation (1) is high then I need to know how to make these splitted ISO images from my storage device. (2) I'm searching for some reference on dd, it could be a book or a good website about it for when any doubt arises. 1 - I'm doing it on a ~60GB storage device, it took me a whole day to copy ~10GB from this disk. 2 - For curious people, I'm trying to recover an accidentaly deleted file from an iPod, until now I've been able to make the whole process, I just need to improve it beucase I left it copying the disk yesterday: Today it gave me an error when it was at ~10GB.

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• Why does RDP Licensing is licensing the same device multiple times? [closed]

  - by NeerPatel

  Possible Duplicate: Can you help me with my software licensing issue? I've got a Citrix XenApp 6.5 Farm running on Win 2008 R2 Servers. I purchased 300 Device RDP/Remote App Licenses for ~200 users. We went with Device licenses, because most of the end users use the same machines. After 1 month of operating, we started to run out of licenses. It turns out the licensing service is consuming multiple licenses for the same machine. I can revoke licenses, but there is a limit to how many I can do. Is this operating correctly? The only explanation I can come up with is that the Licensing service is giving a license to a device for every server it connects to in our Citrix farm.

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• How do i use a USB wifi device properly?

  - by acidzombie24

  I'll just say a few random things One usb wifi device i notice only worked when it plugged into my usb hub Another one worked but couldnt get full speed. It came with an extention cord and when i had it a few feet away i was able to (usually) get full speed I had a wifi card in a tower in the past and just about all laptops have it built in How do i use a USB wifi adapter properly? The first device didnt come with an extention cord and made no mention of bringing it away from the computer. When someone else tested the device he said he was getting full speed while it was plugged into his tower so i was pretty surpised. How do i use USB wifi devices properly?

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• How do I debug this FS error on a flash device?

  - by abc

  I have console access to an embedded linux device. This device has flash memory part of which is partitioned as a FAT filesystem. Its running linux-2.6.31. However I am seeing these errors on the console these days and the FAT file system becomes read only. 111109:154925 FAT: Filesystem error (dev loop0) 111109:154925 fat_get_cluster: invalid cluster chain (i_pos 0) 111109:154925 FAT: Filesystem error (dev loop0) 111109:154925 fat_get_cluster: invalid cluster chain (i_pos 0) I cannot understand why this happened? What is the root cause? And what is the fix? I would appreciate answers that can point me how to investigate the possible root cause of this issue on the device.

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• How to know the root device size of some public AMI?

  - by red23jordan

  Since I do not want to pay money for my testing, the free limit size is 10G. I can know the root device root for some default AMI such as Amazon Linux AMI 2012.03 The Amazon Linux AMI 2012.03 is an EBS-backed, PV-GRUB image. It includes Linux 3.2, AWS tools, and repository access to multiple versions of MySQL, PostgreSQL, Python, Ruby, and Tomcat. Root Device Size: 8 GB And the last row displayed 8GB. However, if I find AMI in Community Page, it does not show the root device size. Can anyone know how to use the instance such as centOS that is not provided by default but it is under 10GB so that I can still free use?

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• Can't access USB drive anymore

  - by marie

  I have a 32 GB Lacie Cookey USB flash disk that doesn't show in the Computer window but it's visible as a device. cmd > diskpart DISKPART> list disk Disk ### Status Size -------- ------------- ------ Disk 0 Online 149 G Disk 1 No Media 0 DISKPART> select disk 1 Disk 1 is now the selected disk. DISKPART> clean Virtual Disk Service error: There is no media in the device. It also appears in the Disk Management tool, but the box is empty. Is there anything I can do or is it dead? ............................................................ output from ChipGenius: Description: [F:]USB Mass Storage Device(LaCie CooKey) Device Type: Mass Storage Device Protocal Version: USB 2.00 Current Speed: High Speed Max Current: 200mA USB Device ID: VID = 059F PID = 103B Serial Number: 070535924B170C18 Device Vendor: LaCie Device Name: CooKey Device Revision: 0100 Manufacturer: LaCie Product Model: CooKey Product Revision: PMAP Controller Vendor: Phison Controller Part-Number: PS2251-67(PS2267) - F/W 06.08.53 [2012-09-26] Flash ID code: 983AA892 - Toshiba [TLC] Tools on web: http://dl.mydigit.net/special/up/phison.html

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• How to change the audio output device in Firefox or any other modern browser?

  - by Zanami Zani

  I'm trying to play music through Ventrilo and currently I use Virtual Audio Cable. The way it works is that in foobar2000 (a music playing program) I set the output device in preferences to Virtual Audio Cable. Then in Ventrilo I log in to another name and set the input device to Virtual Audio Cable. This routes the music through the Virtual Audio Cable and allows me to play the music through Ventrilo. However, I would also like to change the output device for Firefox (or any other browser) or "Plugin Container for Firefix" to Virtual Audio Cable so that I could play music from Pandora or YouTube on to Ventrilo. Unfortunately I could not find an option for this anywhere.

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• Ways to setup a ZFS pool on a device without possibility to create/manage partitions?

  - by Karl Richter

  I have a NAS where I don't have a possibility to create and manage partitions (maybe I could with some hacks that I don't want to make). What ways to setup multiple ZFS pools with one partition each (for starters - just want to use deduplication) exist? The setup should work with the NAS, i.e. over network (I'd mount the images via NFS or cifs). My ideas and associated issues so far: sparse files mounted over loop device (specifying sparse file directly as ZFS vdev doesn't work, see Can I choose a sparse file as vdev for a zfs pool?): problem that the name/number of the assigned loop device is anything but constant, not sure how increasing the number loop device with kernel parameter affects performance (there has to be a reason to limit it to 8 in the default value, right?)

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• make a folder/partition on one computer appear as a mass storage device to another?

  - by user137560

  Is there anyway to make a folder or a partition on a computer (Linux or Windows) act like a mass storage device to other computers or devices when connected with a Male-Male USB cable? For example, I have a Windows 7 computer with 2 partitions, C and D. I would then connect that computer to another computer or a Smart TV using a Male-Male USB cable, and the other computer or device recognizes a folder/partition on current computer as a mass storage device. Is this possible? If not, is there any USB switch that can connect an external hard drive or flash drive to both a computer and TV without the need to manually switch them? (I know about some USB switches, but they only support automatic switching with some certain types of printers, not with mass storage)

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• SlimDX: Lightning problem with Direct3D9

  - by Spi1988

  I am creating a simple application to get familiar with SlimDX library. I found some code written in MDX and I'm trying to convert it to run on SlimDX. I am having some problems with the light because everything is being shown as black. The code is: public partial class DirectTest : Form { private Device device= null; private float angle = 0.0f; Light light = new Light(); public DirectTest() { InitializeComponent(); this.Size = new Size(800, 600); this.SetStyle(ControlStyles.AllPaintingInWmPaint | ControlStyles.Opaque, true); } /// <summary> /// We will initialize our graphics device here /// </summary> public void InitializeGraphics() { PresentParameters pres_params = new PresentParameters() { Windowed = true, SwapEffect = SwapEffect.Discard }; device = new Device(new Direct3D(), 0, DeviceType.Hardware, this.Handle, CreateFlags.SoftwareVertexProcessing, pres_params); } private void SetupCamera() { device.SetRenderState(RenderState.CullMode, Cull.None); device.SetTransform(TransformState.World, Matrix.RotationAxis(new Vector3(angle / ((float)Math.PI * 2.0f), angle / ((float)Math.PI * 4.0f), angle / ((float)Math.PI * 6.0f)), angle / (float)Math.PI)); angle += 0.1f; device.SetTransform(TransformState.Projection, Matrix.PerspectiveFovLH((float)Math.PI / 4, this.Width / this.Height, 1.0f, 100.0f)); device.SetTransform(TransformState.View, Matrix.LookAtLH(new Vector3(0, 0, 5.0f), new Vector3(), new Vector3(0, 1, 0))); device.SetRenderState(RenderState.Lighting, false); } protected override void OnPaint(System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs e) { device.Clear(ClearFlags.Target | ClearFlags.ZBuffer, Color.CornflowerBlue, 1.0f, 0); SetupCamera(); CustomVertex.PositionColored[] verts = new CustomVertex.PositionColored[3]; verts[0].Position = new Vector3(0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); verts[0].Normal = new Vector3(0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f); verts[0].Color = System.Drawing.Color.White.ToArgb(); verts[1].Position = new Vector3(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f); verts[1].Normal = new Vector3(0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f); verts[1].Color = System.Drawing.Color.White.ToArgb(); verts[2].Position = new Vector3(1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f); verts[2].Normal = new Vector3(0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f); verts[2].Color = System.Drawing.Color.White.ToArgb(); light.Type = LightType.Point; light.Position = new Vector3(); light.Diffuse = System.Drawing.Color.White; light.Attenuation0 = 0.2f; light.Range = 10000.0f; device.SetLight(0, light); device.EnableLight(0, true); device.BeginScene(); device.VertexFormat = CustomVertex.PositionColored.format; device.DrawUserPrimitives<CustomVertex.PositionColored>(PrimitiveType.TriangleList, 1, verts); device.EndScene(); device.Present(); this.Invalidate(); } } } The Vertex Format that I am using is the following [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] public struct PositionNormalColored { public Vector3 Position; public int Color; public Vector3 Normal; public static readonly VertexFormat format = VertexFormat.Diffuse | VertexFormat.Position | VertexFormat.Normal; } Any suggestions on what the problem might be? Thanks in Advance

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• Configure USB GSM Modem

  - by adisembiring

  I want to configure EVDO Usb Modem in Ubuntu 10.10 I insert my usb modem to laptop and check the usb is detected or not using $sudo lsusb and the result is: Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 005 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 002 Device 002: ID 201e:2009 Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 001 Device 003: ID 14cd:6600 Super Top USB 2.0 IDE DEVICE Bus 002 Device 002: ID 201e:2009 is my us device. and than I execute command $dmesg | grep -e tty [ 0.000000] console [tty0] enabled [ 818.054660] usb 2-1.3: GSM modem (1-port) converter now attached to ttyUSB0 [ 818.055125] usb 2-1.3: GSM modem (1-port) converter now attached to ttyUSB1 [ 818.055647] usb 2-1.3: GSM modem (1-port) converter now attached to ttyUSB2 [ 818.330641] option1 ttyUSB0: GSM modem (1-port) converter now disconnected from ttyUSB0 [ 818.330743] option1 ttyUSB1: GSM modem (1-port) converter now disconnected from ttyUSB1 [ 818.330840] option1 ttyUSB2: GSM modem (1-port) converter now disconnected from ttyUSB2 [ 1054.917473] usb 2-1.2: GSM modem (1-port) converter now attached to ttyUSB0 [ 1054.917995] usb 2-1.2: GSM modem (1-port) converter now attached to ttyUSB1 [ 1054.918481] usb 2-1.2: GSM modem (1-port) converter now attached to ttyUSB2 [ 1055.214087] option1 ttyUSB0: GSM modem (1-port) converter now disconnected from ttyUSB0 [ 1055.214221] option1 ttyUSB1: GSM modem (1-port) converter now disconnected from ttyUSB1 [ 1055.214356] option1 ttyUSB2: GSM modem (1-port) converter now disconnected from ttyUSB2 Why converter disconnected from ttyUSB2 ? and than I try to execute command $sudo wvdialconf sorry, no modem was detected! Is it in use by another program ? did you configure it properly with setserials ? I change the same type usb modem from my friend, but I still get error above.

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• Trying to use HUAWEI E173 on Ubuntu 12.04

  - by Scott Warren

  I have a HUAWEI E173 usb stick to access the internet. It works normally on windows but I need to use it on my Ubuntu system. I plug it in, and after 25-20 seconds the status light turns green and blinks twice every 3 seconds. I see no changes in my system whatsoever, nothing gets installed, I don't get prompted for my PIN. I tried to create a connection using edit connections. I entered the following parameters: Turkey, Turkcell, My Plan is not listed, Internet. Nothing happens. I tried the lsusb command and got the following: tosh2000@tosh:~$ lsusb Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 005 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 002 Device 002: ID 058f:a001 Alcor Micro Corp. Bus 001 Device 004: ID 12d1:14ba Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. I tried the usb-devices command and can see the device: T: Bus=01 Lev=01 Prnt=01 Port=01 Cnt=01 Dev#= 4 Spd=480 MxCh= 0 D: Ver= 2.00 Cls=00(ifc ) Sub=00 Prot=00 MxPS=64 #Cfgs= 1 P: Vendor=12d1 ProdID=14ba Rev=00.00 S: Manufacturer=HUAWEI Technology S: Product=HUAWEI Mobile C: #Ifs= 2 Cfg#= 1 Atr=e0 MxPwr=500mA I: If#= 0 Alt= 0 #EPs= 2 Cls=08(stor.) Sub=06 Prot=50 Driver=usb-storage I: If#= 1 Alt= 0 #EPs= 2 Cls=08(stor.) Sub=06 Prot=50 Driver=usb-storage Based on other advice I found, I tried the following command: sudo modprobe usbserial vendor=0x12d1 product=0x14ba Again, nothing happened. My question is why does the "enable mobile broadband" not populate automatically in the dropdown networking menu and how can I can I start using the device? Thank you.

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• Configure EVDO USB Modem in Ubuntu 10.10

  - by adisembiring

  I want to configure EVDO Usb Modem in Ubuntu 10.10 I insert my usb modem to laptop and check the usb is detected or not using $sudo lsusb and the result is: Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 005 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 002 Device 002: ID 201e:2009 Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 001 Device 003: ID 14cd:6600 Super Top USB 2.0 IDE DEVICE Bus 002 Device 002: ID 201e:2009 is my us device. and than I execute command $dmesg | grep -e tty [ 0.000000] console [tty0] enabled [ 818.054660] usb 2-1.3: GSM modem (1-port) converter now attached to ttyUSB0 [ 818.055125] usb 2-1.3: GSM modem (1-port) converter now attached to ttyUSB1 [ 818.055647] usb 2-1.3: GSM modem (1-port) converter now attached to ttyUSB2 [ 818.330641] option1 ttyUSB0: GSM modem (1-port) converter now disconnected from ttyUSB0 [ 818.330743] option1 ttyUSB1: GSM modem (1-port) converter now disconnected from ttyUSB1 [ 818.330840] option1 ttyUSB2: GSM modem (1-port) converter now disconnected from ttyUSB2 [ 1054.917473] usb 2-1.2: GSM modem (1-port) converter now attached to ttyUSB0 [ 1054.917995] usb 2-1.2: GSM modem (1-port) converter now attached to ttyUSB1 [ 1054.918481] usb 2-1.2: GSM modem (1-port) converter now attached to ttyUSB2 [ 1055.214087] option1 ttyUSB0: GSM modem (1-port) converter now disconnected from ttyUSB0 [ 1055.214221] option1 ttyUSB1: GSM modem (1-port) converter now disconnected from ttyUSB1 [ 1055.214356] option1 ttyUSB2: GSM modem (1-port) converter now disconnected from ttyUSB2 Why converter disconnected from ttyUSB2 ? and than I try to execute command $sudo wvdialconf sorry, no modem was detected! Is it in use by another program ? did you configure it properly with setserials ? I change the same type usb modem from my friend, but I still get error above.

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• What is "Open" anyway?

  - by EmbeddedInsider

  This terms is often used with many meanings.  For example, some people consider Flash 'open' and 'multi-platform' .  But Flash is a product of Adobe systems, locked down, copy protected and distribution restricted.  And versions for other than standard PC, home use, may carry licence fees. Check it out: 3.1 Adobe Runtime Restrictions. You will not use any Adobe Runtime on any non-PC device or with any embedded or device version of any operating system. For the avoidance of doubt, and by example only, you may not use an Adobe Runtime on any (a) mobile device, set top box (STB), handheld, phone, web pad, tablet and Tablet PC (other than with Windows XP Tablet PC Edition and its successors), game console, TV, DVD player, media center (other than with Windows XP Media Center Edition and its successors), electronic billboard or other digital signage, Internet appliance or other Internet-connected device, PDA, medical device, ATM, telematic device, gaming machine, home automation system, kiosk, remote control device, or any other consumer electronics device, (b) operator-based mobile, cable, satellite, or television system or (c) other closed system device. For information on licensing Adobe Runtimes for use on such systems please visit http://www.adobe.com/go/licensing. You will notice, for its embedded operating systems, Microsoft buys and includes a fully paid license for Adobe.   Do you get this with Linux?  Unix?  QNX? So, what is 'open'? Lawrence Ricci www.EmbeddedInsider.com

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• Organizations &amp; Architecture UNISA Studies &ndash; Chap 7

  - by MarkPearl

  Learning Outcomes Name different device categories Discuss the functions and structure of I/.O modules Describe the principles of Programmed I/O Describe the principles of Interrupt-driven I/O Describe the principles of DMA Discuss the evolution characteristic of I/O channels Describe different types of I/O interface Explain the principles of point-to-point and multipoint configurations Discuss the way in which a FireWire serial bus functions Discuss the principles of InfiniBand architecture External Devices An external device attaches to the computer by a link to an I/O module. The link is used to exchange control, status, and data between the I/O module and the external device. External devices can be classified into 3 categories… Human readable – e.g. video display Machine readable – e.g. magnetic disk Communications – e.g. wifi card I/O Modules An I/O module has two major functions… Interface to the processor and memory via the system bus or central switch Interface to one or more peripheral devices by tailored data links Module Functions The major functions or requirements for an I/O module fall into the following categories… Control and timing Processor communication Device communication Data buffering Error detection I/O function includes a control and timing requirement, to coordinate the flow of traffic between internal resources and external devices. Processor communication involves the following… Command decoding Data Status reporting Address recognition The I/O device must be able to perform device communication. This communication involves commands, status information, and data. An essential task of an I/O module is data buffering due to the relative slow speeds of most external devices. An I/O module is often responsible for error detection and for subsequently reporting errors to the processor. I/O Module Structure An I/O module functions to allow the processor to view a wide range of devices in a simple minded way. The I/O module may hide the details of timing, formats, and the electro mechanics of an external device so that the processor can function in terms of simple reads and write commands. An I/O channel/processor is an I/O module that takes on most of the detailed processing burden, presenting a high-level interface to the processor. There are 3 techniques are possible for I/O operations Programmed I/O Interrupt[t I/O DMA Access Programmed I/O When a processor is executing a program and encounters an instruction relating to I/O it executes that instruction by issuing a command to the appropriate I/O module. With programmed I/O, the I/O module will perform the requested action and then set the appropriate bits in the I/O status register. The I/O module takes no further actions to alert the processor. I/O Commands To execute an I/O related instruction, the processor issues an address, specifying the particular I/O module and external device, and an I/O command. There are four types of I/O commands that an I/O module may receive when it is addressed by a processor… Control – used to activate a peripheral and tell it what to do Test – Used to test various status conditions associated with an I/O module and its peripherals Read – Causes the I/O module to obtain an item of data from the peripheral and place it in an internal buffer Write – Causes the I/O module to take an item of data form the data bus and subsequently transmit that data item to the peripheral The main disadvantage of this technique is it is a time consuming process that keeps the processor busy needlessly I/O Instructions With programmed I/O there is a close correspondence between the I/O related instructions that the processor fetches from memory and the I/O commands that the processor issues to an I/O module to execute the instructions. Typically there will be many I/O devices connected through I/O modules to the system – each device is given a unique identifier or address – when the processor issues an I/O command, the command contains the address of the address of the desired device, thus each I/O module must interpret the address lines to determine if the command is for itself. When the processor, main memory and I/O share a common bus, two modes of addressing are possible… Memory mapped I/O Isolated I/O (for a detailed explanation read page 245 of book) The advantage of memory mapped I/O over isolated I/O is that it has a large repertoire of instructions that can be used, allowing more efficient programming. The disadvantage of memory mapped I/O over isolated I/O is that valuable memory address space is sued up. Interrupts driven I/O Interrupt driven I/O works as follows… The processor issues an I/O command to a module and then goes on to do some other useful work The I/O module will then interrupts the processor to request service when is is ready to exchange data with the processor The processor then executes the data transfer and then resumes its former processing Interrupt Processing The occurrence of an interrupt triggers a number of events, both in the processor hardware and in software. When an I/O device completes an I/O operations the following sequence of hardware events occurs… The device issues an interrupt signal to the processor The processor finishes execution of the current instruction before responding to the interrupt The processor tests for an interrupt – determines that there is one – and sends an acknowledgement signal to the device that issues the interrupt. The acknowledgement allows the device to remove its interrupt signal The processor now needs to prepare to transfer control to the interrupt routine. To begin, it needs to save information needed to resume the current program at the point of interrupt. The minimum information required is the status of the processor and the location of the next instruction to be executed. The processor now loads the program counter with the entry location of the interrupt-handling program that will respond to this interrupt. It also saves the values of the process registers because the Interrupt operation may modify these The interrupt handler processes the interrupt – this includes examination of status information relating to the I/O operation or other event that caused an interrupt When interrupt processing is complete, the saved register values are retrieved from the stack and restored to the registers Finally, the PSW and program counter values from the stack are restored. Design Issues Two design issues arise in implementing interrupt I/O Because there will be multiple I/O modules, how does the processor determine which device issued the interrupt? If multiple interrupts have occurred, how does the processor decide which one to process? Addressing device recognition, 4 general categories of techniques are in common use… Multiple interrupt lines Software poll Daisy chain Bus arbitration For a detailed explanation of these approaches read page 250 of the textbook. Interrupt driven I/O while more efficient than simple programmed I/O still requires the active intervention of the processor to transfer data between memory and an I/O module, and any data transfer must traverse a path through the processor. Thus is suffers from two inherent drawbacks… The I/O transfer rate is limited by the speed with which the processor can test and service a device The processor is tied up in managing an I/O transfer; a number of instructions must be executed for each I/O transfer Direct Memory Access When large volumes of data are to be moved, an efficient technique is direct memory access (DMA) DMA Function DMA involves an additional module on the system bus. The DMA module is capable of mimicking the processor and taking over control of the system from the processor. It needs to do this to transfer data to and from memory over the system bus. DMA must the bus only when the processor does not need it, or it must force the processor to suspend operation temporarily (most common – referred to as cycle stealing). When the processor wishes to read or write a block of data, it issues a command to the DMA module by sending to the DMA module the following information… Whether a read or write is requested using the read or write control line between the processor and the DMA module The address of the I/O device involved, communicated on the data lines The starting location in memory to read from or write to, communicated on the data lines and stored by the DMA module in its address register The number of words to be read or written, communicated via the data lines and stored in the data count register The processor then continues with other work, it delegates the I/O operation to the DMA module which transfers the entire block of data, one word at a time, directly to or from memory without going through the processor. When the transfer is complete, the DMA module sends an interrupt signal to the processor, this the processor is involved only at the beginning and end of the transfer. I/O Channels and Processors Characteristics of I/O Channels As one proceeds along the evolutionary path, more and more of the I/O function is performed without CPU involvement. The I/O channel represents an extension of the DMA concept. An I/O channel ahs the ability to execute I/O instructions, which gives it complete control over I/O operations. In a computer system with such devices, the CPU does not execute I/O instructions – such instructions are stored in main memory to be executed by a special purpose processor in the I/O channel itself. Two types of I/O channels are common A selector channel controls multiple high-speed devices. A multiplexor channel can handle I/O with multiple characters as fast as possible to multiple devices. The external interface: FireWire and InfiniBand Types of Interfaces One major characteristic of the interface is whether it is serial or parallel parallel interface – there are multiple lines connecting the I/O module and the peripheral, and multiple bits are transferred simultaneously serial interface – there is only one line used to transmit data, and bits must be transmitted one at a time With new generation serial interfaces, parallel interfaces are becoming less common. In either case, the I/O module must engage in a dialogue with the peripheral. In general terms the dialog may look as follows… The I/O module sends a control signal requesting permission to send data The peripheral acknowledges the request The I/O module transfers data The peripheral acknowledges receipt of data For a detailed explanation of FireWire and InfiniBand technology read page 264 – 270 of the textbook

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• 1.5 TB USB Drive failed to mount

  - by user89348

  Seagate 1.5Tb FreeAgent USB Hard Drive. Formatted FAT32. I figure it is 75% full. Used to work fine in XUBUNTU it shows up in Cairo Dock but when I click on it I get "failed to mount drive'. Nautilus does not display the icon nor does Thunar. Windows Vista will no longer recognise drive either. Back Track 5R3 also no longer fails to mount it. BUT and here is the BIG BUT my Pioneer DV-410 reads the files and plays the everything just fine. I believe this all happened after an unclean shutdown / XUbuntu 12.10 system freeze. Why can't XUBUNTU mount this drive when a crappy 13 year old DVD player can mount it. I am desperate to back up the data before just in case the drive becomes completely unreadable. Using XUBUNTU 12.10 Quantal current 3.5.0.17 Kernel (past 3 Kernels wont read it either) and all newest apt-get update / dist-upgrade are applied. I will post any other info you folks request as needed. Additional info as requested by githlar. $ sudo fsck.vfat /dev/sdb dosfsck 3.0.13, 30 Jun 2012, FAT32, LFN Read 512 bytes at 0:Input/output error $ lsusb Bus 001 Device 003: ID 148f:3070 Ralink Technology, Corp. RT2870/RT3070 Wireless Adapter Bus 002 Device 002: ID 0bc2:3001 Seagate RSS LLC Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 005 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 006 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 007 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub

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• Sound card not detected in 13.04

  - by Ganessh Kumar R P

  I have a problem with my sound card. I don't have volume up or down option anywhere. In the setting -> Sound I don't have any card detected. But when I run the command sudo aplay -l, I get the following output **** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices **** Failed to create secure directory (/home/ganessh/.config/pulse): Permission denied card 0: MID [HDA Intel MID], device 0: STAC92xx Analog [STAC92xx Analog] Subdevices: 0/1 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0 card 1: NVidia [HDA NVidia], device 3: HDMI 0 [HDMI 0] Subdevices: 1/1 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0 card 1: NVidia [HDA NVidia], device 7: HDMI 0 [HDMI 0] Subdevices: 1/1 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0 card 1: NVidia [HDA NVidia], device 8: HDMI 0 [HDMI 0] Subdevices: 1/1 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0 card 1: NVidia [HDA NVidia], device 9: HDMI 0 [HDMI 0] Subdevices: 1/1 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0 And the command lspci -v | grep -A7 -i "audio" outputs 00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset High Definition Audio (rev 06) Subsystem: Dell Device 02a2 Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 48 Memory at f0f20000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K] Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: snd_hda_intel 00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev 06) (prog-if 00 [Normal decode]) -- 02:00.1 Audio device: NVIDIA Corporation GF106 High Definition Audio Controller (rev a1) Subsystem: Dell Device 02a2 Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 17 Memory at d3efc000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K] Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: snd_hda_intel 07:00.0 Network controller: Intel Corporation Ultimate N WiFi Link 5300 So, I assume that the drivers are properly installed but still I don't get any option in the settings or volume control. The same card used to work well back in 2010 versions(04 and 10) Any help is appreciated. Thanks

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