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  • Single python file distribution: module or package?

    - by DanielSank
    Suppose I have a useful python function or class (or whatever) called useful_thing which exists in a single file. There are essentialy two ways to organize the source tree. The first way uses a single module: - setup.py - README.rst - ...etc... - foo.py where useful_thing is defined in foo.py. The second strategy is to make a package: - setup.py - README.rst - ...etc... - foo |-module.py |-__init__.py where useful_thing is defined in module.py. In the package case __init__.py would look like this from foo.module import useful_thing so that in both cases you can do from foo import useful_thing. Question: Which way is preferred, and why? EDIT: Since user gnat says this question is poorly formed, I'll add that the official python packaging tutorial does not seem to comment on which of the methods described above is the preferred one. I am explicitly not giving my personal list of pros and cons because I'm interested in whether there is a community preferred method, not generating a discussion of pros/cons :)

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  • Is it more difficult to upgrade your certification from SQL Server 2008 to 2012 than to get it from scratch?

    - by Diego
    I was wondering about the new MCSA certification on SQL 2012 and how it seems to be more difficult to upgrade your certification from 2008 to 2012 than to get the 2012 from scratch. Reason I think that is true is because anyone with any MCTS SQL Server 2008 certification can upgrade it to a MCSA 2012 by passing 2 tests (457 and 458). If you try to get it from scratch, you need to pass 3 tests (461, 462 and 463 - which are pretty much the same as 432, 433 and 448 for SQL 2008). But the thing is, even though its one test less to upgrade, all the skills necessary to pass 461, 462 and 463 are squeezed on 457 and 458 so, it seems easier to get from scratch than upgrade. Any thoughts?

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  • Best practice to propagate preferences of application

    - by Shebuka
    What is your approach with propagation to all classes/windows of preferences/settings of your application? Do you share the preference_manager class to all classes/windows who need it or you make variables in each classes/windows and update them manually each time setting are changed? Currently I have a PreferencesInterface class that hold all preferences and is responsible to default all values with a dedicated method called on create and when needed, all values are public, so non getters/setters, also it have virtual SavePreferences/LoadPreferences methods. Then I have PreferencesManager that extends from PreferencesInterface and is responsible for actually implementation of SavePreferences/LoadPreferences. I've made this basically for cross-platform so that every platform can have a different implementation of actual storage (registry, ini, plist, xml, whatever).

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  • conventions for friend methods in Perl

    - by xenoterracide
    Perl doesn't support a friend relationship between objects, nor does it support private or protected methods. What is usually done for private methods is to prefix the name with an underscore. I occasionally have methods that I think of as friend methods. Meaning that I expect them to be used by a specific object, or an object with a specific responsibility, but I'm not sure if I should make that method public (meaning foo ) or private ( _foo ) or if there's a better convention? is there a convention for friend methods?

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  • Computer Science Programming Certificate vs. Computer Science Degree?

    - by Jess
    I'm kind of in a tough spot. My current living conditions require that I work a full-time job while attending school. I've attended a UC in the past but had to withdraw my junior year due to financial issues at home. I currently work an entry-level IT corp job but I'm looking to further my salary/skills by getting a degree, or a programming certificate like this one: http://www.lavc.edu/voced1/CSITCertCSP/CSITCertFrameCSP.htm Herein lies the problem. I prefer getting a CS degree from an accredited university but I looked at the schedules for classes and it is impossible to work around my current 40/hr work week. There are random morning classes, with the occasional evening class, but the times get even more construed as I move my way up to the upper divisions. So what I guess I'm trying to get at is, can anyone lay out the pros and cons of obtaining a certificate vs. the degree (besides obvious points like the latter being 100x better)? I'm aware that having a degree is always going to be a better route, but...is the programming certificate useless? Should I not even bother?

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  • Is my use case diagram correct?

    - by Dummy Derp
    NOTE: I am self studying UML so I have nobody to verify my diagrams and hence I am posting here, so please bear with me. This is the problem I got from some PDF available on Google that simply had the following problem statement: Problem Statement: A library contains books and journals. The task is to develop a computer system for borrowing books. In order to borrow a book the borrower must be a member of the library. There is a limit on the number of books that can be borrowed by each member of the library. The library may have several copies of a given book. It is possible to reserve a book. Some books are for short term loans only. Other books may be borrowed for 3 weeks. Users can extend the loans. 1. Draw a use case diagram for a library. 2. Give a use case description for two use cases: • Borrow copy of book • Extend loan Diagram: Use case description: 1. Borrow a copy of the book: If the person wishes to borrow a book from Derpville Public Library, he/she must be a member of the library in which case they will be allowed to issue a certain number of books. If the person is not a member, the book will not be issued to them for taking away, rather they will have to sit and read in the library. 2. Extending loan: Some books will be lent for 3 weeks while others will be lent for more than 3 weeks in which case the person borrowing has to come to the library and get the date extended. There is a limit on how much the user can extend the date of a particular book.

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  • How much PHP do I need to know to use AJAX?

    - by user1146440
    Hi I am interested in learning to create AJAX calls with Javascript.I already know Javascript and I would like to learn PHP at some point but at the moment I know nothing about it and I don't have the time to learn the full language. How much PHP do I need to know to be able to do AJAX calls? Can someone recommend me some good resources to get familiar with what I need to learn from PHP so I can learn AJAX.I am planing on starting to read AJAX and PHP: Building Modern Web Applications 2nd Edition but I think I need to know some basic PHP.

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  • How can I create a square 10x10 grid using nested for loops in Java? [migrated]

    - by help
    I'm trying to create a 10x10 grid using for loops in Java. I'm able to create rows going up and down but not repeating. for(int i = 1; i < temperatures.length; i++) { temperatures[i] = (temperatures[i-1] + 12) / 2; //takes average of 12 and previous temp } } public void paint(Graphics g) { for(int y = 1; y < 9; y++) { g.setColor(Color.black); g.drawRect(10, 10, 10, 10); g.drawRect(10, 10, 10, 20); g.drawRect(10, 10, 10, 30); g.drawRect(10, 10, 10, 40); g.drawRect(10, 10, 10, 50); g.drawRect(10, 10, 10, 60); g.drawRect(10, 10, 10, 70); g.drawRect(10, 10, 10, 80); g.drawRect(10, 10, 10, 90); g.drawRect(10, 10, 10, 100); for(int x = 1; x < 9; x++) { g.setColor(Color.black); g.drawRect(10, 10, 10, 10); g.drawRect(10, 10, 20, 10); g.drawRect(10, 10, 30, 10); g.drawRect(10, 10, 40, 10); g.drawRect(10, 10, 50, 10); g.drawRect(10, 10, 60, 10); g.drawRect(10, 10, 70, 10); g.drawRect(10, 10, 80, 10); g.drawRect(10, 10, 90, 10); g.drawRect(10, 10, 100, 10); } } } }

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  • White box testing with Google Test

    - by Daemin
    I've been trying out using GoogleTest for my C++ hobby project, and I need to test the internals of a component (hence white box testing). At my previous work we just made the test classes friends of the class being tested. But with Google Test that doesn't work as each test is given its own unique class, derived from the fixture class if specified, and friend-ness doesn't transfer to derived classes. Initially I created a test proxy class that is friends with the tested class. It contains a pointer to an instance of the tested class and provides methods for the required, but hidden, members. This worked for a simple class, but now I'm up to testing a tree class with an internal private node class, of which I need to access and mess with. I'm just wondering if anyone using the GoogleTest library has done any white box testing and if they have any hints or helpful constructs that would make this easier. Ok, I've found the FRIEND_TEST macro defined in the documentation, as well as some hints on how to test private code in the advanced guide. But apart from having a huge amount of friend declerations (i.e. one FRIEND_TEST for each test), is there an easier idion to use, or should I abandon using GoogleTest and move to a different test framework?

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  • College Courses through distance learning

    - by Matt
    I realize this isn't really a programming question, but didn't really know where to post this in the stackexchange and because I am a computer science major i thought id ask here. This is pretty unique to the programmer community since my degree is about 95% programming. I have 1 semester left, but i work full time. I would like to finish up in December, but to make things easier i like to take online classes whenever I can. So, my question is does anyone know of any colleges that offer distance learning courses for computer science? I have been searching around and found a few potential classes, but not sure yet. I would like to gather some classes and see what i can get approval for. Class I need: Only need one C SC 437 Geometric Algorithms C SC 445 Algorithms C SC 473 Automata Only need one C SC 452 Operating Systems C SC 453 Compilers/Systems Software While i only need of each of the above courses i still need to take two more electives. These also have to be upper 400 level classes. So i can take multiple in each category. Some other classes I can take are: CSC 447 - Green Computing CSC 425 - Computer Networking CSC 460 - Database Design CSC 466 - Computer Security I hoping to take one or two of these courses over the summer. If not, then online over the regular semester would be ok too. Any help in helping find these classes would be awesome. Maybe you went to a college that offered distance learning. Some of these classes may be considered to be graduate courses too. Descriptions are listed below if you need. Thanks! Descriptions Computer Security This is an introductory course covering the fundamentals of computer security. In particular, the course will cover basic concepts of computer security such as threat models and security policies, and will show how these concepts apply to specific areas such as communication security, software security, operating systems security, network security, web security, and hardware-based security. Computer Networking Theory and practice of computer networks, emphasizing the principles underlying the design of network software and the role of the communications system in distributed computing. Topics include routing, flow and congestion control, end-to-end protocols, and multicast. Database Design Functions of a database system. Data modeling and logical database design. Query languages and query optimization. Efficient data storage and access. Database access through standalone and web applications. Green Computing This course covers fundamental principles of energy management faced by designers of hardware, operating systems, and data centers. We will explore basic energy management option in individual components such as CPUs, network interfaces, hard drives, memory. We will further present the energy management policies at the operating system level that consider performance vs. energy saving tradeoffs. Finally we will consider large scale data centers where energy management is done at multiple layers from individual components in the system to shutting down entries subset of machines. We will also discuss energy generation and delivery and well as cooling issues in large data centers. Compilers/Systems Software Basic concepts of compilation and related systems software. Topics include lexical analysis, parsing, semantic analysis, code generation; assemblers, loaders, linkers; debuggers. Operating Systems Concepts of modern operating systems; concurrent processes; process synchronization and communication; resource allocation; kernels; deadlock; memory management; file systems. Algorithms Introduction to the design and analysis of algorithms: basic analysis techniques (asymptotics, sums, recurrences); basic design techniques (divide and conquer, dynamic programming, greedy, amortization); acquiring an algorithm repertoire (sorting, median finding, strong components, spanning trees, shortest paths, maximum flow, string matching); and handling intractability (approximation algorithms, branch and bound). Automata Introduction to models of computation (finite automata, pushdown automata, Turing machines), representations of languages (regular expressions, context-free grammars), and the basic hierarchy of languages (regular, context-free, decidable, and undecidable languages). Geometric Algorithms The study of algorithms for geometric objects, using a computational geometry approach, with an emphasis on applications for graphics, VLSI, GIS, robotics, and sensor networks. Topics may include the representation and overlaying of maps, finding nearest neighbors, solving linear programming problems, and searching geometric databases.

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  • Is it possible to write a program that pipes the sound from one computer through the sound card of another?

    - by Kenneth
    I have a case where I need to use one computer's sound card to play sound but I want the sound to be generated at another computer that's on the same network as the other. Ideally the program that does this would only run on the computer that was generating the sound, though I'm fairly certain that isn't possible based on the research I have been doing. What ever I do with it though the solution would need to be such that the computer actually playing the sound would be secure. Thanks for any input.

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  • Regarding Microsoft MVC framework and usage [closed]

    - by Thomas
    it will be better if some one tell me that what type of web application should develop using Microsoft MVC framework. i am familiar with web form but not familiar with MS MVC framework. i feel any type of web application can be developed with web form. i search google lot to know the specific reason for using MS MVC framework. i am keen interested to know when i should develop web apps using MS MVC framework and when i should use web form. i will be happy if some one discuss this issue in detail. thanks

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  • Linux for web Development [closed]

    - by Mr.TAMER
    I usually used windows for developing desktop applications, but recently I've almost abandoned desktop apps and have been doing web development so much. I'm using many web technologies and languages, especially Ruby on Rails, and I'm facing too many problems using windows. Besides, I personally want to move to Linux. So, what's the most helpful and comfortable Linux distribution for web development? I have a short but handy experience using Ubuntu desktop, so I'm familiar with the generics of Linux (like -as a simple example- using the command line), and I don't have any problem in getting used to any distribution (I know I may face some difficulties, but again I have no problem), I only want the best one for web development (especially rails!!). If the question doesn't belong to this site, I'll be glad to migrate it to the appropriate one.

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  • Why was Python's popularity so sudden? [closed]

    - by Eric Wilson
    Python first appeared in 1991, but it was somewhat unknown until 2004, if the TIOBE rankings quantify anything meaningful. What happened? What caused the interest in this 13 year old language to go through the roof? Is there a reason that Python wasn't considered a real competitor to Perl in its first decade of existence? Is there a reason that Python didn't continue in relative obscurity for another ten years? I personally think that Python is a very nice language, and I'm glad that I'm not the only one. But it doesn't have corporate backing or a killer feature that would explain a sudden rise to relevance. Does anyone know the story?

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  • const vs. readonly for a singleton

    - by GlenH7
    First off, I understand there are folk who oppose the use of singletons. I think it's an appropriate use in this case as it's constant state information, but I'm open to differing opinions / solutions. (See The singleton pattern and When should the singleton pattern not be used?) Second, for a broader audience: C++/CLI has a similar keyword to readonly with initonly, so this isn't strictly a C# type question. (Literal field versus constant variable in C++/CLI) Sidenote: A discussion of some of the nuances on using const or readonly. My Question: I have a singleton that anchors together some different data structures. Part of what I expose through that singleton are some lists and other objects, which represent the necessary keys or columns in order to connect the linked data structures. I doubt that anyone would try to change these objects through a different module, but I want to explicitly protect them from that risk. So I'm currently using a "readonly" modifier on those objects*. I'm using readonly instead of const with the lists as I read that using const will embed those items in the referencing assemblies and will therefore trigger a rebuild of those referencing assemblies if / when the list(s) is/are modified. This seems like a tighter coupling than I would want between the modules, but I wonder if I'm obsessing over a moot point. (This is question #2 below) The alternative I see to using "readonly" is to make the variables private and then wrap them with a public get. I'm struggling to see the advantage of this approach as it seems like wrapper code that doesn't provide much additional benefit. (This is question #1 below) It's highly unlikely that we'll change the contents or format of the lists - they're a compilation of things to avoid using magic strings all over the place. Unfortunately, not all the code has converted over to using this singleton's presentation of those strings. Likewise, I don't know that we'd change the containers / classes for the lists. So while I normally argue for the encapsulations advantages a get wrapper provides, I'm just not feeling it in this case. A representative sample of my singleton public sealed class mySingl { private static volatile mySingl sngl; private static object lockObject = new Object(); public readonly Dictionary<string, string> myDict = new Dictionary<string, string>() { {"I", "index"}, {"D", "display"}, }; public enum parms { ABC = 10, DEF = 20, FGH = 30 }; public readonly List<parms> specParms = new List<parms>() { parms.ABC, parms.FGH }; public static mySingl Instance { get { if(sngl == null) { lock(lockObject) { if(sngl == null) sngl = new mySingl(); } } return sngl; } } private mySingl() { doSomething(); } } Questions: Am I taking the most reasonable approach in this case? Should I be worrying about const vs. readonly? is there a better way of providing this information?

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  • Logical progressions through the job market

    - by Philluminati
    I'm 5 years out of a unrecognised university where I did Software Engineering. First job was VB.NET, one job was Python, Linux and Web development. I feel cast as a web developer. I'd love a role doing C but no one is interested in juniors if the applicant hasn't got 3 years of C development experience already. I've done some C and a drop of open source coding but I'll never have the confidence to convince someone I know absolutely what I'm doing. Do I just spend more and more time letting life pass me by as I sit in my room on a friday night writing a C problem "for the sake of learning more C" Basically I'm just not sure I want to continue my career if it's going to involve nothing but high level, machine abstracted, business logic and as interested as I am in low level development and enjoy reading books by Taunembaum I struggle to see how I can make the jump and I just feel life would be easier if I got a job in a cafe in Amsterdam rolling spliffs for customers. My ideal job, being a paid member of the Fedora development team seems so far away, without anyone to pay me to learn the skills to get there, and the only way would be to literally spend weeks and weeks of my life contributing code without recognition for free and without any guarentees at the end. Not that I've contributed anything at all so far. Are there any career paths that are logically set out so that jumping between roles is "correctly" incremental and where hard work and learning does eventually lead to the kind of places I might want to go? [ and also getting paid at the same time? ]

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  • Best practice with branching source code and application lifecycle

    - by Toni Frankola
    We are a small ISV shop and we usually ship a new version of our products every month. We use Subversion as our code repository and Visual Studio 2010 as our IDE. I am aware a lot of people are advocating Mercurial and other distributed source control systems but at this point I do not see how we could benefit from these, but I might be wrong. Our main problem is how to keep branches and main trunk in sync. Here is how we do things today: Release new version (automatically create a tag in Subversion) Continue working on the main trunk that will be released next month And the cycle repeats every month and works perfectly. The problem arises when an urgent service release needs to be released. We cannot release it from the main trunk (2) as it is under heavy development and it is not stable enough to be released urgently. In such case we do the following: Create a branch from the tag we created in step (1) Bug fix Test and release Push the change back to main trunk (if applicable) Our biggest problem is merging these two (branch with main). In most cases we cannot rely on automatic merging because e.g.: a lot of changes has been made to main trunk merging complex files (like Visual Studio XML files etc.) does not work very well another developer / team made changes you do not understand and you cannot just merge it So what you think is the best practice to keep these two different versions (branch and main) in sync. What do you do?

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  • Need advice on design in Ruby On Rails

    - by Elad
    For personal educational purposes I am making a site for a conference. One of the object that exist in a conference is a session, which has different states and in each state it has slightly different attributes: When submitted it has a speaker (User in the system), Title and abstract. When under review it has reviews and comments (in addition to the basic data) When accepted it has a defined time-slot but no reviewers anymore. I feel that it is not the best thing to add a "status" attributes and start adding many if statements... So I thought it would be better to have different classes for each state each with it's own validations and behaviors. What do you think about this design? Do you have a better idea? *I must add this out of frustration: I had several edits of the question, including one major change but no one actually gave any hint or clue on which direction should i take or where is a better place to ask this... Hardly helpful.

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  • JavaScript or PHP based WYSIWYG vector based image editor

    - by Jeroen Pluimers
    For a PHP based site of a client, I'm looking for a vector based image editor that allows: end user creation of vectored images consisting of objects supports upload of bitmap images to be used as objects inside the vector image supports adding text objects to add to the vector image, and change properties (font name, font style, font size) of the text objects preferably supports layering or grouping of objects inside the vector image integrates nicely with a PHP based site (so a PHP or JavaScript library is preferred) can store the vector image in SVG, EPS or PDF Both commercial and FOSS solutions are OK. Any idea where to find such a library? --jeroen

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  • Magento CSS Merge breaks layout in IE browsers

    - by Subi
    I am developing a magento website, and it is using CSS merge option. currently in IE the CSS not rendering properly. When I remove some part of CSS file its working. Some times it works when I remove 50 line from top. Some times it works when I remove 100 lines from bottom. So it's nothing related to the CSS I wrote. Merged file contains about 6000 lines and having 380 KB file size. can anybody help me on this ? Thanks

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  • What are the alternatives to "overriding a method" when using composition instead of inheritance?

    - by Sebastien Diot
    If we should favor composition over inheritance, the data part of it is clear, at least for me. What I don't have a clear solution to is how overwriting methods, or simply implementing them if they are defined in a pure virtual form, should be implemented. An obvious way is to wrap the instance representing the base-class into the instance representing the sub-class. But the major downsides of this are that if you have say 10 methods, and you want to override a single one, you still have to delegate every other methods anyway. And if there were several layers of inheritance, you have now several layers of wrapping, which becomes less and less efficient. Also, this only solve the problem of the object "client"; when another object calls the top wrapper, things happen like in inheritance. But when a method of the deepest instance, the base class, calls it's own methods that have been wrapped and modified, the wrapping has no effect: the call is performed by it's own method, instead of by the highest wrapper. One extreme alternative that would solve those problems would be to have one instance per method. You only wrap methods that you want to overwrite, so there is no pointless delegation. But now you end up with an incredible amount of classes and object instance, which will have a negative effect on memory usage, and this will require a lot more coding too. So, are there alternatives (preferably alternatives that can be used in Java), that: Do not result in many levels of pointless delegation without any changes. Make sure that not only the client of an object, but also all the code of the object itself, is aware of which implementation of method should be called. Does not result in an explosion of classes and instances. Ideally puts the extra memory overhead that is required at the "class"/"particular composition" level (static if you will), rather than having every object pay the memory overhead of composition. My feeling tells me that the instance representing the base class should be at the "top" of the stack/layers so it receives calls directly, and can process them directly too if they are not overwritten. But I don't know how to do it that way.

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  • How do you think about an Application Generator? [closed]

    - by Mehdi Sheyda
    I'm designing an application-generating application. It is an application that takes the requirements of customer as inputs , analyzes the requirements, creates classes and produces program files in C#. I am at the beginning of this project and have a long way to go with this application. Do you have an experience with designing similar kinds of projects? What risks might I encounter with this project?

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  • What is your favourite/ideal development environment?

    - by Nico Huysamen
    If you could describe your ideal development environment, what would it be? There are numerous things to take into consideration, including but not limited to: Hardware Software (Operating System of Choice, Paid vs. Free Software, ...) Physical Environment (lighting, open-plan, location, ...) An endless supply of coffee... ... In other words, if you could tell your company what they could do to make your development experience there better, what would it be?

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  • "Dedication of the Harvard Mark I computer, 1944 August 7"- Which text is Brooks referring to and where can I find it?

    - by JW01
    I am reading the epilogue of the Anniversary Edition of the Mythical Man Month. The author, Frederic Brooks, says Still vivid in my mind is the wonder and delight with which I - then 13 years old - read the account of the August 7, 1944, dedication of the Harvard Mark I computer... Which text is he referring to? I want to be filled with wonder and delight too. Where can get hold of this text so that I can read it too?

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  • Increase Performance of VS 2010 by using a SSD

    - by System.Data
    After searching on the internet for performance improvements when using Visual Studio 2010 with a solid state hard drive, I heard a lot of different opinions. A lot of people said that there isn't really a benefit when using a SSD, but in contrast others said the exact opposite. I am a bit confused with the contrasting opinions and I cannot really make a decision whether buying a SSD would make a difference. What are your experiences with this issue and which SSD did you use?

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